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P2Y1R and P2Y2R: potential molecular triggers in muscle regeneration. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:305-313. [PMID: 35902482 PMCID: PMC9984638 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is indispensable for skeletal muscle health and daily life when injury, muscular disease, and aging occur. Among the muscle regeneration, muscle stem cells' (MuSCs) activation, proliferation, and differentiation play a key role in muscle regeneration. Purines bind to its specific receptors during muscle development, which transmit environmental stimuli and play a crucial role of modulator of muscle regeneration. Evidences proved P2R expression during development and regeneration of skeletal muscle, both in human and mouse. In contrast to P2XR, which have been extensively investigated in skeletal muscles, the knowledge of P2YR in this tissue is less comprehensive. This review summarized muscle regeneration via P2Y1R and P2Y2R and speculated that P2Y1R and P2Y2R might be potential molecular triggers for MuSCs' activation and proliferation via the p-ERK1/2 and PLC pathways, explored their cascade effects on skeletal muscle, and proposed P2Y1/2 receptors as potential pharmacological targets in muscle regeneration, to advance the purinergic signaling within muscle and provide promising strategies for alleviating muscular disease.
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Lu B, Shen L, Zhu H, Xi L, Wang W, Ouyang X. Association between serum homocysteine and sarcopenia among hospitalized older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:896. [PMID: 36424548 PMCID: PMC9685861 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered to increase the risk of sarcopenia (S) and remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of S among older Chinese adults and explore whether homocysteine (Hcy) was independently associated with S. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among older adults hospitalized in the Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between June 2017 and December 2021. We measured all participants' serum Hcy levels, hand grip strength, gait speed and appendicular skeletal muscle index(ASMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). S was defined based on the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2 (AWGS2), which included muscle mass (ASMI< 7.0 kg/m2 for men and ASMI< 5.7 kg/m2 for women by BIA) and low muscle strength (handgrip strength < 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women), and/or gait speed < 1.0 m/s. HHcy defined as Hcy ≥10 μmol/L. The strength of the association between Hcy and the risk of S was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression using three models that adjusted for possible confounding variables to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among the 441 subjects, 161 (36.5%) were diagnosed with S, and 343 (77.8%) were diagnosed with HHcy. A significant association was detected between S and serum Hcy per 1-μmol/L increase after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, body mass index (BMI), Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), diabetes, kidney disease, and statin use (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03-1.12, P = 0.002). The OR for S in the HHcy group (≥10 μmol/L) was nearly 5-fold that in the normal Hcy group (OR 4.96, 95% CI 2.67-9.24, P < 0.001). In a gender-based subgroup analysis that adjusted for age, education, smoking, BMI, MNA-SF, ALT, CRP, Hb, and ALB, female subjects with HHcy had an increased risk of S (OR 10.35, 95% CI 2.84-37.68, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that elevated Hcy levels have an independent association with S in older adults. This suggests that the downward adjustment of HHcy (cutoff value < 10 μmol/l) might decrease the risk of S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024 China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024 China
| | - Haiqiong Zhu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024 China
| | - Ling Xi
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024 China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024 China
| | - Xiaojun Ouyang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024 China
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Yoo TK, Rhim HC, Lee YT, Yoon KJ, Park CH. Relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and coexisting obesity with low skeletal muscle mass in asymptomatic adult population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12439. [PMID: 35858996 PMCID: PMC9300668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and obesity with low skeletal muscle mass (LMM) has not been established. We aim to assess the association between HHcy and the coexistence of obesity and LMM in asymptomatic adult population. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study among asymptomatic individuals who underwent measurements of plasma homocysteine and body composition analysis. HHcy was defined as > 15 umol/L, obesity as body mass index ≥ 25 (kg/m2), and LMM as skeletal muscle index less than 2 SD below the sex-specific mean of young adults. The participants were classified into ‘control’, ‘obesity alone’, ‘LMM alone’, and ‘obesity with LMM’. Among 113,805 participants, the prevalence of HHcy was 8.3% in control, 8.7% in obesity alone, 10.0% in LMM alone, and 13.0% in obesity with LMM (p for trend < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the associations showed a positive trend for HHcy along the groups from obesity alone, to LMM alone, and to obesity with LMM. HHcy was independently associated with the presence of LMM alone (adjusted odds ratio 1.186 [95% confidence interval 1.117–1.259]) and obesity with LMM (1.424 [1.134–1.788]), respectively. This study demonstrated that HHcys was more strongly associated with coexistence of obesity and LMM than either condition alone in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Hye Chang Rhim
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Taek Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunanro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Yoon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunanro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunanro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea. .,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Xu Q, Li J, Wu Y, Zhou W, Xu Z. Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Bevacizumab May Induce Muscle Atrophy Through CDKN1A and TIMP4. Front Oncol 2022; 12:897495. [PMID: 35847900 PMCID: PMC9283830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.897495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle in the organism has the function of regulating metabolism. Long-term muscle inactivity or the occurrence of chronic inflammatory diseases are easy to induce muscle atrophy. Bevacizumab is an antiangiogenic drug that prevents the formation of neovascularization by inhibiting the activation of VEGF signaling pathway. It is used in the first-line treatment of many cancers in clinic. Studies have shown that the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of tumors can cause muscle mass loss and may induce muscle atrophy. Based on bioinformatics analysis, this study sought the relationship and influence mechanism between bevacizumab and muscle atrophy. The differences of gene and sample expression between bevacizumab treated group and control group were studied by RNA sequencing. WGCNA is used to find gene modules related to bevacizumab administration and explore biological functions through metascape. Differential analysis was used to analyze the difference of gene expression between the administration group and the control group in different muscle tissues. The key genes timp4 and CDKN1A were obtained through Venn diagram, and then GSEA was used to explore their biological functions in RNA sequencing data and geo chip data. This study studied the role of bevacizumab in muscle through the above methods, preliminarily determined that timp4 and CDKN1A may be related to muscle atrophy, and further explored their functional mechanism in bevacizumab myotoxicity.
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Choi JH, Seo JW, Lee MY, Lee YT, Yoon KJ, Park CH. Association between Elevated Plasma Homocysteine and Low Skeletal Muscle Mass in Asymptomatic Adults. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:333-343. [PMID: 35144330 PMCID: PMC9081311 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine has been drawing attention with a closed linkage with skeletal muscle. However, the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with decreased skeletal muscle mass remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with low skeletal muscle mass (LMM) in asymptomatic adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 114,583 community-dwelling adults without cancer, stroke, or cardiovascular diseases who underwent measurements of plasma homocysteine and body composition analysis from 2012 to 2018. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as >15 μmol/L. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated based on appendicular muscle mass (kg)/height (m)2. Participants were classified into three groups based on SMI: "normal," "mildly low," and "severely low." RESULTS The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was the highest in subjects with severely LMM (12.9%), followed by those with mildly LMM (9.8%), and those with normal muscle mass (8.5%) (P for trend <0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly associated with having a mildly LMM (odds ratio [OR], 1.305; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.224 to 1.392) and severely LMM (OR, 1.958; 95% CI, 1.667 to 2.286), respectively. One unit increment of log-transformed homocysteine was associated with 1.360 and 2.169 times higher risk of having mildly LMM and severely LMM, respectively. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that elevated homocysteine has an independent association with LMM in asymptomatic adults, supporting that hyperhomocysteinemia itself can be a risk for decline in skeletal musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Seo
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Taek Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Yoon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yu H, Luo G, Sun T, Tang Q. Causal effects of homocysteine levels on the components of sarcopenia: A two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2022; 13:1051047. [PMID: 36482901 PMCID: PMC9722755 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, it is unclear whether there is a causal association between genetically predicted plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and the risk of sarcopenia. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the association between circulating Hcy levels and the components [grip strength, walking pace, and appendicular lean mass (ALM)] of sarcopenia. Methods: Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with plasma Hcy levels served as instrumental variables. Summary-level data regarding the components of sarcopenia. Were obtained from the UK Biobank. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method was used for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We also use four models, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, Maximum likelihood, and Penalised weighted median, as supplementary methods to IVW. The MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneities, and stability of the causal association between Hcy levels and the components of sarcopenia. Results: The IVW-MR analysis suggested significant negative associations of increased plasma Hcy levels with grip strength (right: effect = -0.036, SE = 0.032, p = 5.53E-4; left: effect = -0.045, SE = 0.010, p = 1.45E-5), walking pace (effect = -0.038, SE = 0.011, p = 3.18E-4), and ALM (effect = -0.058, 0.013, p = 1.03E-5). However, there were no significant associations of decreased plasma Hcy levels with grip strength (right: effect = 0.005, SE = 0.021, p = 0.82; left: effect = -0.006, SE = 0.014, p = 0.64), walking pace (effect = 0.01, 0.020, p = 0.61), or ALM (effect = -0.034, SE = 0.018, p = 0.06).The accuracy and robustness of these findings were confirmed by sensitivity tests. Conclusion: Increased circulating Hcy levels were associated with lower grip strength, slower walking pace, and decreased ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianwei Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tian-jin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tian-jin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
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7
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Tabibzadeh S. Resolving Geroplasticity to the Balance of Rejuvenins and Geriatrins. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1664-1714. [DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Vincenti A, Bertuzzo L, Limitone A, D’Antona G, Cena H. Perspective: Practical Approach to Preventing Subclinical B12 Deficiency in Elderly Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:1913. [PMID: 34199569 PMCID: PMC8226782 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that plays a pivotal role for several physiologic functions during one's lifespan. Only certain microorganisms are able to synthetize B12, thus humans obtain cobalamin exclusively from their diet, specifically from animal-derived foods. Specific sub-group populations are at risk of vitamin B12 subclinical deficiency due to different factors including poor intake of animal source foods and age-dependent decrease in the capacity of intestinal B12 uptake. Consumption of animal products produces some negative health issues and negatively impacts sustainability while a plant-based diet increases the risk of B12 deficiency. Taking a cue from the aforementioned considerations, this narrative review aims to summarize facts about B12 deficiency and the burden of inadequate dietary intake in elderly population, as well as to discuss sustainable approaches to vitamin B12 deficiency in aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vincenti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Laura Bertuzzo
- Glaxosmithkline (GSK) Consumer Healthcare, via Zambeletti s.n.c., 20021 Baranzate, Italy; (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonio Limitone
- Glaxosmithkline (GSK) Consumer Healthcare, via Zambeletti s.n.c., 20021 Baranzate, Italy; (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)—Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, 27058 Voghera, Italy;
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Sarcopenia and homocysteine: is there a possible association in the elderly? A narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:98-111. [PMID: 33926597 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242100010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia (SA) is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder, associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. Several risks factors may contribute to the development of SA in the elderly; among them, nutrition plays a key role in muscle health. The elderly are at risk of inadequate intake in terms of micronutrients affecting muscle homeostasis, such as B vitamins, related to homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS This narrative review analysed the association between increased Hcy levels and SA, according to the criteria of the International Working Group on Sarcopenia, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The authors focused not only on SA per se but also on exploring the association between increased Hcy levels and components of SA, including muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. RESULTS Results are inconsistent, except for muscle mass, showing no significant associations with Hcy levels. CONCLUSIONS Few and conflicting data emerged in this review on the association between SA and increased Hcy levels due to numerous differences between studies that change the significance of the association of Hcy and SA, as well as the muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. Furthermore, because the ageing process is not uniform in the population owing to differences in genetics, lifestyle and general health, chronological age fails to address the observed heterogeneity among the 'elderly' of the studies reported in this revision. Therefore, further studies are still needed.
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Álvarez-Sánchez N, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Guerrero JM, García-García FJ, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Cruz-Chamorro I, Lardone PJ, Carrillo-Vico A. Homocysteine and C-Reactive Protein Levels Are Associated With Frailty in Older Spaniards: The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1488-1494. [PMID: 31304964 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) are inflammation markers but are also related to cardiovascular diseases, disability, or higher risk of death. Although inflammation is considered to be associated with frailty, data regarding the association between hsCRP or Hcy and frailty are controversial or scarce, especially with respect to their association with prefrailty. Thus, our objective was to study the association of hsCRP and Hcy with prefrailty and frailty in 1,211 Spanish men and women aged 65-98 years from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (TSHA) cohort, classified according to Fried's criteria. Hcy was independently associated with frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.12), whereas hsCRP was independently associated with both prefrailty (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06) and frailty (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.12). Furthermore, both markers were positively correlated with the number of Fried's criteria that were met and were independently associated with the criteria of exhaustion (Hcy: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06), weakness (hsCRP: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05), and low physical activity (hsCRP: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06). Thus, our results highlight the importance of inflammation in age-related physical decline and, in particular, its association with fatigue, low strength, and decreased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Servicio de Geriatría y Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Gerner C, Costigliola V, Golubnitschaja O. MULTIOMIC PATTERNS IN BODY FLUIDS: TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGE WITH A GREAT POTENTIAL TO IMPLEMENT THE ADVANCED PARADIGM OF 3P MEDICINE. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:442-451. [PMID: 31737933 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy (LB) is defined as a sample of any of body fluids (blood, saliva, tear fluid, urine, sweat, amniotic, cerebrospinal and pleural fluids, cervicovaginal secretion, and wound efflux, amongst others), which can be ex vivo analysed to detect and quantity the target(s) of interest. LB represents diagnostic approach relevant for organ-specific changes and systemic health conditions including both manifested diseases and their prestages such as suboptimal health. Further, experts emphasise that DNA-based analysis alone does not provide sufficient information for optimal diagnostics and effective treatments. Consequently, of great scientific and clinical utility are molecular patterns detected by hybrid technologies such as metabolomic tools and molecular imaging. Future proposed strategies utilise multiomic pillars (generally genome, tanscriptome, proteome, metabolome, epigenome, radiome, and microbiome), system-biological approach, and multivariable algorithms for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Current article analyses pros and cons of the mass spectrometry-based technologies, provides eminent examples of a success story "from discovery to clinical application," and demonstrates a "road-map" for the technology-driven paradigm change from reactive to predictive, preventive and personalised medical services as the medicine of the future benefiting the patient and healthcare at large. © 2019 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (EPMA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Costigliola
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (EPMA), Brussels, Belgium
- European Medical Association (EMA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (EPMA), Brussels, Belgium
- Radiological Clinic, UKB, Excellence Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Breast Cancer Research Centre, UKB, Excellence Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, Excellence Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Lee WJ, Peng LN, Loh CH, Chen LK. Sex-different associations between serum homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and sarcopenia: Results from I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Eguchi Y, Toyoguchi T, Inage K, Fujimoto K, Orita S, Suzuki M, Kanamoto H, Abe K, Norimoto M, Umimura T, Koda M, Furuya T, Aoki Y, Nakamura J, Akazawa T, Takahashi K, Ohtori S. Advanced glycation end products are associated with sarcopenia in older women: aging marker dynamics. J Women Aging 2019; 33:328-340. [PMID: 31770087 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2019.1697161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether advanced glycation end products (AGEs) revealed by skin autofluorescence (SAF), serum and urine pentosidine level, and serum homocysteine level can serve as a biomarker for sarcopenia in older women. The participants were 70 elderly women. The AGEs pentosidine, homocysteine, and SAF were measured as aging markers. This study shows that among the biomarkers for aging, serum pentosidine correlates with a loss of appendicular lean mass and can serve as a biomarker for sarcopenia. Moreover, SAF and homocysteine values exhibited a positive correlation with age and correlated with each other.Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analyzer; BMD: bone mineral density; DLS: degenerative lumbar scoliosis; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoassay; HHcy: hyperhomocysteinemia; RIA: radioimmunoassay; SAF: skin autofluorescence; SMI: skeletal muscle mass index; T2DM: type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Eguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimoshizu National Hospital, Yotsukaido, Japan
| | - Toru Toyoguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba Qiball clinic, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Miyako Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kanamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masaki Norimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Umimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Takeo Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
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Eguchi Y, Toyoguchi T, Inage K, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Suzuki M, Kanamoto H, Abe K, Norimoto M, Umimura T, Koda M, Furuya T, Aoki Y, Takahashi K, Ohtori S. Elevated Levels of Serum Pentosidine Are Associated with Dropped Head Syndrome in Older Women. Asian Spine J 2018; 13:155-162. [PMID: 30567420 PMCID: PMC6365794 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2017.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective observational study was performed. PURPOSE We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in dropped head syndrome (DHS), and the relationship between biochemical markers, including major advanced glycation end products (AGEs), pentosidine, and DHS in older women. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE AGEs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. METHODS We studied 13 elderly women with idiopathic DHS (mean age, 77.2 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (mean age, 74.8 years). We used a bioelectrical impedance analyzer to analyze body composition, including appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; appendicular lean mass [kg]/[height (m)]2). Cervical sagittal plane alignment, including C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7SVA), C2-C7 angle, and C2 slope (C2S), was measured. Biochemical markers, such as serum and urinary pentosidine, serum homocysteine, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, were measured. The level of each variable was compared between DHS and controls. The relationship between biochemical markers and DHS was examined. RESULTS Sarcopenia (SMI <5.75) was observed at a high prevalence in participants with DHS (77% compared to 22% of healthy controls). Height, weight, femoral bone mineral density, appendicular lean mass, total lean mass, and SMI all had significantly lower values in the DHS group. Serum and urinary pentosidine, and serum homocysteine were significantly higher in the DHS group compared to controls. Analysis of cervical alignment revealed a significant positive correlation of serum pentosidine with C2-C7SVA and C2S. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia was involved in DHS, and high serum pentosidine levels are associated with severity of DHS in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Eguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimoshizu National Hospital, Yotsukaido, Japan
| | - Toru Toyoguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba Qiball Clinic, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Yamauchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kanamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Norimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Umimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeo Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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L'honoré A, Commère PH, Negroni E, Pallafacchina G, Friguet B, Drouin J, Buckingham M, Montarras D. The role of Pitx2 and Pitx3 in muscle stem cells gives new insights into P38α MAP kinase and redox regulation of muscle regeneration. eLife 2018; 7:e32991. [PMID: 30106373 PMCID: PMC6191287 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on satellite cells. After injury these muscle stem cells exit quiescence, proliferate and differentiate to regenerate damaged fibres. We show that this progression is accompanied by metabolic changes leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using Pitx2/3 single and double mutant mice that provide genetic models of deregulated redox states, we demonstrate that moderate overproduction of ROS results in premature differentiation of satellite cells while high levels lead to their senescence and regenerative failure. Using the ROS scavenger, N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC), in primary cultures we show that a physiological increase in ROS is required for satellite cells to exit the cell cycle and initiate differentiation through the redox activation of p38α MAP kinase. Subjecting cultured satellite cells to transient inhibition of P38α MAP kinase in conjunction with NAC treatment leads to their rapid expansion, with striking improvement of their regenerative potential in grafting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore L'honoré
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Biological Adaptation and Aging-IBPS, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | | | - Elisa Negroni
- Center for Research in MyologySorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Giorgia Pallafacchina
- NeuroscienceInstitute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Italian National Research CouncilUniversityof PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Biological Adaptation and Aging-IBPS, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Margaret Buckingham
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Didier Montarras
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
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Chakraborty PK, Murphy B, Mustafi SB, Dey A, Xiong X, Rao G, Naz S, Zhang M, Yang D, Dhanasekaran DN, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Cystathionine β-synthase regulates mitochondrial morphogenesis in ovarian cancer. FASEB J 2018; 32:4145-4157. [PMID: 29494264 PMCID: PMC6044063 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701095r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of mitochondrial morphogenesis, a dynamic equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission processes, is now evolving as a key metabolic event that fuels tumor growth and therapy resistance. However, fundamental knowledge underpinning how cancer cells reprogram mitochondrial morphogenesis remains incomplete. Here, we report that cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) reprograms mitochondrial morphogenesis in ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells by selectively regulating the stability of mitofusin 2 (MFN2). Clinically, high expression of both CBS and MFN2 implicates poor overall survival of OvCa patients, and a significant association between CBS and MFN2 expression exists in individual patients in the same data set. The silencing of CBS by small interfering RNA or inhibition of its catalytic activity by a small molecule inhibitor creates oxidative stress that activates JNK. Activated JNK phosphorylates MFN2 to recruit homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus' domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase for its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Supplementation with hydrogen sulfide or glutathione (the catalytic products of CBS enzymatic activity), anti-oxidants, or a JNK inhibitor restores MFN2 expression. In CBS-silenced orthotopic xenograft tumor tissues, MFN2 but not MFN1 is selectively downregulated. In summary, this report reveals a role for deregulated mitochondrial morphogenesis in OvCa, suggests one of the mechanisms for this deregulation, and provides a way to correct it through modulation of the metabolic enzyme CBS.-Chakraborty, P. K., Murphy, B., Mustafi, S. B., Dey, A., Xiong, X., Rao, G., Naz, S., Zhang, M., Yang, D., Dhanasekaran, D. N., Bhattacharya, R., Mukherjee, P. Cystathionine β-synthase regulates mitochondrial morphogenesis in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Brennah Murphy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and
| | - Xunhao Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sarwat Naz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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17
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Veeranki S, Tyagi SC. Mdivi-1 induced acute changes in the angiogenic profile after ischemia-reperfusion injury in female mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/11/e13298. [PMID: 28576854 PMCID: PMC5471437 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi‐1), the mitochondrial fission inhibitor, on the angiogenic profiles after the ischemia reperfusion injury (IR injury) in female mice. Female mice were treated with Mdivi‐1 inhibitor, 2 days prior, on the day of IR injury and 2 days after IR injury, for a period of 5 days. Both control and treatment groups underwent 30 min of ischemia and 72 h of reperfusion. On the day 3, mice were sacrificed and the ischemic and nonischemic portions of heart tissue were collected. Relative levels of 53 angiogenesis‐related proteins were quantified simultaneously using Angiogenic arrays. Heart function was evaluated before and after 72 h of IR injury. Mdivi‐1 treatment ameliorated IR induced functional deterioration with positive angiogenic profile. The seminal changes include suppression of Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMP1) and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) levels and prevention of connexin 43 (Cx43) loss and downregulation in the antioxidant enzyme levels. These changes are correlated with enhanced endothelial progenitor cell marker (cluster of differentiation (CD31), endothelial‐specific receptor tyrosine kinase (Tek), fMS‐like tyrosine kinase 4 (Flt4) and kinase insert domain protein receptor (Kdr)) presence. Our study is the first to report the role of mitochondrial dynamics in regulation of myocardial IR‐induced angiogenic responses. Inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission after IR injury ameliorated heart dysfunction and conferred positive angiogenic response. In addition, there were improvements in the preservation of Cx43 levels and oxidative stress handling along with suppression of apoptosis activation. The findings will aid in shaping the rational drug development process for the prevention of ischemic heart disease, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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18
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Zhang JW, Pang B, Zhao Q, Chang Y, Wang YL, Jiang YD, Jing L. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces injury in olfactory bulb neurons by downregulating Hes1 and Hes5 expression. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:272-279. [PMID: 29557377 PMCID: PMC5879899 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.220779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been shown to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, lesions or histological changes and mechanisms underlying homocysteine-induced injury in olfactory bulb neurons remain unclear. In this study, hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with 1.7% methionine. Pathological changes in the olfactory bulb were observed through hematoxylin-eosin and Pischingert staining. Cell apoptosis in the olfactory bulb was determined through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an abnormal ultrastructure of neurons. Furthermore, immunoreactivity and expression of the hairy enhancer of the split 1 (Hes1) and Hes5 were measured using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot assay. Our results revealed no significant structural abnormality in the olfactory bulb of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. However, the number of TUNEL-positive cells increased in the olfactory bulb, lipofuscin and vacuolization were visible in mitochondria, and the expression of Hes1 and Hes5 decreased. These findings confirm that hyperhomocysteinemia induces injury in olfactory bulb neurons by downregulating Hes1 and Hes5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; Institute of Immunopathology, Medical School, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Pang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Chang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Li Wang
- Institute of Immunopathology, Medical School, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Deng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Jing
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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19
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Pentosidine concentration is associated with degenerative lumbar scoliosis in older women: preliminary results. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 27:597-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Cholewa JM, Dardevet D, Lima-Soares F, de Araújo Pessôa K, Oliveira PH, Dos Santos Pinho JR, Nicastro H, Xia Z, Cabido CET, Zanchi NE. Dietary proteins and amino acids in the control of the muscle mass during immobilization and aging: role of the MPS response. Amino Acids 2017; 49:811-820. [PMID: 28175999 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary proteins/essential amino acids (EAAs) are nutrients with anabolic properties that may increase muscle mass or attenuate muscle loss during immobilization and aging via the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). An EAA's anabolic threshold, capable to maximize the stimulation of MPS has been hypothesized, but during certain conditions associated with muscle loss, this anabolic threshold seems to increase which reduces the efficacy of dietary EAAs to stimulate MPS. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that acute ingestion of dietary proteins/EAA (with a sufficient amount of leucine) was capable to restore the postprandial MPS during bed rest, immobilization or aging; however, whether these improvements translate into chronic increases (or attenuates loss) of muscle mass is equivocal. For example, although free leucine supplementation acutely increases MPS and muscle mass in some chronic studies, other studies have reported no increases in muscle mass following chronic leucine supplementation. In contrast, chronically increasing leucine intake via the consumption of an overall increase in dietary protein appears to be the most effective dietary intervention toward increasing or attenuating lean mass during aging; however, more research investigating the optimal dose and timing of protein ingestion is necessary. Several studies have demonstrated that decreases in postprandial MPS as a result of increased circulating oxidative and inflammatory are more responsible than muscle protein breakdown for the decreases in muscle mass during disuse and health aging. Therefore, nutritional interventions that reduce oxidation or inflammation in conjunction with higher protein intakes that overcome the anabolic resistance may enhance the MPS response to feeding and either increase muscle mass or attenuate loss. In preliminary studies, antioxidant vitamins and amino acids with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties show potential to restore the anabolic response associated with protein ingestion. More research, however, is required to investigate if these nutrients translate to increases in MPS and, ultimately, increased lean mass in aging humans. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the role of protein/EAA intake to enhance postprandial MPS during conditions associated with muscle loss, and bring new perspectives and challenges associated nutritional interventions aimed to optimize the anabolic effects of dietary protein/EAAs ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Cholewa
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, 29528, USA
| | | | - Fernanda Lima-Soares
- Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Department of Physical Education, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Kassiana de Araújo Pessôa
- Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Department of Physical Education, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Oliveira
- Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Department of Physical Education, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Dos Santos Pinho
- Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Department of Physical Education, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Humberto Nicastro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Zhi Xia
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Chengdu Sport Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Christian Emmanuel Torres Cabido
- Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Department of Physical Education, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Nelo Eidy Zanchi
- Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Department of Physical Education, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Physical Exercise Is a Potential "Medicine" for Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:269-286. [PMID: 29022268 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognized as the number one killer for decades. The most well-known risk factor is atherosclerosis. Unlike the acuity of CVD, atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive pathological change. This process involves inflammatory response, oxidative reaction, macrophage activity, and different interaction of inflammatory factors. Physical exercise has long been known as good for health in general. In recent studies, physical exercise has been demonstrated to be a therapeutic tool for atherosclerosis. However, its therapeutic effect has dosage-dependent effect. Un-proper over exercise might also cause damage to the heart. Here we summarize the mechanism of Physical exercise's beneficial effects and its potential clinical use.
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22
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Functional and Molecular Insights of Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling and Protein Sulfhydration. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:543-561. [PMID: 28013031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, is endogenously synthesized by multiple enzymes that are differentially expressed in the peripheral tissues and central nervous systems. H2S regulates a wide range of physiological processes, namely cardiovascular, neuronal, immune, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, and endocrine systems, by influencing cellular signaling pathways and sulfhydration of target proteins. This review focuses on the recent progress made in H2S signaling that affects mechanistic and functional aspects of several biological processes such as autophagy, inflammation, proliferation and differentiation of stem cell, cell survival/death, and cellular metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we highlighted the cross-talk between nitric oxide and H2S in several bilogical contexts.
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23
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Lehotský J, Tothová B, Kovalská M, Dobrota D, Beňová A, Kalenská D, Kaplán P. Role of Homocysteine in the Ischemic Stroke and Development of Ischemic Tolerance. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:538. [PMID: 27932944 PMCID: PMC5120102 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a toxic, sulfur-containing intermediate of methionine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), as a consequence of impaired Hcy metabolism or defects in crucial co-factors that participate in its recycling, is assumed as an independent human stroke risk factor. Neural cells are sensitive to prolonged hHcy treatment, because Hcy cannot be metabolized either by the transsulfuration pathway or by the folate/vitamin B12 independent remethylation pathway. Its detrimental effect after ischemia-induced damage includes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and posttranslational modifications of proteins via homocysteinylation and thiolation. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an adaptive response of the CNS to sub-lethal ischemia, which elevates tissues tolerance to subsequent ischemia. The main focus of this review is on the recent data on homocysteine metabolism and mechanisms of its neurotoxicity. In this context, the review documents an increased oxidative stress and functional modification of enzymes involved in redox balance in experimentally induced hyperhomocysteinemia. It also gives an interpretation whether hyperhomocysteinemia alone or in combination with IPC affects the ischemia-induced neurodegenerative changes as well as intracellular signaling. Studies document that hHcy alone significantly increased Fluoro-Jade C- and TUNEL-positive cell neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampus as well as in the cortex. IPC, even if combined with hHcy, could still preserve the neuronal tissue from the lethal ischemic effects. This review also describes the changes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein pathways following ischemic injury and IPC. These studies provide evidence for the interplay and tight integration between ERK and p38 MAPK signaling mechanisms in response to the hHcy and also in association of hHcy with ischemia/IPC challenge in the rat brain. Further investigations of the protective factors leading to ischemic tolerance and recognition of the co-morbid risk factors would result in development of new avenues for exploration of novel therapeutics against ischemia and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Lehotský
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava Martin, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Tothová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava Martin, Slovakia
| | - Maria Kovalská
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in BratislavaMartin, Slovakia; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in BratislavaMartin, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Dobrota
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anna Beňová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Kalenská
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava Martin, Slovakia
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Veeranki S, Givvimani S, Kundu S, Metreveli N, Pushpakumar S, Tyagi SC. Moderate intensity exercise prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy associated contractile dysfunction through restoration of mitochondrial function and connexin 43 levels in db/db mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:163-173. [PMID: 26827898 PMCID: PMC4789087 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well known, exercise induced effects and mechanisms in prevention of cardiomyopathy are less clear during obesity associated type-2 diabetes. The current study assessed the impact of moderate intensity exercise on diabetic cardiomyopathy by examining cardiac function and structure and mitochondrial function. METHODS Obese-diabetic (db/db), and lean control (db/+) mice, were subjected to a 5 week, 300 m run on a tread-mill for 5 days/week at the speeds of 10-11 m/min. Various physiological parameters were recorded and the heart function was evaluated with M-mode echocardiography. Contraction parameters and calcium transits were examined on isolated cardiomyocytes. At the molecular level: connexin 43 and 37 (Cx43 and 37) levels, mitochondrial biogenesis regulators: Mfn2 and Drp-1 levels, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and cytochrome c leakage were assessed through western blotting immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Ability of exercise to reverse oxygen consumption rate (OCR), tissue ATP levels, and cardiac fibrosis were also determined. RESULTS The exercise regimen was able to prevent diabetic cardiac functional deficiencies: ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS). Improvements in contraction velocity and contraction maximum were noted with the isolated cardiomyocytes. Restoration of interstitial and micro-vessels associated Cx43 levels and improved gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) were observed. The decline in the Mfn2/Drp-1 ratio in the db/db mice hearts was prevented after exercise. The exercise regimen further attenuated transmembrane potential decline and cytochrome c leakage. These corrections further led to improvements in OCR and tissue ATP levels and reduction in cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Moderate intensity exercise produced significant cardiovascular benefits by improving mitochondrial function through restoration of Cx43 networks and mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and prevention of excessive mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Srikanth Givvimani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Naira Metreveli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Suresh. C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Chernyavskiy I, Veeranki S, Sen U, Tyagi SC. Atherogenesis: hyperhomocysteinemia interactions with LDL, macrophage function, paraoxonase 1, and exercise. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1363:138-54. [PMID: 26849408 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite great strides in understanding the atherogenesis process, the mechanisms are not entirely known. In addition to diet, cigarette smoking, genetic predisposition, and hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), an accumulation of the noncoding sulfur-containing amino acid homocysteine (Hcy), is a significant contributor to atherogenesis. Although exercise decreases HHcy and increases longevity, the complete mechanism is unclear. In light of recent evidence, in this review, we focus on the effects of HHcy on macrophage function, differentiation, and polarization. Though there is need for further evidence, it is most likely that HHcy-mediated alterations in macrophage function are important contributors to atherogenesis, and HHcy-countering strategies, such as nutrition and exercise, should be included in the combinatorial regimens for effective prevention and regression of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, we also included a discussion on the effects of exercise on the HHcy-mediated atherogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Chernyavskiy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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