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Norton CE, Sheak JR, Yan S, Weise-Cross L, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Augmented Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Reactivity after Chronic Hypoxia Requires Src Kinase and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:61-73. [PMID: 31264901 PMCID: PMC6938133 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0106oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia augments pressure- and agonist-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction through myofilament calcium sensitization. NADPH oxidases contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension, and both epidermal growth factor receptor and Src kinases can regulate NADPH oxidase. We tested the hypothesis that Src-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling mediates enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity after chronic hypoxia through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation. Protocols employed pharmacological inhibitors in isolated, pressurized rat pulmonary arteries to examine the contribution of a variety of signaling moieties to enhanced vascular tone after chronic hypoxia. Superoxide generation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells was assessed using the fluorescent indicator dihydroethidium. Indices of pulmonary hypertension were measured in rats treated with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), and EGFR abolished pressure-induced pulmonary arterial tone and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-dependent calcium sensitization and vasoconstriction after chronic hypoxia. Consistently, chronic hypoxia augmented ET-1-induced superoxide production through EGFR signaling, and rats treated chronically with gefitinib displayed reduced right ventricular pressure and diminished arterial remodeling. Src kinases were also activated by ET-1 after chronic hypoxia and contributed to enhanced basal arterial tone and vasoconstriction in response to ET-1. A role for matrix metalloproteinase 2 to mediate Src-dependent EGFR activation is further supported by our findings. Our studies support a novel role for an Src kinase-EGFR-NADPH oxidase signaling axis to mediate enhanced pulmonary vascular smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitization, vasoconstriction, and pulmonary hypertension after chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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A novel function of calcium sensing receptor in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells proliferation. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:271-280. [PMID: 31853041 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH) causes remodeling not only in pulmonary arteries but also in pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vascular remodeling stems from increased pulmonary vascular myocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of CH-induced proliferation of pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which CH affects PVSMCs proliferation. PVSMCs were isolated from rat distal pulmonary veins and exposed to CH (4% O2 for 60 h). The expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) was determined by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting, CCK-8 assay, and BrdU incorporation. Apoptosis analysis was examined by flow cytometry. In rat distal PVSMCs, CH increased the cell number and cell viability and enhanced DNA synthesis, which is accompanied by upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of CaSR. Two negative CaSR modulators (NPS2143, NPS2390) not only attenuated CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also inhibited CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs, whereas two positive modulators (spermine, R568) not only amplified CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also intensified CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs. Silencing CaSR with siRNA similarly attenuated the CH-induced enhancement of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PVSMCs. Neither CH nor downregulation of CaSR with siRNA had an effect on apoptosis in PVSMCs. These results suggest that CaSR mediating excessive proliferation is a new pathogenic mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of distal PVSMCs proliferation under CH conditions.
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Hamel-Côté G, Lapointe F, Gendron D, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. Regulation of platelet-activating factor-induced interleukin-8 expression by protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:21. [PMID: 30832675 PMCID: PMC6399872 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid mediator whose involvement in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis is mediated by, among others, the modulation of cytokine expression patterns. The presence of multiple potential protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B substrates in PAF receptor signaling pathways brought us to investigate its involvement in PAF-induced cytokine expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) and to study the pathways involved in this modulation. Methods We used in-vitro-matured human dendritic cells and the HEK-293 cell line in our studies. PTP1B inhibition was though siRNAs and a selective inhibitor. Cytokine expression was studied with RT-PCR, luciferase assays and ELISA. Phosphorylation status of kinases and transcription factors was studied with western blotting. Results Here, we report that PTP1B was involved in the modulation of cytokine expression in PAF-stimulated Mo-DCs. A study of the down-regulation of PAF-induced IL-8 expression, by PTP1B, showed modulation of PAF-induced transactivation of the IL-8 promoter which was dependent on the presence of the C/EBPß -binding site. Results also suggested that PTP1B decreased PAF-induced IL-8 production by a glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3-dependent pathway via activation of the Src family kinases (SFK). These kinases activated an unidentified pathway at early stimulation times and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a later phase. This change in GSK-3 activity decreased the C/EBPß phosphorylation levels of the threonine 235, a residue whose phosphorylation is known to increase C/EBPß transactivation potential, and consequently modified IL-8 expression. Conclusion The negative regulation of GSK-3 activity by PTP1B and the consequent decrease in phosphorylation of the C/EBPß transactivation domain could be an important negative feedback loop by which cells control their cytokine production after PAF stimulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0334-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Hamel-Côté
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada
| | - Fanny Lapointe
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada
| | - Daniel Gendron
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Center, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada
| | - Jana Stankova
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada.
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Yu X, Zhao X, Zhang J, Li Y, Sheng P, Ma C, Zhang L, Hao X, Zheng X, Xing Y, Qiao H, Qu L, Zhu D. Dacomitinib, a new pan-EGFR inhibitor, is effective in attenuating pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 850:97-108. [PMID: 30753867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Clinically-approved epidermal growth factor inhibitors such as gefitinib, erlotinib, and lapatinib have been explored for PAH. However, None of them were able to attenuate PAH. So, we explored the role of dacomitinib, a new pan-EGFR inhibitor, in PAH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to study hypoxia- or monocrotaline-induced right ventricular remodeling as well as systolic function and hemodynamics using echocardiography and a pressure-volume admittance catheter. Morphometric analyses of lung vasculature and pressure-volume vessels were performed. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and viability, as well as scratch-wound, and Boyden chamber migration assays were used to identify the roles of dacomitinib in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The results revealed that dacomitinib has a significant inhibitory effect on the thickening of the media, adventitial collagen increased. Dacomitinib also has a significant role in attenuating pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Additionally, dacomitinib inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration, autophagy and cell cycle progression through PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in PASMCs. Our study indicates that dacomitinib inhibited hypoxia-induced cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and autophagy of PASMCs, thereby attenuating pulmonary vascular remodeling and development of PAH via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Overall, dacomitinib may serve as new potential therapeutic for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Yu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - YiYing Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Ping Sheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Cui Ma
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - XueWei Hao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - XiaoDong Zheng
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yan Xing
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Lihui Qu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China.
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Pool CM, Jin Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Nelin LD. Hypoxic-induction of arginase II requires EGF-mediated EGFR activation in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13693. [PMID: 29845760 PMCID: PMC5974731 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that hypoxia-induced proliferation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVEC) depends on arginase II, and that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is necessary for hypoxic-induction of arginase II. However, it remains unclear how hypoxia activates EGFR-mediated signaling in hPMVEC. We hypothesized that hypoxia results in epidermal growth factor (EGF) production and that EGF binds to EGFR to activate the signaling cascade leading to arginase II induction and proliferation in hPMVEC. We found that hypoxia significantly increased the mRNA levels of EGF, EGFR, and arginase in hPMVEC. Hypoxia significantly increased pEGFR(Tyr845) protein levels and an EGF neutralizing antibody prevented the hypoxic induction of pEGFR. Inhibiting EGFR activation prevented hypoxia-induced arginase II mRNA and protein induction. Treatment of hPMVEC with exogenous EGF resulted in greater levels of arginase II protein both in normoxia and hypoxia. An EGF neutralizing antibody diminished hypoxic induction of arginase II and resulted in fewer viable cells in hPMVEC. Similarly, siRNA against EGF prevented hypoxic induction of arginase II and resulted in fewer viable cells. Finally, conditioned media from hypoxic hPMVEC induced proliferation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMC), however, conditioned media from a group of hypoxic hPMVEC in which EGF were knocked down did not promote hPASMC proliferation. These findings demonstrate that hypoxia-induced arginase II expression and cellular proliferation depend on autocrine EGF production leading to EGFR activation in hPMVEC. We speculate that EGF-EGFR signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for pulmonary hypertensive disorders associated with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M. Pool
- Pulmonary Hypertension GroupCenter for Perinatal ResearchResearch Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio
| | - Yi Jin
- Pulmonary Hypertension GroupCenter for Perinatal ResearchResearch Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio
| | - Bernadette Chen
- Pulmonary Hypertension GroupCenter for Perinatal ResearchResearch Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio
| | - Yusen Liu
- Pulmonary Hypertension GroupCenter for Perinatal ResearchResearch Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio
| | - Leif D. Nelin
- Pulmonary Hypertension GroupCenter for Perinatal ResearchResearch Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio
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7
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Hamel-Côté G, Gendron D, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. Regulation of platelet-activating factor-mediated protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activation by a Janus kinase 2/calpain pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180336. [PMID: 28686728 PMCID: PMC5501562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a pro-inflammatory condition underlying many cardiovascular diseases. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are actively involved in the onset and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The involvement of monocyte-derived macrophages is well characterized in the installation of inflammatory conditions in the plaque, but less is known about the contribution of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). In the same way, the involvement of calcium, phospholipase C and A2 in PAF-induced IL-6 production, in different cells types, has been shown; however, the importance of the Jak/STAT pathway and its regulation by protein-tyrosine phosphatases in this response have not been addressed. In this study, we report that PAF stimulates PTP1B activity via Jak2, thereby modulating PAF-induced IL-6 production. Using HEK 293 cells stably transfected with the PAF receptor in order to discriminate the pathway components, our results suggest that Jak2 modulates PAF-induced IL-6 production via both positive and negative pathways. Jak2 kinase activity was necessary for maximal transactivation of the IL-6 promoter, as seen by luciferase assays, whereas the same kinase also downregulated this promoter transactivation through the activation of a calcium/calpain/PTP1B pathway. The same pathways were operational in monocyte-derived dendritic cells, since PAF-induced PTP1B activation negatively regulated PAF-induced IL-6 mRNA production and, in addition, Jak2 activated calpain, one of the components involved in PAF-induced PTP1B activation. Results obtained in this study indicate that Jak2 activation is important for maximal IL-6 promoter transactivation by PAF and that PTP1B is involved in the negative regulation of this transactivation. However, PTP1B does not directly regulate Jak2 activation, but rather Jak2 regulates PAF-induced PTP1B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Hamel-Côté
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Gendron
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jana Stankova
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Hanouni M, Bernal G, McBride S, Narvaez VRF, Ibe BO. Hypoxia and hyperoxia potentiate PAF receptor-mediated effects in newborn ovine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: significance in oxygen therapy of PPHN. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/12/e12840. [PMID: 27354543 PMCID: PMC4923239 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acting via its receptor (PAFR) is implicated in the pathogenesis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Effects of long-term oxygen therapy on newborn lung are not well understood; therefore, we studied the effect of oxygen tension on ovine newborn pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (NBPASMC). Our global hypothesis is that PPHN results from failure of newborn lamb pulmonary system to downregulate PAFR activity or to upregulate vasodilatory cyclic nucleotides (Cnucs) activity. NBPASMC from newborns 6-12 days old were studied in vitro at three different oxygen tensions (pO2, [Torr]: hypoxia, <40; normoxia, 80-100; and hyperoxia, >100 Torr often clinically imposed upon newborns with PPHN) PAFR- and Cnucs mediated effects were determined. PAFR and PKA Cα mRNA expression as well as prostacyclin, thromboxane, cAMP production, and DNA synthesis was studied to assess PAFR-mediated hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. Hypoxia and hyperoxia increased specific PAFR binding. PAF treatment during hyperoxia increased PAFR gene, but decreased PKA-Cα gene expression. Hypoxia and hyperoxia increased NBPASMC proliferation via PAFR signaling. Baseline prostacyclin level was ninefold greater than in fetal PASMC, whereas baseline thromboxane was sevenfold less suggesting greater postnatal cyclooxygenase activity in NBPASMC PAF decreased, while forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP increased cAMP production. Decrease of PAFR effects by Cnucs indicates that normal newborn PA physiology favors vasodilator pathways to minimize PAF-induced hypertrophy or hyperplasia. We speculate that failure of newborn lung to anchor downregulation of vasoconstrictors with upregulation of vasodilators leads to PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hanouni
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Gilberto Bernal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Shaemion McBride
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Vincent Reginald F Narvaez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Basil O Ibe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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9
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Mechanism by which nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB) regulates ovine fetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 4:11-8. [PMID: 26966681 PMCID: PMC4777924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) modulates ovine fetal pulmonary hemodynamic. PAF acts through its receptors (PAFR) in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) to phosphorylate and induce nuclear translocation of NF-kB p65 leading to PVSMC proliferation. However, the interaction of NF-kB p65 and PAF in the nuclear domain to effect PVSMC cell growth is not clearly defined. We used siRNA-dependent translation initiation arrest to study a mechanism by which NF-kB p65 regulates PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation. Our hypotheses are: (a) PAF induces NF-kB p65 DNA binding and (b) NF-kB p65 siRNA attenuates PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation. For DNA binding, cells were fed 10 nM PAF with and without PAFR antagonists WEB 2170, CV 3988 or BN 52021 and incubated for 12 h. DNA binding was measured by specific ELISA. For NF-kB p65 siRNA effect, starved cells transfected with the siRNA were incubated for 24 h with and without 10 nM PAF. Cell proliferation was measured by DNA synthesis while expression of NF-kB p65 and PAFR protein was measured by Western blotting. In both studies, the effect of 10% FBS alone was used as the positive control. In general, PAF stimulated DNA binding which was inhibited by PAFR antagonists. siRNAs to NF-kB p65 and PAFR significantly attenuated cell proliferation compared to 10% FBS and PAF effect. Inclusion of PAF in siRNA-treated cells did not reverse inhibitory effect of NF-kB p65 siRNA on DNA synthesis. PAFR expression was inhibited in siRNA-treated cells. These data show that PAF-stimulation of PVSMC proliferation occurs via a PAFR-NF-kB p65 linked pathway.
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10
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Kim YH, Bae JU, Lee SJ, Park SY, Kim CD. SIRT1 attenuates PAF-induced MMP-2 production via down-regulation of PAF receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72:35-42. [PMID: 25967595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is known as a key regulator in the protection of various vascular disorders, however, no direct evidences have been reported in the progression of atherosclerosis. Considering the pivotal role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in plaque destabilization, this study investigated the role of SIRT1 on MMP-2 production in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by platelet activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). In VSMCs stimulated with resveratrol, SIRT1 activator, PAF receptor (PAFR) was internalized and then its protein levels were diminished. It was attenuated in cells pretreated with proteasome or lysosome inhibitor. Also, the degradation of PAFR in SIRT1-stimulated cells was significantly attenuated by β-arrestin2 depletion. In cells treated with nicotinamide, SIRT1 deacetylase inhibitor, PAFR internalization by resveratrol or reSIRT1 was inhibited, demonstrating that deacetylation of SIRT1 is an important step in SIRT1-induced PAFR down-regulation. Moreover, PAF-induced MMP-2 production in VSMCs and aorta was attenuated by resveratrol. In the aorta of SIRT1 transgenic mice, the PAF-induced MMP-2 expression was prominently attenuated compared to that in wild type mice. Taken together, it was suggested that SIRT1 down-regulated PAFR in VSMCs via β-arrestin2-mediated internalization and degradation, leading to an inhibition of PAF-induced MMP-2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun H Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin U Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung J Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - So Y Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi D Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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Shida-Sakazume T, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Unozawa M, Fukumoto C, Shimada K, Kasamatsu A, Ogawara K, Yokoe H, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase1 overexpression promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via enhanced biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120143. [PMID: 25803864 PMCID: PMC4372572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relevance of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase1 (LPCAT1), a cytosolic enzyme in the remodeling pathway of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We investigated LPCAT1 expression and its functional mechanism in OSCCs. Methods We analyzed LPCAT1 mRNA and protein expression levels in OSCC-derived cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify correlations between LPCAT1 expression levels and primary OSCCs clinicopathological status. We established LPCAT1 knockdown models of the OSCC-derived cell lines (SAS, Ca9-22) for functional analysis and examined the association between LPCAT1 expression and the platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentration and PAF-receptor (PAFR) expression. Results LPCAT1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated significantly (p<0.05) in OSCC-derived cell lines compared with human normal oral keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly (p<0.05) elevated LPCAT1 expression in primary OSCCs compared with normal counterparts and a strong correlation between LPCAT1-positive OSCCs and tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. In LPCAT1 knockdown cells, cellular proliferation and invasiveness decreased significantly (p<0.05); cellular migration was inhibited compared with control cells. Down-regulation of LPCAT1 resulted in a decreased intercellular PAF concentration and PAFR expression. Conclusion LPCAT1 was overexpressed in OSCCs and correlated with cellular invasiveness and migration. LPCAT1 may contribute to tumoral growth and metastasis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Shida-Sakazume
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoharu Unozawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chonji Fukumoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Shimada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ogawara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Chen J, Lan T, Zhang W, Dong L, Kang N, Zhang S, Fu M, Liu B, Liu K, Zhang C, Hou J, Zhan Q. Platelet-activating factor receptor-mediated PI3K/AKT activation contributes to the malignant development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2015; 34:5114-27. [PMID: 25639872 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and occurs at a relatively high frequency in China, yet the mechanisms underlying its devastating outcome remain unclear. Here we report that platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), a type of G-protein-coupled receptor, was upregulated in ESCC tumors and cell lines, compared with controls; PAFR levels were positively correlated with ESCC clinical stages and survival time. Overexpression of PAFR promoted the malignant development of ESCC in vitro and in vivo, whereas depletion of PAFR suppressed these effects. Interestingly, PAFR was observed to activate PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT) through the upregulation of FAK kinase activity. AKT-triggered nuclear factor-κB transcriptionally activated PAFR expression. This mutual positive regulation between PAFR and AKT was required for the aggressiveness of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treating mice bearing ESCC tumors with cholesterol-conjugated PAFR small interfering RNA effectively inhibited tumor progression and the expression of AKT-mediated oncogenic proteins. Taken together, we made the first demonstration that dysregulation of PAFR and the positive regulatory loop between PAFR and pAKT contribute to malignant progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - M Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure due to vascular remodeling and increased vessel tension secondary to chronic hypoxia during the fetal and newborn period. In comparison to the adult, the pulmonary vasculature of the fetus and the newborn undergoes tremendous developmental changes that increase susceptibility to a hypoxic insult. Substantial evidence indicates that chronic hypoxia alters the production and responsiveness of various vasoactive agents such as endothelium-derived nitric oxide, endothelin-1, prostanoids, platelet-activating factor, and reactive oxygen species, resulting in sustained vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. These changes occur in most cell types within the vascular wall, particularly endothelial and smooth muscle cells. At the cellular level, suppressed nitric oxide-cGMP signaling and augmented RhoA-Rho kinase signaling appear to be critical to the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Renteria LS, Austin M, Lazaro M, Andrews MA, Lustina J, Raj JU, Ibe BO. RhoA-Rho kinase and platelet-activating factor stimulation of ovine foetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:563-75. [PMID: 24033386 PMCID: PMC3788060 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is produced by pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC). We studied effects of Rho kinase on PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation in an attempt to understand the role of RhoA/Rho kinase on PAF-induced ovine foetal pulmonary vascular remodelling. Our hypothesis is that PAF acts through Rho kinase, as one of its downstream signals, to induce arterial (SMC-PA) and venous (SMC-PV) cell proliferation in the hypoxic lung environment of the foetus, in utero. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rho kinase and MAPK effects on PAF receptor (PAFR)-mediated cell population expansion, and PAFR expression, were studied by DNA synthesis, western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Effects of constructs T19N and G14V on PAF-induced cell proliferation were also investigated. RESULTS Hypoxia increased PVSMC proliferation and Rho kinase inhibitors, Y-27632 and Fasudil (HA-1077) as well as MAPK inhibitors PD 98059 and SB 203580 attenuated PAF stimulation of cell proliferation. RhoA T19N and G14V stimulated cell proliferation, but co-incubation with PAF did not affect proliferative effects of the constructs. PAFR protein expression was significantly downregulated in both cell types by both Y-27632 and HA-1077, with comparable profiles. Also, cells treated with Y-27632 had less PAF receptor fluorescence with significant disruption of cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Rho kinase non-specifically modulated PAFR-mediated responses by a translational modification of PAFR protein, and suggest that, in vivo, activation of Rho kinase by PAF may be a further pathway to sustain PAFR-mediated PVSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Renteria
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA90502USA
| | - M. Austin
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA90502USA
| | - M. Lazaro
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA90502USA
| | - M. A. Andrews
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA90502USA
| | - J. Lustina
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA90502USA
| | - J. U. Raj
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIL60612USA
| | - B. O. Ibe
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA90502USA
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Kim YH, Lee SJ, Seo KW, Bae JU, Park SY, Kim EK, Bae SS, Kim JH, Kim CD. PAF enhances MMP-2 production in rat aortic VSMCs via a β-arrestin2-dependent ERK signaling pathway. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2678-86. [PMID: 23911909 PMCID: PMC3770081 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m037176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, is a potent phospholipid mediator and has been reported to be localized in atherosclerotic plaque. However, its role in the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of PAF in the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). When rat aortic primary VSMCs were stimulated with PAF (1 nmol/l), the expressions of MMP-2 mRNA and protein, but not of MMP-9, were significantly increased, and these upregulations were markedly attenuated by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) using molecular and pharmacological inhibitors, but not by using inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Likewise, ERK phosphorylation was markedly enhanced in PAF-stimulated VSMCs, and this was attenuated by WEB2086, but not by EGF receptor inhibitor, demonstrating the specificity of PAF receptor (PAFR) in PAF-induced ERK phosphorylation. In immunofluorescence studies, β-arrestin2 in PAF-stimulated VSMCs colocalized with PAFR and phosphorylated ERK (P-ERK). Coimmunoprecipitation results suggest that β-arrestin2-bound PAFRs existed as a complex with P-ERK. In addition, PAF-induced ERK phosphorylation and MMP-2 production were significantly attenuated by β-arrestin2 depletion. Taken together, the study shows that PAF enhances MMP-2 production in VSMCs via a β-arrestin2-dependent ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun H Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Platelet-activating factor induces Th17 cell differentiation. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:913802. [PMID: 22013287 PMCID: PMC3195297 DOI: 10.1155/2011/913802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells have been implicated in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The phospholipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) is found in increased concentrations in inflammatory lesions and has been shown to induce IL-6 production. We investigated whether PAF could affect the development of Th17 cells. Picomolar concentrations of PAF induced IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1β expression in monocyte-derived Langerhans cells (LCs) and in keratinocytes. Moreover, when LC were pretreated with PAF and then cocultured with anti-CD3- and anti-CD28-activated T cells, the latter developed a Th17 phenotype, with a significant increase in the expression of the transcriptional regulator RORγt and enhanced expression of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22. PAF-induced Th17 development was prevented by the PAF receptor antagonist WEB2086 and by neutralizing antibodies to IL-23 and IL-6R. This may constitute a previously unknown stimulus for the development and persistence of inflammatory processes that could be amenable to pharmacologic intervention.
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17
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Abstract
During the development of the pulmonary vasculature in the fetus, many structural and functional changes occur to prepare the lung for the transition to air breathing. The development of the pulmonary circulation is genetically controlled by an array of mitogenic factors in a temporo-spatial order. With advancing gestation, pulmonary vessels acquire increased vasoreactivity. The fetal pulmonary vasculature is exposed to a low oxygen tension environment that promotes high intrinsic myogenic tone and high vasocontractility. At birth, a dramatic reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance occurs with an increase in oxygen tension and blood flow. The striking hemodynamic differences in the pulmonary circulation of the fetus and newborn are regulated by various factors and vasoactive agents. Among them, nitric oxide, endothelin-1, and prostaglandin I2 are mainly derived from endothelial cells and exert their effects via cGMP, cAMP, and Rho kinase signaling pathways. Alterations in these signaling pathways may lead to vascular remodeling, high vasocontractility, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J. Usha Raj
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Zhao D, Chu WF, Wu L, Li J, Liu QM, Lu YJ, Qiao GF, Wang ZG, Zhang ZR, Yang BF. PAF exerts a direct apoptotic effect on the rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes in Ca2+-dependent manner. Int J Cardiol 2010; 143:86-93. [PMID: 19237210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Zhang L, Wang D, Jiang W, Edwards D, Qiu W, Barroilhet LM, Rho JH, Jin L, Seethappan V, Vitonis A, Wang J, Mok SC, Crum C, Cramer DW, Ye B. Activated networking of platelet activating factor receptor and FAK/STAT1 induces malignant potential in BRCA1-mutant at-risk ovarian epithelium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:74. [PMID: 20576130 PMCID: PMC2903602 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is essential to understand the molecular basis of ovarian cancer etiology and tumor development to provide more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches to reduce mortality. Particularly, the molecular targets and pathways involved in early malignant transformation are still not clear. Pro-inflammatory lipids and pathways have been reported to play significant roles in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. The major objective of this study was to explore and determine whether platelet activating factor (PAF) and receptor associated networking pathways might significantly induce malignant potential in BRCA1-mutant at-risk epithelial cells. METHODS BRCA1-mutant ovarian epithelial cell lines including (HOSE-636, HOSE-642), BRCA1-mutant ovarian cancer cell (UWB1.289), wild type normal ovarian epithelial cell (HOSE-E6E7) and cancerous cell line (OVCA429), and the non-malignant BRCA1-mutant distal fallopian tube (fimbria) tissue specimens were used in this study. Mutation analysis, kinase microarray, western blot, immune staining, co-immune precipitation, cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation and bioinformatic pathway analysis were applied. RESULTS We found that PAF, as a potent pro-inflammatory mediator, induced significant anti-apoptotic effect in BRCA1-mutant ovarian surface epithelial cells, but not in wild type HOSE cells. With kinase microarray technology and the specific immune approaches, we found that phosphor-STAT1 was activated by 100 nM PAF treatment only in BRCA1-mutant associated at-risk ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cells, but not in BRCA1-wild type normal (HOSE-E6E7) or malignant (OVCA429) ovarian epithelial cells. Co-immune precipitation revealed that elevated PAFR expression is associated with protein-protein interactions of PAFR-FAK and FAK-STAT1 in BRCA1-mutant ovarian epithelial cells, but not in the wild-type control cells. CONCLUSION Previous studies showed that potent inflammatory lipid mediators such as PAF and its receptor (PAFR) significantly contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. Our findings suggest that these potent inflammatory lipids and receptor pathways are significantly involved in the early malignant transformation through PAFR-FAK-STAT1 networking and to block apoptosis pathway in BRCA1 dysfunctional at-risk ovarian epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dale Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M Barroilhet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jung-hyun Rho
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lianjin Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanitha Seethappan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Vitonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Crum
- Department Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Sheng L, Zhou W, Hislop AA, Ibe BO, Longo LD, Raj JU. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor in ovine fetal pulmonary vascular remodeling following exposure to high altitude long-term hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 2010; 10:365-72. [PMID: 20043379 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2008.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude long-term hypoxia (LTH) in the fetus may result in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (PVSMC) proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our objective was to determine if epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in hypoxia induced PVSMC proliferation or in pulmonary vascular remodeling in ovine fetuses exposed to high altitude LTH. Fetuses of pregnant ewes that were held at 3820-m altitude from *30 to 140 days (LTH) gestation and sea level control pregnant ewes were delivered near term. Morphometric analyses and immunohistochemistry were done on fetal lung sections. Pulmonary arteries of LTH fetuses exhibited medial wall thickening and distal muscularization. Western blot analyses done on protein isolated from pulmonary arteries demonstrated an upregulation of EGFR. This upregulation was attributed in part to PVSMC in the medial wall by immunohistochemistry.Proliferation of fetal ovine PVSMC after 24 h of hypoxia (2% O2) was attenuated by inhibition of EGFR with 250 nmol tyrphostin 4-(3-chloroanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (AG1478), a specific EGFR protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, when measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Our data indicate that EGFR plays a role in fetal ovine pulmonary vascular remodeling following long-term fetal hypoxia and that inhibition of EGFR signaling may ameliorate hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavonne Sheng
- Division of Neonatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Seo M, Juhnn YS. Gq protein mediates UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by stimulating HB-EGF secretion from HaCaT human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:190-5. [PMID: 20117092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression to produce cellular responses including aging and carcinogenesis in skin. We hypothesised that heterotrimeric G proteins mediate UV-induced COX-2 expression by stimulating secretion of soluble HB-EGF (sHB-EGF). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and underlying mechanism of the alpha subunit of Gq protein (Galphaq) in UVB-induced HB-EGF secretion and COX-2 induction. We found that expression of constitutively active Galphaq (GalphaqQL) augmented UVB-induced HB-EGF secretion, which was abolished by knockdown of Galphaq with shRNA in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Galphaq was found to mediate the UVB-induced HB-EGF secretion by sequential activation of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), and matrix metaloprotease-2 (MMP-2). Moreover, GalphaqQL mediated UVB-induced COX-2 expression in an HB-EGF-, EGFR-, and p38-dependent manner. From these results, we concluded that Galphaq mediates UV-induced COX-2 expression through activation of EGFR by HB-EGF, of which ectodomain shedding was stimulated through sequential activation of PLC, PKCdelta and MMP-2 in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- MiRan Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Dahal BK, Cornitescu T, Tretyn A, Pullamsetti SS, Kosanovic D, Dumitrascu R, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Voswinckel R, Banat GA, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT. Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibition in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:158-67. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200811-1682oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Current world literature. Ageing: biology and nutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:95-100. [PMID: 19057195 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32831fd97a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ibe BO, Abdallah MF, Portugal AM, Raj JU. Platelet-activating factor stimulates ovine foetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of nuclear factor-kappa B and cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:208-29. [PMID: 18336468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is implicated in pathogenesis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN); PAF is a mitogen for lung fibroblasts. PAF's role in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (PVSMC) proliferation and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vein (PV) remodelling has not been established and mechanisms for PAF's cell-proliferative effects are not well understood. We investigated involvement of PAF and PAF receptors in PVSMC proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells from pulmonary arteries (SMC-PA) and veins (SMC-PV) were serum starved for 72 h in 5% CO2 in air (normoxia). They were cultured for 24 h more in normoxia or 2% O(2) (hypoxia) in 0.1% or 10% foetal bovine serum with 5 microCi/well of [(3)H]-thymidine, with and without 10 nm PAF. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), CDK2 and CDK4 protein expression, and their roles in cell proliferation control were studied. RESULTS PAF and hypoxia increased SMC-PA and SMC-PV proliferation. WEB2170 inhibited PAF-induced cell proliferation while lyso-PAF had no effect. SMC-PV proliferated more than SMC-PA and PAF plus hypoxia augmented NF-kappaB protein expression. NF-kappaB inhibitory peptide attenuated PAF-induced cell proliferation by 50% and PAF increased CDK2 and CDK4 protein expression. The data show that hypoxia and PAF up-regulate PVSMC proliferation via PAF receptor-specific pathway involving NF-kappaB, CDK2 and CDK4 activations. CONCLUSION They suggest that in vivo, in foetal lung low-oxygen environment, where PAF level is high, proliferation of PVSMC will occur readily to modulate PV development and that failure of down-regulation of PAF effects postnatally may result in PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ibe
- Division of Neonatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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