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Larauche M, Kim YS, Mulak A, Duboc H, Taché Y. Intracerebroventricular administration of TRH Agonist, RX-77368 alleviates visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in rats. Peptides 2024; 175:171181. [PMID: 38423212 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) acts centrally to exert pleiotropic actions independently from its endocrine function, including antinociceptive effects against somatic pain in rodents. Whether exogenous or endogenous activation of TRH signaling in the brain modulates visceral pain is unknown. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the stable TRH analog, RX-77368 (10, 30 and 100 ng/rat) or saline (5 µl) or were semi-restrained and exposed to cold (4°C) for 45 min. The visceromotor response (VMR) to graded phasic colorectal distensions (CRD) was monitored using non-invasive intracolonic pressure manometry. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 10 min before ICV RX-77368 or saline. Fecal pellet output was monitored for 1 h after ICV injection. RX-77368 ICV (10, 30 and 100 ng/rat) reduced significantly the VMR by 56.7%, 67.1% and 81.1% at 40 mmHg and by 30.3%, 58.9% and 87.4% at 60 mmHg respectively vs ICV saline. Naloxone reduced RX-77368 (30 and 100 ng, ICV) analgesic response by 51% and 28% at 40 mmHg and by 30% and 33% at 60 mmHg respectively, but had no effect per se. The visceral analgesia was mimicked by the acute exposure to cold. At the doses of 30 and 100 ng, ICV RX-77368 induced defecation within 30 min. These data established the antinociceptive action of RX-77368 injected ICV in a model of visceral pain induced by colonic distension through recruitment of both opioid and non-opioid dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA.
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
| | - Agata Mulak
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
| | - Henri Duboc
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
| | - Yvette Taché
- Digestive Diseases Research Center and G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA 90073, USA
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2
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Kwon J, Kim DY, Cho KJ, Hashimoto M, Matsuoka K, Kamijo T, Wang Z, Karnup S, Robertson AM, Tyagi P, Yoshimura N. Pathophysiology of Overactive Bladder and Pharmacologic Treatments Including β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists -Basic Research Perspectives. Int Neurourol J 2024; 28:12-33. [PMID: 38461853 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2448002.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom-based syndrome defined by urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia with or without urge incontinence. The causative pathology is diverse; including bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), bladder ischemia, aging, metabolic syndrome, psychological stress, affective disorder, urinary microbiome, localized and systemic inflammatory responses, etc. Several hypotheses have been suggested as mechanisms of OAB generation; among them, neurogenic, myogenic, and urothelial mechanisms are well-known hypotheses. Also, a series of local signals called autonomous myogenic contraction, micromotion, or afferent noises, which can occur during bladder filling, may be induced by the leak of acetylcholine (ACh) or urothelial release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They can be transmitted to the central nervous system through afferent fibers to trigger coordinated urgency-related detrusor contractions. Antimuscarinics, commonly known to induce smooth muscle relaxation by competitive blockage of muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic postganglionic nerve, have a minimal effect on detrusor contraction within therapeutic doses. In fact, they have a predominant role in preventing signals in the afferent nerve transmission process. β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists inhibit afferent signals by predominant inhibition of mechanosensitive Aδ-fibers in the normal bladder. However, in pathologic conditions such as spinal cord injury, it seems to inhibit capsaicin-sensitive C-fibers. Particularly, mirabegron, a β3-agonist, prevents ACh release in the BOO-induced detrusor overactivity model by parasympathetic prejunctional mechanisms. A recent study also revealed that vibegron may have 2 mechanisms of action: inhibition of ACh from cholinergic efferent nerves in the detrusor and afferent inhibition via urothelial β3-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbeom Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Leaders Urology Clinic, Daegu, Korea
| | - Duk Yoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tadanobu Kamijo
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne M Robertson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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McConn BR, Kpodo KR, Rivier JE, Behan DP, Richert BT, Radcliffe JS, Lay DC, Johnson JS. Interactions between corticotropin releasing factor signaling and prophylactic antibiotics on measures of intestinal function in weaned and transported pigs. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266409. [PMID: 37908333 PMCID: PMC10615255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the interaction between corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling and prophylactic antibiotic administration on intestinal physiology in newly weaned and transported pigs. Pigs (n = 56; 5.70 ± 1.05 kg) were weaned (20.49 ± 0.64 d), a blood sample was taken, and then pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection of saline (SAL; n = 28 pigs) or a CRF receptor antagonist (CRFA; n = 28 pigs; 30 μg/kg body weight; Astressin B), and then were transported in a livestock trailer for 12 h and 49 min. A second and third intraperitoneal injection was given at 4 h 42 min and 11 h 36 min into the transport process, respectively. Following transport, 4 SAL and 4 CRFA pigs were blood sampled and euthanized. The remaining 48 pigs were individually housed and given dietary antibiotics [AB; n = 12 SAL and 12 CRFA pigs; chlortetracycline (441 ppm) + tiamulin (38.6 ppm)] or no dietary antibiotics (NAB; n = 12 SAL and 12 CRFA pigs) for 14 d post-transport. Blood was collected at 12 h and on d 3, 7, and 14, and then pigs were euthanized on d 7 (n = 24) and d 14 (n = 24) post-weaning and transport. Circulating cortisol was reduced (p = 0.05) in CRFA pigs when compared to SAL pigs post-weaning and transport. On d 7, jejunal villus height and crypt depth was greater overall (p < 0.05) in AB-fed pigs versus NAB-fed pigs. On d 14, ileal crypt depth was reduced (p = 0.02) in CRFA pigs when compared to SAL pigs. Jejunal CRF mRNA abundance tended to be reduced (p = 0.09) on d 7 in CRFA pigs versus SAL pigs. On d 14, jejunal tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced (p = 0.01) in AB-fed pigs versus NAB-fed pigs. On d 7, change in glucose short-circuit current tended to be increased (p = 0.07) in CRFA pigs fed the AB diet when compared to CRFA pigs fed the NAB diet. In conclusion, CRFA pigs and pigs fed AB had some similar biological intestinal function measures post-weaning and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R. McConn
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Jean E. Rivier
- Sentia Medical Sciences Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Donald C. Lay
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jay S. Johnson
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Leigh SJ, Uhlig F, Wilmes L, Sanchez-Diaz P, Gheorghe CE, Goodson MS, Kelley-Loughnane N, Hyland NP, Cryan JF, Clarke G. The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota-gut-brain axis perspective. J Physiol 2023; 601:4491-4538. [PMID: 37756251 DOI: 10.1113/jp281951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic stress is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout the gut, although comparatively little is known about the effects of acute stress. Furthermore, these stress-induced changes in the gut may increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders and infection, and impact critical features of the neural and behavioural consequences of the stress response by impairing gut-brain axis communication. Understanding the mechanisms behind changes in enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, gut barrier function, permeability, and the gut microbiota following stress is an important research objective with pathophysiological implications in both neurogastroenterology and psychiatry. Moreover, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key aspect of physiology sensitive to the effects of stress. In this review, we focus on different aspects of the gastrointestinal tract including gut barrier function as well as the immune, humoral and neuronal elements involved in gut-brain communication. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence for a role of stress in gastrointestinal disorders. Existing gaps in the current literature are highlighted, and possible avenues for future research with an integrated physiological perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the integrated host and microbial response to different kinds of stressors in the gastrointestinal tract will enable full exploitation of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the fast-evolving field of host-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Friederike Uhlig
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lars Wilmes
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula Sanchez-Diaz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cassandra E Gheorghe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael S Goodson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Peng S, Xia Y, Wang Y, Yu X, Wu Z, Zhang L, Xu K, Shen L, Luo H. Research hotspots and trend analysis of abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease: a bibliometric and visualized analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220418. [PMID: 37808188 PMCID: PMC10552780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The study aimed to provide a bibliometric and visual analysis of research on abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease and discuss the current status, research hotspots, and future developments. Methods: We used the Web of Science Core Collection to comprehensively search the literature on abdominal pain-related research in IBD published between 2003 and 2022. The bibliometric and visual analysis was performed through CiteSpace, VOSviewer software, R language, and the bibliometric online analysis platform, including authors, institutions, countries, journals, references, and keywords in the literature. Results: A total of 3,503 relevant articles are included, indicating that the number of articles in this field has increased in recent years. The United States leads the way with a dominant position in terms of article output, followed by China and JAPAN. United States (967 articles), University of Calgary (98 articles), and World Journal of Gastroenterology (127 articles) are the top publishing countries, institutions, and journals, respectively; keyword analysis shows that gut microbiota, depression, stress, visceral hypersensitivity, and multidisciplinary approach are the hot spots and trends in this research area. Conclusion: Abdominal pain-related studies in IBD have received increasing attention in the past two decades. This study provides the first bibliometric analysis of papers in this research area using visualization software and data information mining. It provides insights into this field's current status, hot spots, and trends. However, many outstanding issues in this research area still need further exploration to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Larauche M, Erchegyi J, Miller C, Sim MS, Rivier J, Behan D, Taché Y. Peripheral CRF-R1/CRF-R2 antagonist, astressin C, induces a long-lasting blockade of acute stress-related visceral pain in male and female rats. Peptides 2022; 157:170881. [PMID: 36185037 PMCID: PMC10389693 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptide CRF antagonists injected peripherally alleviate stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SIVH) to colorectal distension (CRD) in rodents. Here we further evaluated the dose and time-dependent inhibitory activity of several long-acting peptide CRF receptor antagonists related to astressin on SIVH, focusing on astressin C (AstC), which previously showed high efficacy on stress-related alterations of HPA axis and gut secretomotor functions. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated subcutaneously (SC) with AstC were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with CRF 15 min later. The visceromotor responses (VMR) to graded phasic CRD (10, 20, 40 and 60 mmHg) were monitored at basal, 15 min and up to 1-8 days after pretreatment. Two other astressin analogs, hexanoyl-astressin D (Hex-AstD) and [CαMeVal19,32]-AstC, were also tested. The response to IP CRF was sex-dependent with female rats requiring a higher dose to exhibit visceral hyperalgesia. Pretreatment with AstC (30-1000 µg/kg) resulted in a dose-related inhibition of IP CRF-induced SIVH and diarrhea in both sexes. The highest dose prevented SIVH and diarrhea up to 5-7 days after a single SC injection and was lost on day 7 (females) and day 8 (males) but reinstated after a second injection of AstC on day 8 or 9 respectively. [CαMeVal19,32]-AstC and Hex-AstD (1000 µg/kg in males) also prevented SIVH. These data show the potent long-lasting anti-hyperalgesic effect of AstC in an acute model of SIVH in both male and female rats. This highlights the potential of long-acting peripheral CRF antagonists to treat stress-sensitive irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Myung Shin Sim
- Department of Medicine, Statistic Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean Rivier
- Sentia Medical Sciences, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Yvette Taché
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hata Y, Shimizu T, Zou S, Yamamoto M, Shimizu Y, Ono H, Aratake T, Shimizu S, Higashi Y, Shimizu N, Karashima T, Saito M. Stimulation of brain corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type1 facilitates the rat micturition via brain glutamatergic receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 607:54-59. [PMID: 35366544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a representative stress-related neuropeptide, in the central nervous system reportedly both facilitates and suppresses the micturition, therefore, roles of central CRF in regulation of the micturition are still controversial. In this study, we investigated (1) effects of intracerebroventricularly (icv)-administered CRF on the micturition, and (2) brain CRF receptor subtypes (CRFR1/CRFR2) and glutamatergic receptors (NMDA/AMPA subtypes) involved in the CRF-induced effects in male Wistar rats under urethane anesthesia. Intercontraction intervals (ICI), and maximal voiding pressure (MVP), were evaluated by continuous cystometry 45 min before CRF administration or intracerebroventricular pretreatment with other drugs as follows and 3 h after CRF administration. Single-voided volume (Vv), post-voiding residual volume (Rv), bladder capacity (BC), and voiding efficiency (VE) were evaluated by single cystometry 60 min before CRF administration and 60-120 min after the administration. Icv-administered CRF reduced ICI, Vv, and BC without changing MVP, Rv, or VE. The CRF-induced ICI reduction was attenuated by icv-pretreated CP154526 (CRFR1 antagonist), MK-801 (NMDA receptor antagonist), and DNQX (AMPA receptor antagonist), but not by K41498 (CRFR2 antagonist). These results indicate that stimulation of brain CRFR1 can be involved in facilitation of the rat micturition via brain NMDA/AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Hata
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan; Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Suo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan; Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ono
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan; Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takaaki Aratake
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Pelvic Floor Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Karashima
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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Lv Y, Wen J, Fang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1) antagonists: Promising agents to prevent visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Peptides 2022; 147:170705. [PMID: 34822913 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid polypeptide that coordinates the endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, immune system, and physiological behavior. CRF is a signaling regulator in the neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) network that mediates visceral hypersensitivity. Rodent models to simulate changes in intestinal motility similar to those reported in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), demonstrate that the CRF receptor 1 (CRF-R1) mediates intestinal hypersensitivity under many conditions. However, the translation of preclinical studies into clinical trials has not been successful possibly due to the lack of sufficient understanding of the multiple variants of CRF-R1 and CRF-R1 antagonists. Investigating the sites of action of central and peripheral CRF is critical for accelerating the translation from preclinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Lv
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Yingying Fang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Haoyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
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Takahashi K, Khwaja IG, Schreyer JR, Bulmer D, Peiris M, Terai S, Aziz Q. Post-inflammatory Abdominal Pain in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Remission: A Comprehensive Review. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2021; 3:otab073. [PMID: 36777266 PMCID: PMC9802269 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease often experience ongoing pain even after achieving mucosal healing (i.e., post-inflammatory pain). Factors related to the brain-gut axis, such as peripheral and central sensitization, altered sympatho-vagal balance, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, and psychosocial factors, play a significant role in the development of post-inflammatory pain. A comprehensive study investigating the interaction between multiple predisposing factors, including clinical psycho-physiological phenotypes, molecular mechanisms, and multi-omics data, is still needed to fully understand the complex mechanism of post-inflammatory pain. Furthermore, current treatment options are limited and new treatments consistent with the underlying pathophysiology are needed to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takahashi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Iman Geelani Khwaja
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jocelyn Rachel Schreyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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10
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West C, McVey Neufeld KA. Animal models of visceral pain and the role of the microbiome. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 10:100064. [PMID: 34151049 PMCID: PMC8190503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain refers to pain arising from the internal organs and is distinctly different from the expression and mechanisms of somatic pain. Diseases and disorders with increased visceral pain are associated with significantly reduced quality of life and incur large financial costs due to medical visits and lost work productivity. In spite of the notable burden of illness associated with those disorders involving increased visceral pain, and some knowledge regarding etiology, few successful therapeutics have emerged, and thus increased attention to animal models of visceral hypersensitivity is warranted in order to elucidate new treatment opportunities. Altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis communication is central to the comorbid gastrointestinal/psychiatric diseases of which increased visceral (intestinal) sensitivity is a hallmark. This has led to a particular focus on intestinal microbiome disruption and its potential role in the etiology of heightened visceral pain. Here we provide a review of studies examining models of heightened visceral pain due to altered bidirectional communication of the MGB axis, many of which are conducted on a background of stress exposure. We discuss work in which the intestinal microbiota has either been directly manipulated (as with germ-free, antibiotic, and fecal microbial transplantation studies) or indirectly affected through early life or adult stress, inflammation, and infection. Animal models of visceral pain alterations with accompanying changes to the intestinal microbiome have the highest face and construct validity to the human condition and are the focus of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine West
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Yamato S, Kurematsu A, Amano T, Ariga H, Ando T, Komaki G, Wada K. Urocortin 1: A putative excitatory neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13842. [PMID: 32196844 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urocortin 1 (Ucn1), a stress-related peptide, is a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family and acts as a CRF1 receptor agonist. Ucn1 and CRF1 receptor immunoreactivity are present in the enteric nervous system (ENS), and Ucn1 elicits contraction of colonic muscle strips. Considering these findings, we have hypothesized that Ucn1 acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the ENS. The present study was conducted to determine whether exogenously applied Ucn1 causes contractions, whether it participates in neurally mediated contraction, and whether it is released from the ENS of the rat colon. METHODS Isometric tension of the rat colonic muscle strips (middle to distal colon) in a longitudinal direction was measured. The effects of Ucn1 on phasic contractions were examined in the absence and presence of antalarmin (CRF1 receptor antagonist), tetrodotoxin (TTX), and atropine. The effects of antalarmin on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions were examined in the absence and presence of atropine. Ucn1 peptide in the bath solution was measured after EFS using an EIA kit. KEY RESULTS Ucn1 caused a significant and dose-dependent increase in phasic contractions. These effects were completely inhibited by antalarmin, TTX, and atropine. EFS-induced contractions were inhibited by antalarmin. Atropine markedly reduced EFS-induced contractions, and antalarmin did not decrease these contractions further. EFS elicited a significant increase in the concentration of Ucn1 in the bath solution, and this increase was completely inhibited by TTX. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES These results suggest that Ucn1 acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the ENS enhancing the cholinergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kurematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Amano
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Ariga
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Komaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ji Y, Hu B, Klontz C, Li J, Dessem D, Dorsey SG, Traub RJ. Peripheral mechanisms contribute to comorbid visceral hypersensitivity induced by preexisting orofacial pain and stress in female rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13833. [PMID: 32155308 PMCID: PMC7319894 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exacerbates many chronic pain syndromes including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Among these patient populations, many suffer from comorbid or chronic overlapping pain conditions and are predominantly female. Nevertheless, basic studies investigating chronic psychological stress-induced changes in pain sensitivity have been mostly carried out in male rodents. Our laboratory developed a model of comorbid pain hypersensitivity (CPH) (stress in the presence of preexisting orofacial pain inducing chronic visceral pain hypersensitivity that significantly outlasts transient stress-induced pain hypersensitivity (SIH)) facilitating the study of pain associated with IBS. Since CPH and SIH are phenotypically similar until SIH resolves and CPH persists, it is unclear if underlying mechanisms are similar. METHODS In the present study, the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention was recorded in the SIH and CPH models in intact females and ovariectomized rats plus estradiol replacement (OVx + E2). Over several months, rats were determined to be susceptible or resilient to stress and the role of peripheral corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) underlying in the pain hypersensitivity was examined. KEY RESULTS Stress alone induced transient (3-4 weeks) visceral hypersensitivity, though some rats were resilient. Comorbid conditions increased susceptibility to stress prolonging hypersensitivity beyond 13 weeks. Both models had robust peripheral components; hypersensitivity was attenuated by the CRF receptor antagonist astressin and the mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). However, DSCG was less effective in the CPH model compared to the SIH model. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The data indicate many similarities but some differences in mechanisms contributing to comorbid pain conditions compared to transient stress-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ji
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,Present address:
Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchXi’an Jiao Tong University College of StomatologyXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Charles Klontz
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jiyun Li
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Dean Dessem
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain ResearchUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain ResearchUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,Department of Pain and Translational Symptom ScienceSchool of NursingUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Richard J. Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain ResearchUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
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13
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Kozakai Y, Hori K, Aye-Mon A, Okuda H, Harada SI, Hayashi K, Ozaki N. The role of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor signaling in a rat model of stress-induced gastric hyperalgesia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:797-802. [PMID: 31558322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder associated with persistent or recurrent upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as pain without any obvious pathological changes. Psychological and psychiatric factors might have a pathogenic role in FD. Changes in the sensation of stomach pain were determined after application of stress to adult rats. The involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), Type 2 CRF receptor (CRF2) and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) was also investigated in the gastric hyperalgesia observed in this model. RESULTS Repeated water avoidance stress (WA-S) produced gastric hyperalgesia, with no obvious lesions in the gastric mucosa. Gastric hyperalgesia was inhibited by CRF and CRF2 antagonists, suggesting their involvement in gastric hyperalgesia observed after application of stress. Gastric hyperalgesia was inhibited by IL-6 neutralizing antibody. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated CRF, CRF2, urocortin (Ucn)1, and Ucn2-positive cells in the gastric mucosa. CRF2-positive cells increased after WA-S, compared to sham stress. CRF2 and Ucn2 were expressed in the mast cells in the gastric mucosa. CONCLUSIONS CRF2 plays an important role in gastric hyperalgesia produced by stress. CRF2 signaling may be a useful therapeutic target for functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kozakai
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Aye Aye-Mon
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine (1), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Harada
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Koei Hayashi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
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14
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Huang CS, Sun YH, Wang YT, Pan YH, Huang YC, Hsu CM, Tsai YF. Repeated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of nonspecific acupoints of the upper body attenuates stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Auton Neurosci 2019; 220:102556. [PMID: 31331689 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common stress-related gastrointestinal disorder and visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is characteristically found in IBS patients. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to certain acupoints has been shown to benefit IBS patients. Here, we investigated whether nonspecific acupoint is involved in the efficacy of TENS treatment for IBS. Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one sham-control group. The four experimental groups were defined as TENS-RR, TENS-RL, TENS-LR, and TENS-LL based on the location of the two TENS patches [right (R) or left (L)]. The former and latter letter pairs indicate that the patch locations were the upper chest and upper back, respectively. The heterotypic intermittent stress (HIS) protocol was performed for 16 days. VH was assessed by electromyography to evaluate response to rectal distention (RD). Modulated medium-frequency TENS, sweep range 1-10 Hz, amplitude slightly above the supra motor threshold, was applied 30 min per day followed by RD every second day for the final 7 days of the 16-day HIS period. VH was induced after the rats had been subjected to HIS for 10 days. A significant reduction of VH was observed only in the TENS-LL group compared with that in the sham-control group. These data suggest that repeated TENS treatment can alleviate stress-induced VH in rats. Further, whether TENS patches are attached to the left or right side of the body, which are nonspecific acupoints for gastrointestinal functions, may be an important factor in the treatment of stress-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Huang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Hui Sun
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hung Pan
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chia Huang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ming Hsu
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Feen Tsai
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Larauche M, Moussaoui N, Biraud M, Bae W, Duboc H, Million M, Taché Y. Brain corticotropin-releasing factor signaling: Involvement in acute stress-induced visceral analgesia in male rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13489. [PMID: 30298965 PMCID: PMC6347489 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water avoidance stress (WAS) induces a naloxone-independent visceral analgesia in male rats under non-invasive conditions of monitoring. The objective of the study was to examine the role of brain CRF signaling in acute stress-induced visceral analgesia (SIVA). METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically implanted with an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula. The visceromotor response (VMR) to graded phasic colorectal distension (CRD: 10, 20, 40, 60 mm Hg, 20 seconds, 4 minutes intervals) was monitored using manometry. The VMR to a first CRD (baseline) was recorded 5 minutes after an ICV saline injection, followed 1 hour later by ICV injection of either CRF (30, 100, or 300 ng and 1, 3, or 5 μg/rat) or saline and a second CRD, 5 minutes later. Receptor antagonists against CRF1 /CRF2 (astressin-B, 30 μg/rat), CRF2 (astressin2 -B, 10 μg/rat), oxytocin (tocinoic acid, 20 μg/rat), or vehicle were injected ICV 5 minutes before CRF (300 ng/rat, ICV) or 15 minutes before WAS (1 hour). KEY RESULTS ICV CRF (100 and 300 ng) reduced the VMR to CRD at 60 mm Hg by -36.6% ± 6.8% and -48.7% ± 11.7%, respectively, vs baseline (P < 0.001), while other doses had no effect and IP CRF (10 µg/kg) induced visceral hyperalgesia. Astressin-B and tocinoic acid injected ICV induced hyperalgesia and prevented the analgesic effect of ICV CRF (300 ng/rat) and WAS, while astressin2 -B only blocked WAS-induced SIVA. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These data support a role for brain CRF signaling via CRF2 in SIVA in a model of WAS and CRD likely mediated by the activation of brain oxytocin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Larauche
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, G Oppenheimer Center for
Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center,
Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA,
United States
| | - N. Moussaoui
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, G Oppenheimer Center for
Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center,
Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA,
United States,Present address: Inserm U1048/I2MC Obesity Research
Laboratory, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès BP 84225 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4,
France
| | - M. Biraud
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, G Oppenheimer Center for
Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center,
Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA,
United States,Present address: 1060 William Moore drive CVM Main
Building, RM C305, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - W.K. Bae
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, G Oppenheimer Center for
Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center,
Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA,
United States,Present address: Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan
Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - H. Duboc
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, G Oppenheimer Center for
Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center,
Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA,
United States,Present address: CRI INSERM UMR 1149, University Paris
Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité and DHU Unity, APHP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - M. Million
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, G Oppenheimer Center for
Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center,
Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA,
United States
| | - Y. Taché
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, G Oppenheimer Center for
Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center,
Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA,
United States
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16
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Tache Y, Larauche M, Yuan PQ, Million M. Brain and Gut CRF Signaling: Biological Actions and Role in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2018; 11:51-71. [PMID: 28240194 DOI: 10.2174/1874467210666170224095741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) pathways coordinate behavioral, endocrine, autonomic and visceral responses to stress. Convergent anatomical, molecular, pharmacological and functional experimental evidence supports a key role of brain CRF receptor (CRF-R) signaling in stress-related alterations of gastrointestinal functions. These include the inhibition of gastric acid secretion and gastric-small intestinal transit, stimulation of colonic enteric nervous system and secretorymotor function, increase intestinal permeability, and visceral hypersensitivity. Brain sites of CRF actions to alter gut motility encompass the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, locus coeruleus complex and the dorsal motor nucleus while those modulating visceral pain are localized in the hippocampus and central amygdala. Brain CRF actions are mediated through the autonomic nervous system (decreased gastric vagal and increased sacral parasympathetic and sympathetic activities). The activation of brain CRF-R2 subtype inhibits gastric motor function while CRF-R1 stimulates colonic secretomotor function and induces visceral hypersensitivity. CRF signaling is also located within the gut where CRF-R1 activates colonic myenteric neurons, mucosal cells secreting serotonin, mucus, prostaglandin E2, induces mast cell degranulation, enhances mucosal permeability and propulsive motor functions and induces visceral hyperalgesia in animals and humans. CRF-R1 antagonists prevent CRF- and stressrelated gut alterations in rodents while not influencing basal state. DISCUSSION These preclinical studies contrast with the limited clinical positive outcome of CRF-R1 antagonists to alleviate stress-sensitive functional bowel diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. CONCLUSION The translational potential of CRF-R1 antagonists in gut diseases will require additional studies directed to novel anti-CRF therapies and the neurobiology of brain-gut interactions under chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Tache
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
| | - Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
| | - Pu-Qing Yuan
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
| | - Mulugeta Million
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
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17
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Morales-Soto W, Gulbransen BD. Enteric Glia: A New Player in Abdominal Pain. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:433-445. [PMID: 30739868 PMCID: PMC6369218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain is the most common gastrointestinal issue and contributes to the pathophysiology of functional bowel disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. Current theories suggest that neuronal plasticity and broad alterations along the brain-gut axis contribute to the development of chronic abdominal pain, but the specific mechanisms involved in chronic abdominal pain remain incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence implicates glial cells in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system and satellite glia in dorsal root ganglia contribute to chronic pain states through reactive gliosis, the modification of glial networks, and the synthesis and release of neuromodulators. In addition, new data suggest that enteric glia, a unique type of peripheral glia found within the enteric nervous system, have the potential to modify visceral perception through interactions with neurons and immune cells. Understanding these emerging roles of enteric glia is important to fully understand the mechanisms that drive chronic pain and to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss enteric glial cell signaling mechanisms that have the potential to influence chronic abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian D. Gulbransen
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Brian D. Gulbransen, PhD, Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. fax: (517) 355-5125.
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18
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Creekmore AL, Hong S, Zhu S, Xue J, Wiley JW. Chronic stress-associated visceral hyperalgesia correlates with severity of intestinal barrier dysfunction. Pain 2018; 159:1777-1789. [PMID: 29912860 PMCID: PMC6097612 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In humans, chronic psychological stress is associated with increased intestinal paracellular permeability and visceral hyperalgesia, which is recapitulated in the chronic intermittent water avoidance stress (WAS) rat model. However, it is unknown whether enhanced visceral pain and permeability are intrinsically linked and correlate. Treatment of rats with lubiprostone during WAS significantly reduced WAS-induced changes in intestinal epithelial paracellular permeability and visceral hyperalgesia in a subpopulation of rats. Lubiprostone also prevented WAS-induced decreases in the epithelial tight junction protein, occludin (Ocln). To address the question of whether the magnitude of visceral pain correlates with the extent of altered intestinal permeability, we measured both end points in the same animal because of well-described individual differences in pain response. Our studies demonstrate that visceral pain and increased colon permeability positively correlate (0.6008, P = 0.0084). Finally, exposure of the distal colon in control animals to Ocln siRNA in vivo revealed that knockdown of Ocln protein inversely correlated with increased paracellular permeability and enhanced visceral pain similar to the levels observed in WAS-responsive rats. These data support that Ocln plays a potentially significant role in the development of stress-induced increased colon permeability. We believe this is the first demonstration that the level of chronic stress-associated visceral hyperalgesia directly correlates with the magnitude of altered colon epithelial paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John W. Wiley
- Corresponding Author: John W Wiley, MD, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, 9301A MSRB III, Ann Arbor MI 48109-5648, 734-615-6621,
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19
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Experimental Models of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Enteric Neurotransmission. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7010004. [PMID: 29301333 PMCID: PMC5791012 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases in humans. It is characterized by visceral pain and/or discomfort, hypersensitivity and abnormal motor responses along with change in gut habits. Although the etio-pathogenesis of IBS is only partially understood, a main role has been attributed to psychosocial stress of different origin. Animal models such as neonatal maternal separation, water avoidance stress and wrap restraint stress have been developed as psychosocial stressors in the attempt to reproduce the IBS symptomatology and identify the cellular mechanisms responsible for the disease. The study of these models has led to the production of drugs potentially useful for IBS treatment. This review intends to give an overview on the results obtained with the animal models; to emphasize the role of the enteric nervous system in IBS appearance and evolution and as a possible target of drug therapies.
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20
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Nozu T, Miyagishi S, Nozu R, Takakusaki K, Okumura T. Repeated water avoidance stress induces visceral hypersensitivity: Role of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1958-1965. [PMID: 28299830 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) induces visceral hypersensitivity. Additionally, it is also known to activate corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), mast cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines systems, but their precise roles on visceral sensation have not been determined definitely. The aim of the study was to explore this issue. METHODS Abdominal muscle contractions induced by colonic balloon distention, that is, visceromotor response (VMR) was detected electrophysiologically in conscious rats. WAS or sham stress as control for 1 h daily was loaded, and the threshold of VMR was determined before and at 24 h after the stress. RESULTS Repeated WAS for three consecutive days reduced the threshold of VMR, but sham stress did not induce any change. Astressin, a CRF receptor antagonist (50 μg/kg) intraperitoneally (ip) at 10 min before each WAS session, prevented the visceral allodynia, but the antagonist (200 μg/kg) ip at 30 min and 15 h before measurement of the threshold after completing 3-day stress session did not modify the response. Ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer (3 mg/kg), anakinra, an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (20 mg/kg) or IL-6 antibody (16.6 μg/kg) ip for two times before the measurement abolished the response. CONCLUSIONS Repeated WAS for three consecutive days induced visceral allodynia, which was mediated through mast cells, IL-1, and IL-6 pathways. Inhibition of peripheral CRF signaling prevented but did not reverse this response, suggesting that peripheral CRF may be an essential trigger but may not contribute to the maintenance of repeated WAS-induced visceral allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saori Miyagishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rintaro Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takakusaki
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Law IKM, Padua DM, Iliopoulos D, Pothoulakis C. Role of G protein-coupled receptors-microRNA interactions in gastrointestinal pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G361-G372. [PMID: 28774868 PMCID: PMC5792214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00144.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up the largest transmembrane receptor superfamily in the human genome and are expressed in nearly all gastrointestinal cell types. Coupling of GPCRs and their respective ligands activates various phosphotransferases in the cytoplasm, and, thus, activation of GPCR signaling in intestine regulates many cellular and physiological processes. Studies in microRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate that they represent critical epigenetic regulators of different pathophysiological responses in different organs and cell types in humans and animals. Here, we reviewed recent research on GPCR-miRNA interactions related to gastrointestinal pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancers. Given that the presence of different types of cells in the gastrointestinal tract suggests the importance of cell-cell interactions in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis, we also discuss how GPCR-miRNA interactions regulate gene expression at the cellular level and subsequently modulate gastrointestinal pathophysiology through molecular regulatory circuits and cell-cell interactions. These studies helped identify novel molecular pathways leading to the discovery of potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Ka Man Law
- 1Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David Miguel Padua
- 1Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- 1Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and ,2Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
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22
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Boeckxstaens GE, Wouters MM. Neuroimmune factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders: A focus on irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28027594 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal abdominal pain perception is the most bothersome and difficult to treat symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Visceral pain stimuli are perceived and transmitted by afferent neurons residing in the dorsal root ganglia that have sensory nerve endings in the gut wall and mesentery. Accumulating evidence indicates that peripheral activation and sensitization of these sensory nerve endings by bioactive mediators released by activated immune cells, in particular mast cells, can lead to aberrant neuroimmune interactions and the development and maintenance of visceral hypersensitivity. Besides direct neuronal activation, low concentrations of proteases, histamine, and serotonin can chronically sensitize nociceptors, such as TRP channels, leading to persistent aberrant pain perception. PURPOSE This review discusses the potential mechanisms underlying aberrant neuroimmune interactions in peripheral sensitization of sensory nerves. A better understanding of the cells, mediators, and molecular mechanisms triggering persistent aberrant neuroimmune interactions brings new insights into their contribution to the physiology and pathophysiology of visceral pain perception and provides novel opportunities for more efficient therapeutic treatments for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M M Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Chronic social stress in pigs impairs intestinal barrier and nutrient transporter function, and alters neuro-immune mediator and receptor expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171617. [PMID: 28170426 PMCID: PMC5295718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is a major factor driving gastrointestinal (GI) pathophysiology and disease susceptibility in humans and animals. The mechanisms governing susceptibility to stress-induced GI disease remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the influence of chronic social stress (CSS) in pigs, induced by 7 d of chronic mixing/crowding stress, on intestinal barrier and nutrient transport function, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling and immunological responses. Results from this study showed that CSS resulted in a significant impairment of ileal and colonic barrier function indicated by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the ileum and increased FD4 flux in the ileum (by 0.8 fold) and colon (by 0.7 fold). Ileal sodium glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT-1) function, measured as glucose-induced changes in short-circuit current (Isc), was diminished (by 52%) in CSS pigs, associated with reduced body weight gain and feed efficiency. Although reductions in SGLT-1 function were observed in CSS pigs, mRNA expression for SGLT-1, villus heights were increased in CSS pigs. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) mRNA was upregulated (by 0.9 fold) in the ileum of CSS pigs but not in the colon. Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) mRNA was upregulated (by 1.5 fold) in the colon of CSS pigs, but not in the ileum. In CSS pigs, a downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA (IL1B, TNFA, IL8, and IL6) was observed in both ileum and colon, compared with controls. In contrast CSS induced a marked upregulation of mRNA for IL10 and mast cell chymase gene (CMA1) in the ileum and colon. Together, these data demonstrate that chronic stress in pigs results in significant alterations in intestinal barrier and nutrient transport function and neuro-immune mediator and receptor expression.
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24
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Moloney RD, Johnson AC, Vicario M. Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Visceral Pain: Implications in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26749172 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain is a term describing pain originating from the internal organs of the body and is a common feature of many disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Stress is implicated in the development and exacerbation of many visceral pain disorders. Recent evidence suggests that stress and the gut microbiota can interact through complementary or opposing factors to influence visceral nociceptive behaviours. The Young Investigator Forum at the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology (ISPNE) annual meeting reported experimental evidence suggesting the gut microbiota can affect the stress response to affect visceral pain. Building upon human imaging data showing abnormalities in the central processing of visceral stimuli in patients with IBS and knowledge that the amygdala plays a pivotal role in facilitating the stress axis, the latest experimental evidence supporting amygdala-mediated mechanisms in stress-induced visceral pain was reviewed. The final part of the session at ISPNE reviewed experimental evidence suggesting that visceral pain in IBS may be a result, at least in part, of afferent nerve sensitisation following increases in epithelial permeability and mucosal immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- V.A. Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - R D Moloney
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M Vicario
- Department of Gastroenterology, Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology Laboratory, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
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Fuentes IM, Walker NK, Pierce AN, Holt BR, Di Silvestro ER, Christianson JA. Neonatal maternal separation increases susceptibility to experimental colitis and acute stress exposure in male mice. IBRO Rep 2016; 1:10-18. [PMID: 28164167 PMCID: PMC5289700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing early life stress can result in maladjusted stress response via dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serves as a risk factor for developing chronic pelvic pain disorders. We investigated whether neonatal maternal separation (NMS) would increase susceptibility to experimental colitis or exposure to acute or chronic stress. Male mice underwent NMS from postnatal day 1-21 and as adults were assessed for open field behavior, hindpaw sensitivity, and visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). VMR was also measured before and after treatment with intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or exposure to acute or chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, proinflammatory gene and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor expression were measured in distal colon. Baseline VMR was not affected by NMS, but undergoing CRD increased anxiety-like behaviors and mechanical hindpaw sensitivity of NMS mice. Treatment with TNBS dose-dependently decreased body weight and survival only in NMS mice. Following TNBS treatment, IL-6 and artemin mRNA levels were decreased in the distal colon of NMS mice, despite increased MPO activity. A single WAS exposure increased VMR during CRD in NMS mice and increased IL-6 mRNA and CRF2 protein levels in the distal colon of naïve mice, whereas CRF2 protein levels were heightened in NMS colon both at baseline and post-WAS exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that NMS in mice disrupts inflammatory- and stress-induced gene expression in the colon, potentially contributing towards an exaggerated response to specific stressors later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Fuentes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Natalie K Walker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Angela N Pierce
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Briana R Holt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Elizabeth R Di Silvestro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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Nozu T, Miyagishi S, Nozu R, Takakusaki K, Okumura T. Water avoidance stress induces visceral hyposensitivity through peripheral corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 and central dopamine D2 receptor in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:522-31. [PMID: 26662216 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water avoidance stress (WAS) is reported to induce functional changes in visceral sensory function in rodents, but the results which have been demonstrated so far are not consistent, i.e., hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity. We determined the effect of WAS on visceral sensation and evaluated the mechanisms of the action. METHODS Visceral sensation was assessed by abdominal muscle contractions induced by colonic balloon distention, i.e., visceromotor response (VMR), measured electrophysiologically in conscious rats. The electromyogram electrodes were acutely implanted under anesthesia on the day of the experiment. The threshold of VMR was measured before and after WAS for 1 h. To explore the mechanisms of WAS-induced response, drugs were administered 10 min prior to the initiation of WAS. KEY RESULTS WAS significantly increased the threshold of VMR, and this effect was no longer detected at 24 h after. Intraperitoneal injection of astressin2 -B (200 μg/kg), a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor type 2 antagonist abolished the response by WAS. Subcutaneous (sc) injection of sulpiride (200 mg/kg), a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist blocked the response, while sc domperidone (10 mg/kg), a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist did not alter it. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc), an opioid antagonist did not modify it either. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES WAS induced visceral hyposensitivity through peripheral CRF receptor type 2 and central dopamine D2 receptor, but not through opioid pathways. As altered pain inhibitory system was reported to be observed in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome, CRF and dopamine signaling might contribute to the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - S Miyagishi
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - R Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - K Takakusaki
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - T Okumura
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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27
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Pierce AN, Di Silvestro ER, Eller OC, Wang R, Ryals JM, Christianson JA. Urinary bladder hypersensitivity and dysfunction in female mice following early life and adult stress. Brain Res 2016; 1639:58-73. [PMID: 26940840 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early adverse events have been shown to increase the incidence of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in adulthood. Despite high clinical relevance and reports of stress-related symptom exacerbation, animal models investigating the contribution of early life stress to female urological pain are lacking. We examined the impact of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) on bladder sensitivity and visceral neuroimmune status both prior-to, and following, water avoidance stress (WAS) in adult female mice. The visceromotor response to urinary bladder distension was increased at baseline and 8d post-WAS in NMS mice, while colorectal sensitivity was transiently increased 1d post-WAS only in naïve mice. Bladder micturition rate and output, but not fecal output, were also significantly increased following WAS in NMS mice. Changes in gene expression involved in regulating the stress response system were observed at baseline and following WAS in NMS mice, and WAS reduced serum corticosterone levels. Cytokine and growth factor mRNA levels in the bladder, and to a lesser extent in the colon, were significantly impacted by NMS and WAS. Peripheral mRNA levels of stress-responsive receptors were differentially influenced by early life and adult stress in bladder, but not colon, of naïve and NMS mice. Histological evidence of mast cell degranulation was increased in NMS bladder, while protein levels of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) were increased by WAS. Together, this study provides new insight into mechanisms contributing to stress associated symptom onset or exacerbation in patients exposed to early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Pierce
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3038, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Di Silvestro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3038, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Olivia C Eller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3038, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3038, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Janelle M Ryals
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3038, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 3038, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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28
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Sand E, Linninge C, Lozinska L, Egecioglu E, Roth B, Molin G, Weström B, Ekblad E, Ohlsson B. Buserelin treatment to rats causes enteric neurodegeneration with moderate effects on CRF-immunoreactive neurons and Enterobacteriaceae in colon, and in acetylcholine-mediated permeability in ileum. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:824. [PMID: 26710832 PMCID: PMC4693429 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog buserelin causes enteric neuronal loss. Acute stress or injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) affects motility, secretion, and barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study was to characterize the CRF immunoreactivity in enteric neurons after buserelin treatment, and to evaluate possible effects of enteric neuropathy on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and stress response behavior. Results Sixty rats were given buserelin (20 μg) or saline subcutaneously for 5 days, repeated four times with 3 weeks in-between. At the study end, enteric neuronal density, enteric expression of CRF, gut microbial composition, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and CRF were analyzed. Intestinal permeability was examined in Ussing chambers and the reaction to stressful events was measured by behavior tests. Buserelin treatment reduced the number of neurons along the entire gastrointestinal tract, with increased relative numbers of CRF-immunoreactive submucosal and myenteric neurons in colon (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The overall microbial diversity and relative abundance did not differ between groups, but Enterobacteriaceae was decreased in colon in buserelin-treated rats (p = 0.020). Basal intestinal permeability did not differ between groups, whereas carbachol stimulation increased ileum permeability in controls (p < 0.05), but not in buserelin-treated rats. Buserelin did not affect stress behavior. Conclusions Although buserelin treatment leads to enteric neuronal loss along the gastrointestinal tract with an increased percentage of CRF-immunoreactive neurons in colon, the physiology is well preserved, with modest effects on colon microbiota and absence of carbachol-induced permeability in ileum as the only observed changes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1800-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sand
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Caroline Linninge
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Liudmyla Lozinska
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emil Egecioglu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Roth
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Göran Molin
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Björn Weström
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Eva Ekblad
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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29
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Abstract
Visceral pain is a highly complex entity whose experience is variable in health and disease. It can occur in patients with organic disease and also in those without any readily identifiable structural or biochemical abnormality such as in the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the culpable underlying mechanisms significant knowledge gaps remain, representing a significant unmet need in gastroenterology. A key, but not universal, pathological feature is that patients with FGID often display heightened sensitivity to experimental gut stimulation, termed visceral hypersensitivity. A plethora of factors have been proposed to account for this epiphenomenon including peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, aberrant central processing, genetic, psychological and abnormalities within the stress responsive systems. Further research is needed, bringing together complementary research themes from a diverse array of academic disciplines ranging from gastroenterology to nociceptive physiology to functional neuro-imaging, to address this unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Farmer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shrewsbury & Telford Hospitals NHS Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford, Shropshire, UK ; Neurogastroenterology Group, Blizard Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Neurogastroenterology Group, Blizard Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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30
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Fitzgibbon M, Finn DP, Roche M. High Times for Painful Blues: The Endocannabinoid System in Pain-Depression Comorbidity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv095. [PMID: 26342110 PMCID: PMC4815466 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and pain are two of the most debilitating disorders worldwide and have an estimated cooccurrence of up to 80%. Comorbidity of these disorders is more difficult to treat, associated with significant disability and impaired health-related quality of life than either condition alone, resulting in enormous social and economic cost. Several neural substrates have been identified as potential mediators in the association between depression and pain, including neuroanatomical reorganization, monoamine and neurotrophin depletion, dysregulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and neuroinflammation. However, the past decade has seen mounting evidence supporting a role for the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system in affective and nociceptive processing, and thus, alterations in this system may play a key role in reciprocal interactions between depression and pain. This review will provide an overview of the preclinical evidence supporting an interaction between depression and pain and the evidence supporting a role for the endocannabinoid system in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology (Ms Fitzgibbon and Dr Roche), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Dr Finn), School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research (Ms Fitzgibbon, Dr Finn, and Dr Roche), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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31
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Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 and type 2 interaction in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:819-30. [PMID: 25962711 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) displays chronic abdominal pain or discomfort with altered defecation, and stress-induced altered gut motility and visceral sensation play an important role in the pathophysiology. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a main mediator of stress responses and mediates these gastrointestinal functional changes. CRF in brain and periphery acts through two subtype receptors such as CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) and type 2 (CRF2), and activating CRF1 exclusively stimulates colonic motor function and induces visceral hypersensitivity. Meanwhile, several recent studies have demonstrated that CRF2 has a counter regulatory action against CRF1, which may imply that CRF2 inhibits stress response induced by CRF1 in order to prevent it from going into an overdrive state. Colonic contractility and sensation may be explained by the state of the intensity of CRF1 signaling. CRF2 signaling may play a role in CRF1-triggered enhanced colonic functions through modulation of CRF1 activity. Blocking CRF2 further enhances CRF-induced stimulation of colonic contractility and activating CRF2 inhibits stress-induced visceral sensitization. Therefore, we proposed the hypothesis, i.e., balance theory of CRF1 and CRF2 signaling as follows. Both CRF receptors may be activated simultaneously and the signaling balance of CRF1 and CRF2 may determine the functional changes of gastrointestinal tract induced by stress. CRF signaling balance might be abnormally shifted toward CRF1, leading to enhanced colonic motility and visceral sensitization in IBS. This theory may lead to understanding the pathophysiology and provide the novel therapeutic options targeting altered signaling balance of CRF1 and CRF2 in IBS.
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32
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Johnson AC, Tran L, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Knockdown of corticotropin-releasing factor in the central amygdala reverses persistent viscerosomatic hyperalgesia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e517. [PMID: 25734510 PMCID: PMC4354346 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nociception is exacerbated by chronic stress through an unknown mechanism. The amygdala is a key nucleus involved in the autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stress. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that prolonged exposure of the central amygdala (CeA) to stress or the stress hormone cortisol (or corticosterone in rats) induces nociceptive behaviors mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) within the CeA. We selectively knocked down CRF in the CeA via antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASO) in animals with targeted, stereotaxically placed corticosterone (CORT) micropellets or following repeated water avoidance stress (WAS). CRF expression in the CeA was analyzed concurrently with the assessment of visceral hypersensitivity to colonic distension and mechanical somatic withdrawal threshold. The responses were characterized at 7 or 28 days post implantation of the CORT micropellet or following 7 days of WAS. Exposure of the CeA to elevated CORT or WAS increased CRF expression and heightened visceral and somatic sensitivity. Infusion of CRF ASO into the CeA decreased CRF expression and attenuated visceral and somatic hypersensitivity in both models. Our study provides important evidence for a CRF-mediated mechanism specifically within the CeA that regulates stress-induced visceral and somatic nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L Tran
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - B Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,VA Medical Center, Research Administration Room 151G, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. E-mail:
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Taché Y, Million M. Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor Signaling in Stress-related Alterations of Colonic Motility and Hyperalgesia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:8-24. [PMID: 25611064 PMCID: PMC4288101 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling systems encompass CRF and the structurally related peptide urocortin (Ucn) 1, 2, and 3 along with 2 G-protein coupled receptors, CRF1 and CRF2. CRF binds with high and moderate affinity to CRF1 and CRF2 receptors, respectively while Ucn1 is a high-affinity agonist at both receptors, and Ucn2 and Ucn3 are selective CRF2 agonists. The CRF systems are expressed in both the brain and the colon at the gene and protein levels. Experimental studies established that the activation of CRF1 pathway in the brain or the colon recaptures cardinal features of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (stimulation of colonic motility, activation of mast cells and serotonin, defecation/watery diarrhea, and visceral hyperalgesia). Conversely, selective CRF1 antagonists or CRF1/CRF2 antagonists, abolished or reduced exogenous CRF and stress-induced stimulation of colonic motility, defecation, diarrhea and colonic mast cell activation and visceral hyperalgesia to colorectal distention. By contrast, the CRF2 signaling in the colon dampened the CRF1 mediated stimulation of colonic motor function and visceral hyperalgesia. These data provide a conceptual framework that sustained activation of the CRF1 system at central and/or peripheral sites may be one of the underlying basis of IBS-diarrhea symptoms. While targeting these mechanisms by CRF1 antagonists provided a relevant novel therapeutic venue, so far these promising preclinical data have not translated into therapeutic use of CRF1 antagonists. Whether the existing or newly developed CRF1 antagonists will progress to therapeutic benefits for stress-sensitive diseases including IBS for a subset of patients is still a work in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Taché
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mulugeta Million
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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TACHÉ Y. Corticotrophin-releasing factor 1 activation in the central amygdale and visceral hyperalgesia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1-6. [PMID: 25557223 PMCID: PMC4389773 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-CRF1 receptor in the brain plays a key role in stress-related alterations of behavior including anxiety/depression, and autonomic and visceral functions. In particular, CRF1 signaling mediates hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD) in various models (early life adverse events, repeated psychological stress, chronic high anxiety, postcolonic inflammation, or repeated nociceptive CRD). So far, knowledge of brain sites involved is limited. A recent article demonstrates in rats that CRF microinjected into the central amygdala (CeA) induces a hyperalgesic response to CRD and enhances the noradrenaline and dopamine levels at this site. The visceral and noradrenaline, unlike dopamine, responses were blocked by a CRF1 antagonist injected into the CeA. Here, we review the emerging role that CRF-CRF1 signaling plays in the CeA to induce visceral hypersensitivity. In the somatic pain field, CRF in the CeA was shown to induce pain sensitization. This is mediated by the activation of postsynaptic CRF1 receptors and protein kinase A signaling that increases N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor neurotransmission. In addition, the activation of tetraethylamonium-sensitive ion channels such as Kv3 accelerates repolarization and firing rate. Whether facilitation of pain transmission underlies CRF action in the CeA-induced visceral hypersensitivity will need to be delineated. CRF1 signaling in the CeA is also an important component of the neuronal circuitry inducing anxiety-like behavior and positioned at the interphase of the reciprocal relationship between pain and affective state. The hyperactivity of this system may represent the neuroanatomical and biochemical substrate contributing to the coexpression of hypersensitivity to CRD and mood disorders in subsets of irritable bowel syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. TACHÉ
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Women’s Health and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that carry out protective roles against pathogens. In disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease, these granulocytes release a diverse array of mediators that contribute to inflammatory processes. They also participate in wound repair and tissue remodeling. In this review, the composition of MCs and how their phenotypes can be altered during inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is detailed. Animal and human clinical studies that have implicated the participation of MCs in inflammatory bowel disease are reviewed, including the contribution of the cell's mediators to clinical symptoms, stress-triggered inflammation, and fistula and strictures. Studies that have focused on negating the proinflammatory roles of MCs and their mediators in animal models suggest new targets for therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Nozu T, Takakusaki K, Okumura T. A balance theory of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 and type 2 signaling to induce colonic contractions and visceral hyperalgesia in rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4655-64. [PMID: 25279793 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies suggest that peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor type 1 (CRF1) and CRF2 have a counter regulatory action on gastrointestinal functions. We hypothesized that the activity balance of each CRF subtype signaling may determine the changes in colonic motility and visceral sensation. Colonic contractions were assessed by the perfused manometry, and contractions of colonic muscle strips were measured in vitro in rats. Visceromotor response was determined by measuring contractions of abdominal muscle in response to colorectal distensions (CRDs) (60 mm Hg for 10 min twice with a 30-min rest). All drugs were administered through ip route in in vivo studies. CRF increased colonic contractions. Pretreatment with astressin, a nonselective CRF antagonist, blocked the CRF-induced response, but astressin2-B, a selective CRF2 antagonist, enhanced the response by CRF. Cortagine, a selective CRF1 agonist, increased colonic contractions. In in vitro study, CRF increased contractions of muscle strips. Urocortin 2, a selective CRF2 agonist, itself did not alter the contractions but blocked this increased response by CRF. Visceromotor response to the second CRD was significantly higher than that of the first. Astressin blocked this CRD-induced sensitization, but astressin2-B or CRF did not affect it. Meanwhile, astressin2-B together with CRF significantly enhanced the sensitization. Urocortin 2 blocked, but cortagine significantly enhanced, the sensitization. These results indicated that peripheral CRF1 signaling enhanced colonic contractility and induced visceral sensitization, and these responses were modulated by peripheral CRF2 signaling. The activity balance of each subtype signaling may determine the colonic functions in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nozu
- Departments of Regional Medicine and Education (T.N.) and General Medicine (T.O.) and Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering (K.T.), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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Stress-induced hyperalgesia. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Deiteren A, Vermeulen W, Moreels TG, Pelckmans PA, De Man JG, De Winter BY. The effect of chemically induced colitis, psychological stress and their combination on visceral pain in female Wistar rats. Stress 2014; 17:431-44. [PMID: 25089934 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2014.951034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral sensitivity is of pathophysiological importance in abdominal pain disorders and can be modulated by inflammation and stress. However, it is unclear whether inflammation and stress alter visceral perception independently of each other or in conjunction through neuroendocrine interactions. Therefore, we compared the short- and long-term effects of experimental colitis and water avoidance stress (WAS), alone or in combination, on visceral sensitivity in female Wistar rats. Colitis was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and colonoscopically confirmed. During WAS, rats were placed on a platform surrounded by water for 1 h. Visceral sensitivity was assessed by quantifying the visceromotor responses (VMRs) to colorectal distension. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was determined by measuring serum corticosterone in a separate protocol. TNBS instillation resulted in overt colitis, associated with significant visceral hypersensitivity during the acute inflammatory phase (3 days post-TNBS; n = 8/group); after colitis had subsided (28 days post-TNBS), hypersensitivity was resolved (n = 4-8/group). Single WAS was associated with increased VMRs of a magnitude comparable to acute TNBS-induced hypersensitivity (n = 8/group). However, after repetitive WAS no significant hypersensitivity was present (n = 8/group). No additive effect of colitis and stress was seen on visceral pain perception (n = 6-8/group). Corticosterone levels were only increased in acute TNBS-colitis, acute WAS and their combination. To conclude, both colitis and stress successfully induced short-term visceral hypersensitivity and activated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but long-term effects were absent. In addition, our current findings do not support an additive effect of colitis and stress on visceral sensitivity in female Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Deiteren
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium and
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Mingin GC, Peterson A, Erickson CS, Nelson MT, Vizzard MA. Social stress induces changes in urinary bladder function, bladder NGF content, and generalized bladder inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R893-900. [PMID: 25100077 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00500.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Social stress may play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we explored changes in bladder function caused by social stress using mouse models of stress and increasing stress. In the stress paradigm, individual submissive FVB mice were exposed to C57BL/6 aggressor mice directly/indirectly for 1 h/day for 2 or 4 wk. Increased stress was induced by continuous, direct/indirect exposure of FVB mice to aggressor mice for 2 wk. Stressed FVB mice exhibited nonvoiding bladder contractions and a decrease in both micturition interval (increased voiding frequency) and bladder capacity compared with control animals. ELISAs demonstrated a significant increase in histamine protein expression with no change in nerve growth factor protein expression in the urinary bladder compared with controls. Unlike stressed mice, mice exposed to an increased stress paradigm exhibited increased bladder capacities and intermicturition intervals (decreased voiding frequency). Both histamine and nerve growth factor protein expression were significantly increased with increased stress compared with control bladders. The change in bladder function from increased voiding frequency to decreased voiding frequency with increased stress intensity suggests that changes in social stress-induced urinary bladder dysfunction are context and duration dependent. In addition, changes in the bladder inflammatory milieu with social stress may be important contributors to changes in urinary bladder function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Mingin
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; Vermont Children's Hospital, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Abbey Peterson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | - Cuixia Shi Erickson
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Margaret A Vizzard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and
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Nébot-Vivinus M, Harkat C, Bzioueche H, Cartier C, Plichon-Dainese R, Moussa L, Eutamene H, Pishvaie D, Holowacz S, Seyrig C, Piche T, Theodorou V. Multispecies probiotic protects gut barrier function in experimental models. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6832-6843. [PMID: 24944474 PMCID: PMC4051923 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of the probiotic combination Lactibiane Tolerance® (LT) on epithelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: The effect of the multispecies probiotic LT was assessed on several models of epithelial barrier function both in vitro (in basal and inflammatory conditions) and in vivo [visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic stress or by colonic perfusion of a fecal supernatant (FSN) from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)]. In vitro, we measured the permeability of confluent T84 cell monolayers incubated with or without LT by evaluating the paracellular flux of macromolecules, in basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with conditioned medium of colonic biopsies from IBS patients (IBS-CM). In vivo, male C57/Bl6 mice received orally NaCl or LT for 15 d and were submitted to water avoidance stress (WAS) before evaluating visceral sensitivity by measuring the myoelectrical activity of the abdominal muscle and the paracellular permeability with 51Cr-EDTA. Permeability and sensitivity were also measured after colonic instillation of FSN. Tight-junctions were assessed by immunoblotting and TLR-4 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry
RESULTS: Incubation of T84 cell monolayers with LT in basal conditions had no significant effect on permeability (P > 0.05 vs culture medium). By contrast, addition of LT bacterial bodies (LT) completely prevented the LPS-induced increase in paracellular permeability (P < 0.01 vs LPS 10 ng/mL (LPS 10); P < 0.01 vs LPS 100 ng/mL (LPS 100), P > 0.05 vs culture medium). The effect was dose dependent as addition of 109 LT bacterial bodies induced a stronger decrease in absorbance than 106 LT (109 LT + LPS 10: -20.1% ± 13.4, P < 0.01 vs LPS 10; 106 LT + LPS 10: -11.6% ± 6.2, P < 0.01 vs LPS 10; 109 LT + LPS 100: -14.4% ± 5.5, P < 0.01 vs LPS 100; 106 LT + LPS 100: -11.6% ± 7.3, P < 0.05 vs LPS 100). Moreover, the increase in paracellular permeability induced by culturing T84 cells with conditioned medium of colonic biopsies from IBS patients (IBS-CM) was completely inhibited in the presence of 109 LT (P < 0.01 vs IBS-CM). LT also significantly prevented the epithelial disruption induced by intracolonic infusion of fecal supernatant from IBS patients (P < 0.01 vs IBS FSN) or water avoidance stress P < 0.01 vs WAS) in C57/Bl6 mice and increased the expression of occludin in vitro and in vivo, as assessed by immnunoblotting. The WAS-induced effect on visceral sensitivity was prevented by LT treatment since values obtained for all steps of colorectal distension were significantly (P < 0.01) different from the WAS group. Finally, LT down-regulated the response mediated through TLR-4 in vitro (decrease in tumor necrosis factor α secretion in response to LPS: -65.8% for 109 LT and -52.5% for 106 LT, P < 0.01 vs LPS) and in vivo (inhibition of WAS induced an increase in TLR-4 expression in the LT treated mice colon, P < 0.01 vs WAS).
CONCLUSION: The probiotic LT mix prevented the disruption to the epithelial barrier induced by LPS, stress or colonic soluble factors from IBS patients and prevented visceral hypersensitivity.
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Abstract
The intensity and severity of perceived pain does not correlate consistently with the degree of peripheral or central nervous system tissue damage or with the intensity of primary afferent or spinal nociceptive neurone activity. In this respect, the modulation of pain by emotion and context is now widely recognized. In particular, stress, fear and anxiety exert potent, but complex, modulatory influences on pain. Stress can either suppress pain (stress-induced analgesia) or exacerbate it (stress-induced hyperalgesia; SIH) depending on the nature, duration and intensity of the stressor. Herein, we review the methods and models used to study the phenomenon of SIH in rodents and humans and then present a detailed discussion of our current understanding of neural substrates and neurobiological mechanisms. The review provides perspectives and challenges for the current and future treatment of pain and the co-morbidity of pain with stress-related psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weredeselam M Olango
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Million M, Zhao JF, Luckey A, Czimmer J, Maynard GD, Kehne J, Hoffman DC, Taché Y. The newly developed CRF1-receptor antagonists, NGD 98-2 and NGD 9002, suppress acute stress-induced stimulation of colonic motor function and visceral hypersensitivity in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73749. [PMID: 24040053 PMCID: PMC3765344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) is the key receptor that mediates stress-related body responses. However to date there are no CRF1 antagonists that have shown clinical efficacy in stress-related diseases. We investigated the inhibitory effects of a new generation, topology 2 selective CRF1 antagonists, NGD 98-2 and NGD 9002 on exogenous and endogenous CRF-induced stimulation of colonic function and visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD) in conscious rats. CRF1 antagonists or vehicle were administered orogastrically (og) or subcutaneously (sc) before either intracerebroventricular (icv) or intraperitoneal (ip) injection of CRF (10 µg/kg), exposure to water avoidance stress (WAS, 60 min) or repeated CRD (60 mmHg twice, 10 min on/off at a 30 min interval). Fecal pellet output (FPO), diarrhea and visceromotor responses were monitored. In vehicle (og)-pretreated rats, icv CRF stimulated FPO and induced diarrhea in >50% of rats. NGD 98-2 or NGD 9002 (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, og) reduced the CRF-induced FPO response with an inhibitory IC50 of 15.7 and 4.3 mg/kg respectively. At the highest dose, og NGD 98-2 or NGD 9002 blocked icv CRF-induced FPO by 67–87% and decreased WAS-induced-FPO by 23–53%. When administered sc, NGD 98-2 or NGD 9002 (30 mg/kg) inhibited icv and ip CRF-induced-FPO. The antagonists also prevented the development of nociceptive hyper-responsivity to repeated CRD. These data demonstrate that topology 2 CRF1 antagonists, NGD 98-2 and NGD 9002, administered orally, prevented icv CRF-induced colonic secretomotor stimulation, reduced acute WAS-induced defecation and blocked the induction of visceral sensitization to repeated CRD.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/physiopathology
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
- Defecation/drug effects
- Diarrhea/physiopathology
- Diarrhea/prevention & control
- Drug Antagonism
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Hyperalgesia/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Intubation, Gastrointestinal
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome/metabolism
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome/prevention & control
- Male
- Molecular Structure
- Pyrazines/administration & dosage
- Pyrazines/chemistry
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/physiology
- Viscera/drug effects
- Viscera/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Million
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jing-Fang Zhao
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Luckey
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - József Czimmer
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - George D. Maynard
- Neurogen Corporation, Branford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - John Kehne
- Neurogen Corporation, Branford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Diane C. Hoffman
- Neurogen Corporation, Branford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yvette Taché
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Zheng G, Wu SP, Hu Y, Smith DE, Wiley JW, Hong S. Corticosterone mediates stress-related increased intestinal permeability in a region-specific manner. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e127-39. [PMID: 23336591 PMCID: PMC3558943 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic psychological stress (CPS) is associated with increased intestinal epithelial permeability and visceral hyperalgesia. It is unknown whether corticosterone (CORT) plays a role in mediating alterations of epithelial permeability in response to CPS. METHODS Male rats were subjected to 1-h water avoidance (WA) stress or subcutaneous CORT injection daily for 10 consecutive days in the presence or absence of corticoid receptor antagonist RU-486. The visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) was measured. The in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion was used to measure intestinal permeability in jejunum and colon simultaneously. KEY RESULTS We observed significant decreases in the levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and tight junction proteins in the colon, but not the jejunum in stressed rats. These changes were largely reproduced by serial CORT injections in control rats and were significantly reversed by RU-486. Stressed and CORT-injected rats demonstrated a threefold increase in permeability for PEG-400 (MW) in colon, but not jejunum and significant increase in VMR to CRD, which was significantly reversed by RU-486. In addition, no differences in permeability to PEG-4000 and PEG-35 000 were detected between control and WA groups. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our findings indicate that CPS was associated with region-specific decrease in epithelial tight junction protein levels in the colon, increased colon epithelial permeability to low molecular weight macromolecules which were largely reproduced by CORT treatment in control rats and prevented by RU-486. These observations implicate a novel, region-specific role for CORT as a mediator of CPS-induced increased permeability to macromolecules across the colon epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shu-Pei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongjun Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John W. Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuangsong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Ouelaa W, Ghouzali I, Langlois L, Fetissov S, Déchelotte P, Ducrotté P, Leroi AM, Gourcerol G. Gastric electrical stimulation decreases gastric distension-induced central nociception response through direct action on primary afferents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47849. [PMID: 23284611 PMCID: PMC3527470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an effective therapy to treat patients with chronic dyspepsia refractory to medical management. However, its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Methods Gastric pain was induced by performing gastric distension (GD) in anesthetized rats. Pain response was monitored by measuring the pseudo-affective reflex (e.g., blood pressure variation), while neuronal activation was determined using c-fos immunochemistry in the central nervous system. Involvement of primary afferents was assessed by measuring phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dorsal root ganglia. Results GES decreased blood pressure variation induced by GD, and prevented GD-induced neuronal activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (T9–T10), the nucleus of the solitary tract and in CRF neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. This effect remained unaltered within the spinal cord when sectioning the medulla at the T5 level. Furthermore, GES prevented GD-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dorsal root ganglia. Conclusions GES decreases GD-induced pain and/or discomfort likely through a direct modulation of gastric spinal afferents reducing central processing of visceral nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassila Ouelaa
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Ibtissem Ghouzali
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Langlois
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Serguei Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Ducrotté
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Marie Leroi
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Physiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Gourcerol
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Physiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Rouen, France
- * E-mail:
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LARAUCHE M, MULAK A, KIM YS, LABUS J, MILLION M, TACHE Y. Visceral analgesia induced by acute and repeated water avoidance stress in rats: sex difference in opioid involvement. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:1031-e547. [PMID: 22776034 PMCID: PMC3470786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic psychological stress-induced alterations in visceral sensitivity have been predominantly assessed in male rodents. We investigated the effect of acute and repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) on the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) and the role of opioids in male and cycling female Wistar rats using a novel non-invasive manometric technique. METHODS After a baseline VMR (1st CRD, day 0), rats were exposed to WAS (1 h day(-1) ) either once or for four consecutive days, without injection or with naloxone (1 mg kg(-1) ) or saline injected subcutaneously before each WAS session. KEY RESULTS The VMR to CRD recorded on day 1 or 4 immediately after the last WAS was reduced in both females and males. The visceral analgesia was mainly naloxone-dependent in females, but naloxone-independent in males. In non-injected animals, on days 2 and 5, VMR was not significantly different from baseline in males whereas females exhibited a significant VMR increase at 60 mmHg on day 5. Basal CRD and CRD on days 1, 2, and 5 in both sexes without WAS induced similar VMR. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES When monitored non-invasively, psychological stress induces an immediate poststress visceral analgesia mediated by an opiate signaling system in females while naloxone-independent in males, and hyperalgesia at 24 h after repeated stress only in females. These data highlight the importance of sex-specific interventions to modulate visceral pain response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel LARAUCHE
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System CA 90073 USA
| | - Agata MULAK
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System CA 90073 USA
| | - Yong Sung KIM
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System CA 90073 USA
| | - Jennifer LABUS
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System CA 90073 USA
| | - Mulugeta MILLION
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System CA 90073 USA
| | - Yvette TACHE
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division at the University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System CA 90073 USA
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Ataka K, Nagaishi K, Asakawa A, Inui A, Fujimiya M. Alteration of antral and proximal colonic motility induced by chronic psychological stress involves central urocortin 3 and vasopressin in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G519-28. [PMID: 22651925 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00390.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of the difficulties in developing suitable animal models, the pathogenesis of stress-induced functional gastrointestinal disorders is not well known. Here we applied the communication box technique to induce psychological stress in rats and then examined their gastrointestinal motility. We measured upper and lower gastrointestinal motility induced by acute and chronic psychological stress and examined the mRNA expression of various neuropeptides in the hypothalamus. Chronic psychological stress disrupted the fasted motility in the antrum and accelerated motility in the proximal colon. mRNA expression of AVP, oxytocin, and urocortin 3 was increased by chronic psychological stress. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of urocortin 3 disrupted the fasted motility in the antrum, while ICV injection of Ucn3 antiserum prevented alteration in antral motility induced by chronic psychological stress. ICV injection of AVP accelerated colonic motility, while ICV injection of SSR 149415, a selective AVP V1b receptor antagonist, prevented alteration in proximal colonic motility induced by chronic psychological stress. Oxytocin and its receptor antagonist L 371257 had no effect on colonic motility in either the normal or chronic psychological stress model. These results suggest that chronic psychological stress induced by the communication box technique might disrupt fasted motility in the antrum via urocortin 3 pathways and accelerates proximal colonic motility via the AVP V1b receptor in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ataka
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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van den Wijngaard RM, Stanisor OI, van Diest SA, Welting O, Wouters MM, de Jonge WJ, Boeckxstaens GE. Peripheral α-helical CRF (9-41) does not reverse stress-induced mast cell dependent visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:274-82, e111. [PMID: 22129370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute stress-induced hypersensitivity to colorectal distention was shown to depend on corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-induced mast cell degranulation. At present it remains unclear whether CRF also induces chronic poststress activation of these cells. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to compare pre- and poststress CRF-receptor antagonist treatment protocols for their ability to, respectively, prevent and reverse mast cell dependent visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of neonatal maternal separation. METHODS The visceromotor response to colonic distention was assessed in adult maternally separated and non-handled rats before and at different time points after 1 h of water avoidance (WA). Rats were treated with the mast cell stabilizer doxantrazole and the CRF receptor-antagonist α-helical-CRF (9-41). Western blotting was used to assess mucosal protein levels of the mast cell protease RMCP-2 and the tight junction protein occludin. KEY RESULTS In maternally separated, but not in non-handled rats, WA induced chronic hypersensitivity (up to 30 days) to colorectal distention. Visceral hypersensitivity was prevented, but could not be reversed by administration of α-helical-CRF (9-41). In contrast, however, the mast cell stabilizer doxantrazole reversed visceral hypersensitivity. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, pre-WA α-helical-CRF (9-41) treated animals displayed higher mucosal RMCP-2 and occludin levels. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Water avoidance-stress leads to persistent mast cell dependent visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats, which can be prevented, but not reversed by blockade of peripheral CRF-receptors. We conclude that persistent poststress mast cell activation and subsequent visceral hypersensitivity are not targeted by CRF-receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M van den Wijngaard
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Larauche M. Novel insights in the role of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor and mast cells in stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:201-5. [PMID: 22316289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the hallmarks in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. Stress is well known to affect visceral sensitivity in humans and rodents, an effect which is associated in part with alterations of intestinal epithelial permeability in rodents. Although the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity is still unclear, two key factors have been identified as playing a major role in its modulation, namely peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and mast cells. In a recent study in Neurogastroenterology and Motility, van den Wijngaard et al. demonstrate that the mast-cell dependent visceral hypersensitivity observed in maternally separated rats after an acute exposure to a psychological stress can be prevented but not reversed by the peripherally restricted CRF receptor antagonist, α-helical CRF(9-41). They further show that the preventive effect of the CRF receptor antagonist is linked to a stabilization of mast cells and maintenance of the epithelial barrier at the colonic level. These data suggest that post stress mast cell activation and subsequent visceral hypersensitivity are not targeted by peripheral CRF receptor antagonists. These novel insights in the role of peripheral CRF in the modulation of stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity add to our growing understanding of the mechanisms that may lie at the origin of visceral pain disturbances following stress and will contribute to enhance the development of drugs that may have potential therapeutic benefits for IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larauche
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Larauche M, Mulak A, Yuan PQ, Kanauchi O, Taché Y. Stress-induced visceral analgesia assessed non-invasively in rats is enhanced by prebiotic diet. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:225-36. [PMID: 22294825 PMCID: PMC3261539 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the influence of repeated water avoidance stress (rWAS) on the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) and the modulation of the response by a prebiotic diet in rats using a novel surgery-free method of solid-state manometry. METHODS Male Wistar rats fed a standard diet with or without 4% enzyme-treated rice fiber (ERF) for 5 wk were subjected to rWAS (1 h daily x 10 d) or no stress. The VMR to graded phasic CRD was assessed by intraluminal colonic pressure recording on days 0 (baseline), 1 and 10 (45 min) and 11 (24 h) after rWAS and expressed as percentage change from baseline. Cecal content of short chain fatty acids and distal colonic histology were assessed on day 11. RESULTS WAS on day 1 reduced the VMR to CRD at 40 and 60 mmHg similarly by 28.9% ± 6.6% in both diet groups. On day 10, rWAS-induced reduction of VMR occurred only at 40 mmHg in the standard diet group (36.2% ± 17.8%) while in the ERF group VMR was lowered at 20, 40 and 60 mmHg by 64.9% ± 20.9%, 49.3% ± 11.6% and 38.9% ± 7.3% respectively. The visceral analgesia was still observed on day 11 in ERF- but not in standard diet-fed rats. By contrast the non-stressed groups (standard or ERF diet) exhibited no changes in VMR to CRD. In standard diet-fed rats, rWAS induced mild colonic histological changes that were absent in ERF-fed rats exposed to stress compared to non-stressed rats. The reduction of cecal content of isobutyrate and total butyrate, but not butyrate alone, was correlated with lower visceral pain response. Additionally, ERF diet increased rWAS-induced defecation by 26% and 75% during the first 0-15 min and last 15-60 min, respectively, compared to standard diet, and reduced rats' body weight gain by 1.3 fold independently of their stress status. CONCLUSION These data provide the first evidence of psychological stress-related visceral analgesia in rats that was enhanced by chronic intake of ERF prebiotic.
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Larauche M, Mulak A, Taché Y. Stress and visceral pain: from animal models to clinical therapies. Exp Neurol 2012; 233:49-67. [PMID: 21575632 PMCID: PMC3224675 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have implicated stress (psychosocial and physical) as a trigger of first onset or exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms of which visceral pain is an integrant landmark. A number of experimental acute or chronic exteroceptive or interoceptive stressors induce visceral hyperalgesia in rodents although recent evidence also points to stress-related visceral analgesia as established in the somatic pain field. Underlying mechanisms of stress-related visceral hypersensitivity may involve a combination of sensitization of primary afferents, central sensitization in response to input from the viscera and dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate spinal nociceptive transmission or analgesic response. Biochemical coding of stress involves the recruitment of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways. Experimental studies established that activation of brain and peripheral CRF receptor subtype 1 plays a primary role in the development of stress-related delayed visceral hyperalgesia while subtype 2 activation induces analgesic response. In line with stress pathways playing a role in IBS, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities aimed at reducing stress perception using a broad range of evidence-based mind-body interventions and centrally-targeted medications to reduce anxiety impact on brain patterns activated by visceral stimuli and dampen visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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