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Tjaden NEB, Liou MJ, Sax SE, Lassoued N, Lou M, Schneider S, Beigel K, Eisenberg JD, Loeffler E, Anderson SE, Yan G, Litichevskiy L, Dohnalová L, Zhu Y, Jin DMJC, Raab J, Furth EE, Thompson Z, Rubenstein RC, Pilon N, Thaiss CA, Heuckeroth RO. Dietary manipulation of intestinal microbes prolongs survival in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.02.10.637436. [PMID: 39990395 PMCID: PMC11844371 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.10.637436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Enterocolitis is a common and potentially deadly manifestation of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) but disease mechanisms remain poorly defined. Unexpectedly, we discovered that diet can dramatically affect the lifespan of a HSCR mouse model ( Piebald lethal , sl/sl ) where affected animals die from HAEC complications. In the sl/sl model, diet alters gut microbes and metabolites, leading to changes in colon epithelial gene expression and epithelial oxygen levels known to influence colitis severity. Our findings demonstrate unrecognized similarity between HAEC and other types of colitis and suggest dietary manipulation could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for people with HSCR. Abstract Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a birth defect where enteric nervous system (ENS) is absent from distal bowel. Bowel lacking ENS fails to relax, causing partial obstruction. Affected children often have "Hirschsprung disease associated enterocolitis" (HAEC), which predisposes to sepsis. We discovered survival of Piebald lethal ( sl/sl ) mice, a well-established HSCR model with HAEC, is markedly altered by two distinct standard chow diets. A "Protective" diet increased fecal butyrate/isobutyrate and enhanced production of gut epithelial antimicrobial peptides in proximal colon. In contrast, "Detrimental" diet-fed sl/sl had abnormal appearing distal colon epithelium mitochondria, reduced epithelial mRNA involved in oxidative phosphorylation, and elevated epithelial oxygen that fostered growth of inflammation-associated Enterobacteriaceae . Accordingly, selective depletion of Enterobacteriaceae with sodium tungstate prolonged sl/sl survival. Our results provide the first strong evidence that diet modifies survival in a HSCR mouse model, without altering length of distal colon lacking ENS. Highlights Two different standard mouse diets alter survival in the Piebald lethal ( sl/sl ) mouse model of Hirschsprung disease, without impacting extent of distal colon aganglionosis (the region lacking ENS). Piebald lethal mice fed the "Detrimental" diet had many changes in colon epithelial transcriptome including decreased mRNA for antimicrobial peptides and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Detrimental diet fed sl/sl also had aberrant-appearing mitochondria in distal colon epithelium, with elevated epithelial oxygen that drives lethal Enterobacteriaceae overgrowth via aerobic respiration. Elimination of Enterobacteriaceae with antibiotics or sodium tungstate improves survival of Piebald lethal fed the "Detrimental diet". Graphical abstract
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Raun SH, Braun JL, Karavaeva I, Henriquez-Olguín C, Ali MS, Møller LLV, Gerhart-Hines Z, Fajardo VA, Richter EA, Sylow L. Mild Cold Stress at Ambient Temperature Elevates Muscle Calcium Cycling and Exercise Adaptations in Obese Female Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae102. [PMID: 39136248 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Housing temperature is a critical regulator of mouse metabolism and thermoneutral housing can improve model translation to humans. However, the impact of housing temperature on the ability of wheel running exercise training to rescue the detrimental effect of diet-induced obese mice is currently not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate how housing temperature affects muscle metabolism in obese mice with regard to calcium handling and exercise training (ET) adaptations in skeletal muscle, and benefits of ET on adiposity and glucometabolic parameters. METHODS Lean or obese female mice were housed at standard ambient temperature (22 °C) or thermoneutrality (30 °C) with/without access to running wheels. The metabolic phenotype was investigated using glucose tolerance tests, indirect calorimetry, and body composition. Molecular muscle adaptations were measured using immunoblotting, qPCR, and spectrophotometric/fluorescent assays. RESULTS Obese female mice housed at 22 °C showed lower adiposity, lower circulating insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and elevated basal metabolic rate compared to 30 °C housing. Mice exposed to voluntary wheel running exhibited a larger fat loss and higher metabolic rate at 22 °C housing compared to thermoneutrality. In obese female mice, glucose tolerance improved after ET independent of housing temperature. Independent of diet and training, 22 °C housing increased skeletal muscle sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity. Additionally, housing at 22 °C elevated the induction of training-responsive muscle proteins in obese mice. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that housing temperature significantly influences adiposity, insulin sensitivity, muscle physiology, and exercise adaptations in diet-induced obese female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen H Raun
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jessica L Braun
- Muscle Plasticity in Health and Disease, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, L2A 3A1, Canada
| | - Iuliia Karavaeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguín
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
| | - Mona S Ali
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Muscle Plasticity in Health and Disease, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, L2A 3A1, Canada
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Kesić M, Baković P, Farkaš V, Bagarić R, Kolarić D, Štefulj J, Čičin-Šain L. Constitutive Serotonin Tone as a Modulator of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis: A Rat Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1436. [PMID: 37511811 PMCID: PMC10381595 DOI: 10.3390/life13071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an important regulator of thermogenic and metabolic processes, is considered a promising target to combat metabolic disorders. The neurotransmitter and hormone serotonin (5HT) is a major modulator of energy homeostasis, with its central and peripheral pools acting in opposing ways. To better understand how individual variations in 5HT homeostasis influence the thermogenic functionality of BAT, we used a rat model consisting of two sublines with constitutively increased (high-5HT) or decreased (low-5HT) whole-body 5HT tone, developed by selective breeding for platelet 5HT parameters. We have shown that animals with constitutively low 5HT activity maintained at a standard housing temperature (22 °C) have greater interscapular BAT (iBAT) mass and higher iBAT metabolic activity (as evidenced by measurements of iBAT temperature and glucose uptake), accompanied by increased iBAT mRNA expression of key thermogenic genes, compared to animals with high 5HT tone. In response to further thermogenic challenges-intermittent cold exposure or treatment with a β3-adrenergic agonist-5HT sublines show several functional and molecular differences linking constitutively low endogenous 5HT tone to higher BAT activity/capacity. Overall, the results support a role of 5-HT in the control of BAT thermogenesis They also suggest that individuals with lower 5HT activity may be more sensitive to β3-adrenergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kesić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Baković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Department of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Bagarić
- Department of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Kolarić
- Centre for Informatics and Computing, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lipa Čičin-Šain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Ruan T, Fu CY, Lin CH, Chou KC, Lin YJ. Nanocontroller-mediated dissolving hydrogel that can sustainably release cold-mimetic menthol to induce adipocyte browning for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122120. [PMID: 37058899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leads to the development of many metabolic diseases, causing severe health problems. Menthol can induce adipocyte browning and thus has been used to combat obesity. To deliver menthol with a sustained effect, an injectable hydrogel that comprises carboxymethyl chitosan and aldehyde-functionalized alginate that are crosslinked through dynamic Schiff-base linkages is developed to load menthol-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (IC). To render the as-developed hydrogel soluble after its payload is released, amino acid-loaded liposomes, functioning as nanocontrollers, are covalently grafted onto networks of the hydrogel. Upon subcutaneous injection in mice with diet-induced obesity, the as-developed hydrogel absorbs body fluids and spontaneously swells, expanding and stretching its networks, gradually releasing the loaded IC. Menthol then disassociates from the released IC to induce adipocyte browning, triggering fat consumption and increasing energy expenditure. Meanwhile, the expanded hydrogel networks destabilize the grafted liposomes, which function as built-in nanocontrollers, unleashing their loaded amino acid molecules to disrupt the dynamic Schiff-base linkages, causing hydrogel to dissolve. The thus-developed nanocontroller-mediated dissolving hydrogel realizes the sustained release of menthol for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders without leaving exogenous hydrogel materials inside the body, and thereby preventing any undesired adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Fu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chi Chou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Desai M, Torsoni AS, Torsoni MA, Eisaghalian A, Ferrini M, Ross MG. Thermoneutrality effects on developmental programming of obesity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:223-230. [PMID: 36097652 PMCID: PMC9998331 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Developmental programming studies using mouse models have housed the animals at human thermoneutral temperatures (22°C) which imposes constant cold stress. As this impacts energy homeostasis, we investigated the effects of two housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) on obesity development in male and female offspring of Control and FR dams. Pregnant mice were housed at 22°C (cold-exposed, CE) or 30°C (thermoneutrality, TN) room temperature. At gestational age e10, mice were fed either an ad libitum diet (Control) or were 30% food-restricted (FR) to produce low birth weight newborns. Following delivery, all dams were fed an ad libitum diet and maternal mice continued to nurse their own pups. At 3 weeks of age, offspring were weaned to an ad libitum diet and housed at similar temperatures as their mothers. Body weights and food intake were monitored. At 6 months of age, body composition and glucose tolerance test were determined, after which, brain and adipose tissue were collected for analysis. FR/CE and FR/TN offspring exhibited hyperphagia and were significantly heavier with increased adiposity as compared to their respective Controls. There was sex-specific effects of temperature in both groups. Male offspring at TN were heavier with increased body fat, though the food intake was decreased as compared to CE males. This was reflected by hypertrophic adipocytes and increased arcuate nucleus satiety/appetite ratio. In contrast, female offspring were not impacted by housing temperature. Thus, unlike female offspring, there was a significant interaction of diet and temperature evident in the male offspring with accentuated adverse effects evident in FR/TN males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adrianna S. Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), Faculty of Applied Sciences (FCA) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira/SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), Faculty of Applied Sciences (FCA) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Ferrini
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
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Ginting RP, Lee JM, Lee MW. The Influence of Ambient Temperature on Adipose Tissue Homeostasis, Metabolic Diseases and Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060881. [PMID: 36980222 PMCID: PMC10047443 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a recognized energy storage organ during excessive energy intake and an endocrine and thermoregulator, which interacts with other tissues to regulate systemic metabolism. Adipose tissue dysfunction is observed in most obese mouse models and humans. However, most studies using mouse models were conducted at room temperature (RT), where mice were chronically exposed to mild cold. In this condition, energy use is prioritized for thermogenesis to maintain body temperature in mice. It also leads to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, followed by the activation of β-adrenergic signaling. As humans live primarily in their thermoneutral (TN) zone, RT housing for mice limits the interpretation of disease studies from mouse models to humans. Therefore, housing mice in their TN zone (~28–30 °C) can be considered to mimic humans physiologically. However, factors such as temperature ranges and TN pre-acclimatization periods should be examined to obtain reliable results. In this review, we discuss how adipose tissue responds to housing temperature and the outcomes of the TN zone in metabolic disease studies. This review highlights the critical role of TN housing in mouse models for studying adipose tissue function and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehna Paula Ginting
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-413-5029
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Lac M, Tavernier G, Moro C. Does housing temperature influence glucose regulation and muscle-fat crosstalk in mice? Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00028-7. [PMID: 36758717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of scientific results is partly based on their reproducibility. Working with animal models, particularly in the field of metabolism, requires to avoid any source of stress to rule out a maximum of bias. Housing at room temperature is sufficient to induce thermal stress activating key thermogenic organs such as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. BAT covers most of the non-shivering thermogenesis in mice and burns a variety of fuels such as glucose and lipids. A high prevalence of BAT is associated with a strong protection against type 2 diabetes risk in humans, implying that BAT plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. However, thermal stress is poorly and inconsistently considered in experimental research. This thermal stress can significantly impede interpretation of phenotypes by favoring compensatory signaling pathways. Indeed, various studies revealed that thermoneutrality is essential to study metabolism in mice in order to reach a suitable level of "humanization". In this review, we briefly discuss if and how ambient temperature influence blood glucose homeostasis through BAT and muscle-fat crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Lac
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
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Tognolli K, Silva V, Sousa-Filho CPB, Cardoso CAL, Gorjão R, Otton R. Green tea beneficial effects involve changes in the profile of immune cells in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:321-336. [PMID: 35994086 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During obesity, the adipose tissue is usually infiltrated by immune cells which are related to hallmarks of obesity such as systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Green tea (GT) has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory actions, including the modulation in the proliferation and activity of immune cells, in addition to preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. METHODS The aim of the present study was to analyze the population of immune cells present in the subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice kept at thermoneutrality (TN) and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, supplemented or not with GT extract (500 mg/kg/12 weeks). RESULTS The HFD in association with TN has induced chronic inflammation, and IR in parallel with changes in the profile of immune cells in the subcutaneous and epidydimal WAT, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines release, inflammatory cells infiltration, and fibrotic aspects in WAT. On the other hand, GT prevented body weight gain, in addition to avoiding IR and inflammation, and the consequent tissue fibrosis, maintaining a lower concentration of cytokines and a profile of immune cells similar to the control mice, preventing the harmful modulations induced by both HFD and TN. CONCLUSIONS GT beneficial effects in WAT abrogated the deleterious effects triggered by HFD and TN, maintaining all immune cells and fibrotic markers at the same level as in lean mice. These results place WAT immune cells population as a potential target of GT action, also highlighting the positive effects of GT in obese mice housed at TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaue Tognolli
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Victoria Silva
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Celso Pereira Batista Sousa-Filho
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil.
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Furuuchi R, Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Katsuumi G, Suda M, Kubota Y, Walsh K, Minamino T. Endothelial SIRT-1 has a critical role in the maintenance of capillarization in brown adipose tissue. iScience 2022; 25:105424. [PMID: 36388988 PMCID: PMC9641227 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has critical roles in thermogenesis and systemic metabolism. Capillary rarefaction was reported to develop in BAT with dietary obesity, and previous studies showed that suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) reduced capillary density in BAT, promoting the functional decline of this organ. Capillarization is regulated through the balance between angiogenesis and vasculogenesis on the one hand and apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) on the other; however, the role of EC apoptosis in BAT remained to be explored. In studies testing the role of boysenberry polyphenols (BoyP) in BAT, we found that BoyP decreased EC apoptosis, enhanced capillarization in BAT, and ameliorated dietary BAT dysfunction, which was associated with the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) in ECs. Our studies suggest that EC SIRT-1 would be one of the potential targets of BoyP that contributes to BAT capillarization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Furuuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan,Bourbon Corporation, Niigata 945-8611, Japan,Department of Advanced Senotherapeutics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan,Corresponding author
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan,Department of Advanced Senotherapeutics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan,Corresponding author
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Cold Exposure Drives Weight Gain and Adiposity following Chronic Suppression of Brown Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031869. [PMID: 35163791 PMCID: PMC8836787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic activation of thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be feasible to prevent, or treat, cardiometabolic disease. However, rodents are commonly housed below thermoneutrality (~20 °C) which can modulate their metabolism and physiology including the hyperactivation of brown (BAT) and beige white adipose tissue. We housed animals at thermoneutrality from weaning to chronically supress BAT, mimic human physiology and explore the efficacy of chronic, mild cold exposure (20 °C) and β3-adrenoreceptor agonism (YM-178) under these conditions. Using metabolic phenotyping and exploratory proteomics we show that transfer from 28 °C to 20 °C drives weight gain and a 125% increase in subcutaneous fat mass, an effect not seen with YM-178 administration, thus suggesting a direct effect of a cool ambient temperature in promoting weight gain and further adiposity in obese rats. Following chronic suppression of BAT, uncoupling protein 1 mRNA was undetectable in the subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) in all groups. Using exploratory adipose tissue proteomics, we reveal novel gene ontology terms associated with cold-induced weight gain in BAT and IWAT whilst Reactome pathway analysis highlights the regulation of mitotic (i.e., G2/M transition) and metabolism of amino acids and derivatives pathways. Conversely, YM-178 had minimal metabolic-related effects but modified pathways involved in proteolysis (i.e., eukaryotic translation initiation) and RNA surveillance across both tissues. Taken together these findings are indicative of a novel mechanism whereby animals increase body weight and fat mass following chronic suppression of adaptive thermogenesis from weaning. In addition, treatment with a B3-adrenoreceptor agonist did not improve metabolic health in obese animals raised at thermoneutrality.
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Wang J, Bäcker T, Krueger M, Zamani S, Rosowski S, Gruber T, Onogi Y, Feuchtinger A, Schulz TJ, Fässler R, Müller TD, García-Cáceres C, Meier M, Blüher M, Ussar S. Active integrins regulate white adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and brown fat thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101147. [PMID: 33359386 PMCID: PMC7808956 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Reorganization of the extracellular matrix is a prerequisite for healthy adipose tissue expansion, whereas fibrosis is a key feature of adipose dysfunction and inflammation. However, very little is known about the direct effects of impaired cell–matrix interaction in adipocyte function and insulin sensitivity. The objective of this study was to determine whether integrin activity can regulate insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and thereby systemic metabolism. Methods We characterized integrin activity in adipose tissue and its consequences on whole-body metabolism using adipose-selective deletion of β1 integrin (Itgb1adipo-cre) and Kindlin-2 (Kind2adipo-cre) in mice. Results We demonstrate that integrin signaling regulates white adipocyte insulin action and systemic metabolism. Consequently, loss of adipose integrin activity, similar to loss of adipose insulin receptors, results in a lipodystrophy-like phenotype and systemic insulin resistance. However, brown adipose tissue of Kind2adipo-cre and Itgb1adipo-cre mice is chronically hyperactivated and has increased substrate delivery, reduced endothelial basement membrane thickness, and increased endothelial vesicular transport. Conclusions Thus, we establish integrin-extracellular matrix interactions as key regulators of white and brown adipose tissue function and whole-body metabolism. β1 and β3 integrins interact with insulin signaling to regulate white adipocyte insulin sensitivity and systemic metabolism. Impaired integrin activity results in lipodystrophy in the absence of hepatosteatosis. β1 integrin activity regulates energy expenditure and vascular permeability in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiefu Wang
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Bäcker
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samira Zamani
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Rosowski
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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12
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Vialard F, Olivier M. Thermoneutrality and Immunity: How Does Cold Stress Affect Disease? Front Immunol 2020; 11:588387. [PMID: 33329571 PMCID: PMC7714907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges the scientific community faces today is the lack of translational data generated from mouse trials for human health application. Housing temperature-dependent chronic cold stress in laboratory rodents is one of the key factors contributing to lack of translatability because it reveals major metabolic differences between humans and rodents. While humans tend to operate at temperatures within their thermoneutral zone, most laboratory rodents are housed at temperatures below this zone and have an increased energy demand to generate heat. This has an impact on the immune system of mice and thus affects results obtained using murine models of human diseases. A limited number of studies and reviews have shown that results obtained on mice housed at thermoneutrality were different from those obtained from mice housed in traditional housing conditions. Most of those studies, focused on obesity and cancer, found that housing mice at thermoneutrality changed the outcomes of the diseases negatively and positively, respectively. In this review, we describe how thermoneutrality impacts the immune system of rodents generally and in the context of different disease models. We show that thermoneutrality exacerbates cardiovascular and auto-immune diseases; alleviates asthma and Alzheimer’s disease; and, changes gut microbiome populations. We also show that thermoneutrality can have exacerbating or alleviating effects on the outcome of infectious diseases. Thus, we join the call of others in this field to urge researchers to refine murine models of disease and increase their translational capacity by considering housing at thermoneutrality for trials involving rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Vialard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Human beige adipocytes for drug discovery and cell therapy in metabolic diseases. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2758. [PMID: 32488069 PMCID: PMC7265435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beige adipocytes (BAs) have potential utility for the development of therapeutics to treat diabetes and obesity-associated diseases. Although several reports have described the generation of beige adipocytes in vitro, their potential utility in cell therapy and drug discovery has not been reported. Here, we describe the generation of BAs from human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) in serum-free medium with efficiencies >90%. Molecular profiling of beige adipocytes shows them to be similar to primary BAs isolated from human tissue. In vitro, beige adipocytes exhibit uncoupled mitochondrial respiration and cAMP-induced lipolytic activity. Following transplantation, BAs increase whole-body energy expenditure and oxygen consumption, while reducing body-weight in recipient mice. Finally, we show the therapeutic utility of BAs in a platform for high-throughput drug screening (HTS). These findings demonstrate the potential utility of BAs as a cell therapeutic and as a tool for the identification of drugs to treat metabolic diseases. Methods to generate beige adipocytes from a human cell source are inefficient. Here, the authors present a protocol that efficiently generates beige adipocytes from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which have potential utility in therapeutic development relating to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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14
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Škop V, Guo J, Liu N, Xiao C, Hall KD, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Mouse Thermoregulation: Introducing the Concept of the Thermoneutral Point. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107501. [PMID: 32294435 PMCID: PMC7243168 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse thermal physiology differ due to dissimilar body sizes. Unexpectedly, in mice we found no ambient temperature zone where both metabolic rate and body temperature were constant. Body temperature began increasing once cold-induced thermogenesis was no longer required. This result reproduced in male, female, C57BL/6J, 129, chow-fed, diet-induced obese, and ob/ob mice as well as Trpv1-/-;Trpm8-/-;Trpa1-/- mice lacking thermal sensory channels. During the resting-light phase, the energy expenditure minimum spanned ∼4°C of ambient temperature, whereas in the active-dark phase it approximated a point. We propose the concept of a thermoneutral point (TNP), a discrete ambient temperature below which energy expenditure increases and above which body temperature increases. Humans do not have a TNP. As studied, the mouse TNP is ∼29°C in light phase and ∼33°C in dark phase. These observations inform how thermoneutrality is defined and how mice are used to model human energy physiology and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juen Guo
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Housing temperature influences exercise training adaptations in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1560. [PMID: 32214091 PMCID: PMC7096511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is a powerful means to combat metabolic diseases. Mice are extensively used to investigate the benefits of exercise, but mild cold stress induced by ambient housing temperatures may confound translation to humans. Thermoneutral housing is a strategy to make mice more metabolically similar to humans but its effects on exercise adaptations are unknown. Here we show that thermoneutral housing blunts exercise-induced improvements in insulin action in muscle and adipose tissue and reduces the effects of training on energy expenditure, body composition, and muscle and adipose tissue protein expressions. Thus, many reported effects of exercise training in mice are likely secondary to metabolic stress of ambient housing temperature, making it challenging to translate to humans. We conclude that adaptations to exercise training in mice critically depend upon housing temperature. Our findings underscore housing temperature as a critical parameter in the design and interpretation of murine exercise training studies. Exercise has been shown to be an effective approach to ameliorate metabolic disease in mice housed at ambient temperatures, a condition of mild cold stress to mice. Here the authors show that molecular and metabolic adaptations to exercise are blunted when mice are housed in thermoneutral conditions.
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16
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Turner RT, Philbrick KA, Wong CP, Gamboa AR, Branscum AJ, Iwaniec UT. Effects of Propranolol on Bone, White Adipose Tissue, and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Mice Housed at Room Temperature or Thermoneutral Temperature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:117. [PMID: 32256446 PMCID: PMC7089918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing female mice housed at room temperature (22°C) weigh the same but differ in body composition compared to mice housed at thermoneutrality (32°C). Specifically, mice housed at room temperature have lower levels of white adipose tissue (WAT). Additionally, bone marrow adipose tissue (bMAT) and cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis are lower in room temperature-housed mice. The metabolic changes induced by sub-thermoneutral housing are associated with lower leptin levels in serum and higher levels of Ucp1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue. Although the precise mechanisms mediating adaptation to sub-thermoneutral temperature stress remain to be elucidated, there is evidence that increased sympathetic nervous system activity acting via β-adrenergic receptors plays an important role. We therefore evaluated the effect of the non-specific β-blocker propranolol (primarily β1 and β2 antagonist) on body composition, femur microarchitecture, and bMAT in growing female C57BL/6 mice housed at either room temperature or thermoneutral temperature. As anticipated, cancellous bone volume fraction, WAT and bMAT were lower in mice housed at room temperature. Propranolol had small but significant effects on bone microarchitecture (increased trabecular number and decreased trabecular spacing), but did not attenuate premature bone loss induced by room temperature housing. In contrast, propranolol treatment prevented housing temperature-associated differences in WAT and bMAT. To gain additional insight, we evaluated a panel of genes in tibia, using an adipogenesis PCR array. Housing temperature and treatment with propranolol had exclusive as well as shared effects on gene expression. Of particular interest was the finding that room temperature housing reduced, whereas propranolol increased, expression of the gene for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acacb), the rate-limiting step for fatty acid synthesis and a key regulator of β-oxidation. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that increased activation of β1 and/or β2 receptors contributes to reduced bMAT by regulating adipocyte metabolism, but that this pathway is unlikely to be responsible for premature cancellous bone loss in room temperature-housed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Philbrick
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amanda R. Gamboa
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Adam J. Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Urszula T. Iwaniec
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Martin SA, Philbrick KA, Wong CP, Olson DA, Branscum AJ, Jump DB, Marik CK, DenHerder JM, Sargent JL, Turner RT, Iwaniec UT. Thermoneutral housing attenuates premature cancellous bone loss in male C57BL/6J mice. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1455-1467. [PMID: 31590144 PMCID: PMC6865368 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mice are a commonly used model to investigate aging-related bone loss but, in contrast to humans, mice exhibit cancellous bone loss prior to skeletal maturity. The mechanisms mediating premature bone loss are not well established. However, our previous work in female mice suggests housing temperature is a critical factor. Premature cancellous bone loss was prevented in female C57BL/6J mice by housing the animals at thermoneutral temperature (where basal rate of energy production is at equilibrium with heat loss). In the present study, we determined if the protective effects of thermoneutral housing extend to males. Male C57BL/6J mice were housed at standard room temperature (22°C) or thermoneutral (32°C) conditions from 5 (rapidly growing) to 16 (slowly growing) weeks of age. Mice housed at room temperature exhibited reductions in cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and fifth lumbar vertebra; these effects were abolished at thermoneutral conditions. Mice housed at thermoneutral temperature had higher levels of bone formation in distal femur (based on histomorphometry) and globally (serum osteocalcin), and lower global levels of bone resorption (serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) compared to mice housed at room temperature. Thermoneutral housing had no impact on bone marrow adiposity but resulted in higher abdominal white adipose tissue and serum leptin. The overall magnitude of room temperature housing-induced cancellous bone loss did not differ between male (current study) and female (published data) mice. These findings highlight housing temperature as a critical experimental variable in studies using mice of either sex to investigate aging-related changes in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Martin
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kenneth A Philbrick
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Dawn A Olson
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles K Marik
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jonathan M DenHerder
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer L Sargent
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to U T Iwaniec:
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18
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Dedual MA, Wueest S, Borsigova M, Konrad D. Intermittent fasting improves metabolic flexibility in short-term high-fat diet-fed mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E773-E782. [PMID: 31503513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00187.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Four days of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding are sufficient to induce glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice. While prolonged HFD-induced metabolic complications are partly mediated by increased food intake during the light (inactive) phase, such a link has not yet been established in short-term HFD-fed mice. Herein, we hypothesized that a short bout of HFD desynchronizes feeding behavior, thereby contributing to glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. To this end, 12-wk-old C57BL/6J littermates were fed a HFD for 4 days either ad libitum or intermittently. Intermittent-fed mice were fasted for 8 h during their inactive phase. Initiation of HFD led to an immediate increase in food intake already during the first light phase. Moreover, glucose tolerance was significantly impaired in ad libitum- but not in intermittent HFD-fed mice, indicating that desynchronized feeding behavior contributes to short-term HFD-induced glucose intolerance. Of note, overall food intake was similar between the groups, as was body weight. However, intermittent HFD-fed mice revealed higher fat depot weights. Phosphorylation of hormone sensitivity lipase and free fatty acid release from isolated adipocytes were significantly elevated, suggesting increased lipolysis in intermittent HFD-fed mice. Moreover, hepatic mRNA expression of lipogenetic enzymes and liver triglyceride levels were significantly increased in intermittent HFD-fed mice. Importantly, food deprivation decreased respiratory exchange ratio promptly in intermittent- but not in ad libitum HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, retaining a normal feeding pattern prevented HFD-induced impairment of metabolic flexibility in short-term HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Dedual
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Borsigova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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