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Choque-Quispe BM, Vásquez-Velásquez C, Gonzales GF. Evaluation of dietary composition between hemoglobin categories, total body iron content and adherence to multi-micronutrients in preschooler residents of the highlands of Puno, Peru. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:28. [PMID: 38347656 PMCID: PMC10860272 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anemia prevalence is higher in highlands populations. It is assumed that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children is mainly due to low dietary intake. However, other suggest that high prevalence of anemia is due to an inappropriate hemoglobin (Hb) adjustment for altitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted in 338 preschoolers (PSC) from Puno-Peru. Hb was measured in whole blood, and ferritin, Soluble transferrin receptor, and Interleukin 6 in serum.The dietary iron intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall, using NutriCap Software. Hb concentration was assessed as adjusted or unadjusted for altitude. RESULTS With unadjusted Hb, the anemia prevalence was 4.7%, whereas after Hb correction, the prevalence raised-up to 65.6% (p < 0.001). Reciprocally, erythrocytosis proportion decreased from 20.35 to 0.30% (p < 0.001). Total Body Iron (TBI) showed that 7.44% had ID and 0.32% had IDA. PSC with normal unadjusted Hb levels have more protein and micronutrients intake than anemic ones. PSC with erythrocytosis consumed less fat, and more niacin and ascorbic acid than anemics. Total iron intake was lower in anemic than the other groups, but without statistical significance due to the standard deviation of the data in a small number of anemic PSC (n = 16). TBI, unadjusted Hb, and adjusted Hb were not different between groups consuming or not multimicronutrients. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of iron and iron status in children who live at high altitude is adequate, and that anemia could be due to other micronutrient deficiencies and/or that the adjustment of Hb by altitude is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cinthya Vásquez-Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción (Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Gustavo F Gonzales
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción (Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Kumar P, Bharti VK, Mukesh M. Chemometric Analysis of Antioxidant and Mineral Elements in Colostrum of Native and Non-native Goat Breeds to Hypoxic Conditions at High Altitude. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:446-453. [PMID: 31667684 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum of goat is a well-known nutritional source of animal product, which is attributed to innumerable nutritional properties. To enrich nutritional resources for understanding various nutritional values of animal product at high altitude, chemometric analysis of antioxidant and mineral element study was carried out by comparing antioxidants capacity, free radical scavenging activity, and certain mineral elements in colostrums of native and non-native goat breeds. Colostrum samples were collected from native Changthangi (CNG) and non-native Sirohi (SIRO) goat breeds, situated at naturally exposed high altitude of 3505.2 m above mean sea level. The antioxidant of samples was measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity assay, and mineral elemental quantification of Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Co, Cu, K, Ca, B, Ni, and Cr was performed using ICP-OES. The values of FRAP, DPPH, and Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Co, Cu, K, and Ca in colostrums of native goat breed was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than the non-native goat. These data conclude that high altitude native goat has more antioxidant and mineral elements in colostrum than non-native colostrum. This study could provide a basis for establishing the role of colostrum supplements as a natural source to strengthen the endurance to modalities for the survival of newborn kids of goat within the native high altitude environment. This is the first report of a comparative chemometric analysis of colostrums of goat species and can be utilized to characterize the nutritional aspect of animal product with unique antioxidant and mineral nutrients composition in colostrum of goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar
- DRDO- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh, India.
| | - Vijay K Bharti
- DRDO- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh, India.
| | - M Mukesh
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Karnal, Haryana, India
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Hirschler V, Martin M, Molinari C, Botta E, Tetzlaff WF, Brites F. Activity of Lipoprotein-Associated Enzymes in Indigenous Children Living at Different Altitudes. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:98-104. [PMID: 31495396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High altitude is associated with hypobaric hypoxia, and metabolic modifications. In particular, alterations to lipoprotein-associated enzymes have been reported under hypoxia. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) and Cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) activities and altitude in two groups of Argentinean Indigenous schoolchildren living at different altitudes. METHODS A cross-sectional study compared 151 schoolchildren from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), 3,750 m, with 175 schoolchildren from Chicoana (CH), 1,400 m. Anthropometric data, lipids, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, plus PON-1 and CETP activities were determined. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight/obesity was significantly lower in SAC than in CH. Z- BMI (0.3 vs 0.7), Apo A-I/Apo B (1.67 vs. 1.85) and PON-1 (170 vs. 243 nmol/mL.min) were significantly lower in SAC than in CH, respectively. Total cholesterol (156 vs 144 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG) (119 vs. 94 mg/dL), apo A-I (133 vs. 128 mg/dL), apo B (84 vs. 73 mg/dL), hematocrit (48 vs. 41%), transferrin (295 vs. 260 mg/dL) and CETP (181 vs. 150%/mL.h) were significantly higher in SAC than in CH. There was a significant univariate association between altitude and transferrin (r0.38), hematocrit (r0.75), TG (r0.24), apo B (r0.29), PON-1 (r-0.40), and CETP (r0.37). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that altitude was significantly associated with children's TG (β = 0.28, R2 = 0.14), HDL-C (β = ‒0.27; R2 = 0.23), apo B (β = 0.32; R2 = 0.14), CETP (β = 0.38; R2 = 0.15) and PON-1 (β = ‒0.36; R2 = 0.16), adjusted for age, gender and BMI. CONCLUSION SAC children presented a more atherogenic lipid profile, plus lower PON1 and higher CETP activities, than CH children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Eliana Botta
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Francisco Tetzlaff
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Simpson LL, Busch SA, Oliver SJ, Ainslie PN, Stembridge M, Steinback CD, Moore JP. Baroreflex control of sympathetic vasomotor activity and resting arterial pressure at high altitude: insight from Lowlanders and Sherpa. J Physiol 2019; 597:2379-2390. [PMID: 30893472 DOI: 10.1113/jp277663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Hypoxia, a potent activator of the sympathetic nervous system, is known to increase muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the peripheral vasculature of native Lowlanders during sustained high altitude (HA) exposure. We show that the arterial baroreflex control of MSNA functions normally in healthy Lowlanders at HA, and that upward baroreflex resetting permits chronic activation of basal sympathetic vasomotor activity under this condition. The baroreflex MSNA operating point and resting sympathetic vasomotor outflow both are lower for highland Sherpa compared to acclimatizing Lowlanders; these lower levels may represent beneficial hypoxic adaptation in Sherpa. Acute hyperoxia at HA had minimal effect on baroreflex control of MSNA in Lowlanders and Sherpa, raising the possibility that mechanisms other than peripheral chemoreflex activation contribute to vascular sympathetic baroreflex resetting and sympathoexcitation. These findings provide a better understanding of sympathetic nervous system activation and the control of blood pressure during the physiological stress of sustained HA hypoxia. ABSTRACT Exposure to high altitude (HA) is characterized by heightened muscle sympathetic neural activity (MSNA); however, the effect on arterial baroreflex control of MSNA is unknown. Furthermore, arterial baroreflex control at HA may be influenced by genotypic and phenotypic differences between lowland and highland natives. Fourteen Lowlanders (12 male) and nine male Sherpa underwent haemodynamic and sympathetic neural assessment at low altitude (Lowlanders, low altitude; 344 m, Sherpa, Kathmandu; 1400 m) and following gradual ascent to 5050 m. Beat-by-beat haemodynamics (photoplethysmography) and MSNA (microneurography) were recorded lying supine. Indices of vascular sympathetic baroreflex function were determined from the relationship of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and corresponding MSNA at rest (i.e. DBP 'operating pressure' and MSNA 'operating point'), as well as during a modified Oxford baroreflex test (i.e. 'gain'). Operating pressure and gain were unchanged for Lowlanders during HA exposure; however, the operating point was reset upwards (48 ± 16 vs. 22 ± 12 bursts 100 HB-1 , P = 0.001). Compared to Lowlanders at 5050 m, Sherpa had similar gain and operating pressure, although the operating point was lower (30 ± 13 bursts 100 HB-1 , P = 0.02); MSNA burst frequency was lower for Sherpa (22 ± 11 vs. 30 ± 9 bursts min-1 P = 0.03). Breathing 100% oxygen did not alter vascular sympathetic baroreflex function for either group at HA. For Lowlanders, upward baroreflex resetting promotes heightened sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and maintains blood pressure stability, at least during early HA exposure; mechanisms other than peripheral chemoreflex activation could be involved. Sherpa adaptation appears to favour a lower sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity compared to Lowlanders for blood pressure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L Simpson
- Extremes Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Stephen A Busch
- Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel J Oliver
- Extremes Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, BC, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Craig D Steinback
- Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Moore
- Extremes Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
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Zouboules SM, Lafave HC, O'Halloran KD, Brutsaert TD, Nysten HE, Nysten CE, Steinback CD, Sherpa MT, Day TA. Renal reactivity: acid-base compensation during incremental ascent to high altitude. J Physiol 2018; 596:6191-6203. [PMID: 30267579 DOI: 10.1113/jp276973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ascent to high altitude imposes an acid-base challenge in which renal compensation is integral for maintaining pH homeostasis, facilitating acclimatization and helping prevent mountain sicknesses. The time-course and extent of plasticity of this important renal response during incremental ascent to altitude is unclear. We created a novel index that accurately quantifies renal acid-base compensation, which may have laboratory, fieldwork and clinical applications. Using this index, we found that renal compensation increased and plateaued after 5 days of incremental altitude exposure, suggesting plasticity in renal acid-base compensation mechanisms. The time-course and extent of plasticity in renal responsiveness may predict severity of altitude illness or acclimatization at higher or more prolonged stays at altitude. ABSTRACT Ascent to high altitude, and the associated hypoxic ventilatory response, imposes an acid-base challenge, namely chronic hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. The kidneys impart a relative compensatory metabolic acidosis through the elimination of bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) in urine. The time-course and extent of plasticity of the renal response during incremental ascent is unclear. We developed an index of renal reactivity (RR), indexing the relative change in arterial bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3 - ]a ) (i.e. renal response) against the relative change in arterial pressure of CO2 ( P aC O 2 ) (i.e. renal stimulus) during incremental ascent to altitude ( Δ [ HC O 3 - ] a / Δ P aC O 2 ). We aimed to assess whether: (i) RR magnitude was inversely correlated with relative changes in arterial pH (ΔpHa ) with ascent and (ii) RR increased over time and altitude exposure (i.e. plasticity). During ascent to 5160 m over 10 days in the Nepal Himalaya, arterial blood was drawn from the radial artery for measurement of blood gas/acid-base variables in lowlanders at 1045/1400 m and after 1 night of sleep at 3440 m (day 3), 3820 m (day 5), 4240 m (day 7) and 5160 m (day 10) during ascent. At 3820 m and higher, RR significantly increased and plateaued compared to 3440 m (P < 0.04), suggesting plasticity in renal acid-base compensations. At all altitudes, we observed a strong negative correlation (r ≤ -0.71; P < 0.001) between RR and ΔpHa from baseline. Renal compensation plateaued after 5 days of altitude exposure, despite subsequent exposure to higher altitudes. The time-course, extent of plasticity and plateau in renal responsiveness may predict severity of altitude illness or acclimatization at higher or more prolonged stays at altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaelynn M Zouboules
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hailey C Lafave
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Cassandra E Nysten
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig D Steinback
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Trevor A Day
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Berrocal Y, Fisher J, Regan J, Christison AL. Dehydration: A Multidisciplinary Case-Based Discussion for First-Year Medical Students. MedEdPORTAL 2018; 14:10725. [PMID: 30800925 PMCID: PMC6342389 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As many medical school curricula shift to integrated learning of multiple basic science topics as well as clinical concepts, there is an increasing need for instructional materials that incorporate multiple topics yet are targeted to the knowledge basis of first-year medical students. This interactive case-based session for first-year medical students centers on the clinical presentation and initial evaluation of a patient experiencing dehydration after running a marathon in a high-altitude city. METHODS After completion of assigned out-of-class preparation, students followed the patient from a healthy state to moderate dehydration over the course of two 2-hour class sessions. Throughout discussion of the case, students answered questions requiring them to integrate elements of cell biology, biochemistry, physiology, and clinical reasoning with minimal faculty involvement. The learning activity was administered at University of Illinois College of Medicine campuses in both a small-group setting (10 students, one faculty facilitator) and a large-group format (55-90 students, multiple faculty facilitators). Following the activity, we assessed student perceptions of the design and implementation of the materials as well as effectiveness at meeting the learning goals. RESULTS Of 198 students who participated in the case discussions on dehydration, the majority rated the case positively, indicated by a rating of good or excellent. DISCUSSION This multidisciplinary case on dehydration can be used early in medical education to introduce students to clinical scenarios while learning fundamental science content. An integrated approach to medical content and versatility with regard to class size make this case a valuable teaching tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerko Berrocal
- Associate Professor, Health Sciences Education Department, University of Illinois College of Medicine
| | - Jonathan Fisher
- Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Education Department, University of Illinois College of Medicine
| | - Jenna Regan
- Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Education Department, University of Illinois College of Medicine
| | - Amy L. Christison
- Assistant Professor, Pediatrics and Cancer Biology and Pharmacology Department, University of Illinois College of Medicine
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Kotwal J, Kotwal A, Bhalla S, Singh PK, Nair V. Effectiveness of homocysteine lowering vitamins in prevention of thrombotic tendency at high altitude area: A randomized field trial. Thromb Res 2015; 136:758-62. [PMID: 26319423 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A higher risk of thrombosis has been reported on prolonged stay at high altitude (HAA). Lowering of homocysteine (Hcy) has been found to reduce the risk of venous thrombosis. A randomized field trial was conducted with primary question whether Hcy lowering agents have any effect on the incidence of thrombosis at HAA amongst Indian soldiers as compared to existing interventions. METHODS All units freshly inducted to HAA were randomized into intervention (Vit B12 1000 microgram/day, B6 3mg/day & folic acid 5mg/day) and control arms, with a sample size of 12,000 person-years in each arm. RESULTS At the end of one year stay at HAA, Folate and B 12 levels decreased significantly in control arm. The levels of Hcy, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI 1) were lower and nitric oxide higher in intervention arm as compared to control arm (p<0.05). At the end of 2years, 5 thrombotic episodes occurred in the intervention arm and 17 in control arm with RR of 0.29 (95% CI 0.11-0.80), attributable fraction % (AFe) 70.59%, Population attributable risk percent 54.55% and Protective Fraction 240%. CONCLUSION Intervention with B12 and folic acid is effective in reducing Hcy, PAI 1, fibrinogen levels and increasing NO levels at 1yr as compared to control arm and reducing the incidence of thrombosis at 2years of stay at HAA. Thus, vitamin B 12, B6 and folic acid intervention is safe and effective method of reducing morbidity and mortality caused by HAA induced coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kotwal
- Department of Hematology, Sir Gangaram Hospital & GRIPMER, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110060, India.
| | - Atul Kotwal
- Commandant Hospital, Leh and Consultant Comm Med & Epidemiologist.
| | - Sandeep Bhalla
- Director AFMS (Medical Research), O/o DGAFMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - P K Singh
- Addl DGMS (Army), O/o DGMS (Army), New Delhi, India.
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Mohammed Abdul KS, Jovanović S, Du Q, Sukhodub A, Jovanović A. A link between ATP and SUR2A: A novel mechanism explaining cardioprotection at high altitude. Int J Cardiol 2015; 189:73-6. [PMID: 25885875 PMCID: PMC4461008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaja Shameem Mohammed Abdul
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Sofija Jovanović
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Qingyou Du
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Andriy Sukhodub
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aleksandar Jovanović
- Medical Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Alizadeh R, Ziaee V, Aghsaeifard Z, Mehrabi F, Ahmadinejad T. Characteristics of Headache at Altitude among Trekkers; A comparison between Acute Mountain Sickness and Non-Acute Mountain Sickness Headache. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 3:126-30. [PMID: 22942999 PMCID: PMC3426732 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Headache at altitudes has had an incidence of 25-62% through many related studies. Many reasons are identified concerning headache at altitudes such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), sinus headache, migraine, tension type headache, and frontal tension headache. This study tried to compare different types of headache among trekkers on Mount Damavand, a 5671m mountain, Iran, to find their incidence and related symptoms and signs. Methods Through a cross-sectional study, we evaluated headache incidence and its correlation to AMS among people who climbed Mount Damavand. Lake Louise Score, a self-report questionnaire, was applied to make AMS diagnosis through three separate stages of trekking programs. Chi-square test was employed as the main mean of analysis. Results Totally, 459 between 13-71 year olds participated in the study among which females were 148 (32.1%) and males 311 (67.8%). Headache was found in 398 (86.7%) among whom 279 (70%) were proved as AMS. Investigating the types of headache in the cases of AMS showed 64.5% to be of steady, 31% throbbing and 4.5% stabbing characters which had significant differences with a P value = 0.003. The majority of headaches were stated as frontal (38.9%) and the least prevalence belonged to the parietal area (4.4%), while global headache was reported in 27%. Conclusions This study specifies the exact location of headaches at altitude in cases of AMS and non-AMS headaches. Many cases of high altitude non-AMS headache are resulted by tension and light reflection at altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alizadeh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ziaee
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author:Address: Sports Medicine Research, No 7, Al-e-Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Ziba Aghsaeifard
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Mehrabi
- Department of Neurology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Ahmadinejad
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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