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Correa BHM, Becari L, Peliky Fontes MA, Simões-e-Silva AC, Kangussu LM. Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1212-1228. [PMID: 34554902 PMCID: PMC9886820 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210719142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown important roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that nonclassical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT2 and AT4, can also be involved in stress. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In general, activation of the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available since they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo H. M. Correa
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Luca Becari
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics - Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Tel: (+55-31) 3409-2772; E-mail:
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Burke SL, Barzel B, Jackson KL, Gueguen C, Young MJ, Head GA. Role of Mineralocorticoid and Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors in the Paraventricular Nucleus in Angiotensin-Induced Hypertension. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640373. [PMID: 33762970 PMCID: PMC7982587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important site where an interaction between circulating angiotensin (Ang) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activity may modify sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to influence long-term elevation of blood pressure. We examined in conscious Ang II-treated rabbits, the effects on blood pressure and tonic and reflex renal SNA (RSNA) of microinjecting into the PVN either RU28318 to block MR, losartan to block Ang (AT1) receptors or muscimol to inhibit GABAA receptor agonist actions. Male rabbits received a moderate dose of Ang II (24 ng/kg/min subcutaneously) for 3 months (n = 13) or sham treatment (n = 13). At 3 months, blood pressure increased by +19% in the Ang II group compared to 10% in the sham (P = 0.022) but RSNA was similar. RU28318 lowered blood pressure in both Ang II and shams but had a greater effect on RSNA and heart rate in the Ang II-treated group (P < 0.05). Losartan also lowered RSNA, while muscimol produced sympatho-excitation in both groups. In Ang II-treated rabbits, RU28318 attenuated the blood pressure increase following chemoreceptor stimulation but did not affect responses to air jet stress. In contrast losartan and muscimol reduced blood pressure and RSNA responses to both hypoxia and air jet. While neither RU28318 nor losartan changed the RSNA baroreflex, RU28318 augmented the range of the heart rate baroreflex by 10% in Ang II-treated rabbits. Muscimol, however, augmented the RSNA baroreflex by 11% in sham animals and none of the treatments altered baroreflex sensitivity. In conclusion, 3 months of moderate Ang II treatment promotes activation of reflex RSNA principally via MR activation in the PVN, rather than via activation of AT1 receptors. However, the onset of hypertension is independent of both. Interestingly, the sympatho-excitatory effects of muscimol in both groups suggest that overall, the PVN regulates a tonic sympatho-inhibitory influence on blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Burke
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Barzel
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy Gueguen
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Shkreli L, Woud ML, Ramsbottom R, Rupietta AE, Waldhauser GT, Kumsta R, Reinecke A. Angiotensin involvement in trauma processing-exploring candidate neurocognitive mechanisms of preventing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:507-514. [PMID: 31655485 PMCID: PMC6969172 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin-II antagonist losartan is a promising candidate that has enhanced extinction in a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) animal model and was related to reducing PTSD symptom development in humans. Here, we investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these results, testing the effect of losartan on data-driven and contextual processing of traumatic material, mechanisms proposed to be relevant for PTSD development. In a double-blind between-subject design, 40 healthy participants were randomised to a single oral dose of losartan (50 mg) or placebo, 1 h before being exposed to distressing films as a trauma analogue while heart rate (HR) was measured. Peritraumatic processing was investigated using blurry picture stimuli from the films, which transformed into clear images. Data-driven processing was measured by the level of blurriness at which contents were recognised. Contextual processing was measured as the amount of context information retrieved when describing the pictures' contents. Negative-matched control images were used to test perceptual processing of peripheral trauma-cues. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed via self-report questionnaires after analogue trauma and an intrusion diary completed over 4 days following the experiment. Compared to placebo, losartan facilitated contextual processing and enhanced detail perception in the negative-match pictures. During the films, the losartan group recorded lower HR and higher HR variability, reflecting lower autonomic stress responses. We discuss potential mechanisms of losartan in preventing PTSD symptomatology, including the role of reduced arousal and increased contextual processing during trauma exposure, as well as increased threat-safety differentiation when encountering peripheral trauma-cues in the aftermaths of traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorika Shkreli
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX UK
| | - Marcella Lydia Woud
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Roger Ramsbottom
- 0000 0001 0726 8331grid.7628.bFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Aleksandra Ewa Rupietta
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany ,0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Neuropsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerd Thomas Waldhauser
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Neuropsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Kumsta
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Genetic Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX, UK.
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Lakstygal AM, de Abreu MS, Lifanov DA, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Serikuly N, Alpsyshov ET, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Demin KA, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Alekseeva P, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models of diabetes-related CNS pathogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:48-58. [PMID: 30476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder that affects multiple organ systems. DM also affects brain processes, contributing to various CNS disorders, including depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. Despite active research in humans, rodent models and in-vitro systems, the pathogenetic link between DM and brain disorders remains poorly understood. Novel translational models and new model organisms are therefore essential to more fully study the impact of DM on CNS. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful novel model species to study metabolic and CNS disorders. Here, we discuss how DM alters brain functions and behavior in zebrafish, and summarize their translational relevance to studying DM-related CNS pathogenesis in humans. We recognize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational DM research, as they continue to improve our understanding of different brain pathologies associated with DM, and may foster the discovery of drugs that prevent or treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Lifanov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai Song
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA.
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Huang SC, Li TL, Lee YH, Dai YWE, Chen YC, Hwang LL. Role of the orexin 2 receptor in palatable-food consumption-associated cardiovascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12703. [PMID: 30140065 PMCID: PMC6107633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive subjects often exhibit exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity. An overactive orexin system underlies the pathophysiology of hypertension. We examined orexin's roles in eating-associated cardiovascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Results showed eating regular chow or palatable food (sucrose agar) was accompanied by elevated arterial pressure and heart rate. In both SHRs and WKY rats, the cardiovascular responses associated with sucrose-agar consumption were greater than that with regular-chow consumption. Additionally, SHRs exhibited greater cardiovascular responses than WKY rats did to regular-chow and palatable food consumption. Central orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) blockade attenuated sucrose-agar consumption-associated cardiovascular response only in SHRs. In both SHRs and WKY rats, OX2R blockade did not affect regular-chow consumption-associated cardiovascular responses. Greater numbers of c-Fos-positive cells in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and of c-Fos-positive orexin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) were detected in sucrose agar-treated SHRs, compared to regular chow-treated SHRs and to sucrose agar-treated WKY rats. Central OX2R blockade reduced the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the RVLM only in sucrose agar-treated SHRs. We concluded that in SHRs, orexin neurons in the DMH might be overactive during eating palatable food and may further elicit exaggerated cardiovascular responses via an OX2R-RVLM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Cheng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsien Lee
- Cheng-Jian Biomedical Company Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen E Dai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tazumi S, Yokota N, Kawakami M, Omoto S, Takamata A, Morimoto K. Effects of estrogen replacement on stress-induced cardiovascular responses via renin-angiotensin system in ovariectomized rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R898-R905. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00415.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic estrogen replacement in ovariectomized rats inhibits the pressor response to psychological stress by attenuating the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Female Wistar rats aged 9 wk were ovariectomized. After 4 wk, the rats were randomly assigned to be implanted subcutaneously with pellets containing either 17β-estradiol (E2) or placebo (Pla). After 4 wk of treatment, the rats underwent cage-switch stress and, in a separate experiment, a subset received an infusion of angiotensin II. The cage-switch stress rapidly elevated blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) as measured by radiotelemetry in both groups. However, the BP and HR responses to the stress were significantly attenuated in the E2 group compared with the Pla group. An angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, losartan, given in drinking water, abolished the difference in the pressor response to stress between the two groups. Moreover, the stress-induced elevation in plasma renin activity and angiotensin II concentration was significant in the Pla group, but not in the E2 group. In addition, the expression of renin mRNA in the kidney was lower in the E2 group relative to the Pla group. Finally, we found that intravenous angiotensin II infusion increased BP and decreased HR to a similar degree in both groups. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of estrogen on psychological stress-induced activation of the renin-angiotensin system could be at least partially responsible for the suppression of the pressor responses to psychological stress seen in estrogen-replaced ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tazumi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Naoko Yokota
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kawakami
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Sayo Omoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Akira Takamata
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
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Lim K, Burke SL, Moretti JL, Head GA. Differential activation of renal sympathetic burst amplitude and frequency during hypoxia, stress and baroreflexes with chronic angiotensin treatment. Exp Physiol 2016; 100:1132-44. [PMID: 26442604 DOI: 10.1113/ep085312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is the elevated tonic renal nerve activity induced by chronic angiotensin administration mediated by recruitment or increased firing frequency and does this occur via stress, chemoreflex or baroreflex pathways? What is the main finding and its importance? Long-term angiotensin treatment in rabbits elevates renal sympathetic nerve activity by recruitment of previously silent fibres. This was similar to the effect of chemoreflex stimulation, but not to stress or baroreceptor activation, suggesting that presympathetic pathways activated by angiotensin may be common to those activated by chemoreceptors. Modulation of sympathetic nerve activity involves control by the CNS of the amplitude of neural discharges, reflecting recruitment of neurons and their firing frequency. We tested whether elevated tonic renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) induced by chronic angiotensin administration is mediated by recruitment or increased firing frequency and whether this is characteristic of the pattern observed with activation of stress, chemoreflex or baroreflex pathways. Conscious rabbits treated with angiotensin II for 12 weeks to increase blood pressure by 10-30% were subjected to stress (air jet), hypoxia (10% O2 + 3% CO2) and drug-induced changes in blood pressure to produce baroreflexes. Total RSNA and RSNA burst amplitude were scaled to 100 normalized units (n.u.) by the maximal response to smoke. After 12 weeks of treatment, blood pressure was 17% higher than baseline 68 ± 1 mmHg (P = 0.02). Compared with sham treatment, total RSNA and burst amplitude were +82% (P < 0.001) and 39% (P = 0.04) greater, but burst frequency was similar. Total RSNA increased during hypoxia (+38% from 4.9 ± 0.7 n.u.), owing to greater amplitude, but not frequency. Air-jet stress increased total RSNA (+44% from 4.3 ± 0.5 n.u.) and burst frequency (+21% from 5.4 ± 0.7 bursts s(-1) ), but not amplitude. Angiotensin enhanced total RSNA responses to both air jet (+33%) and hypoxia (+58%), but only increased the amplitude response to air jet. The RSNA baroreflexes reset to the higher blood pressure, but amplitude or frequency was not differentially altered. Chronic angiotensin treatment elevated RSNA by recruitment of neurons, which is similar to chemoreflex stimulation, but not to stress or baroreceptor activation, suggesting that presympathetic pathways activated by angiotensin may be common to those activated by chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjoon Lim
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra L Burke
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John-Luis Moretti
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Jeong ES, Kim G, Moon KS, Kim YB, Oh JH, Kim HS, Jeong J, Shin JG, Kim DH. Characterization of urinary metabolites as biomarkers of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Toxicol Lett 2016; 248:52-60. [PMID: 26947560 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic that effectively treats infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but its clinical use is limited due to nephrotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to identify biomarkers of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and to further characterize the mechanisms underlying this process by analyzing urinary metabolites using untargeted metabolomic approach. Rats receiving intraperitoneal administration of colistin sodium methanesulfonate (CMS) (25 or 50mg/kg) exhibited histopathological changes in the kidney and increased blood urea nitrogen levels. Additionally, the levels of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine in the urine of the CMS-treated group were significantly higher than those of the control group, suggesting that colistin caused proximal tubular damage. Urinary acetylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine levels also increased after CMS treatment, but the levels of purine metabolites and metabolites related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle were reduced. The most significant increase in the CMS-treated groups was observed in creatine levels. CMS-induced selective nephrotoxicity may be attributed to relatively high tissue concentrations of colistin in the kidney. Taken together, our results indicate that high levels of colistin in the kidney caused perturbations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, creatine metabolism, and purine metabolism and ultimately led to kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Gabin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine whether exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS) affects expression of angiotensin II Type 1a receptor (AT1aR) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the brain and kidney. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an unchallenged control group, which remained at rest, and an experimental group, exposed to CMS produced by a series of unexpected, disturbing stimuli applied at random over a period of 4 weeks. After sacrificing the animals, samples of the septal/accumbal and hypothalamic/thalamic diencephalon, brain medulla, cerebellum, and the renal medulla were harvested for determination of AT1aR mRNA. RESULTS Expression of AT1a receptor mRNA was significantly greater in the rats in the CMS condition than in the controls (septal/accumbal diencephalon: 1.689 [0.205] versus 0.027 [0.004], hypothalamic/thalamic diencephalon: 1.239 [0.101] versus 0.003 [0.001], brain medulla: 2.694 [0.295] versus 0.028 [0.003], cerebellum: 0.013 [0.002] versus 0.005 [0.001; p < .001 for all comparisons], and renal medulla: 409.92 [46.92] versus 208.06 [30.56; p < .01]). There was a significant positive correlation between AT1a mRNA expression in the septal/accumbal diencephalon and brain medulla (p < .025). CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that CMS significantly enhances expression of the AT1aR gene in the brain and kidney and indicate that changes in expression of AT1aR mRNA in different brain regions during CMS may be causally related. It is suggested that the up-regulation of AT1a receptors by chronic stress may potentiate negative effects of angiotensin II in pathologies associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
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Head GA, Lim K, Barzel B, Burke SL, Davern PJ. Central nervous system dysfunction in obesity-induced hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 16:466. [PMID: 25090962 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a major mechanism underlying both human and experimental models of obesity-related hypertension. While insulin and the adipokine leptin have long been thought to contribute to obesity-related neurogenic mechanisms, the evidence is now very strong that they play a major role, shown particularly in animal studies using selective receptor antagonists. There is not just maintenance of leptin's sympatho-excitatory actions as previously suggested but considerable amplification particularly in renal sympathetic nervous activity. Importantly, these changes are not dependent on short-term elevation or reduction in plasma leptin or insulin, but require some weeks to develop indicating a slow "neural adaptivity" within hypothalamic signalling. These effects can be carried across generations even when offspring are raised on a normal diet. A better understanding of the underlying mechanism should be a high research priority given the prevalence of obesity not just in the current population but also for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia,
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11
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Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition reduces cardiovascular responses to acute stress in myocardially infarcted and chronically stressed rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:385082. [PMID: 25045668 PMCID: PMC4087298 DOI: 10.1155/2014/385082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that chronically stressed and myocardially infarcted rats respond with exaggerated cardiovascular responses to acute stress. The present experiments were designed to elucidate whether this effect can be abolished by treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected either to sham surgery (Groups 1 and 2) or to myocardial infarction (Groups 3 and 4). The rats of Groups 2 and 4 were also exposed to mild chronic stressing. Four weeks after the operation, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were measured under resting conditions and after application of acute stress. The cardiovascular responses to the acute stress were determined again 24 h after administration of captopril orally. Captopril significantly reduced resting MABP in each group. Before administration of captopril, the maximum increases in MABP evoked by the acute stressor in all (infarcted and sham-operated) chronically stressed rats and also in the infarcted nonchronically stressed rats were significantly greater than in the sham-operated rats not exposed to chronic stressing. These differences were abolished by captopril. The results suggest that ACE may improve tolerance of acute stress in heart failure and during chronic stressing.
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12
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Hanna MH, Segar JL, Teesch LM, Kasper DC, Schaefer FS, Brophy PD. Urinary metabolomic markers of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in newborn rats. Pediatr Res 2013; 73:585-91. [PMID: 23411940 PMCID: PMC3640567 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminoglycoside exposure is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Delay in the diagnosis of AKI using conventional biomarkers has been one of the important obstacles in applying early effective interventions. We tested the hypothesis that urinary metabolomics could identify novel early biomarkers for toxic renal injury. METHODS Three-day-old rats were divided into three groups; they received a single daily injection of vehicle (0.9% NaCl solution) or gentamicin at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg/d for 7 d. Urine and blood were collected after 3 and 7 d of injections. Urinary metabolites were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS A distinct urinary metabolic profile characterized by glucosuria, phosphaturia, and aminoaciduria was identified preceding changes in serum creatinine. At both the gentamicin doses, urinary tryptophan was significantly (P < 0.05) increased (fold change: 1.91 and 2.31 after 3 d; 1.81 and 1.93 after 7 d). Similarly, kynurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease (fold change: 0.26 and 0.24 after 3 d; 0.21 and 0.52 after 7 d), suggesting an interruption of the normal tryptophan metabolism pathway. CONCLUSION We conclude that urinary metabolomic profiling provides a robust approach for identifying early and novel markers of gentamicin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina H Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Lynn M Teesch
- High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David C Kasper
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz S Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Angiotensin type 1A receptors in C1 neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla modulate the pressor response to aversive stress. J Neurosci 2012; 32:2051-61. [PMID: 22323719 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5360-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in blood pressure during an acute aversive stress has been suggested to involve activation of angiotensin type 1A receptors (AT(1A)Rs) at various sites within the brain, including the rostral ventrolateral medulla. In this study we examine the involvement of AT(1A)Rs associated with a subclass of sympathetic premotor neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, the C1 neurons. The distribution of putative AT(1A)R-expressing cells was mapped throughout the brains of three transgenic mice with a bacterial artificial chromosome-expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the AT(1A)R promoter. The overall distribution correlated with that of the AT(1A)Rs mapped by other methods and demonstrated that the majority of C1 neurons express the AT(1A)R. Cre-recombinase expression in C1 neurons of AT(1A)R-floxed mice enabled demonstration that the pressor response to microinjection of angiotensin II into the rostral ventrolateral medulla is dependent upon expression of the AT(1A)R in these neurons. Lentiviral-induced expression of wild-type AT(1A)Rs in C1 neurons of global AT(1A)R knock-out mice, implanted with radiotelemeter devices for recording blood pressure, modulated the pressor response to aversive stress. During prolonged cage-switch stress, expression of AT(1A)Rs in C1 neurons induced a greater sustained pressor response when compared to the control viral-injected group (22 ± 4 mmHg for AT(1A)R vs 10 ± 1 mmHg for GFP; p < 0.001), which was restored toward that of the wild-type group (28 ± 2 mmHg). This study demonstrates that AT(1A)R expression by C1 neurons is essential for the pressor response to angiotensin II and that this pathway plays an important role in the pressor response to aversive stress.
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14
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Zhao YY, Liu J, Cheng XL, Bai X, Lin RC. Urinary metabonomics study on biochemical changes in an experimental model of chronic renal failure by adenine based on UPLC Q-TOF/MS. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:642-9. [PMID: 22227165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a serious clinical symptom, occurring as the end result of all kinds of chronic kidney disease and its pathophysiological mechanism is not yet well understood. We investigated the metabolic profiling of urine samples from CRF model rats to find potential disease biomarkers and research pathology of CRF. METHODS An animal model of CRF was produced by adenine. Metabolic profiling of the urine was performed by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS). Acquired data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for differentiating the CRF and the normal control groups. Potential biomarkers were screened by using S-plot and were identified by the accurate mass, isotopic pattern and MS(E) fragments information obtained from UPLC Q-TOF/MS analysis. RESULTS 12 metabolites in urine were identified as potential biomarkers. Adenine-induced CRF rats were characterized by the increase of phytosphingosine, adrenosterone, tryptophan, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, creatinine, and dihydrosphingosine together with the decrease of N-acetylleucine, 3-O-methyldopa, ethyl-N2-acetyl-L-argininate, dopamine, phenylalanine and kynurenic acid in urine. The altered metabolites demonstrated perturbations of amino acids metabolism, phospholipids metabolism and creatinine metabolism in CRF rats. CONCLUSION This work shows that metabonomics method is a valuable tool in CRF mechanism study and assists in clinical diagnosis of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Mayorov DN. Brain angiotensin AT1 receptors as specific regulators of cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychoemotional stress. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:126-35. [PMID: 21143493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Cardiovascular reactivity, an abrupt rise in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in response to psychoemotional stress, is a risk factor for heart disease. Pharmacological and molecular genetic studies suggest that brain angiotensin (Ang) II and AT(1) receptors are required for the normal expression of sympathetic cardiovascular responses to various psychological stressors. Moreover, overactivity of the brain AngII system may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular reactivity in hypertension. 2. Conversely, brain AT(1) receptors appear to be less important for the regulation of sympathetic cardiovascular responses to a range of stressors involving an immediate physiological threat (physical stressors) in animal models. 3. Apart from threatening events, appetitive stimuli can induce a distinct, central nervous system-mediated rise in BP. However, evidence indicates that brain AT(1) receptors are not essential for the regulation of cardiovascular arousal associated with positively motivated behaviour, such as anticipation and the consumption of palatable food. The role of central AT(1) receptors in regulating cardiovascular activation elicited by other types of appetitive stimuli remains to be determined. 4. Emerging evidence also indicates that brain AT(1) receptors play a limited role in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to non-emotional natural daily activities, sleep and exercise. 5. Collectively, these findings suggest that, with respect to cardiovascular arousal, central AT(1) receptors may be involved primarily in the regulation of the defence response. Therefore, these receptors could be a potential therapeutic target for selective attenuation of BP hyperreactivity to aversive stressors, without altering physiologically important cardiovascular adjustments to normal daily activities, sleep and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry N Mayorov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Davern PJ, Head GA. Role of the medial amygdala in mediating responses to aversive stimuli leading to hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:136-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Chung IM, Kim YM, Yoo MH, Shin MK, Kim CK, Suh SH. Immobilization stress induces endothelial dysfunction by oxidative stress via the activation of the angiotensin II/its type I receptor pathway. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Davern P, Jackson K, Nguyen-Huu T, La Greca L, Head G. Cardiovascular reactivity and neuronal activation to stress in Schlager genetically hypertensive mice. Neuroscience 2010; 170:551-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Davern PJ, Jackson KL, Nguyen-Huu TP, La Greca L, Head GA. Cardiovascular responses to aversive and nonaversive stressors in Schlager genetically hypertensive mice. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:838-44. [PMID: 20379140 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schlager inbred hypertensive mice (BPH/2J) have been suggested to have high blood pressure (BP) due to an overactive sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The brain nuclei associated with the hypertension are also those involved in the integration of the cardiovascular responses to stress. Therefore, in the present study, we hypothesize that an increased contribution of the SNS in BPH/2J mice may culminate in a greater pressor response to stressful stimuli in these hypertensive mice than normotensive (BPN/3J) mice. METHODS Male hypertensive BPH/2J and normotensive BPN/3J mice were implanted with telemetry devices and exposed to a series of behavioral "stress" tests including aversive stress (shaker, clean cage switch, and restraint) and nonaversive stress (feeding). RESULTS Aversive stress caused a 67-88% greater pressor response in BPH/2J compared with BPN/3J mice. By contrast, the feeding-induced pressor response was not different between groups. All stressors induced tachycardia that was less in BPH/2J mice (feeding and restraint) and others were not different between groups (clean cage switch and shaker). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that hypertension in BPH/2J mice is associated with greater pressor responsiveness to aversive stress but not to appetitive arousal. Thus, BPH/2J hypertensive mice may be a particularly relevant model for human hypertensive patients that overrespond to daily stressors.
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Davern PJ, Chen D, Head GA, Chavez CA, Walther T, Mayorov DN. Role of Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptors in Cardiovascular Reactivity and Neuronal Activation After Aversive Stress in Mice. Hypertension 2009; 54:1262-8. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.139741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether genetic deficiency of angiotensin II Type 1A (AT
1A
) receptors in mice results in altered neuronal responsiveness and reduced cardiovascular reactivity to stress. Telemetry devices were used to measure mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and activity. Before stress, lower resting mean arterial pressure was recorded in AT
1A
−/−
(85±2 mm Hg) than in AT
1A
+/+
(112±2 mm Hg) mice; heart rate was not different between groups. Cage-switch stress for 90 minutes elevated blood pressure by +24±2 mm Hg in AT
1A
+/+
and +17±2 mm Hg in AT
1A
−/−
mice (
P
<0.01), and heart rate increased by +203±9 bpm in AT
1A
+/+
and +121±9 bpm in AT
1A
−/−
mice (
P
<0.001). Locomotor activation was less in AT
1A
−/−
(3.0±0.4 U) than in AT
1A
+/+
animals (6.0±0.4 U), but differences in blood pressure and heart rate persisted during nonactive periods. In contrast to wild-type mice, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity was not inhibited by stress in AT
1A
−/−
mice. After cage-switch stress, c-Fos immunoreactivity was less in the paraventricular (
P
<0.001) and dorsomedial (
P
=0.001) nuclei of the hypothalamus and rostral ventrolateral medulla (
P
<0.001) in AT
1A
−/−
compared with AT
1A
+/+
mice. Conversely, greater c-Fos immunoreactivity was observed in the medial nucleus of the amygdala, caudal ventrolateral medulla, and nucleus of the solitary tract (
P
<0.001) of AT
1A
−/−
compared with AT
1A
+/+
mice. Greater activation of the amygdala suggests that AT
1A
receptors normally inhibit the degree of stress-induced anxiety, whereas the lesser activation of the hypothalamus and rostral ventrolateral medulla suggests that AT
1A
receptors play a key role in autonomic cardiovascular reactions to acute aversive stress, as well as for stress-induced inhibition of the baroreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Davern
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (P.J.D., G.A.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Physiology (D.C.) and Pharmacology (C.A.C., D.N.M.), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Sciences (T.W.), Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (T.W.), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daian Chen
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (P.J.D., G.A.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Physiology (D.C.) and Pharmacology (C.A.C., D.N.M.), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Sciences (T.W.), Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (T.W.), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey A. Head
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (P.J.D., G.A.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Physiology (D.C.) and Pharmacology (C.A.C., D.N.M.), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Sciences (T.W.), Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (T.W.), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carolina A. Chavez
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (P.J.D., G.A.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Physiology (D.C.) and Pharmacology (C.A.C., D.N.M.), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Sciences (T.W.), Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (T.W.), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (P.J.D., G.A.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Physiology (D.C.) and Pharmacology (C.A.C., D.N.M.), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Sciences (T.W.), Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (T.W.), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dmitry N. Mayorov
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (P.J.D., G.A.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Physiology (D.C.) and Pharmacology (C.A.C., D.N.M.), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Sciences (T.W.), Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (T.W.), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Chen D, La Greca L, Head GA, Walther T, Mayorov DN. Blood pressure reactivity to emotional stress is reduced in AT1A-receptor knockout mice on normal, but not high salt intake. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:559-64. [PMID: 19407821 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological evidence suggests that angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular response to emotional stress and reinforcing effect of dietary salt on this response. In this study, we examined the effect of genetic deletion of AT(1A) receptors on the cardiovascular effects of stress and salt in mice. AT(1A) receptor knockout (AT(1A)(-/-)) and wild-type (AT(1A)(+/+)) mice were implanted with telemetry devices and placed on a normal (0.4%) or high (3.1%) salt diet (HSD). Resting blood pressure (BP) in AT(1A)(-/-) mice (84+/-3 mm Hg) was lower than in AT(1A)(+/+) mice (107+/-2 mm Hg). Negative emotional (restraint) stress increased BP by 33+/-3 mm Hg in AT(1A)(+/+) mice. This response was attenuated by 40% in AT(1A)(-/-) mice (18+/-3 mm Hg). Conversely, the BP increase caused by food presentation and feeding was similar in AT(1A)(-/-) (25+/-3 mm Hg) and AT(1A)(+/+) mice (26+/-3 mm Hg). HSD increased resting BP by 14+/-4 mm Hg in AT(1A)(-/-) mice without affecting it significantly in AT(1A)(+/+) mice. Under these conditions, the pressor response to restraint stress in AT(1A)(-/-) mice (30+/-3 mm Hg) was no longer different from that in wild-type animals (28+/-3 mm Hg). The BP response to feeding was not altered by HSD in either AT(1A)(-/-) or AT(1A)(+/+) mice (25+/-2 and 27+/-3 mm Hg, respectively). These results indicate that AT(1A) receptor deficiency leads to a reduction in BP reactivity to negative emotional stress, but not feeding. HSD can selectively reinforce the cardiovascular response to negative stress in AT(1A)(-/-) mice. However, there is little interaction between AT(1A) receptors, excess dietary sodium and feeding-induced cardiovascular arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daian Chen
- Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Moriya T, Aida R, Kudo T, Akiyama M, Doi M, Hayasaka N, Nakahata N, Mistlberger R, Okamura H, Shibata S. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is not necessary for food-anticipatory circadian rhythms of behavior, temperature or clock gene expression in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29:1447-60. [PMID: 19519629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are regulated by a light-entrainable circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and food-entrainable oscillators located elsewhere in the brain and body. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) has been proposed to be the site of oscillators driving food-anticipatory circadian rhythms, but this is controversial. To further evaluate this hypothesis, we measured clock gene, temperature and activity rhythms in intact and DMH-ablated mice. A single 4-h midday feeding after an overnight fast induced mPer1 and mPer2 mRNA expression in the DMH, arcuate nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema, and reset daily rhythms of mPer1, mPer2 and mBMAL1 in the DMH, arcuate and neocortex. These rhythms persisted during 2 days of food deprivation after 12 days of scheduled daytime feeding. Acute induction of DMH mPer1 and mPer2 was N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent, whereas rhythmic expression after 6 days of restricted feeding was not. Thermal DMH lesions did not affect acute induction or rhythmic expression of clock genes in other brain regions in response to scheduled daytime feeding. DMH lesions attenuated mean daily activity levels and nocturnality but did not affect food-anticipatory rhythms of activity and body temperature in either light-dark or constant darkness. These results confirm that the DMH and other brain regions express circadian clock gene rhythms sensitive to daytime feeding schedules, but do not support the hypothesis that DMH oscillations drive food-anticipatory behavioral or temperature rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Moriya
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Science, School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Meng X, Yin P, Deng C, Chen J, Wang Z, Xu G. Effect of a traditional Chinese medicine preparation Xindi soft capsule on rat model of acute blood stasis: A urinary metabonomics study based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 873:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mayorov DN. Brain superoxide as a key regulator of the cardiovascular response to emotional stress in rabbits. Exp Physiol 2007; 92:471-9. [PMID: 17303648 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.036830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular reactivity, an abrupt increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to emotional stress, is a risk factor for hypertension and heart disease. Brain angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT(1)) receptor is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of cardiovascular reactivity. Given that a wide variety of AT(1) receptor signalling pathways exists in neurones, the precise molecular mechanisms that underlie central cardiovascular actions of Ang II during emotional stress are yet to be determined. Growing evidence, however, indicates that reactive oxygen species, and in particular superoxide (.O(2)(-)), are important intracellular messengers of many actions of brain Ang II. In particular, studies employing microinjection of .O(2)(-) scavengers directly into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and dorsomedial hypothalamus of rabbits have shown that the activation of AT(1) receptor-.O(2)(-) signalling is required for full manifestation of the cardiovascular response to emotional stress. This role of .O(2)(-) appears to be highly specific, because .O(2)(-) scavengers in the RVLM do not alter the sympathoexcitatory response to baroreceptor unloading or sciatic nerve stimulation. The subcellular mechanisms for the stress-induced .O(2)(-) production are likely to include the activation of NADPH oxidase and are essentially independent of nitric oxide. This review summarizes current knowledge of redox-sensitive signalling mechanisms in the brain that regulate cardiovascular effects of stress. Additionally, it presents initial evidence that .O(2)(-) may be less important in the activation of central pressor pathways mediating cardiovascular arousal associated with appetitive events, such as food anticipation and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry N Mayorov
- Baker Heart Research Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia.
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25
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Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Dobruch J, Puchalska L, Szczepańska-Sadowska E. Interaction of AT1 receptors and V1a receptors-mediated effects in the central cardiovascular control during the post-infarct state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 142:86-94. [PMID: 17350115 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Experimental objectives. Because myocardial infarct is associated with overactivation of brain angiotensin II (ANG II) and vasopressin (AVP) V1a receptors we decided to determine whether AT1 and V1a receptors-mediated effects of ANG II and AVP interact in central cardiovascular control during the post-infarct state. Four groups of infarcted and four groups of sham-operated conscious rats entered the study. Results. In the infarcted rats cerebroventricular infusion of AT1 (AT1ANT, losartan) and V1a antagonist {V1aANT,d(CH(2))(5)[Tyr(Me)(2)Ala-NH(2)(9)]VP} and combined infusion of both these compounds performed 4 weeks after induction of the infarct significantly and comparably reduced mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in comparison to control experiments (artificial cerebrospinal fluid infusion). In the sham rats MABP was not affected by any of the infusions. In control experiments MABP and HR responses to an alarming air jet stress were significantly higher in the infarcted than in the sham rats. Both responses were normalized with the same effectiveness by administration of AT1ANT, V1aANT and AT1ANT+V1aANT. In the sham rats administration of these compounds did not affect MABP and HR responses to stress. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence for interaction of AT1 and V1a receptors-mediated effects of ANG II and AVP in the central cardiovascular control during the post-infarct state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedm. 26/28 Street, Warsaw 00-927, Poland
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26
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Shekhar A, Johnson PL, Sajdyk TJ, Fitz SD, Keim SR, Kelley PE, Gehlert DR, DiMicco JA. Angiotensin-II is a putative neurotransmitter in lactate-induced panic-like responses in rats with disruption of GABAergic inhibition in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. J Neurosci 2006; 26:9205-15. [PMID: 16957077 PMCID: PMC6674511 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2491-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous sodium lactate infusions or the noradrenergic agent yohimbine reliably induce panic attacks in humans with panic disorder but not in healthy controls. However, the exact mechanism of lactate eliciting a panic attack is still unknown. In rats with chronic disruption of GABA-mediated inhibition in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), achieved by chronic microinfusion of the glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor L-allylglycine, sodium lactate infusions or yohimbine elicits panic-like responses (i.e., anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, and tachypnea). In the present study, previous injections of the angiotensin-II (A-II) type 1 receptor antagonist losartan and the nonspecific A-II receptor antagonist saralasin into the DMH of "panic-prone" rats blocked the anxiety-like and physiological components of lactate-induced panic-like responses. In addition, direct injections of A-II into the DMH of these panic-prone rats also elicited panic-like responses that were blocked by pretreatment with saralasin. Microinjections of saralasin into the DMH did not block the panic-like responses elicited by intravenous infusions of the noradrenergic agent yohimbine or by direct injections of NMDA into the DMH. The presence of the A-II type 1 receptors in the region of the DMH was demonstrated using immunohistochemistry. Thus, these results implicate A-II pathways and the A-II receptors in the hypothalamus as putative substrates for sodium lactate-induced panic-like responses in vulnerable subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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