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Abouzaid A, Ali K, Jatoi S, Ahmed M, Ahmad G, Nazim A, Mehmoodi A, Malik J. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanistic Insights, Pathophysiology, and Outcomes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2024; 29:e70010. [PMID: 39205610 PMCID: PMC11358588 DOI: 10.1111/anec.70010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmias are increasingly recognized as severe complications of precapillary pulmonary hypertension, encompassing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Despite their significant contribution to symptoms, morbidity, in-hospital mortality, and potentially sudden death in PAH/CTEPH, there remains a lack of comprehensive data on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes to inform the management of these patients. This review provides an overview of the latest evidence on this subject, spanning from the molecular mechanisms underlying arrhythmias in the hypertrophied or failing right heart to the clinical aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khansa Ali
- Department of MedicineLiaquat University of Medical and Health SciencesJamshoroPakistan
| | - Suniya Jatoi
- Department of MedicineLiaquat University of Medical and Health SciencesJamshoroPakistan
| | - Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of MedicineLiaquat University of Medical and Health SciencesJamshoroPakistan
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- Department of MedicineLiaquat University of Medical and Health SciencesJamshoroPakistan
| | - Ahsan Nazim
- Department of MedicineLiaquat University of Medical and Health SciencesJamshoroPakistan
| | - Amin Mehmoodi
- Department of MedicineIbn e Seena HospitalKabulAfghanistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of CardiologyCardiovascular Analytics GroupIslamabadPakistan
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Wessel N, Kim JS, Joung BY, Ko YG, Dischl D, Gapelyuk A, Lee YH, Kim KW, Park JW, Landmesser U. Magnetocardiography at rest predicts cardiac death in patients with acute chest pain. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1258890. [PMID: 38155993 PMCID: PMC10752986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1258890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sudden cardiac arrest is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and remains a major public health problem for which better non-invasive prediction tools are needed. Primary preventive therapies, such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators, are not personalized and not predictive. Most of these devices do not deliver life-saving therapy during their lifetime. The individual relationship between fatal arrhythmias and cardiac function abnormalities in predicting cardiac death risk has rarely been explored. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the measurements at rest for 191 patients with acute chest pain (ACP) magnetocardiographically. Our recently introduced analyses are able to detect inhomogeneities of the depolarization and repolarization. Moreover, electrically silent phenomena-intracellular ionic currents as well as vortex currents-can be measured and quantified. All included ACP patients were recruited in 2009 at Yonsei University Hospital and were followed up until 2022. Results During half of the follow-up period (6.5 years), 11 patients died. Out of all the included nine clinical, eight magnetocardiographical, and nine newly introduced magnetoionographical parameters we tested in this study, three parameters revealed themselves to be outstanding at predicting death: heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) prolongation, depression of repolarization current IKr + IKs, and serum creatinine (all significant in Cox regression, p < 0.05). They clearly predicted cardiac death over the 6.5 years duration (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 85.6%, negative predictive accuracy 99.4%). Cardiac death risk was more than ninefold higher in patients with low repolarization reserve and QTc prolongation in comparison with the remaining patients with ACP (p < 0.001). The non-parametric Kaplan-Meier statistics estimated significantly lower survival functions from their lifetime data (p < 0.001). Discussion To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data linking magnetocardiographical and magnetoionographical parameters and subsequent significant fatal events in people, suggesting structural and functional components to clinical life-threatening ventricular arrhythmogenesis. The findings support investigation of new prevention strategies and herald those new non-invasive techniques as complementary risk stratification tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Wessel
- Department of Human Medicine, MSB Medical School Berlin GmbH, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. S. Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B. Y. Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. G. Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D. Dischl
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Gapelyuk
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. H. Lee
- Center for Biosignals, KRISS Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - K. W. Kim
- Center for Biosignals, KRISS Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J. W. Park
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Landmesser
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Brisinda D, Fenici P, Fenici R. Clinical magnetocardiography: the unshielded bet-past, present, and future. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232882. [PMID: 37636301 PMCID: PMC10448194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetocardiography (MCG), which is nowadays 60 years old, has not yet been fully accepted as a clinical tool. Nevertheless, a large body of research and several clinical trials have demonstrated its reliability in providing additional diagnostic electrophysiological information if compared with conventional non-invasive electrocardiographic methods. Since the beginning, one major objective difficulty has been the need to clean the weak cardiac magnetic signals from the much higher environmental noise, especially that of urban and hospital environments. The obvious solution to record the magnetocardiogram in highly performant magnetically shielded rooms has provided the ideal setup for decades of research demonstrating the diagnostic potential of this technology. However, only a few clinical institutions have had the resources to install and run routinely such highly expensive and technically demanding systems. Therefore, increasing attempts have been made to develop cheaper alternatives to improve the magnetic signal-to-noise ratio allowing MCG in unshielded hospital environments. In this article, the most relevant milestones in the MCG's journey are reviewed, addressing the possible reasons beyond the currently long-lasting difficulty to reach a clinical breakthrough and leveraging the authors' personal experience since the early 1980s attempting to finally bring MCG to the patient's bedside for many years thus far. Their nearly four decades of foundational experimental and clinical research between shielded and unshielded solutions are summarized and referenced, following the original vision that MCG had to be intended as an unrivaled method for contactless assessment of the cardiac electrophysiology and as an advanced method for non-invasive electroanatomical imaging, through multimodal integration with other non-fluoroscopic imaging techniques. Whereas all the above accounts for the past, with the available innovative sensors and more affordable active shielding technologies, the present demonstrates that several novel systems have been developed and tested in multicenter clinical trials adopting both shielded and unshielded MCG built-in hospital environments. The future of MCG will mostly be dependent on the results from the ongoing progress in novel sensor technology, which is relatively soon foreseen to provide multiple alternatives for the construction of more compact, affordable, portable, and even wearable devices for unshielded MCG inside hospital environments and perhaps also for ambulatory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Brisinda
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'invecchiamento, ortopediche e reumatologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Biomagnetism and Clinical Physiology International Center (BACPIC), Rome, Italy
| | - P. Fenici
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Biomagnetism and Clinical Physiology International Center (BACPIC), Rome, Italy
| | - R. Fenici
- Biomagnetism and Clinical Physiology International Center (BACPIC), Rome, Italy
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Jin X, Meletiou A, Chung J, Tilunaite A, Demydenko K, Dries E, Puertas RD, Amoni M, Tomar A, Claus P, Soeller C, Rajagopal V, Sipido K, Roderick HL. InsP 3R-RyR channel crosstalk augments sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release and arrhythmogenic activity in post-MI pig cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:47-59. [PMID: 37003353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ transients (CaT) underlying cardiomyocyte (CM) contraction require efficient Ca2+ coupling between sarcolemmal Ca2+ channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channels (RyR) for their generation; reduced coupling in disease contributes to diminished CaT and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ events. SR Ca2+ release also occurs via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3R) in CM. While this pathway contributes negligeably to Ca2+ handling in healthy CM, rodent studies support a role in altered Ca2+ dynamics and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ release involving InsP3R crosstalk with RyRs in disease. Whether this mechanism persists in larger mammals with lower T-tubular density and coupling of RyRs is not fully resolved. We have recently shown an arrhythmogenic action of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) in end stage human heart failure, often associated with underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD). How IICR contributes to early stages of disease is however not determined but highly relevant. To access this stage, we chose a porcine model of IHD, which shows substantial remodelling of the area adjacent to the infarct. In cells from this region, IICR preferentially augmented Ca2+ release from non-coupled RyR clusters that otherwise showed delayed activation during the CaT. IICR in turn synchronised Ca2+ release during the CaT but also induced arrhythmogenic delayed afterdepolarizations and action potentials. Nanoscale imaging identified co-clustering of InsP3Rs and RyRs, thereby allowing Ca2+-mediated channel crosstalk. Mathematical modelling supported and further delineated this mechanism of enhanced InsP3R-RyRs coupling in MI. Our findings highlight the role of InsP3R-RyR channel crosstalk in Ca2+ release and arrhythmia during post-MI remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Meletiou
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Chung
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agne Tilunaite
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia; Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kateryna Demydenko
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Doñate Puertas
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew Amoni
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashutosh Tomar
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Claus
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Sipido
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Sykora M, Andelova K, Szeiffova Bacova B, Egan Benova T, Martiskova A, Knezl V, Tribulova N. Hypertension Induces Pro-arrhythmic Cardiac Connexome Disorders: Protective Effects of Treatment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020330. [PMID: 36830700 PMCID: PMC9953310 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged population aging and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the progressive prevalence of arterial hypertension. This is accompanied by low-grade inflammation and over time results in heart dysfunction and failure. Hypertension-induced myocardial structural and ion channel remodeling facilitates the development of both atrial and ventricular fibrillation, and these increase the risk of stroke and sudden death. Herein, we elucidate hypertension-induced impairment of "connexome" cardiomyocyte junctions. This complex ensures cell-to-cell adhesion and coupling for electrical and molecular signal propagation. Connexome dysfunction can be a key factor in promoting the occurrence of both cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. However, the available literature indicates that arterial hypertension treatment can hamper myocardial structural remodeling, hypertrophy and/or fibrosis, and preserve connexome function. This suggests the pleiotropic effects of antihypertensive agents, including anti-inflammatory. Therefore, further research is required to identify specific molecular targets and pathways that will protect connexomes, and it is also necessary to develop new approaches to maintain heart function in patients suffering from primary or pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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6
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The Heart as a Target of Vasopressin and Other Cardiovascular Peptides in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214414. [PMID: 36430892 PMCID: PMC9699305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The automatism of cardiac pacemaker cells, which is tuned, is regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including cardiovascular peptides. The cardiovascular peptides (CPs) form a group of essential paracrine factors affecting the function of the heart and vessels. They may also be produced in other organs and penetrate to the heart via systemic circulation. The present review draws attention to the role of vasopressin (AVP) and some other cardiovascular peptides (angiotensins, oxytocin, cytokines) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system in health and cardiovascular diseases, especially in post-infarct heart failure, hypertension and cerebrovascular strokes. Vasopressin is synthesized mostly by the neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus. There is also evidence that it may be produced in the heart and lungs. The secretion of AVP and other CPs is markedly influenced by changes in blood volume and pressure, as well as by other disturbances, frequently occurring in cardiovascular diseases (hypoxia, pain, stress, inflammation). Myocardial infarction, hypertension and cardiovascular shock are associated with an increased secretion of AVP and altered responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to its action. The majority of experimental studies show that the administration of vasopressin during ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest improves resuscitation, however, the clinical studies do not present consisting results. Vasopressin cooperates with the autonomic nervous system (ANS), angiotensins, oxytocin and cytokines in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and its interaction with these regulators is altered during heart failure and hypertension. It is likely that the differences in interactions of AVP with ANS and other CPs have a significant impact on the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to vasopressin in specific cardiovascular disorders.
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7
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Gou X, Hu T, Gou Y, Li C, Yi M, Jia M. Specific protein kinase C isoform exerts chronic inhibition on the slowly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current by affecting channel trafficking. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:262-272. [PMID: 33535882 PMCID: PMC7872027 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1882112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) plays a key role in the repolarization of ventricular action potential in the human heart and is formed by the pore-forming α-subunit encoded by KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) and β-subunit encoded by KCNE1. Evidence suggested that IKs was regulated through protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, but the mechanism is controversial. This study was designed to identify the specific PKC isoform involved in the long-term regulation of IKs current. The IKs current was recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293B cell co-transfected with human KCNQ1/KCNE1 genes. The results revealed that both chronic activation of Ang II and PMA reduced the IKs current in a long-term regulation (about 24 hours). Further evidence showed that PKCε knockdown by siRNA antagonized the AngII-induced chronic inhibition on the IKs current, whereas knockdown of cPKC (PKCα and PKCβ) attenuated the inhibition effect of PMA on the current. Moreover, the forward transport inhibition of the channel with brefeldin A alleviated the Ang II-induced chronic inhibition on IKs current, while the channel endocytosis inhibition with dynasore alleviated both Ang II and PMA-induced chronic inhibition on IKs current. The above results showed that PKCε activation promoted the channel endocytosis and inhibited the channel forward transport to the plasma membrane, while cPKC activation only promoted the channel endocytosis, which both down regulated the channel current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Gou
- Tianjin Key Labortory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaoqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengran Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Kassan A, Ait-Aissa K, Kassan M. Hypothalamic miR-204 Induces Alteration of Heart Electrophysiology and Neurogenic Hypertension by Regulating the Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Potential Role of Microbiota. Cureus 2021; 13:e18783. [PMID: 34692262 PMCID: PMC8523185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is abundant evidence demonstrating the association between gut dysbiosis and neurogenic diseases such as hypertension. A common characteristic of resistant hypertension is the chronic elevation in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity accompanied by increased release of norepinephrine (NE), indicating a neurogenic component that contributes to the development of hypertension. Factors that modulate the sympathetic tone to the cardiovascular system in hypertensive patients are still poorly understood. Research has identified an interaction between the brain and the gut, and this interaction plays a possible role in the mechanism of heart damage-induced hypertension. Data, however, remain scarce, and further study is required to define the role of microbiota in sympathetic neural function and its relationship with heart damage and blood pressure (BP) control. Experimental evidence has pointed toward a bidirectional relationship between alterations in the types of bacteria present in the gut and neurogenic diseases, such as hypertension. Our published data showed that miR-204, a microRNA that plays an important role in the CNS function, is affected by gut dysbiosis. Therefore, miR-204 could be a key element that regulates normal sinus rhythm and neuronal hypertension. In this review, we will shed light on the potential mechanism by which microbiota affects hypothalamic miR-204, which in turn, could hinder the sympathetic nerve drive to the cardiovascular system leading to arrhythmia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kassan
- School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Modar Kassan
- Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
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Timofte D, Tanasescu MD, Balan DG, Tulin A, Stiru O, Vacaroiu IA, Mihai A, Popa CC, Cosconel CI, Enyedi M, Miricescu D, Papacocea RI, Ionescu D. Management of acute intradialytic cardiovascular complications: Updated overview (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:282. [PMID: 33603889 PMCID: PMC7851674 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of patients require renal replacement therapy through dialysis and renal transplantation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a large percentage of the world's population and has evolved into a major public health concern. Diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and a family history of kidney failure are all major risk factors for CKD. Patients in advanced stages of CKD have varying degrees of cardiovascular damage. Comorbidities of these patients, include, on the one hand, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and, on the other hand, the presence of mineral-bone disorders associated with CKD and chronic inflammation, which contribute to cardiovascular involvement. Acute complications occur quite frequently during dialysis. Among these, the most important are cardiovascular complications, which influence the morbidity and mortality rates of this group of patients. Chronic hemodialysis patients manifest acute cardiovascular complications such as intradialytic hypotension, intradialytic hypertension, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes and sudden death. Thus, proper management is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Timofte
- Department of Dialysis, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Daniela Tanasescu
- Department of Medical Semiology, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Tulin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of General Surgery, 'Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu̓ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Stiru
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 'Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu̓ Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 022322 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 'Sf. Ioan' Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Mihai
- Discipline of Diabetes, 'N. C. Paulescu' Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department II of Diabetes, 'N. C. Paulescu̓ Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Constantin Popa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina-Ileana Cosconel
- Discipline of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaly Enyedi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Radiology, 'Victor Babes̓ Private Medical Clinic, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Papacocea
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorin Ionescu
- Department of Medical Semiology, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Lovering RC, Roncaglia P, Howe DG, Laulederkind SJF, Khodiyar VK, Berardini TZ, Tweedie S, Foulger RE, Osumi-Sutherland D, Campbell NH, Huntley RP, Talmud PJ, Blake JA, Breckenridge R, Riley PR, Lambiase PD, Elliott PM, Clapp L, Tinker A, Hill DP. Improving Interpretation of Cardiac Phenotypes and Enhancing Discovery With Expanded Knowledge in the Gene Ontology. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001813. [PMID: 29440116 PMCID: PMC5821137 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: A systems biology approach to cardiac physiology requires a comprehensive representation of how coordinated processes operate in the heart, as well as the ability to interpret relevant transcriptomic and proteomic experiments. The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium provides structured, controlled vocabularies of biological terms that can be used to summarize and analyze functional knowledge for gene products. Methods and Results: In this study, we created a computational resource to facilitate genetic studies of cardiac physiology by integrating literature curation with attention to an improved and expanded ontological representation of heart processes in the Gene Ontology. As a result, the Gene Ontology now contains terms that comprehensively describe the roles of proteins in cardiac muscle cell action potential, electrical coupling, and the transmission of the electrical impulse from the sinoatrial node to the ventricles. Evaluating the effectiveness of this approach to inform data analysis demonstrated that Gene Ontology annotations, analyzed within an expanded ontological context of heart processes, can help to identify candidate genes associated with arrhythmic disease risk loci. Conclusions: We determined that a combination of curation and ontology development for heart-specific genes and processes supports the identification and downstream analysis of genes responsible for the spread of the cardiac action potential through the heart. Annotating these genes and processes in a structured format facilitates data analysis and supports effective retrieval of gene-centric information about cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Lovering
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.).
| | - Paola Roncaglia
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Douglas G Howe
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Stanley J F Laulederkind
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Varsha K Khodiyar
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Tanya Z Berardini
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Susan Tweedie
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Rebecca E Foulger
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - David Osumi-Sutherland
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Nancy H Campbell
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Rachael P Huntley
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Philippa J Talmud
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Judith A Blake
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Ross Breckenridge
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Paul R Riley
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Perry M Elliott
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Lucie Clapp
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - Andrew Tinker
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
| | - David P Hill
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science (R.C.L., V.K.K., R.E.F., N.H.C., R.P.H., P.J.T., P.D.L., P.M.E., L.C.) and Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine (R.B.), University College London, United Kingdom; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom (P.R., D.O.-S.); Gene Ontology Consortium (P.R., T.Z.B., D.O.-S., J.A.B., D.P.H.); The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene (D.G.H.); Rat Genome Database, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.J.F.L.); Arabidopsis Information Resource, Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA (T.Z.B.); FlyBase, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.T.); Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (J.A.B., D.P.H.); Oxbridge BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (P.R.R.); and William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.T.)
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Cirulis MM, Ryan JJ, Archer SL. Pathophysiology, incidence, management, and consequences of cardiac arrhythmia in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2019; 9:2045894019834890. [PMID: 30747032 PMCID: PMC6410395 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019834890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmias are increasingly recognized as serious, end-stage complications of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Although arrhythmias contribute to symptoms, morbidity, in-hospital mortality, and possibly sudden death in PAH/CTEPH, there remains a paucity of epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and outcome data to guide management of these patients. This review summarizes the most current evidence on the topic: from the molecular mechanisms driving arrhythmia in the hypertrophied or failing right heart, to the clinical aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Cirulis
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John J Ryan
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen L Archer
- 3 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Gou X, Wang W, Zou S, Qi Y, Xu Y. Protein kinase C epsilon mediates the inhibition of angiotensin II on the slowly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current through channel phosphorylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 116:165-174. [PMID: 29452158 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) is one of the main repolarizing currents in the human heart. Evidence has shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates IKs through the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, but the related results are controversial. This study was designed to identify PKC isoenzymes involved in the regulation of IKs by Ang II and the underlying molecular mechanism. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKs in isolated guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells co-transfected with human KCNQ1/KCNE1 genes and Ang II type 1 receptor genes. Ang II inhibited IKs in a concentration-dependent manner in native cardiomyocytes. A broad PKC inhibitor Gö6983 (not inhibiting PKCε) and a selective cPKC inhibitor Gö6976 did not affect the inhibitory action of Ang II. In contrast, the inhibition was significantly attenuated by PKCε-selective peptide inhibitor εV1-2. However, direct activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased the cloned human IKs in HEK293 cells. Similarly, the cPKC peptide activator significantly enhanced the current. In contrast, the PKCε peptide activator inhibited the current. Further evidence showed that PKCε knockdown by siRNA antagonized the Ang II-induced inhibition on KCNQ1/KCNE1 current, whereas knockdown of cPKCs (PKCα and PKCβ) attenuated the potentiation of the current by PMA. Moreover, deletion of four putative phosphorylation sites in the C-terminus of KCNQ1 abolished the action of PMA. Mutation of two putative phosphorylation sites in the N-terminus of KCNQ1 and one site in KCNE1 (S102) blocked the inhibition of Ang II. Our results demonstrate that PKCε isoenzyme mediates the inhibitory action of Ang II on IKs and by phosphorylating distinct sites in KCNQ1/KCNE1, cPKC and PKCε isoenzymes produce the contrary regulatory effects on the channel. These findings have provided new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the modulation of the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Gou
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Pharmacology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sihao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yajuan Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Mathieu S, El Khoury N, Rivard K, Paradis P, Nemer M, Fiset C. Angiotensin II Overstimulation Leads to an Increased Susceptibility to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Higher Mortality in Female Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:952. [PMID: 29343862 PMCID: PMC5772611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with high mortality and affects men and women differently. The underlying mechanisms for these sex-related differences remain largely unexplored. Accordingly, using mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of the angiotensin II (ANGII) type 1 receptor (AT1R), we explored male-female differences in the manifestations of hypertrophy and HF. AT1R mice of both sexes feature electrical and Ca2+ handling alterations, systolic dysfunction, hypertrophy and develop HF. However, females had much higher mortality (21.0%) rate than males (5.5%). In females, AT1R stimulation leads to more pronounced eccentric hypertrophy (larger increase in LV mass/body weight ratio [+31%], in cell length [+27%], in LV internal end-diastolic [LVIDd, +34%] and systolic [LVIDs, +67%] diameter) and dilation (larger decrease in LV posterior wall thickness, +17%) than males. In addition, in female AT1R mice the cytosolic Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms were more severely compromised and were associated with a specific increased in Ca2+ sparks (by 187%) and evidence of SR Ca2+ leak. Altogether, these results suggest that female AT1R mice have more severe eccentric hypertrophy, dysfunction and compromised Ca2+ dynamics. These findings indicate that females are more susceptible to the adverse effects of AT1R stimulation than males favouring the development of HF and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mathieu
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nabil El Khoury
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katy Rivard
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Ottawa University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline Fiset
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Crassous PA, Shu P, Huang C, Gordan R, Brouckaert P, Lampe PD, Xie LH, Beuve A. Newly Identified NO-Sensor Guanylyl Cyclase/Connexin 43 Association Is Involved in Cardiac Electrical Function. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006397. [PMID: 29269353 PMCID: PMC5778997 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanylyl cyclase, a heme-containing α1β1 heterodimer (GC1), produces cGMP in response to Nitric oxide (NO) stimulation. The NO-GC1-cGMP pathway negatively regulates cardiomyocyte contractility and protects against cardiac hypertrophy-related remodeling. We recently reported that the β1 subunit of GC1 is detected at the intercalated disc with connexin 43 (Cx43). Cx43 forms gap junctions (GJs) at the intercalated disc that are responsible for electrical propagation. We sought to determine whether there is a functional association between GC1 and Cx43 and its role in cardiac homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS GC1 and Cx43 immunostaining at the intercalated disc and coimmunoprecipitation from membrane fraction indicate that GC1 and Cx43 are associated. Mice lacking the α subunit of GC1 (GCα1 knockout mice) displayed a significant decrease in GJ function (dye-spread assay) and Cx43 membrane lateralization. In a cardiac-hypertrophic model, angiotensin II treatment disrupted the GC1-Cx43 association and induced significant Cx43 membrane lateralization, which was exacerbated in GCα1 knockout mice. Cx43 lateralization correlated with decreased Cx43-containing GJs at the intercalated disc, predictors of electrical dysfunction. Accordingly, an ECG revealed that angiotensin II-treated GCα1 knockout mice had impaired ventricular electrical propagation. The phosphorylation level of Cx43 at serine 365, a protein-kinase A upregulated site involved in trafficking/assembly of GJs, was decreased in these models. CONCLUSIONS GC1 modulates ventricular Cx43 location, hence GJ function, and partially protects from electrical dysfunction in an angiotensin II hypertrophy model. Disruption of the NO-cGMP pathway is associated with cardiac electrical disturbance and abnormal Cx43 phosphorylation. This previously unknown NO/Cx43 signaling could be a protective mechanism against stress-induced arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Crassous
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, NJ
| | - Ping Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, NJ
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, NJ
| | - Richard Gordan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, NJ
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, NJ
| | - Annie Beuve
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, NJ
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15
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Abstract
Myocardial injury, mechanical stress, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and/or aging all lead to cardiac remodeling, which is responsible for cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. Of the key histological components of cardiac remodeling, fibrosis either in the form of interstitial, patchy, or dense scars, constitutes a key histological substrate of arrhythmias. Here we discuss current research findings focusing on the role of fibrosis, in arrhythmogenesis. Numerous studies have convincingly shown that patchy or interstitial fibrosis interferes with myocardial electrophysiology by slowing down action potential propagation, initiating reentry, promoting after-depolarizations, and increasing ectopic automaticity. Meanwhile, there has been increasing appreciation of direct involvement of myofibroblasts, the activated form of fibroblasts, in arrhythmogenesis. Myofibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes with expression of gap-junctions and ion channels thereby forming direct electrical coupling with cardiomyocytes, which potentially results in profound disturbances of electrophysiology. There is strong evidence that systemic and regional inflammatory processes contribute to fibrogenesis (i.e., structural remodeling) and dysfunction of ion channels and Ca2+ homeostasis (i.e., electrical remodeling). Recognizing the pivotal role of fibrosis in the arrhythmogenesis has promoted clinical research on characterizing fibrosis by means of cardiac imaging or fibrosis biomarkers for clinical stratification of patients at higher risk of lethal arrhythmia, as well as preclinical research on the development of antifibrotic therapies. At the end of this review, we discuss remaining key questions in this area and propose new research approaches. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1009-1049, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Nhan Nguyen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Weng CH, Chung FP, Chen YC, Lin SF, Huang PH, Kuo TBJ, Hsu WH, Su WC, Sung YL, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Lo LW, Yeh HI, Chen YJ, Hong YR, Chen SA, Hu YF. Pleiotropic Effects of Myocardial MMP-9 Inhibition to Prevent Ventricular Arrhythmia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38894. [PMID: 27966586 PMCID: PMC5155273 DOI: 10.1038/srep38894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have established a strong association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and ventricular arrhythmia. However, whether MMP-9 has a causal link to ventricular arrhythmia, as well as the underlying mechanism, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanistic involvement of myocardial MMP-9 in the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmia. Increased levels of myocardial MMP-9 are linked to ventricular arrhythmia attacks after angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment. MMP-9-deficient mice were protected from ventricular arrhythmia. Increased expressions of protein kinase A (PKA) and ryanodine receptor phosphorylation at serine 2808 (pS2808) were correlated with inducible ventricular arrhythmia. MMP-9 deficiency consistently prevented PKA and pS2808 increases after Ang II treatment and reduced ventricular arrhythmia. Calcium dynamics were examined via confocal imaging in isolated murine cardiomyocytes. MMP-9 inhibition prevents calcium leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduces arrhythmia-like irregular calcium transients via protein kinase A and ryanodine receptor phosphorylation. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes similarly show that MMP-9 inhibition prevents abnormal calcium leakage. Myocardial MMP-9 inhibition prevents ventricular arrhythmia through pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of calcium homeostasis and reduced calcium leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Weng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Po Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B. J. Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lin Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Li H, Spagnol G, Zheng L, Stauch KL, Sorgen PL. Regulation of Connexin43 Function and Expression by Tyrosine Kinase 2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15867-80. [PMID: 27235399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) assembly and degradation, the regulation of electrical and metabolic coupling, as well as modulating the interaction with other proteins, involve phosphorylation. Here, we identified and characterized the biological significance of a novel tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates Cx43, tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2). Activation of Tyk2 led to a decrease in Cx43 gap junction communication by increasing the turnover rate of Cx43 from the plasma membrane. Tyk2 directly phosphorylated Cx43 residues Tyr-247 and Tyr-265, leading to indirect phosphorylation on residues Ser-279/Ser-282 (MAPK) and Ser-368 (PKC). Although this phosphorylation pattern is similar to what has been observed following Src activation, the response caused by Tyk2 occurred when Src was inactive in NRK cells. Knockdown of Tyk2 at the permissive temperature (active v-Src) in LA-25 cells decreased Cx43 phosphorylation, indicating that although activation of Tyk2 and v-Src leads to phosphorylation of the same Cx43CT residues, they are not identical in level at each site. Additionally, angiotensin II activation of Tyk2 increased the intracellular protein level of Cx43 via STAT3. These findings indicate that, like Src, Tyk2 can also inhibit gap junction communication by phosphorylating Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Li
- From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
| | - Li Zheng
- From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
| | - Kelly L Stauch
- From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
| | - Paul L Sorgen
- From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
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18
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Horton RE, Yadid M, McCain ML, Sheehy SP, Pasqualini FS, Park SJ, Cho A, Campbell P, Parker KK. Angiotensin II Induced Cardiac Dysfunction on a Chip. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146415. [PMID: 26808388 PMCID: PMC4725954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro disease models offer the ability to study specific systemic features in isolation to better understand underlying mechanisms that lead to dysfunction. Here, we present a cardiac dysfunction model using angiotensin II (ANG II) to elicit pathological responses in a heart-on-a-chip platform that recapitulates native laminar cardiac tissue structure. Our platform, composed of arrays of muscular thin films (MTF), allows for functional comparisons of healthy and diseased tissues by tracking film deflections resulting from contracting tissues. To test our model, we measured gene expression profiles, morphological remodeling, calcium transients, and contractile stress generation in response to ANG II exposure and compared against previous experimental and clinical results. We found that ANG II induced pathological gene expression profiles including over-expression of natriuretic peptide B, Rho GTPase 1, and T-type calcium channels. ANG II exposure also increased proarrhythmic early after depolarization events and significantly reduced peak systolic stresses. Although ANG II has been shown to induce structural remodeling, we control tissue architecture via microcontact printing, and show pathological genetic profiles and functional impairment precede significant morphological changes. We assert that our in vitro model is a useful tool for evaluating tissue health and can serve as a platform for studying disease mechanisms and identifying novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renita E. Horton
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, James Worth Bagley College of Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Moran Yadid
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megan L. McCain
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean P. Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francesco S. Pasqualini
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander Cho
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrick Campbell
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Ménard J, Rigel DF, Watson C, Jeng AY, Fu F, Beil M, Liu J, Chen W, Hu CW, Leung-Chu J, LaSala D, Liang G, Rebello S, Zhang Y, Dole WP. Aldosterone synthase inhibition: cardiorenal protection in animal disease models and translation of hormonal effects to human subjects. J Transl Med 2014; 12:340. [PMID: 25491597 PMCID: PMC4301837 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aldosterone synthase inhibition provides the potential to attenuate both the mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent and independent actions of aldosterone. In vitro studies with recombinant human enzymes showed LCI699 to be a potent, reversible, competitive inhibitor of aldosterone synthase (Ki = 1.4 ± 0.2 nmol/L in humans) with relative selectivity over 11β-hydroxylase. Methods Hormonal effects of orally administered LCI699 were examined in rat and monkey in vivo models of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin-II-stimulated aldosterone release, and were compared with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone in a randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted in 99 healthy human subjects. The effects of LCI699 and eplerenone on cardiac and renal sequelae of aldosterone excess were investigated in a double-transgenic rat (dTG rat) model overexpressing human renin and angiotensinogen. Results Rat and monkey in vivo models of stimulated aldosterone release predicted human dose– and exposure–response relationships, but overestimated the selectivity of LCI699 in humans. In the dTG rat model, LCI699 dose-dependently blocked increases in aldosterone, prevented development of cardiac and renal functional abnormalities independent of blood pressure changes, and prolonged survival. Eplerenone prolonged survival to a similar extent, but was less effective in preventing cardiac and renal damage. In healthy human subjects, LCI699 0.5 mg selectively reduced plasma and 24 h urinary aldosterone by 49 ± 3% and 39 ± 6% respectively (Day 1, mean ± SEM; P < 0.001 vs placebo), which was associated with natriuresis and an increase in plasma renin activity. Doses of LCI699 greater than 1 mg inhibited basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol. Eplerenone 100 mg increased plasma and 24 h urinary aldosterone while stimulating natriuresis and increasing renin activity. In contrast to eplerenone, LCI699 increased the aldosterone precursor 11-deoxycorticosterone and urinary potassium excretion. Conclusions These results provide new insights into the cardiac and renal effects of inhibiting aldosterone synthase in experimental models and translation of the hormonal effects to humans. Selective inhibition of aldosterone synthase appears to be a promising approach to treat diseases associated with aldosterone excess. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0340-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Ménard
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine and INSERM/AP-HP Clinical Investigation Center, Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Dean F Rigel
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - Catherine Watson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Arco Y Jeng
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA. .,Current address: Golda Och Academy, 1418 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA.
| | - Fumin Fu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - Michael Beil
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - Jing Liu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - Chii-Whei Hu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Daniel LaSala
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - Guiqing Liang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Sam Rebello
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - William P Dole
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Yasuno S, Kuwahara K, Kinoshita H, Yamada C, Nakagawa Y, Usami S, Kuwabara Y, Ueshima K, Harada M, Nishikimi T, Nakao K. Angiotensin II type 1a receptor signalling directly contributes to the increased arrhythmogenicity in cardiac hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1384-95. [PMID: 23937445 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin II has been implicated in the development of various cardiovascular ailments, including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The fact that inhibiting its signalling reduced the incidences of both sudden cardiac death and heart failure in several large-scale clinical trials suggests that angiotensin II is involved in increased cardiac arrhythmogenicity during the development of heart failure. However, because angiotensin II also promotes structural remodelling, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, it has been difficult to assess its direct contribution to cardiac arrhythmogenicity independently of the structural effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We induced cardiac hypertrophy in wild-type (WT) and angiotensin II type 1a receptor knockout (AT1aR-KO) mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia (VT) assessed in an in vivo electrophysiological study was compared in the two genotypes. The effect of acute pharmacological blockade of AT1R on the incidences of arrhythmias was also assessed. KEY RESULTS As described previously, WT and AT1aR-KO mice with TAC developed cardiac hypertrophy to the same degree, but the incidence of VT was much lower in the latter. Moreover, although TAC induced an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of connexin 43, a critical component of gap junctional channels, and a reduction in ventricular levels of connexin 43 protein in both genotypes, the effect was significantly ameliorated in AT1aR-KO mice. Acute pharmacological blockade of AT1R also reduced the incidence of arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings demonstrate that AT1aR-mediated signalling makes a direct contribution to the increase in arrhythmogenicity in hypertrophied hearts independently of structural remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yasuno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; EBM Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Milani-Nejad N, Janssen PML. Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:235-49. [PMID: 24140081 PMCID: PMC3947198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is responsible for not only pumping blood throughout the body but also adjusting this pumping activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the metabolic demands of the body. For the most part, the human heart is capable of performing its duties without complications; however, throughout many decades of use, at some point this system encounters problems. Research into the heart's activities during healthy states and during adverse impacts that occur in disease states is necessary in order to strategize novel treatment options to ultimately prolong and improve patients' lives. Animal models are an important aspect of cardiac research where a variety of cardiac processes and therapeutic targets can be studied. However, there are differences between the heart of a human being and an animal and depending on the specific animal, these differences can become more pronounced and in certain cases limiting. There is no ideal animal model available for cardiac research, the use of each animal model is accompanied with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we will discuss these advantages and disadvantages of commonly used laboratory animals including mouse, rat, rabbit, canine, swine, and sheep. Since the goal of cardiac research is to enhance our understanding of human health and disease and help improve clinical outcomes, we will also discuss the role of human cardiac tissue in cardiac research. This review will focus on the cardiac ventricular contractile and relaxation kinetics of humans and animal models in order to illustrate these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Milani-Nejad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.
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22
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De Giusti VC, Ciancio MC, Orlowski A, Aiello EA. Modulation of the cardiac sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter by the renin angiotensin aldosterone system: pathophysiological consequences. Front Physiol 2014; 4:411. [PMID: 24478712 PMCID: PMC3894460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) is one of the major alkalinizing mechanisms in the cardiomyocytes. It has been demonstrated the existence of at least two functional isoforms, one that promotes the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 1 molecule of HCO−3 (electroneutral isoform; NBCn1) and the other one that generates the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 2 molecules of HCO−3 (electrogenic isoform; NBCe1). Both isoforms are important to maintain intracellular pH (pHi) and sodium concentration ([Na+]i). In addition, NBCe1 generates an anionic repolarizing current that modulates the action potential duration (APD). The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in the modulation of almost all physiological cardiac functions and is also involved in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. It was reported that angiotensin II (Ang II) exhibits an opposite effect on NBC isoforms: it activates NBCn1 and inhibits NBCe1. The activation of NBCn1 leads to an increase in pHi and [Na+]i, which indirectly, due to the stimulation of reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), conduces to an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. On the other hand, the inhibition of NBCe1 generates an APD prolongation, potentially representing a risk of arrhythmias. In the last years, the potentially altered NBC function in pathological scenarios, as cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia-reperfusion, has raised increasing interest among investigators. This review attempts to draw the attention on the relevant regulation of NBC activity by RAAS, since it modulates pHi and [Na+]i, which are involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, the damage produced by ischemia-reperfusion and the generation of arrhythmic events, suggesting a potential role of NBC in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica C De Giusti
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET-La Plata La Plata, Argentina
| | - María C Ciancio
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET-La Plata La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Orlowski
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET-La Plata La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ernesto A Aiello
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET-La Plata La Plata, Argentina
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Aiello EA, De Giusti VC. Regulation of the cardiac sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter by angiotensin II: potential Contribution to structural, ionic and electrophysiological myocardial remodelling. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 9:24-32. [PMID: 23116057 PMCID: PMC3584305 DOI: 10.2174/157340313805076340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium/ bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) is, with the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), an important alkalinizing mechanism that maintains cellular intracellular pH (pHi). In the heart exists at least three isoforms of NBC, one that promotes the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 1molecule of HCO3-(electroneutral isoform; nNBC) and two others that generates the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 2 molecules of HCO3- (electrogenic isoforms; eNBC). In addition, the eNBC generates an anionic repolarizing current that modulate the cardiac action potential (CAP), adding to such isoforms the relevance to modulate the electrophysiological function of the heart. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the main hormones that regulate cardiac physiology. The alkalinizing mechanisms (NHE and NBC) are stimulated by Ang II, increasing pHi and intracellular Na+ concentration, which indirectly, due to the stimulation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) operating in the reverse form, leads to an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Interestingly, it has been shown that Ang II exhibits an opposite effect on NBC isoforms: it activates the nNBC and inhibits the eNBC. This inhibition generates a CAP prolongation, which could directly increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The regulation of the intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations is crucial for the cardiac cellular physiology, but these ions are also involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the damage produced by ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting a potential role of NBC in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Alejandro Aiello
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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Curcio A, Torella D, Iaconetti C, Pasceri E, Sabatino J, Sorrentino S, Giampà S, Micieli M, Polimeni A, Henning BJ, Leone A, Catalucci D, Ellison GM, Condorelli G, Indolfi C. MicroRNA-1 downregulation increases connexin 43 displacement and induces ventricular tachyarrhythmias in rodent hypertrophic hearts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70158. [PMID: 23922949 PMCID: PMC3724819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of the muscle-specific microRNA-1 (miR-1) mediates the induction of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Dysfunction of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), an established miR-1 target, during cardiac hypertrophy leads to ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). However, it is still unknown whether miR-1 and Cx43 are interconnected in the pro-arrhythmic context of hypertrophy. Thus, in this study we investigated whether a reduction in the extent of cardiac hypertrophy could limit the pathological electrical remodeling of Cx43 and the onset of VT by modulating miR-1 levels. Wistar male rats underwent mechanical constriction of the ascending aorta to induce pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and afterwards were randomly assigned to receive 10mg/kg valsartan, VAL (LVH+VAL) delivered in the drinking water or placebo (LVH) for 12 weeks. Sham surgery was performed for control groups. Programmed ventricular stimulation reproducibly induced VT in LVH compared to LVH+VAL group. When compared to sham controls, rats from LVH group showed a significant decrease of miR-1 and an increase of Cx43 expression and its ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation, which displaces Cx43 from the gap junction. Interestingly, VAL administration to rats with aortic banding significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy and prevented miR-1 down-regulation and Cx43 up-regulation and phosphorylation. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in neonatal cardiomyocytes (NCMs) in vitro confirmed that Cx43 is a direct target of miR-1. Accordingly, in vitro angiotensin II stimulation reduced miR-1 levels and increased Cx43 expression and phosphorylation compared to un-stimulated NCMs. Finally, in vivo miR-1 cardiac overexpression by an adenoviral vector intra-myocardial injection reduced Cx43 expression and phosphorylation in mice with isoproterenol-induced LVH. In conclusion, miR-1 regulates Cx43 expression and activity in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of pressure overload-induced myocyte hypertrophy reduces the risk of life-threatening VT by normalizing miR-1 expression levels with the consequent stabilization of Cx43 expression and activity within the gap junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Curcio
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Biostem Unit, RISES, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Iaconetti
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenia Pasceri
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabato Sorrentino
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giampà
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariella Micieli
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alberto Polimeni
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Beverley J. Henning
- Biostem Unit, RISES, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo Leone
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, and National Research Council, Italy
| | - Georgina M. Ellison
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Biostem Unit, RISES, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, and National Research Council, Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- URT - National Research Council, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Krandycheva V, Kharin S, Strelkova M, Shumikhin K, Sobolev A, Shmakov D. Ventricular repolarization in a rat model of global heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:431-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Krandycheva
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Sergey Kharin
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Marina Strelkova
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Konstantin Shumikhin
- Department of Biomedical Disciplines; Komi Branch of Kirov State Medical Academy; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Aleksey Sobolev
- Department of Physiology; Komi Branch of Kirov State Medical Academy; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Dmitry Shmakov
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
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De Giusti VC, Caldiz CI, Ennis IL, Pérez NG, Cingolani HE, Aiello EA. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signaling molecules of intracellular pathways triggered by the cardiac renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system (RAAS). Front Physiol 2013; 4:126. [PMID: 23755021 PMCID: PMC3667248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria represent major sources of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of the cardiomyocyte. The role of ROS as signaling molecules that mediate different intracellular pathways has gained increasing interest among physiologists in the last years. In our lab, we have been studying the participation of mitochondrial ROS in the intracellular pathways triggered by the renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the myocardium during the past few years. We have demonstrated that acute activation of cardiac RAAS induces mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitoKATP) opening with the consequent enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS. These oxidant molecules, in turn, activate membrane transporters, as sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE-1) and sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) via the stimulation of the ROS-sensitive MAPK cascade. The stimulation of such effectors leads to an increase in cardiac contractility. In addition, it is feasible to suggest that a sustained enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS induced by chronic cardiac RAAS, and hence, chronic NHE-1 and NBC stimulation, would also result in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C De Giusti
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET La Plata, Argentina
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Connexin43 and Angiotensin II Alterations in Hearts of Rats Having Undergone an Acute Exposure to Alcohol. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2013; 34:68-71. [DOI: 10.1097/paf.0b013e31827bf67f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Connexin 43, angiotensin II, endothelin 1, and type III collagen alterations in heart of rats having undergone fatal electrocution. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2013; 33:215-21. [PMID: 22182986 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0b013e31823f04eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Death due to accidental electrocution occurs frequently. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in cardiac connexin 43 (Cx43), angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin 1 (ET-1), and type III collagen associated with fatal electrocution.Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, fatal electrocution (220 V, 50 Hz, 60 seconds), and electrical injury (220 V, 50 Hz, 60 seconds) groups. Animals were deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital before each treatment, with the anode connected to the left foreleg and the cathode to the right hindleg, followed by cervical dislocation. Control animals received cervical dislocation alone. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the cardiac protein expression of Cx43, Ang II, ET-1, and type III collagen. Sections were analyzed by digital image analysis.The expression of Cx43 was significantly reduced after fatal electrocution, with the integrated optical density also lower when compared with control (P < 0.05). Expression of both Ang II and ET-1 was significantly increased after fatal electrocution, supported by integrated optical density when compared with control (P < 0.05). But no significant difference was found in type III collagen expression between the fatal electrocution group and the control group.In summary, cardiac protein expression of Cx43, Ang II, and ET-1 was found to be significantly altered with fatal electrocution, suggesting that these 3 proteins may be important underlying mechanisms of death during fatal electrocution. The current findings indicate that such alterations would be reflected in abnormal cardiac function and a possible cause of sudden death.
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Simkó J, Szabó Z, Barta K, Ujvárosi D, Nánási P, Lőrincz I. [Molecular and genetic background of sudden cardiac death]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:1967-83. [PMID: 23220363 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent findings on the functional, structural and genetic background of sudden cardiac death, the incidence is still relatively high in the entire population. A thorough knowledge on susceptibility, as well as pathophysiology behind the development of malignant arrhythmias will help us to identify individuals at risk and prevent sudden cardiac death. This article presents a review of the current literature on the role of altered intracellular Ca2+ handling, acute myocardial ischaemia, cardiac autonomic innervation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, monogenic and complex heritability in the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Simkó
- Miskolci Semmelweis Ignác Egészségügyi Központ és Egyetemi Oktatókórház Nonprofit Kft. Belgyógyászati Intézet, Kardiológiai Osztály Miskolc.
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Jiao KL, Li YG, Zhang PP, Chen RH, Yu Y. Effects of valsartan on ventricular arrhythmia induced by programmed electrical stimulation in rats with myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1342-51. [PMID: 22128836 PMCID: PMC3823086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on electrical remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of valsartan on incidence of ventricular arrhythmia induced by programmed electrical stimulation (PES) and potential link to changes of myocardial connexins (Cx) 43 expression and distribution in MI rats. Fifty-nine rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham (n = 20), MI (n = 20) and MI + Val (20 mg/kg/day per gavage, n = 19). After eight weeks, the incidence of PES-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) was compared among groups. mRNA and protein expressions of Cx43, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the LV border zone (BZ) and non-infarct zone (NIZ) were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Connexins 43 protein and collagen distribution were examined by immunohistochemistry in BZ and NIZ sections from MI hearts. Valsartan effectively improved the cardiac function, reduced the prolonged QTc (163.7 ± 3.7 msec. versus 177.8 ± 4.5 msec., P < 0.05) after MI and the incidence of VT or VF evoked by PES (21.1% versus 55%, P < 0.05). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression was significantly increased in BZ and NIZ sections after MI, which was down-regulated by valsartan. The mRNA and protein expressions of Cx43 in BZ were significantly reduced after MI and up-regulated by valsartan. Increased collagen deposition and reduced Cx43 expression in BZ after MI could be partly attenuated by Valsartan. Valsartan reduced the incidence of PES-induced ventricular arrhythmia, this effect was possibly through modulating the myocardial AT1R and Cx43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Li Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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31
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Qin M, Huang H, Wang T, Hu H, Liu Y, Gu Y, Cao H, Li H, Huang C. Atrial tachyarrhythmia in Rgs5-null mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46856. [PMID: 23144791 PMCID: PMC3489853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (Rgs5), a negative regulator of G protein-mediated signaling, on atrial repolarization and tachyarrhythmia (ATA) in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS In present study, the incidence of ATA were increased in Rgs5(-/-) Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts during program electrical stimulation (PES) (46.7%, 7 of 15) and burst pacing (26.7%, 4 of 15) compared with wild-type (WT) mice (PES: 7.1%,1 of 14; burst:7.1%,1 of 14) (P<0.05). And the duration of ATA also shown longer in Rgs5(-/-) heart than that in WT, 2 out of 15 hearts exhibited sustained ATA (>30 s) but none of them observed in WT mice. Atrial prolonged repolarization was observed in Rgs5(-/-) hearts including widened P wave in surface ECG recording, increased action potential duration (APD) and atrial effective refractory periods (AERP), all of them showed significant difference with WT mice (P<0.05). At the cellular level, whole-cell patch clamp recorded markedly decreased densities of repolarizing K(+) currents including I(Kur) (at +60 mV: 14.0±2.2 pF/pA) and I(to) (at +60 mV: 16.7±1.3 pA/pF) in Rgs5(-/-) atrial cardiomyocytes, compared to those of WT mice (at +60 mV I(to): 20.4±2.0 pA/pF; I(kur): 17.9±2.0 pF/pA) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that Rgs5 is an important regulator of arrhythmogenesis in the mouse atrium and that the enhanced susceptibility to atrial tachyarrhythmias in Rgs5(-/-) mice may contribute to abnormalities of atrial repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - He Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwei Gu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Wen H, Gwathmey JK, Xie LH. Oxidative stress-mediated effects of angiotensin II in the cardiovascular system. World J Hypertens 2012; 2:34-44. [PMID: 24587981 PMCID: PMC3936474 DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v2.i4.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), an endogenous peptide hormone, plays critical roles in the pathophysiological modulation of cardiovascular functions. Ang II is the principle effector of the renin-angiotensin system for maintaining homeostasis in the cardiovascular system, as well as a potent stimulator of NAD(P)H oxidase, which is the major source and primary trigger for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in various tissues. Recent accumulating evidence has demonstrated the importance of oxidative stress in Ang II-induced heart diseases. Here, we review the recent progress in the study on oxidative stress-mediated effects of Ang II in the cardiovascular system. In particular, the involvement of Ang II-induced ROS generation in arrhythmias, cell death/heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension are discussed. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is an important molecule linking Ang II, ROS and cardiovascular pathological conditions.
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Electrophysiologic remodeling of the left ventricle in pressure overload-induced right ventricular failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:2193-202. [PMID: 22676940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the electrophysiologic remodeling of the atrophic left ventricle (LV) in right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF) after RV pressure overload. BACKGROUND The LV in pressure-induced RVF develops dysfunction, reduction in mass, and altered gene expression, due to atrophic remodeling. LV atrophy is associated with electrophysiologic remodeling. METHODS We conducted epicardial mapping in Langendorff-perfused hearts, patch-clamp studies, gene expression studies, and protein level studies of the LV in rats with pressure-induced RVF (monocrotaline [MCT] injection, n = 25; controls with saline injection, n = 18). We also performed epicardial mapping of the LV in patients with RVF after chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) (RVF, n = 10; no RVF, n = 16). RESULTS The LV of rats with MCT-induced RVF exhibited electrophysiologic remodeling: longer action potentials (APs) at 90% repolarization and effective refractory periods (ERPs) (60 ± 1 ms vs. 44 ± 1 ms; p < 0.001), and slower longitudinal conduction velocity (62 ± 2 cm/s vs. 70 ± 1 cm/s; p = 0.003). AP/ERP prolongation agreed with reduced Kcnip2 expression, which encodes the repolarizing potassium channel subunit KChIP2 (0.07 ± 0.01 vs. 0.11 ± 0.02; p < 0.05). Conduction slowing was not explained by impaired impulse formation, as AP maximum upstroke velocity, whole-cell sodium current magnitude/properties, and mRNA levels of Scn5a were unaltered. Instead, impulse transmission in RVF was hampered by reduction in cell length (111.6 ± 0.7 μm vs. 122.0 ± 0.4 μm; p = 0.02) and width (21.9 ± 0.2 μm vs. 25.3 ± 0.3 μm; p = 0.002), and impaired cell-to-cell impulse transmission (24% reduction in Connexin-43 levels). The LV of patients with CTEPH with RVF also exhibited ERP prolongation (306 ± 8 ms vs. 268 ± 5 ms; p = 0.001) and conduction slowing (53 ± 3 cm/s vs. 64 ± 3 cm/s; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Pressure-induced RVF is associated with electrophysiologic remodeling of the atrophic LV.
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Bapat A, Nguyen TP, Lee JH, Sovari AA, Fishbein MC, Weiss JN, Karagueuzian HS. Enhanced sensitivity of aged fibrotic hearts to angiotensin II- and hypokalemia-induced early afterdepolarization-mediated ventricular arrhythmias. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2331-40. [PMID: 22467308 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00094.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Unlike young hearts, aged hearts are highly susceptible to early afterdepolarization (EAD)-mediated ventricular fibrillation (VF). This differential may result from age-related structural remodeling (fibrosis) or electrical remodeling of ventricular myocytes or both. We used optical mapping and microelectrode recordings in Langendorff-perfused hearts and patch-clamp recordings in isolated ventricular myocytes from aged (24-26 mo) and young (3-4 mo) rats to assess susceptibility to EADs and VF during either oxidative stress with ANG II (2 μM) or ionic stress with hypokalemia (2.7 mM). ANG II caused EAD-mediated VF in 16 of 19 aged hearts (83%) after 32 ± 7 min but in 0 of 9 young hearts (0%). ANG II-mediated VF was suppressed with KN-93 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitor) and the reducing agent N-acetylcysteine. Hypokalemia caused EAD-mediated VF in 11 of 11 aged hearts (100%) after 7.4 ± 0.4 min. In 14 young hearts, however, VF did not occur in 6 hearts (43%) or was delayed in onset (31 ± 22 min, P < 0.05) in 8 hearts (57%). In patch-clamped myocytes, ANG II and hypokalemia (n = 6) induced EADs and triggered activity in both age groups (P = not significant) at a cycle length of >0.5 s. When myocytes of either age group were coupled to a virtual fibroblast using the dynamic patch-clamp technique, EADs arose in both groups at a cycle length of <0.5 s. Aged ventricles had significantly greater fibrosis and reduced connexin43 gap junction density compared with young hearts. The lack of differential age-related sensitivity at the single cell level in EAD susceptibility indicates that increased ventricular fibrosis in the aged heart plays a key role in increasing vulnerability to VF induced by oxidative and ionic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Bapat
- Translational Arrhythmia Research Section, University of California-Los Angeles Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, USA
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Rich JD, Thenappan T, Freed B, Patel AR, Thisted RA, Childers R, Archer SL. QTc prolongation is associated with impaired right ventricular function and predicts mortality in pulmonary hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:669-76. [PMID: 22459397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rodent models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), the QTc interval is prolonged, reflecting downregulation of repolarizing Kv channels in RV myocytes. The significance of QTc prolongation in human PH is unknown. We hypothesized that QTc prolongation occurs in human PH, is associated with RVH and decreased RV function, and predicts adverse prognosis. METHODS Patients receiving a PAH-specific therapy (a prostanoid, endothelin-receptor antagonist and/or a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor), who had a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (n=202) were compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n=100). The duration of QTc on ECG was correlated with invasive hemodynamics (n=156) and with the status of the RV, as measured by Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP, n=145) and magnetic resonance imaging (n=24). Survival of the entire PH cohort and a subgroup with WHO Groups 1 and 4 PAH was prospectively determined from the Social Security Death Index. RESULTS QTc intervals were longer in PH vs. controls (454.8 ± 29 ms vs. 429.8 ± 18 ms, p<0.001) and did not differ based on PAH-specific therapy. NT-proBNP increased proportionately with QTc and was higher for those in the upper quintile (QTc ≥ 480 ms) vs. those with QTc<480 ms (4004 ± 6682 pg/mL vs. 1501 ± 1822 pg/mL, p<0.001). The QTc interval also correlated directly with increasing RV end-diastolic volume (r=.67, p<0.001) and mass (r=.0.51, p<0.05), and inversely with RV ejection fraction (r=-.49, p<0.05). In the entire PH cohort and WHO Groups 1 and 4 subgroup, QTc ≥ 480 ms and cardiac index were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS QTc prolongation in PH patients reflects the status of the RV and is an independent predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Rich
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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Brisinda D, Sorbo AR, Venuti A, Fenici R. Percutaneous method for single-catheter multiple monophasic action potential recordings during magnetocardiographic mapping in spontaneously breathing rodents. Physiol Meas 2012; 33:521-34. [PMID: 22373565 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/33/3/521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To test the feasibility of a novel method to combine magnetocardiographic (MCG) estimate of ventricular repolarization (VR) and multiple monophasic action potential (MultiMAP) recording in spontaneously breathing rodents with percutaneous sub-xyphoid epicardial placement of a MCG-compatible amagnetic catheter (AC), ten Wistar rats (WRs) and ten guinea pigs (GPs) were studied. Under fluoroscopic control, the AC was moved until four stable MAPs were recorded (fixed inter-electrode distance of 1.2 mm). 36-channel DC-SQUID (sensitivity 20 fT Hz(-½)) were used for MCG mapping. MAPs, differentially amplified (BW: DC-500 Hz), were digitized at 1 kHz. AC pacing provided local ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) estimate. MAP duration (MAPd) was measured at 50% and 90% levels of repolarization. Simultaneous MCG mapping and MultiMAP recording were successful in all animals. Average MAPd50% and MAPd90% were shorter in WRs than in GPs (26.4 ± 2.9 ms versus 110.6 ± 14.3 ms and 60.7 ± 5.4 ms versus 127.7 ± 15.3 ms, respectively). VERP was 51 ± 4.8 ms in WRs and 108.4 ± 12.9 ms in GPs, respectively. The MAP amplitude was 16.9 ± 4.5 in WRs and 16.2 ± 4.2 in GPs. MAP and MCG parameters of VR were in good agreement. All animals survived the procedure. Two also survived a second invasive study; one was followed up until natural death at 52 months. Percutaneous MultiMAP recording is minimally invasive, usually avoids animal sacrifice, is compatible with simultaneous surface MCG mapping and might be used for experimental validation of MCG VR abnormality, to study the arrhythmogenic potential of new drugs and/or animal models of ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Brisinda
- Clinical Physiology-Biomagnetism Center, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Luft FC. Connecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with sudden death. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:631-3. [PMID: 21607541 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Lindenbergerweg, Germany.
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Iravanian S, Sovari AA, Lardin HA, Liu H, Xiao HD, Dolmatova E, Jiao Z, Harris BS, Witham EA, Gourdie RG, Duffy HS, Bernstein KE, Dudley SC. Inhibition of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduces ventricular tachycardia risk by altering connexin43. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:677-87. [PMID: 21553032 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation is associated with arrhythmias. We investigated the effects of RAS inhibition in cardiac-specific angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) overexpression (ACE 8/8) mice, which exhibit proclivity to ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sudden death because of reduced connexin43 (Cx43). ACE 8/8 mice were treated with an ACE inhibitor (captopril) or an angiotensin receptor type-1 blocker (losartan). Subsequently, electrophysiological studies were performed, and the hearts were extracted for Cx43 quantification using immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent dye spread method, and sodium current quantification using whole cell patch clamping. VT was induced in 12.5% of captopril-treated ACE 8/8 and in 28.6% of losartan-treated mice compared to 87.5% of untreated mice (P < 0.01). Losartan and captopril treatment increased total Cx43 2.4-fold (P = 0.01) and the Cx43 phosphorylation ratio 2.3-fold (P = 0.005). Treatment was associated with a recovery of gap junctional conductance. Survival in treated mice improved to 0.78 at 10 weeks (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.92), compared to the expected survival of less than 0.50. In a model of RAS activation, arrhythmic risk was correlated with reduced Cx43 amount and phosphorylation. RAS inhibition resulted in increased total and phosphorylated Cx43, decreased VT inducibility, and improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Iravanian
- Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Emory University, GA, 30033, USA
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Zografos T, Katritsis DG. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system for prevention of atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2011; 33:1270-85. [PMID: 20636314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. There has been compelling evidence supporting the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the genesis and perpetuation of AF through atrial remodeling, and experimental studies have validated the utilization of RAS inhibition for AF prevention. This article reviews clinical trials on the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for the prevention of AF. Results have been variable, depending on the clinical background of treated patients. ACEIs and ARBs appear beneficial for primary prevention of AF in patients with heart failure, whereas they are not equally effective in hypertensive patients with normal left ventricular function. Furthermore, the use of ACEIs or ARBs for secondary prevention of AF has been found beneficial only after electrical cardioversion. Additional data are needed to establish the potential clinical role of renin-angiotensin inhibition for prevention of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Zografos
- Department of Cardiology, Athens Euroclinic, 9 Athanassiadou Street, Athens, Greece
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Zhao Z, Fefelova N, Shanmugam M, Bishara P, Babu GJ, Xie LH. Angiotensin II induces afterdepolarizations via reactive oxygen species and calmodulin kinase II signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:128-36. [PMID: 21059353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors significantly reduce the incidence of arrhythmias. However, the underlying mechanism(s) is not well understood. We aim to test the hypothesis that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and triggered activities (TAs) via the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-ROS-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) pathway. ROS production was analyzed in the isolated rabbit myocytes loaded with ROS dye. Ang II (1-2 μM) increased ROS fluorescence in myocytes, which was abolished by Ang II type 1 receptor blocker losartan, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, and antioxidant MnTMPyP, respectively. Action potentials were recorded using the perforated patch-clamp technique. EADs emerged in 27 out of 41 (66%) cells at 15.8 ± 1.6 min after Ang II (1-2 μM) perfusion. Ang II-induced EADs were eliminated by losartan, apocynin, or trolox. The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 (n=6) and inhibitory peptide (AIP) (n=4) also suppressed Ang II-induced EADs, whereas the inactive analogue KN-92 did not. Nifedipine, a blocker of L-type Ca current (I(Ca)(2+)(,L)), or ranolazine, an inhibitor of late Na current (I(Na)(+)), abolished Ang II-induced EADs. The effects of Ang II on major membrane currents were evaluated using voltage clamp. While Ang II at same concentrations had no significant effect on total outward K(+) current, it enhanced I(Ca.L) and late I(Na), which were attenuated by losartan, apocynin, trolox, or KN-93. We conclude that Ang II induces EADs via intracellular ROS production through NADPH oxidase, activation of CaMKII, and enhancement of I(Ca,L) and late I(Na). These results provide evidence supporting a link between renin-angiotensin system and cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghang Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
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Jiang SY, Xu M, Ma XW, Xiao H, Zhang YY. A distinct AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation site characterizes cardiac hypertrophy induced by L-thyroxine and angiotensin II. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:919-25. [PMID: 20497424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate differences in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation sites in cardiac hypertrophy induced by L-thyroxine and angiotensin (Ang) II. 2. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in wild-type and AMPKalpha2-knockout mice by treatment with 1 mg/kg, i.p., thyroxine or 1.44 mg/kg per day AngII for 14 days. The phenotype of the hypertrophy was evaluated using echocardiographic measurements and histological analyses. The phosphorylation of AMPK at alpha-Ser(485/491) and alpha-Thr(172) was determined by western blot analysis. 3. In wild-type mice, the phosphorylation of AMPKalpha-Ser(485/491) was significantly elevated in the AngII-treated group, but not in the thyroxine-treated group, compared with the vehicle control group. In contrast, the phosphorylation of AMPKalpha-Thr(172) was significantly increased by thyroxine, but not AngII, treatment compared with the vehicle control group. Furthermore, knockout of the AMPKalpha2 subunit abolished phosphorylation at the alpha-Ser(485/491) site and significantly suppressed phosphorylation at the alpha-Thr(172) site, resulting in alleviation of thyroxine- but not AngII-induced hypertrophy. 4. In conclusion, L-thyroxine and AngII induce the phosphorylation of distinct sites of AMPK in cardiac hypertrophy. Phosphorylation of AMPK alpha-Thr(172) may contribute to thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Jiang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Molecular and functional remodeling of Ito by angiotensin II in the mouse left ventricle. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48:140-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Alteration of neurohormonal homeostasis is a hallmark of the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF). In particular, overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic catecholaminergic system is consistently observed. Chronic overactivation of these hormonal pathways leads to a detrimental arrhythmogenic remodeling of cardiac tissue due to dysregulation of cardiac ion channels. Sudden cardiac death resulting from ventricular arrhythmias is a major cause of mortality in patients with CHF. All the drug classes known to reduce mortality in patients with CHF are neurohormonal blockers. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of how cardiac ion channels are regulated by hormones known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of CHF.
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Watanabe H, Kaiser DW, Makino S, MacRae CA, Ellinor PT, Wasserman BS, Kannankeril PJ, Donahue BS, Roden DM, Darbar D. ACE I/D polymorphism associated with abnormal atrial and atrioventricular conduction in lone atrial fibrillation and structural heart disease: implications for electrical remodeling. Heart Rhythm 2009; 6:1327-32. [PMID: 19648063 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene contains a common polymorphism based on the insertion (I) or deletion (D) of a 287-bp intronic DNA fragment. The D allele is associated with higher ACE activity and thus higher angiotensin II levels. Angiotensin II stimulates cardiac fibrosis and conduction heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ACE I/D polymorphism modulates cardiac electrophysiology. METHODS Three different cohorts of patients were studied: 69 patients with paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation (AF), 151 patients with structural heart disease and no history of AF, and 161 healthy subjects without cardiovascular disease or AF. Patients taking drugs that affect cardiac conduction were excluded from the study. ECG parameters during sinus rhythm were compared among the ACE I/D genotypes. RESULTS The ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with the PR interval and heart block in the lone AF cohort. In multivariable linear regression models, the D allele was associated with longer PR interval in the lone AF and heart disease cohorts (12.0-ms and 7.1-ms increase per D allele, respectively). P-wave duration showed a similar trend, with increase in PR interval across ACE I/D genotypes in the lone AF and heart disease cohorts. CONCLUSION The ACE D allele is associated with electrical remodeling in patients with lone AF and in those with heart disease, but not in control subjects. ACE activity may play a role in cardiac remodeling after the development of AF and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Shimoni Y, Emmett T, Schmidt R, Nygren A, Kargacin G. Sex-dependent impairment of cardiac action potential conduction in type 1 diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1442-50. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01150.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing. Cardiac dysfunction often develops, resulting in diverse arrhythmias. These arise from ion channel remodeling or from altered speed and pattern of impulse propagation. Few studies have investigated impulse propagation in the diabetic heart. We previously showed a reduced conduction reserve in the diabetic heart, with associated changes in intercellular gap junctions. The present study investigated whether these effects are sex specific. Hearts from control and streptozotocin-diabetic male and female rats were used. Optical mapping was performed with the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPS, using Langendorff-perfused hearts. Isolated ventricular cells and tissue sections were used for immunofluorescent labeling of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). The gap junction uncoupler heptanol (0.75 mM) or elevated K+ (9 mM, to reduce cell excitability) produced significantly greater slowing of propagation in diabetic males than females. In ovariectomized diabetic females, 9 mM K+ slowed conduction significantly more than in nonovariectomized females. The subcellular redistribution (lateralization) of the gap junction protein Cx43 was smaller in diabetic females. Pretreatment of diabetic males with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril reduced Cx43 lateralization and the effects of 9 mM K+ on propagation. In conclusion, the slowing of cardiac impulse propagation in type 1 diabetes is smaller in female rats, partly due to the presence of female sex hormones. This difference is (partly) mediated by sex differences in activation of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system.
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Porthan K, Viitasalo M, Hiltunen TP, Vaananen H, Dabek J, Suonsyrja T, Hannila-Handelberg T, Virolainen J, Nieminen MS, Toivonen L, Kontula K, Oikarinen L. Short-term electrophysiological effects of losartan, bisoprolol, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive men. Ann Med 2009; 41:29-37. [PMID: 18608135 DOI: 10.1080/07853890802195211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hypertension-induced left ventricular structural remodelling associates with repolarization abnormalities. We investigated if antihypertensive drugs can modulate ventricular repolarization. METHODS A total of 183 hypertensive men received for 4 weeks drugs (losartan 50 mg, bisoprolol 5 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg) in a randomized order, separated by 4-week placebo periods. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded at the end of placebo and drug periods. Measurements of repolarization duration (QT intervals), repolarization heterogeneity (T-wave peak to T-wave end (TPE) intervals), and T-wave morphology (T-wave principal component analysis (PCA) ratio, T-wave morphology dispersion (TMD), and total cosine R-to-T (TCRT)) during each drug were compared to placebo measurements. RESULTS Losartan and bisoprolol shortened maximum and mean rate-adjusted QT intervals as well as mean TPE interval, decreased TMD, and increased TCRT. Losartan also shortened precordial maximum TPE interval and decreased PCA ratio. Amlodipine had no repolarization effects, whereas HCTZ prolonged precordial maximum TPE interval and mean TPE interval. CONCLUSION Losartan and bisoprolol have beneficial short-term ECG repolarization effects. Amlodipine seems to have no repolarization effects. HCTZ seems to prolong the ECG TPE interval, potentially reflecting increased repolarization heterogeneity. These findings show that antihypertensive drugs may relatively rapidly and treatment-specifically modulate ECG markers of ventricular repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Porthan
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhou C, Vignere CZ, Levitan ES. AUF1 is upregulated by angiotensin II to destabilize cardiac Kv4.3 channel mRNA. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45:832-8. [PMID: 18789946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Expression of cardiac myocyte Kv4 channels (Kv4.3 for human, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 for rodents) is downregulated with hypertrophy in vivo leading to a decrease in the transient outward current (Ito). This effect is recapitulated in vitro with rat neonatal cardiac myocytes treated with angiotensin II (Ang II), which acts via AT(1) receptors, NADPH oxidase and p38 MAP kinase to destabilize the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the Kv4.3 channel messenger RNA (mRNA). Here deletion analysis and mutagenesis identify an AU-rich element (ARE) in the Kv4.3 3'UTR that is required for Ang II-induced destabilization. Overexpression of AUF1 (ARE/poly-(U)-binding/degradation factor 1), an RNA destabilizing protein, mimics and occludes the Ang II effect, while RNA interference targeted against AUF1 blocks the Ang II effect on the Kv4.3 3'UTR. Ang II upregulates AUF1 by activating AT(1) receptors, NADPH oxidase and p38 MAP kinase. Finally, pull-down assays establish that Ang II increases AUF1 binding to the ARE required for destabilization, while binding of the mRNA stabilizing protein HuR is unaffected. Hence, Ang II acts via AT(1) receptors, NADPH oxidase and p38 MAP kinase to upregulate AUF1, which in turn binds to an ARE in the Kv4.3 3'UTR to destabilize the channel mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Shimoni Y, Chen K, Emmett T, Kargacin G. Aldosterone and the autocrine modulation of potassium currents and oxidative stress in the diabetic rat heart. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:675-87. [PMID: 18414392 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aldosterone plays a major role in cardiac pathology. This study was designed to investigate the role of cardiac aldosterone in modulating K(+) currents and oxidative stress in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat heart. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Transient and sustained K(+) currents were measured in ventricular myocytes by voltage clamp. Plasma and cellular aldosterone were measured by ELISA. Fluorescent dihydroethidium (DHE) was used to assess superoxide ions as markers of oxidative stress. KEY RESULTS The mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone (1 microM, 5-9 h) significantly augmented both K(+) currents in diabetic males, with a concomitant shortening of the action potential but had no effect in myocytes from control males or from diabetic females. Effects of spironolactone were restored in ovariectomized diabetic females and abolished in orchidectomized diabetic males. The aldosterone synthase inhibitor FAD286 (1 microM, 5-9 h) significantly augmented K(+) currents in cells from diabetic males, but not females. Spironolactone and FAD286 significantly reduced oxidative stress in cells from diabetic males. Plasma aldosterone content was elevated in diabetic males (relative to control), but not in females. Cellular aldosterone was also elevated, but not significantly. The elevation in aldosterone was only partly dependent on a concomitant increase in cellular angiotensin II. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A gender-related, sex-hormone-dependent elevation in plasma and cardiac cell aldosterone contributed to oxidative stress and to attenuation of K(+) currents in diabetic male rats. Aldosterone may thus contribute to diabetes-associated cardiac arrhythmias. Aldosterone elevation was partly related to levels of angiotensin II, but residual, angiotensin II-independent, aldosterone maintains functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Wang YH, Shi CX, Dong F, Sheng JW, Xu YF. Inhibition of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current in ventricular myocytes by angiotensin II via the AT1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:429-39. [PMID: 18414380 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. However, little is known about the electrophysiological effects of Ang II on ventricular repolarization. The rapid component of the delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kr)) plays a critical role in cardiac repolarization. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ang II on I(Kr) in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record I(Kr) in native cardiocytes and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, co-transfected with human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encoding the alpha-subunit of I(Kr) and the human Ang II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor gene. KEY RESULTS Ang II decreased the amplitude of I(Kr) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) of 8.9 nM. Action potential durations at 50% (APD(50)) and 90% (APD(90)) repolarization were prolonged 20% and 16%, respectively by Ang II (100 nM). Ang II-induced inhibition of the I(Kr) was abolished by the AT(1) receptor blocker, losartan (1 muM). Ang II decreased hERG current in HEK293 cells and significantly delayed channel activation, deactivation and recovery from inactivation. Moreover, PKC inhibitors, stausporine and Bis-1, significantly attenuated Ang II-induced inhibition of I(Kr). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ang II produces an inhibitory effect on I(Kr)/hERG currents via AT(1) receptors linked to the PKC pathway in ventricular myocytes. This is a potential mechanism by which elevated levels of Ang II are involved in the occurrence of arrhythmias in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ritz E, Wanner C. The Challenge of Sudden Death in Dialysis Patients:
Table 1. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:920-9. [DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04571007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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