1
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Lygate CA. Maintaining energy provision in the heart: the creatine kinase system in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and chronic heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:491-514. [PMID: 38639724 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The non-stop provision of chemical energy is of critical importance to normal cardiac function, requiring the rapid turnover of ATP to power both relaxation and contraction. Central to this is the creatine kinase (CK) phosphagen system, which buffers local ATP levels to optimise the energy available from ATP hydrolysis, to stimulate energy production via the mitochondria and to smooth out mismatches between energy supply and demand. In this review, we discuss the changes that occur in high-energy phosphate metabolism (i.e., in ATP and phosphocreatine) during ischaemia and reperfusion, which represents an acute crisis of energy provision. Evidence is presented from preclinical models that augmentation of the CK system can reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury and improve functional recovery. Energetic impairment is also a hallmark of chronic heart failure, in particular, down-regulation of the CK system and loss of adenine nucleotides, which may contribute to pathophysiology by limiting ATP supply. Herein, we discuss the evidence for this hypothesis based on preclinical studies and in patients using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We conclude that the correlative evidence linking impaired energetics to cardiac dysfunction is compelling; however, causal evidence from loss-of-function models remains equivocal. Nevertheless, proof-of-principle studies suggest that augmentation of CK activity is a therapeutic target to improve cardiac function and remodelling in the failing heart. Further work is necessary to translate these findings to the clinic, in particular, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the CK system is regulated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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2
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Gupta A. Cardiac 31P MR spectroscopy: development of the past five decades and future vision-will it be of diagnostic use in clinics? Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:485-532. [PMID: 36427161 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past five decades, the use of the magnetic resonance (MR) technique for cardiovascular diseases has engendered much attention and raised the opportunity that the technique could be useful for clinical applications. MR has two arrows in its quiver: One is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the other is magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Non-invasively, highly advanced MRI provides unique and profound information about the anatomical changes of the heart. Excellently developed MRS provides irreplaceable and insightful evidence of the real-time biochemistry of cardiac metabolism of underpinning diseases. Compared to MRI, which has already been successfully applied in routine clinical practice, MRS still has a long way to travel to be incorporated into routine diagnostics. Considering the exceptional potential of 31P MRS to measure the real-time metabolic changes of energetic molecules qualitatively and quantitatively, how far its powerful technique should be waited before a successful transition from "bench-to-bedside" is enticing. The present review highlights the seminal studies on the chronological development of cardiac 31P MRS in the past five decades and the future vision and challenges to incorporating it for routine diagnostics of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gupta
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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3
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Maguire ML, McAndrew DJ, Lake HA, Ostrowski PJ, Zervou S, Neubauer S, Lygate CA, Schneider JE. Synergistic effect on cardiac energetics by targeting the creatine kinase system: in vivo application of high-resolution 31P-CMRS in the mouse. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:6. [PMID: 36740688 PMCID: PMC9900916 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-CMRS) has emerged as an important tool for the preclinical assessment of myocardial energetics in vivo. However, the high rate and diminutive size of the mouse heart is a challenge, resulting in low resolution and poor signal-to-noise. Here we describe a refined high-resolution 31P-CMRS technique and apply it to a novel double transgenic mouse (dTg) with elevated myocardial creatine and creatine kinase (CK) activity. We hypothesised a synergistic effect to augment energetic status, evidenced by an increase in the ratio of phosphocreatine-to-adenosine-triphosphate (PCr/ATP). METHODS AND RESULTS Single transgenic Creatine Transporter overexpressing (CrT-OE, n = 7) and dTg mice (CrT-OE and CK, n = 6) mice were anaesthetised with isoflurane to acquire 31P-CMRS measurements of the left ventricle (LV) utilising a two-dimensional (2D), threefold under-sampled density-weighted chemical shift imaging (2D-CSI) sequence, which provided high-resolution data with nominal voxel size of 8.5 µl within 70 min. (1H-) cine-CMR data for cardiac function assessment were obtained in the same imaging session. Under a separate examination, mice received invasive haemodynamic assessment, after which tissue was collected for biochemical analysis. Myocardial creatine levels were elevated in all mouse hearts, but only dTg exhibited significantly elevated CK activity, resulting in a 51% higher PCr/ATP ratio in heart (3.01 ± 0.96 vs. 2.04 ± 0.57-mean ± SD; dTg vs. CrT-OE), that was absent from adjacent skeletal muscle. No significant differences were observed for any parameters of LV structure and function, confirming that augmentation of CK activity does not have unforeseen consequences for the heart. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an improved 31P-CMRS methodology for the in vivo assessment of energetics in the murine heart which enabled high-resolution imaging within acceptable scan times. Mice over-expressing both creatine and CK in the heart exhibited a synergistic elevation in PCr/ATP that can now be tested for therapeutic potential in models of chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahon L Maguire
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Debra J McAndrew
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah A Lake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Ostrowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sevasti Zervou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jurgen E Schneider
- Experimental and Preclinical Imaging Centre (ePIC), Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocardial metabolism is intricately linked to cardiac function. Perturbations of cardiac energy metabolism result in an energy-starved heart and the development of contractile dysfunction. In this review, we discuss alterations in myocardial energy supply, transcriptional changes in response to different energy demands, and mitochondrial function in the development of heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies on substrate modulation through modifying energy substrate supply have shown cardioprotective properties. In addition, large cardiovascular outcome trials of anti-diabetic agents have demonstrated prognostic benefit, suggesting the importance of myocardial metabolism in cardiac function. Understanding molecular and transcriptional controls of cardiac metabolism promises new research avenues for metabolic treatment targets. Future studies assessing the impact of substrate modulation on cardiac energetic status and function will better inform development of metabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher May Ng
- Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Birkedal R, Laasmaa M, Branovets J, Vendelin M. Ontogeny of cardiomyocytes: ultrastructure optimization to meet the demand for tight communication in excitation-contraction coupling and energy transfer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210321. [PMID: 36189816 PMCID: PMC9527910 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ontogeny of the heart describes its development from the fetal to the adult stage. In newborn mammals, blood pressure and thus cardiac performance are relatively low. The cardiomyocytes are thin, and with a central core of mitochondria surrounded by a ring of myofilaments, while the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is sparse. During development, as blood pressure and performance increase, the cardiomyocytes become more packed with structures involved in excitation–contraction (e-c) coupling (SR and myofilaments) and the generation of ATP (mitochondria) to fuel the contraction. In parallel, the e-c coupling relies increasingly on calcium fluxes through the SR, while metabolism relies increasingly on fatty acid oxidation. The development of transverse tubules and SR brings channels and transporters interacting via calcium closer to each other and is crucial for e-c coupling. However, for energy transfer, it may seem counterintuitive that the increased structural density restricts the overall ATP/ADP diffusion. In this review, we discuss how this is because of the organization of all these structures forming modules. Although the overall diffusion across modules is more restricted, the energy transfer within modules is fast. A few studies suggest that in failing hearts this modular design is disrupted, and this may compromise intracellular energy transfer. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Birkedal
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia 15, room SCI-218, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia 15, room SCI-218, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jelena Branovets
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia 15, room SCI-218, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marko Vendelin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia 15, room SCI-218, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Wang C, Kim K, Yu X. Rapid In Vivo Quantification of Creatine Kinase Activity by Phosphorous-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Fingerprinting ( 31P-MRSF). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:597-609. [PMID: 34837201 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) plays an important role in tissue metabolism by providing a buffering mechanism for maintaining a constant supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during metabolic perturbations. Phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) employing magnetization transfer techniques is the only noninvasive method for measuring the rate of ATP synthesis via creatine kinase. However, due to the low concentrations of phosphate metabolites, current 31P-MRS methods require long acquisition time to achieve adequate measurement accuracy. In this chapter, we present a new framework of data acquisition and parameter estimation, the 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic fingerprinting (31P-MRSF) method, for rapid quantification of CK reaction rate constant in the hindlimb of small laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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7
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Lygate CA. The Pitfalls of in vivo Cardiac Physiology in Genetically Modified Mice - Lessons Learnt the Hard Way in the Creatine Kinase System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:685064. [PMID: 34054587 PMCID: PMC8160301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.685064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to fully understand gene function, at some point, it is necessary to study the effects in an intact organism. The creation of the first knockout mouse in the late 1980's gave rise to a revolution in the field of integrative physiology that continues to this day. There are many complex choices when selecting a strategy for genetic modification, some of which will be touched on in this review, but the principal focus is to highlight the potential problems and pitfalls arising from the interpretation of in vivo cardiac phenotypes. As an exemplar, we will scrutinize the field of cardiac energetics and the attempts to understand the role of the creatine kinase (CK) energy buffering and transport system in the intact organism. This story highlights the confounding effects of genetic background, sex, and age, as well as the difficulties in interpreting knockout models in light of promiscuous proteins and metabolic redundancy. It will consider the dose-dependent effects and unintended consequences of transgene overexpression, and the need for experimental rigour in the context of in vivo phenotyping techniques. It is intended that this review will not only bring clarity to the field of cardiac energetics, but also aid the non-expert in evaluating and critically assessing data arising from in vivo genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kim K, Gu Y, Wang CY, Clifford B, Huang S, Liang ZP, Yu X. Quantification of creatine kinase reaction rate in mouse hindlimb using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic fingerprinting. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4435. [PMID: 33111456 PMCID: PMC8324327 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, and efficiency of a 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopic fingerprinting (31 P-MRSF) method for fast quantification of the forward rate constant of creatine kinase (CK) in mouse hindlimb. The 31 P-MRSF method acquired spectroscopic fingerprints using interleaved acquisition of phosphocreatine (PCr) and γATP with ramped flip angles and a saturation scheme sensitive to chemical exchange between PCr and γATP. Parameter estimation was performed by matching the acquired fingerprints to a dictionary of simulated fingerprints generated from the Bloch-McConnell model. The accuracy of 31 P-MRSF measurements was compared with the magnetization transfer (MT-MRS) method in mouse hindlimb at 9.4 T (n = 8). The reproducibility of 31 P-MRSF was also assessed by repeated measurements. Estimation of the CK rate constant using 31 P-MRSF (0.39 ± 0.03 s-1 ) showed a strong agreement with that using MT-MRS measurements (0.40 ± 0.05 s-1 ). Variations less than 10% were achieved with 2 min acquisition of 31 P-MRSF data. Application of the 31 P-MRSF method to mice subjected to an electrical stimulation protocol detected an increase in CK rate constant in response to stimulation-induced muscle contraction. These results demonstrated the potential of the 31 P-MRSF framework for rapid, accurate, and reproducible quantification of the chemical exchange rate of CK in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yuning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charlie Y. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bryan Clifford
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sherry Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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9
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Branovets J, Karro N, Barsunova K, Laasmaa M, Lygate CA, Vendelin M, Birkedal R. Cardiac expression and location of hexokinase changes in a mouse model of pure creatine deficiency. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H613-H629. [PMID: 33337958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00188.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) is considered the main phosphotransfer system in the heart, important for overcoming diffusion restrictions and regulating mitochondrial respiration. It is substrate limited in creatine-deficient mice lacking l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) or guanidinoacetate N-methyltranferase (GAMT). Our aim was to determine the expression, activity, and mitochondrial coupling of hexokinase (HK) and adenylate kinase (AK), as these represent alternative energy transfer systems. In permeabilized cardiomyocytes, we assessed how much endogenous ADP generated by HK, AK, or CK stimulated mitochondrial respiration and how much was channeled to mitochondria. In whole heart homogenates, and cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, we measured the activities of AK, CK, and HK. Lastly, we assessed the expression of the major HK, AK, and CK isoforms. Overall, respiration stimulated by HK, AK, and CK was ∼25, 90, and 80%, respectively, of the maximal respiration rate, and ∼20, 0, and 25%, respectively, was channeled to the mitochondria. The activity, distribution, and expression of HK, AK, and CK did not change in GAMT knockout (KO) mice. In AGAT KO mice, we found no changes in AK, but we found a higher HK activity in the mitochondrial fraction, greater expression of HK I, but a lower stimulation of respiration by HK. Our findings suggest that mouse hearts depend less on phosphotransfer systems to facilitate ADP flux across the mitochondrial membrane. In AGAT KO mice, which are a model of pure creatine deficiency, the changes in HK may reflect changes in metabolism as well as influence mitochondrial regulation and reactive oxygen species production.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In creatine-deficient AGAT-/- and GAMT-/- mice, the myocardial creatine kinase system is substrate limited. It is unknown whether subcellular localization and mitochondrial ADP channeling by hexokinase and adenylate kinase may compensate as alternative phosphotransfer systems. Our results show no changes in adenylate kinase, which is the main alternative to creatine kinase in heart. However, we found increased expression and activity of hexokinase I in AGAT-/- cardiomyocytes. This could affect mitochondrial regulation and reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Branovets
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Niina Karro
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Karina Barsunova
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Vendelin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rikke Birkedal
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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10
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Li Y, Zhang D, Jin B, Xia L, Zhang A. Proteomic Analysis of Uterine Tissues During Peri-Implantation Period in Mice with Experimentally Induced Adenomyosis that Treated with anti-Ngf: Implications for Cell-Cell Adhesion and Metabolic Processes. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:207-217. [PMID: 32676925 PMCID: PMC7782370 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been verified to be expressed with higher level in adenomyosis uteri, and its neutralizing antibody has a strong inhibitory influence on inflammation. The present study aimed to explore the effect of anti-NGF on the expression of proteins in uteri of mice-induced adenomyosis and assessed its potential role in improving pregnancy rate. In this study, we established a mouse model of adenomyosis and administrated NGF-neutralizing antibody into mice. The mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the uteri during the implantation window was performed to explore the essential proteins participating in therapy. Besides, embryos of healthy mice were transferred into the uteri to assess the implantation rate. The results of MS analysis demonstrated that 119 proteins were changed in the adenomyosis group compared with control group, and 126 proteins were differentially expressed in the anti-NGF group compared with the adenomyosis group (fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05. After performing cluster analysis using Mfuzz package, we found that a group of proteins participated in cell-cell adhesion and metabolic processes, which were attenuated in the adenomyosis group, while those were successfully recovered by anti-NGF treatment. Western blotting confirmed that the expression levels of integrin alpha-1 (ITGA1), integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), laminin subunit gamma-1 (LAMC1), and creatine kinase M-type (CKM) were decreased in adenomyosis group, whereas those levels were elevated after anti-NGF treatment. Embryo implantation rate in the adenomyosis group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (2.31% vs. 26.15%, P < 0.001) and anti-NGF treatment slightly enhanced the embryo implantation rate in mice with experimentally induced adenomyosis (9.23% vs. 2.31%, P = 0.017). Our results revealed that anti-NGF therapy can improve fertility of mice with experimentally induced adenomyosis, possibly through promoting integrin-related proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Adenomyosis/drug therapy
- Adenomyosis/metabolism
- Adenomyosis/physiopathology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Embryo Implantation/drug effects
- Embryo Transfer
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Fertility/drug effects
- Fertility Agents, Female/pharmacology
- Infertility, Female/drug therapy
- Infertility, Female/metabolism
- Infertility, Female/physiopathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Nerve Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Uterus/drug effects
- Uterus/metabolism
- Uterus/physiopathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Bailing Jin
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Lan Xia
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
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11
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Piquereau J, Veksler V, Novotova M, Ventura-Clapier R. Energetic Interactions Between Subcellular Organelles in Striated Muscles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581045. [PMID: 33134298 PMCID: PMC7561670 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult striated muscle cells present highly organized structure with densely packed intracellular organelles and a very sparse cytosol accounting for only few percent of cell volume. These cells have a high and fluctuating energy demand that, in continuously working oxidative muscles, is fulfilled mainly by oxidative metabolism. ATP produced by mitochondria should be directed to the main energy consumers, ATPases of the excitation-contraction system; at the same time, ADP near ATPases should rapidly be eliminated. This is achieved by phosphotransfer kinases, the most important being creatine kinase (CK). Specific CK isoenzymes are located in mitochondria and in close proximity to ATPases, forming efficient energy shuttle between these structures. In addition to phosphotransfer kinases, ATP/ADP can be directly channeled between mitochondria co-localized with ATPases in a process called “direct adenine nucleotide channeling, DANC.” This process is highly plastic so that inactivation of the CK system increases the participation of DANC to energy supply owing to the rearrangement of cell structure. The machinery for DANC is built during postnatal development in parallel with the increase in mitochondrial mass, organization, and complexification of the cell structure. Disorganization of cell architecture remodels the mitochondrial network and decreases the efficacy of DANC, showing that this process is intimately linked to cardiomyocyte structure. Accordingly, in heart failure, disorganization of the cell structure along with decrease in mitochondrial mass reduces the efficacy of DANC and together with alteration of the CK shuttle participates in energetic deficiency contributing to contractile failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Piquereau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marta Novotova
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Whittington HJ, Ostrowski PJ, McAndrew DJ, Cao F, Shaw A, Eykyn TR, Lake HA, Tyler J, Schneider JE, Neubauer S, Zervou S, Lygate CA. Over-expression of mitochondrial creatine kinase in the murine heart improves functional recovery and protects against injury following ischaemia-reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:858-869. [PMID: 29509881 PMCID: PMC5909653 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mitochondrial creatine kinase (MtCK) couples ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation to phosphocreatine in the cytosol, which acts as a mobile energy store available for regeneration of ATP at times of high demand. We hypothesized that elevating MtCK would be beneficial in ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods and results Mice were created over-expressing the sarcomeric MtCK gene with αMHC promoter at the Rosa26 locus (MtCK-OE) and compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. MtCK activity was 27% higher than WT, with no change in other CK isoenzymes or creatine levels. Electron microscopy confirmed normal mitochondrial cell density and mitochondrial localization of transgenic protein. Respiration in isolated mitochondria was unaltered and metabolomic analysis by 1 H-NMR suggests that cellular metabolism was not grossly affected by transgene expression. There were no significant differences in cardiac structure or function under baseline conditions by cine-MRI or LV haemodynamics. In Langendorff-perfused hearts subjected to 20 min ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion, MtCK-OE exhibited less ischaemic contracture, and improved functional recovery (Rate pressure product 58% above WT; P < 0.001). These hearts had reduced myocardial infarct size, which was confirmed in vivo: 55 ± 4% in WT vs. 29 ± 4% in MtCK-OE; P < 0.0001). Isolated cardiomyocytes from MtCK-OE hearts exhibited delayed opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) compared to WT, which was confirmed by reduced mitochondrial swelling in response to calcium. There was no detectable change in the structural integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. Conclusions Modest elevation of MtCK activity in the heart does not adversely affect cellular metabolism, mitochondrial or in vivo cardiac function, but modifies mPTP opening to protect against I/R injury and improve functional recovery. Our findings support MtCK as a prime therapeutic target in myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Whittington
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Philip J Ostrowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Debra J McAndrew
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Fang Cao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hannah A Lake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jack Tyler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jurgen E Schneider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Experimental and Preclinical Imaging Centre (ePIC), Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sevasti Zervou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Chen F, Zhu K, Chen L, Ouyang L, Chen C, Gu L, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Lin Z, Zhang Q, Shao X, Dai J, Zhao Y. Protein target identification of ginsenosides in skeletal muscle tissues: discovery of natural small-molecule activators of muscle-type creatine kinase. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:461-474. [PMID: 32372868 PMCID: PMC7195589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng effectively reduces fatigue in both animal models and clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action is not completely understood, and its molecular targets remain largely unknown. Methods By screening for proteins that interact with the primary components of ginseng (ginsenosides) in an affinity chromatography assay, we have identified muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) as a potential target in skeletal muscle tissues. Results Biolayer interferometry analysis showed that ginsenoside metabolites, instead of parent ginsenosides, had direct interaction with recombinant human CK-MM. Subsequently, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), which is a ginsenoside metabolite and displayed the strongest interaction with CK-MM in the study, was selected as a representative to confirm direct binding and its biological importance. Biolayer interferometry kinetics analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry assay demonstrated that PPD specifically bound to human CK-MM. Moreover, the mutation of key amino acids predicted by molecular docking decreased the affinity between PPD and CK-MM. The direct binding activated CK-MM activity in vitro and in vivo, which increased the levels of tissue phosphocreatine and strengthened the function of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system in skeletal muscle, thus buffering cellular ATP, delaying exercise-induced lactate accumulation, and improving exercise performance in mice. Conclusion Our results suggest a cellular target and an initiating molecular event by which ginseng reduces fatigue. All these findings indicate PPD as a small molecular activator of CK-MM, which can help in further developing better CK-MM activators based on the dammarane-type triterpenoid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liufeng Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Pathological Sciences, College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Cuihua Chen
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yucui Jiang
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Nursing, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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14
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The creatine kinase system as a therapeutic target for myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1119-1127. [PMID: 30242115 PMCID: PMC6195634 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Restoring blood flow following an acute myocardial infarction saves lives, but results in tissue damage due to ischaemia–reperfusion injury (I/R). Ameliorating this damage is a major research goal to improve recovery and reduce subsequent morbidity due to heart failure. Both the ischaemic and reperfusion phases represent crises of cellular energy provision in which the mitochondria play a central role. This mini-review will explore the rationale and therapeutic potential of augmenting the creatine kinase (CK) energy shuttle, which constitutes the primary short-term energy buffer and transport system in the cardiomyocyte. Proof-of-principle data from several transgenic mouse models have demonstrated robust cardioprotection by either raising myocardial creatine levels or by overexpressing specific CK isoforms. The effect on cardiac function, high-energy phosphates and myocardial injury will be discussed and possible directions for future research highlighted. We conclude that the CK system represents a viable target for therapeutic intervention in I/R injury; however, much needed translational studies will require the development of new pharmacological tools.
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Abstract
Isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) generate and use phosphocreatine, a concentrated and highly diffusible cellular "high energy" intermediate, for the main purpose of energy buffering and transfer in order to maintain cellular energy homeostasis. The mitochondrial CK isoform (mtCK) localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane and cristae space, where it assembles into peripherally membrane-bound, large cuboidal homooctamers. These are part of proteolipid complexes wherein mtCK directly interacts with cardiolipin and other anionic phospholipids, as well as with the VDAC channel in the outer membrane. This leads to a stabilization and cross-linking of inner and outer mitochondrial membrane, forming so-called contact sites. Also the adenine nucleotide translocator of the inner membrane can be recruited into these proteolipid complexes, probably mediated by cardiolipin. The complexes have functions mainly in energy transfer to the cytosol and stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation, but also in restraining formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. In vitro evidence indicates a putative role of mtCK in mitochondrial phospholipid distribution, and most recently a role in thermogenesis has been proposed. This review summarizes the essential structural and functional data of these mtCK complexes and describes in more detail the more recent advances in phospholipid interaction, thermogenesis, cancer and evolution of mtCK.
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Xia Z, Du H, Gao Y, Xue D, Zhu Z, Chai Y. Metabolic profiles revealed anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury of Yangxinshi tablet in Rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:124-133. [PMID: 28889959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious injury that is resulted from the recovery of blood supply after myocardial ischemia. Yangxinshi tablet is a compound Chinese herbal preparation and often used to alleviate the myocardial ischemia in clinical, but its protective mechanism of anti-myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-I/R injury effect of Yangxinshi tablet on a myocardial I/R rat model and to identify serum biomarker metabolites associated with I/R based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) metabolomic method, and explore the metabolic mechanism of anti-I/R injury of Yangxinshi tablet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unsupervised principle component analysis highlighted significant differences in the metabolome of the myocardial I/R, healthy control and drug-treated rats. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis revealed 25 metabolites as the most potential biomarker metabolites discriminating the myocardial I/R rats and control rats. Most of the metabolites were primarily involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism. These metabolites were validated by assessing the efficacy after intragastric administration of Yangxinshit ablet to the myocardial I/R rat model. RESULTS Based on metabolomic results, the action mechanism of anti-I/R injury of Yangxinshi tablet was concluded as follows: (1) enhance the ability of scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species in vivo; (2) provide energy for myocardium via accelerating the intracellular carnitine transportion to accelerate the oxidation of fatty acid and (3) attenuate ceramide to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Yangxinshi tablet has cardio-protection effects on I/R rats via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways involving in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolisms. This study will be meaningful for its clinical application and valuable for further exploring the action mechanism of Yangxinshi tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co.Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengxiang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Hongli Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co.Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Increasing creatine kinase activity protects against hypoxia / reoxygenation injury but not against anthracycline toxicity in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182994. [PMID: 28806770 PMCID: PMC5555628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The creatine kinase (CK) phosphagen system is fundamental to cellular energy homeostasis. Cardiomyocytes express three CK isoforms, namely the mitochondrial sarcomeric CKMT2 and the cytoplasmic CKM and CKB. We hypothesized that augmenting CK in vitro would preserve cell viability and function and sought to determine efficacy of the various isoforms. The open reading frame of each isoform was cloned into pcDNA3.1, followed by transfection and stable selection in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). CKMT2- CKM- and CKB-HEK293 cells had increased protein and total CK activity compared to non-transfected cells. Overexpressing any of the three CK isoforms reduced cell death in response to 18h hypoxia at 1% O2 followed by 2h re-oxygenation as assayed using propidium iodide: by 33% in CKMT2, 47% in CKM and 58% in CKB compared to non-transfected cells (P<0.05). Loading cells with creatine did not modify cell survival. Transient expression of CK isoforms in HL-1 cardiac cells elevated isoenzyme activity, but only CKMT2 over-expression protected against hypoxia (0.1% for 24h) and reoxygenation demonstrating 25% less cell death compared to non-transfected control (P<0.01). The same cells were not protected from doxorubicin toxicity (250nM for 48h), in contrast to the positive control. These findings support increased CK activity as protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury, in particular, protection via CKMT2 in a cardiac-relevant cell line, which merits further investigation in vivo.
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18
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Peterzan MA, Lygate CA, Neubauer S, Rider OJ. Metabolic remodeling in hypertrophied and failing myocardium: a review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28646030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00731.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The energy starvation hypothesis proposes that maladaptive metabolic remodeling antedates, initiates, and maintains adverse contractile dysfunction in heart failure (HF). Better understanding of the cardiac metabolic phenotype and metabolic signaling could help identify the role metabolic remodeling plays within HF and the conditions known to transition toward HF, including "pathological" hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss metabolic phenotype and metabolic signaling in the contexts of pathological hypertrophy and HF. We discuss the significance of alterations in energy supply (substrate utilization, oxidative capacity, and phosphotransfer) and energy sensing using observations from human and animal disease models and models of manipulated energy supply/sensing. We aim to provide ways of thinking about metabolic remodeling that center around metabolic flexibility, capacity (reserve), and efficiency rather than around particular substrate preferences or transcriptomic profiles. We show that maladaptive metabolic remodeling takes multiple forms across multiple energy-handling domains. We suggest that lack of metabolic flexibility and reserve (substrate, oxidative, and phosphotransfer) represents a final common denominator ultimately compromising efficiency and contractile reserve in stressful contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Peterzan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Gupta A, Houston B. A comprehensive review of the bioenergetics of fatty acid and glucose metabolism in the healthy and failing heart in nondiabetic condition. Heart Fail Rev 2017; 22:825-842. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Tepp K, Timohhina N, Puurand M, Klepinin A, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Kaambre T. Bioenergetics of the aging heart and skeletal muscles: Modern concepts and controversies. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:1-14. [PMID: 27063513 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Age-related alterations in the bioenergetics of the heart and oxidative skeletal muscle tissues are of crucial influence on their performance. Until now the prevailing concept of aging was the mitochondrial theory, the increased production of reactive oxygen species, mediated by deficiency in the activity of respiratory chain complexes. However, studies with mitochondria in situ have presented results which, to some extent, disagree with previous ones, indicating that the mitochondrial theory of aging may be overestimated. The studies reporting age-related decline in mitochondrial function were performed using mainly isolated mitochondria. Measurements on this level are not able to take into account the system level properties. The relevant information can be obtained only from appropriate studies using cells or tissue fibers. The functional interactions between the components of Intracellular Energetic Unit (ICEU) regulate the energy production and consumption in oxidative muscle cells. The alterations of these interactions in ICEU should be studied in order to find a more effective protocol to decelerate the age-related changes taking place in the energy metabolism. In this article, an overview is given of the present theories and controversies of causes of age-related alterations in bioenergetics. Also, branches of study, which need more emphasis, are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Faculty of Science, Tallinn University, Narva mnt. 25, 10120, Estonia
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21
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Simson P, Jepihhina N, Laasmaa M, Peterson P, Birkedal R, Vendelin M. Restricted ADP movement in cardiomyocytes: Cytosolic diffusion obstacles are complemented with a small number of open mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:197-203. [PMID: 27261153 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adequate intracellular energy transfer is crucial for proper cardiac function. In energy starved failing hearts, partial restoration of energy transfer can rescue mechanical performance. There are two types of diffusion obstacles that interfere with energy transfer from mitochondria to ATPases: mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) with voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) permeable to small hydrophilic molecules and cytoplasmatic diffusion barriers grouping ATP-producers and -consumers. So far, there is no method developed to clearly distinguish the contributions of cytoplasmatic barriers and MOM to the overall diffusion restriction. Furthermore, the number of open VDACs in vivo remains unknown. The aim of this work was to establish the partitioning of intracellular diffusion obstacles in cardiomyocytes. We studied the response of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of permeabilized rat cardiomyocytes to changes in extracellular ADP by recording 3D image stacks of NADH autofluorescence. Using cell-specific mathematical models, we determined the permeability of MOM and cytoplasmatic barriers. We found that only ~2% of VDACs are accessible to cytosolic ADP and cytoplasmatic diffusion barriers reduce the apparent diffusion coefficient by 6-10×. In cardiomyocytes, diffusion barriers in the cytoplasm and by the MOM restrict ADP/ATP diffusion to similar extents suggesting a major role of both barriers in energy transfer and other intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivo Simson
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia Rd 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Jepihhina
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia Rd 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia Rd 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Pearu Peterson
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia Rd 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rikke Birkedal
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia Rd 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marko Vendelin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia Rd 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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22
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Whittington HJ, McAndrew DJ, Cross RL, Neubauer S, Lygate CA. Protective Effect of Creatine Elevation against Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury Is Retained in the Presence of Co-Morbidities and during Cardioplegia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146429. [PMID: 26765737 PMCID: PMC4713158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Ischaemic heart disease is most prevalent in the ageing population and often exists with other comorbidities; however the majority of laboratory research uses young, healthy animal models. Several recent workshops and focus meetings have highlighted the importance of using clinically relevant models to help aid translation to realistic patient populations. We have previously shown that mice over-expressing the creatine transporter (CrT-OE) have elevated intracellular creatine levels and are protected against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Here we test whether elevating intracellular creatine levels retains a cardioprotective effect in the presence of common comorbidities and whether it is additive to protection afforded by hypothermic cardioplegia. Methods and Results CrT-OE mice and wild-type controls were subjected to transverse aortic constriction for two weeks to induce compensated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Hearts were retrogradely perfused in Langendorff mode for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes ischaemia and 30 minutes reperfusion. CrT-OE hearts exhibited significantly improved functional recovery (Rate pressure product) during reperfusion compared to WT littermates (76% of baseline vs. 59%, respectively, P = 0.02). Aged CrT-OE mouse hearts (78±5 weeks) also had enhanced recovery following 15 minutes ischaemia (104% of baseline vs. 67%, P = 0.0007). The cardioprotective effect of hypothermic high K+ cardioplegic arrest, as used during cardiac surgery and donor heart transplant, was further enhanced in prolonged ischaemia (90 minutes) in CrT-OE Langendorff perfused mouse hearts (76% of baseline vs. 55% of baseline as seen in WT hearts, P = 0.02). Conclusions These observations in clinically relevant models further support the development of modulators of intracellular creatine content as a translatable strategy for cardiac protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Whittington
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Debra J. McAndrew
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Cross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A. Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Bakermans AJ, Abdurrachim D, Moonen RPM, Motaal AG, Prompers JJ, Strijkers GJ, Vandoorne K, Nicolay K. Small animal cardiovascular MR imaging and spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 88-89:1-47. [PMID: 26282195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of MR imaging and spectroscopy for studying cardiovascular disease processes in small animals has increased tremendously over the past decade. This is the result of the remarkable advances in MR technologies and the increased availability of genetically modified mice. MR techniques provide a window on the entire timeline of cardiovascular disease development, ranging from subtle early changes in myocardial metabolism that often mark disease onset to severe myocardial dysfunction associated with end-stage heart failure. MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques play an important role in basic cardiovascular research and in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapy follow-up. This is due to the broad range of functional, structural and metabolic parameters that can be quantified by MR under in vivo conditions non-invasively. This review describes the spectrum of MR techniques that are employed in small animal cardiovascular disease research and how the technological challenges resulting from the small dimensions of heart and blood vessels as well as high heart and respiratory rates, particularly in mice, are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus J Bakermans
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rik P M Moonen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah G Motaal
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Vandoorne
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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24
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Mohammed Abdul KS, Jovanović S, Du Q, Sukhodub A, Jovanović A. A link between ATP and SUR2A: A novel mechanism explaining cardioprotection at high altitude. Int J Cardiol 2015; 189:73-6. [PMID: 25885875 PMCID: PMC4461008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaja Shameem Mohammed Abdul
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Sofija Jovanović
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Qingyou Du
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Andriy Sukhodub
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aleksandar Jovanović
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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25
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Guzun R, Kaambre T, Bagur R, Grichine A, Usson Y, Varikmaa M, Anmann T, Tepp K, Timohhina N, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Boucher F, Dos Santos P, Schlattner U, Wallimann T, Kuznetsov AV, Dzeja P, Aliev M, Saks V. Modular organization of cardiac energy metabolism: energy conversion, transfer and feedback regulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:84-106. [PMID: 24666671 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To meet high cellular demands, the energy metabolism of cardiac muscles is organized by precise and coordinated functioning of intracellular energetic units (ICEUs). ICEUs represent structural and functional modules integrating multiple fluxes at sites of ATP generation in mitochondria and ATP utilization by myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma ion-pump ATPases. The role of ICEUs is to enhance the efficiency of vectorial intracellular energy transfer and fine tuning of oxidative ATP synthesis maintaining stable metabolite levels to adjust to intracellular energy needs through the dynamic system of compartmentalized phosphoryl transfer networks. One of the key elements in regulation of energy flux distribution and feedback communication is the selective permeability of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) which represents a bottleneck in adenine nucleotide and other energy metabolite transfer and microcompartmentalization. Based on the experimental and theoretical (mathematical modelling) arguments, we describe regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis within ICEUs allowing heart workload to be linearly correlated with oxygen consumption ensuring conditions of metabolic stability, signal communication and synchronization. Particular attention was paid to the structure-function relationship in the development of ICEU, and the role of mitochondria interaction with cytoskeletal proteins, like tubulin, in the regulation of MOM permeability in response to energy metabolic signals providing regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Emphasis was given to the importance of creatine metabolism for the cardiac energy homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Guzun
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiology; University Hospital; Grenoble France
| | - T. Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - R. Bagur
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
- Experimental, Theoretical and Applied Cardio-Respiratory Physiology; Laboratory TIMC-IMAG; UMR5525; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - A. Grichine
- Life Science Imaging - In Vitro Platform; IAB CRI INSERM U823; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - Y. Usson
- Experimental, Theoretical and Applied Cardio-Respiratory Physiology; Laboratory TIMC-IMAG; UMR5525; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - M. Varikmaa
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - T. Anmann
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - K. Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - N. Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - I. Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - V. Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - F. Boucher
- Experimental, Theoretical and Applied Cardio-Respiratory Physiology; Laboratory TIMC-IMAG; UMR5525; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - P. Dos Santos
- University of Bordeaux Segalen; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux France
| | - U. Schlattner
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - T. Wallimann
- Emeritus; Biology Department; ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. V. Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory; Department of Heart Surgery; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - P. Dzeja
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - M. Aliev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology; Cardiology Research Center; Moscow Russia
| | - V. Saks
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
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26
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Birkedal R, Laasmaa M, Vendelin M. The location of energetic compartments affects energetic communication in cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2014; 5:376. [PMID: 25324784 PMCID: PMC4178378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart relies on accurate regulation of mitochondrial energy supply to match energy demand. The main regulators are Ca2+ and feedback of ADP and Pi. Regulation via feedback has intrigued for decades. First, the heart exhibits a remarkable metabolic stability. Second, diffusion of ADP and other molecules is restricted specifically in heart and red muscle, where a fast feedback is needed the most. To explain the regulation by feedback, compartmentalization must be taken into account. Experiments and theoretical approaches suggest that cardiomyocyte energetic compartmentalization is elaborate with barriers obstructing diffusion in the cytosol and at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). A recent study suggests the barriers are organized in a lattice with dimensions in agreement with those of intracellular structures. Here, we discuss the possible location of these barriers. The more plausible scenario includes a barrier at the level of MOM. Much research has focused on how the permeability of MOM itself is regulated, and the importance of the creatine kinase system to facilitate energetic communication. We hypothesize that at least part of the diffusion restriction at the MOM level is not by MOM itself, but due to the close physical association between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria. This will explain why animals with a disabled creatine kinase system exhibit rather mild phenotype modifications. Mitochondria are hubs of energetics, but also ROS production and signaling. The close association between SR and mitochondria may form a diffusion barrier to ADP added outside a permeabilized cardiomyocyte. But in vivo, it is the structural basis for the mitochondrial-SR coupling that is crucial for the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+-transients to regulate energetics, and for avoiding Ca2+-overload and irreversible opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Birkedal
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marko Vendelin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia
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27
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Santacruz L, Hernandez A, Nienaber J, Mishra R, Pinilla M, Burchette J, Mao L, Rockman HA, Jacobs DO. Normal cardiac function in mice with supraphysiological cardiac creatine levels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H373-81. [PMID: 24271489 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00411.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Creatine and phosphocreatine levels are decreased in heart failure, and reductions in myocellular phosphocreatine levels predict the severity of the disease and portend adverse outcomes. Previous studies of transgenic mouse models with increased creatine content higher than two times baseline showed the development of heart failure and shortened lifespan. Given phosphocreatine's role in buffering ATP content, we tested the hypothesis whether elevated cardiac creatine content would alter cardiac function under normal physiological conditions. Here, we report the creation of transgenic mice that overexpress the human creatine transporter (CrT) in cardiac muscle under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Cardiac transgene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR, and human CrT protein expression was documented on Western blots and immunohistochemistry using a specific anti-CrT antibody. High-energy phosphate metabolites and cardiac function were measured in transgenic animals and compared with age-matched, wild-type controls. Adult transgenic animals showed increases of 5.7- and 4.7-fold in the content of creatine and free ADP, respectively. Phosphocreatine and ATP levels were two times as high in young transgenic animals but declined to control levels by the time the animals reached 8 wk of age. Transgenic mice appeared to be healthy and had normal life spans. Cardiac morphometry, conscious echocardiography, and pressure-volume loop studies demonstrated mild hypertrophy but normal function. Based on our characterization of the human CrT protein expression, creatine and phosphocreatine content, and cardiac morphometry and function, these transgenic mice provide an in vivo model for examining the therapeutic value of elevated creatine content for cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Santacruz
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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28
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Yaniv Y, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Age-related changes of myocardial ATP supply and demand mechanisms. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:495-505. [PMID: 23845538 PMCID: PMC3783621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In advanced age, the resting myocardial oxygen consumption rate (MVO2) and cardiac work (CW) in the rat remain intact. However, MVO2, CW and cardiac efficiency achieved at high demand are decreased with age, compared to maximal values in the young. Whether this deterioration is due to decrease in myocardial ATP demand, ATP supply, or the control mechanisms that match them remains controversial. Here we discuss evolving perspectives of age-related changes of myocardial ATP supply and demand mechanisms, and critique experimental models used to investigate aging. Specifically, we evaluate experimental data collected at the level of isolated mitochondria, tissue, or organism, and discuss how mitochondrial energetic mechanisms change in advanced age, both at basal and high energy-demand levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Yaniv
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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