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Moura TDBD, Nunes FB, Crestani BDV, Araujo TFC, Hanauer EL, Corleta HVE, Branchini G. Preeclampsia and transport of ions and small molecules: A literature review. Placenta 2024; 156:77-91. [PMID: 39293185 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a prevalent obstetric complication affecting approximately 3-5% of pregnancies worldwide and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia is considered a disease of the endothelial system that can progress to eclampsia, characterized by seizures. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to improving maternal and fetal outcomes, as preeclampsia can lead to severe complications such as placental abruption, fetal growth restriction, and stroke. The pathophysiology of PE is complex, involving a combination of genetic, acquired, and immunological factors. A central feature of the condition is inadequate placentation and impaired uteroplacental perfusion, leading to local hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, and immunological dysregulation. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of ion transporters may play a significant role in the adaptation of uterine circulation during placentation. These transporters are essential for maintaining maternal-fetal homeostasis, influencing processes such as nutrient exchange, hormone synthesis, trophoblast cell migration, and the function of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. In preeclampsia, adverse conditions like hypoxia and oxidative stress result in the downregulation of ion, solute, and water transporters, impairing their function. This review focuses on membrane transporters involved in PE, discussing functional alterations and their physiological implications. The goal of this investigation is to enhance understanding of how dysregulation of ion and small molecule transporters contributes to the development and progression of preeclampsia, underscoring the importance of exploring these signaling pathways for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Duarte Borges de Moura
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 245 Sarmento Leite St, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 90050170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 245 Sarmento Leite St, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 90050170, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Dalla Vecchia Crestani
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 245 Sarmento Leite St, Porto Alegre, ZIP 90050170, Brazil
| | | | - Eduarda Luiza Hanauer
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 245 Sarmento Leite St, Porto Alegre, ZIP 90050170, Brazil
| | - Helena von Eye Corleta
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), 2400 Ramiro Barcelos St, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gisele Branchini
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 245 Sarmento Leite St, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 90050170, Brazil.
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de Brito Pitilin E, Marafon F, da Silva Rosa Bonadiman B, Pelazza BB, Pillat MM, de Lara JD, de Oliveira PP, Bagatini MD, Schirmer J. Effects of calcium supplementation on changes in the IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10 axes and oxidative stress in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38245691 PMCID: PMC10799391 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women with hypertensive disorders are at increased risk for inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress. The dilemma raised by the best dosage of calcium supplementation on these factors is evident. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of calcium on biomarkers of the purinergic system, inflammation and oxidative stress, which are factors contributing to vascular damage in pregnant women at high risk of pre-eclampsia. METHODS A prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled study conducted with 101 women at risk of pre-eclampsia were randomized to take 500 mg calcium/day or 1,500 mg calcium/day or placebo for 6 weeks from the 20th gestational week until delivery. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study and 6 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS Taking calcium supplements (500 mg calcium/day) led to a significant increase in ATP hydrolysis (p < 0.05), NTPDase activity with increased hydrolysis of ADP and AMP nucleotides in platelets and lymphocytes. In the intragroup analysis IL-2, IL-6, IL-4 and interferon-ɣ presented lower values in the calcium 1,500 mg/day group (p < 0.005). Oxidative stress was assessed by TBARS pro-oxidant marker, with an increase for the calcium groups when compared to the placebo group. The Vitamin C antioxidant marker presented a significant increase (p < 0.005) for the group that received high calcium doses. CONCLUSIONS Calcium administration for 6 weeks had antioxidant action and positively modulated the purinergic system and inflammatory markers in pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia.
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Grants
- The research protocol was submitted to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and granted financial support, according to public notice 28/2018 – Universal of the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications/National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, MCTIC/CNPq).
- This paper was also funded by the Support Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Higher Education (Fundo de Apoio à Manutenção e ao Desenvolvimento da Educação Superior, FUMDES). The study funders did not play any role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica de Brito Pitilin
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Bordin Pelazza
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Midwest State University, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Dotto de Lara
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Janine Schirmer
- Graduate Program in São Paulo School of Nursings, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mut-Arbona P, Sperlágh B. P2 receptor-mediated signaling in the physiological and pathological brain: From development to aging and disease. Neuropharmacology 2023; 233:109541. [PMID: 37062423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic pathway mediates both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, whereas the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is in a critical equilibrium. Under physiological conditions, extracellular ATP is maintained at a nanomolar concentration. Whether released into the medium following tissue damage, inflammation, or hypoxia, ATP is considered a clear indicator of cell damage and a marker of pathological conditions. In this overview, we provide an update on the participation of P2 receptor-mediated purinergic signaling in normal and pathological brain development, with special emphasis on neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Since purinergic signaling is ubiquitous, it is not surprising that it plays a prominent role in developmental processes and pathological alterations. The main aim of this review is to conceptualize the time-dependent dynamic changes in the participation of different players in the purinome in shaping the normal and aberrant developmental patterns and diseases of the central nervous system over one's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Zhao Y, Pasanen M, Rysä J. Placental ion channels: potential target of chemical exposure. Biol Reprod 2022; 108:41-51. [PMID: 36173899 PMCID: PMC9843680 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is an important organ for the exchange of substances between the fetus and the mother, hormone secretion, and fetoplacental immunological defense. Placenta has an organ-specific distribution of ion channels and trophoblasts, and placental vessels express a large number of ion channels. Several placental housekeeping activities and pregnancy complications are at least partly controlled by ion channels, which are playing an important role in regulating hormone secretion, trophoblastic homeostasis, ion transport, and vasomotor activity. The function of several placental ion channels (Na, Ca, and Cl ion channels, cation channel, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and aquaporin-1) is known to be influenced by chemical exposure, i.e., their responses to different chemicals have been tested and confirmed in experimental models. Here, we review the possibility that placental ion channels are targets of toxicological concern in terms of placental function, fetal growth, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Markku Pasanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Correspondence: School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. Tel: +358403552412; E-mail:
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Lofthouse EM, Manousopoulou A, Cleal JK, O'Kelly IM, Poore KR, Garbis SD, Lewis RM. N-acetylcysteine, xCT and suppression of Maxi-chloride channel activity in human placenta. Placenta 2021; 110:46-55. [PMID: 34120018 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental oxidative stress features in pregnancy pathologies but in clinical trials antioxidant supplementation has not improved outcomes. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) stimulates glutathione production and is proposed as a therapeutic agent in pregnancy. However, key elements of N-acetylcysteine biology, including its cellular uptake mechanism, remains unclear. This study explores how the cystine/glutamate transporter xCT may mediate N-acetylcysteine uptake and how N-acetylcysteine alters placental redox status. METHODS The involvement of xCT in NAC uptake by the human placenta was studied in perfused placenta and Xenopus oocytes. The effect of short-term N-acetylcysteine exposure on the placental villous proteome was determined using LC-MS. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on Maxi-chloride channel activity was investigated in perfused placenta, villous fragments and cell culture. RESULTS Maternoplacental N-acetylcysteine administration stimulated intracellular glutamate efflux suggesting a role of the exchange transporter xCT, which was localised to the microvillous membrane of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. Placental exposure to a bolus of N-acetylcysteine inhibited subsequent activation of the redox sensitive Maxi-chloride channel independently of glutathione synthesis. Stable isotope quantitative proteomics of placental villi treated with N-acetylcysteine demonstrated changes in pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and the acute phase response. DISCUSSION This study suggests that xCT mediates N-acetylcysteine uptake into the placenta and that N-acetylcysteine treatment of placental tissue alters the placental proteome while regulating the redox sensitive Maxi-chloride channel. Interestingly N-acetylcysteine had antioxidant effects independent of the glutathione pathway. Effective placental antioxidant therapy in pregnancy may require maintaining the balance between normalising redox status without inhibiting physiological redox signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Lofthouse
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jane K Cleal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Spiros D Garbis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
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Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S: The Bad and the Ugly. Where Is the Good? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040314. [PMID: 33916708 PMCID: PMC8066465 DOI: 10.3390/life11040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a reprotoxic and endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been substituted by alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) in the plastic industry. Despite their detection in placenta and amniotic fluids, the effects of bisphenols on human placental cells have not been characterized. Our objective was to explore in vitro and to compare the toxicity of BPA to its substitutes BPF and BPS to highlight their potential risks for placenta and then pregnancy. Methods: Human placenta cells (JEG-Tox cells) were incubated with BPA, BPF, and BPS for 72 h. Cell viability, cell death, and degenerative P2X7 receptor and caspases activation, and chromatin condensation were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Incubation with BPA, BPF, or BPS was associated with P2X7 receptor activation and chromatin condensation. BPA and BPF induced more caspase-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation than BPS. Only BPF enhanced caspase-8 activity. Conclusions: BPA, BPF, and BPS are all toxic to human placental cells, with the P2X7 receptor being a common key element. BPA substitution by BPF and BPS does not appear to be a safe alternative for human health, particularly for pregnant women and their fetuses.
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Harden SL, Zhou J, Gharanei S, Diniz-da-Costa M, Lucas ES, Cui L, Murakami K, Fang J, Chen Q, Brosens JJ, Lee YH. Exometabolomic Analysis of Decidualizing Human Endometrial Stromal and Perivascular Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626619. [PMID: 33585482 PMCID: PMC7876294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of endometrial fibroblasts into specialized decidual cells controls embryo implantation and transforms the cycling endometrium into a semi-permanent, immune-protective matrix that accommodates the placenta throughout pregnancy. This process starts during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle with decidual transformation of perivascular cells (PVC) surrounding the terminal spiral arterioles and endometrial stromal cells (EnSC) underlying the luminal epithelium. Decidualization involves extensive cellular reprogramming and acquisition of a secretory phenotype, essential for coordinated placental trophoblast invasion. Secreted metabolites are an emerging class of signaling molecules, collectively known as the exometabolome. Here, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize and analyze time-resolved changes in metabolite secretion (exometabolome) of primary PVC and EnSC decidualized over 8 days. PVC were isolated using positive selection of the cell surface marker SUSD2. We identified 79 annotated metabolites differentially secreted upon decidualization, including prostaglandin, sphingolipid, and hyaluronic acid metabolites. Secreted metabolites encompassed 21 metabolic pathways, most prominently glycerolipid and pyrimidine metabolism. Although temporal exometabolome changes were comparable between decidualizing PVC and EnSC, 32 metabolites were differentially secreted across the decidualization time-course. Further, targeted metabolomics demonstrated significant differences in secretion of purine pathway metabolites between decidualized PVC and EnSC. Taken together, our findings indicate that the metabolic footprints generated by different decidual subpopulations encode spatiotemporal information that may be important for optimal embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Harden
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieliang Zhou
- Translational ‘Omics and Biomarkers Group, KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seley Gharanei
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Diniz-da-Costa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S. Lucas
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Cui
- Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keisuke Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinling Fang
- Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan J. Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational ‘Omics and Biomarkers Group, KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Brien ME, Baker B, Duval C, Gaudreault V, Jones RL, Girard S. Alarmins at the maternal-fetal interface: involvement of inflammation in placental dysfunction and pregnancy complications 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:206-212. [PMID: 30485131 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is known to be associated with placental dysfunction and pregnancy complications. Infections are well known to be a cause of inflammation but they are frequently undetectable in pregnancy complications. More recently, the focus has been extended to inflammation of noninfectious origin, namely caused by endogenous mediators known as "damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)" or alarmins. In this manuscript, we review the mechanism by which inflammation, sterile or infectious, can alter the placenta and its function. We discuss some classical DAMPs, such as uric acid, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), cell-free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (cffDNA), S100 proteins, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and their impact on the placenta. We focus on the main placental cells (i.e., trophoblast and Hofbauer cells) and describe the placental response to, and release of, DAMPs. We also covered the current state of knowledge about the role of DAMPs in pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and stillbirth and possible therapeutic strategies to preserve placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Brien
- a Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,b Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Bernadette Baker
- c Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom.,d St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyntia Duval
- a Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,e Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Virginie Gaudreault
- a Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,e Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- c Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom.,d St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Girard
- a Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,b Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,e Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Maternal extracellular vesicles and platelets promote preeclampsia via inflammasome activation in trophoblasts. Blood 2016; 128:2153-2164. [PMID: 27589872 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-705434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a placenta-induced inflammatory disease associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying PE remain enigmatic and delivery of the placenta is the only known remedy. PE is associated with coagulation and platelet activation and increased extracellular vesicle (EV) formation. However, thrombotic occlusion of the placental vascular bed is rarely observed and the mechanistic relevance of EV and platelet activation remains unknown. Here we show that EVs induce a thromboinflammatory response specifically in the placenta. Following EV injection, activated platelets accumulate particularly within the placental vascular bed. EVs cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from platelets and inflammasome activation within trophoblast cells through purinergic signaling. Inflammasome activation in trophoblast cells triggers a PE-like phenotype, characterized by pregnancy failure, elevated blood pressure, increased plasma soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, and renal dysfunction. Intriguingly, genetic inhibition of inflammasome activation specifically in the placenta, pharmacological inhibition of inflammasome or purinergic signaling, or genetic inhibition of maternal platelet activation abolishes the PE-like phenotype. Inflammasome activation in trophoblast cells of women with preeclampsia corroborates the translational relevance of these findings. These results strongly suggest that EVs cause placental sterile inflammation and PE through activation of maternal platelets and purinergic inflammasome activation in trophoblast cells, uncovering a novel thromboinflammatory mechanism at the maternal-embryonic interface.
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Spaans F, Melgert BN, Chiang C, Borghuis T, Klok PA, de Vos P, van Goor H, Bakker WW, Faas MM. Extracellular ATP decreases trophoblast invasion, spiral artery remodeling and immune cells in the mesometrial triangle in pregnant rats. Placenta 2014; 35:587-95. [PMID: 24953164 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is characterized by deficient trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling, a process governed by inflammatory cells. High levels of the danger signal extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have been found in women with preeclampsia and infusion of ATP in pregnant rats induced preeclampsia-like symptoms such as albuminuria and placental ischemia. We hypothesized that ATP inhibits trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling and affects macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells present in the rat mesometrial triangle. METHODS Pregnant rats were infused with ATP or saline (control) on day 14 of pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed on day 15, 17 or 20 of pregnancy and placentas with mesometrial triangle were collected. Sections were stained for trophoblast cells, α-smooth muscle actin (spiral artery remodeling), NK cells and various macrophage populations. Expression of various cytokines in the mesometrial triangle was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS ATP infusion decreased interstitial trophoblast invasion on day 17 and spiral artery remodeling on day 17 and 20, increased activated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive macrophages on day 15, decreased NK cells on day 17 and 20, and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive and CD206-positive macrophages and TNF-α and IL-33 expression at the end of pregnancy (day 20). DISCUSSION Interstitial trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in the rat mesometrial triangle were decreased by infusion of ATP. These ATP-induced modifications were preceded by an increase in activated TRAP-positive macrophages and coincided with NK cell numbers, suggesting that they are involved. CONCLUSION Trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling may be inhibited by ATP-induced activated macrophages and decreased NK cells in the mesometrial triangle in rat pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Spaans
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B N Melgert
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Chiang
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Borghuis
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P A Klok
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P de Vos
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H van Goor
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W W Bakker
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Spaans F, Melgert BN, Borghuis T, Klok PA, de Vos P, Bakker WW, van Goor H, Faas MM. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate affects systemic and kidney immune cell populations in pregnant rats. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:305-16. [PMID: 24807649 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Changes in the systemic immune response are found in preeclampsia. This may be related to high extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The question arose whether ATP could affect immune responses in pregnancy. Previously, we investigated whether ATP affected monocyte activation and subpopulations. Here, we investigated ATP-induced changes in other immune cell populations in pregnant rats, systemically and in the kidney, an affected organ in preeclampsia. METHOD OF STUDY Using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry, blood and kidney leukocytes were studied in pregnant and non-pregnant rats at different intervals after ATP or saline infusion. RESULTS Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion induced increased peripheral blood non-classical monocytes and decreased T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant rats only, higher glomerular macrophage and T lymphocyte numbers in non-pregnant animals 1 day after infusion, and higher glomerular macrophage numbers in pregnant rats 6 days after infusion. CONCLUSION Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion in pregnant rats induced a pregnancy-specific inflammatory response. Increased ATP levels could potentially contribute to development of the inflammatory response of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Spaans
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Spaans F, de Vos P, Bakker WW, van Goor H, Faas MM. Danger signals from ATP and adenosine in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Hypertension 2014; 63:1154-60. [PMID: 24688119 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floor Spaans
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling in endocrine organs. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:189-231. [PMID: 24265070 PMCID: PMC3944044 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is widespread involvement of purinergic signalling in endocrine biology. Pituitary cells express P1, P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes to mediate hormone release. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) regulates insulin release in the pancreas and is involved in the secretion of thyroid hormones. ATP plays a major role in the synthesis, storage and release of catecholamines from the adrenal gland. In the ovary purinoceptors mediate gonadotrophin-induced progesterone secretion, while in the testes, both Sertoli and Leydig cells express purinoceptors that mediate secretion of oestradiol and testosterone, respectively. ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline is involved in activities of the pineal gland and in the neuroendocrine control of the thymus. In the hypothalamus, ATP and adenosine stimulate or modulate the release of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone, as well as arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin. Functionally active P2X and P2Y receptors have been identified on human placental syncytiotrophoblast cells and on neuroendocrine cells in the lung, skin, prostate and intestine. Adipocytes have been recognised recently to have endocrine function involving purinoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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15
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Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling in the reproductive system in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:157-87. [PMID: 24271059 PMCID: PMC3944041 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are multiple roles for purinergic signalling in both male and female reproductive organs. ATP, released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves, contracts smooth muscle via P2X1 receptors in vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and uterus, as well as in blood vessels. Male infertility occurs in P2X1 receptor knockout mice. Both short- and long-term trophic purinergic signalling occurs in reproductive organs. Purinergic signalling is involved in hormone secretion, penile erection, sperm motility and capacitation, and mucous production. Changes in purinoceptor expression occur in pathophysiological conditions, including pre-eclampsia, cancer and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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16
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Choi RCY, Chu GKY, Siow NL, Yung AWY, Yung LY, Lee PSC, Lo CCW, Simon J, Dong TTX, Barnard EA, Tsim KWK. Activation of UTP-sensitive P2Y2 receptor induces the expression of cholinergic genes in cultured cortical neurons: a signaling cascade triggered by Ca2+ mobilization and extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:50-61. [PMID: 23592515 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP functions as an extracellular signaling molecule that is costored and coreleased with neurotransmitters at central and peripheral neuronal synapses. Stimulation by ATP upregulates the expression of synaptic genes in muscle-including the genes for nicotine acetylcholine receptor (α-, δ-, and ε-subunits) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-via the P2Y receptor (P2YR), but the trophic response of neurons to the activation of P2YRs is less well understood. We reported that cultured cortical neurons and the developing rat brain expressed different types of P2YRs, and among these the UTP-sensitive P2Y2R was the most abundant. P2Y2R was found to exist in membrane rafts and it colocalized with the postsynaptic protein PSD-95 in cortical neurons. Notably, agonist-dependent stimulation of P2Y2R elevated the neuronal expression of cholinergic genes encoding AChE, PRiMA (an anchor for the globular form AChE), and choline acetyltransferase, and this induction was mediated by a signaling cascade that involved Ca(2+) mobilization and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 activation. The importance of P2Y2R action was further shown by the receptor's synergistic effect with P2Y1R in enhancing cholinergic gene expression via the robust stimulation of Ca(2+) influx. Taken together our results revealed a developmental function of P2Y2R in promoting synaptic gene expression and demonstrated the influence of costimulation of P2Y1R and P2Y2R in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy C Y Choi
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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17
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Stojilkovic SS, Zemkova H. P2X receptor channels in endocrine glands. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. MEMBRANE TRANSPORT AND SIGNALING 2013; 2:173-180. [PMID: 24073387 PMCID: PMC3780426 DOI: 10.1002/wmts.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine system is the system of ductless glands and single cells that synthetize hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream. Regulation of endocrine system is very complex and ATP and its degradable products ADP and adenosine contribute to its regulation acting as extracellular messengers for purinergic receptors. These include P2X receptors, a family of ligand-gated ion channels which expression and roles in endocrine tissues are reviewed here. There are seven mammalian purinergic receptor subunits, denoted P2X1 through P2X7, and the majority of these subunits are also expressed in secretory and non-secretory cells of endocrine system. Functional channels have been identified in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus, the posterior and anterior pituitary, the thyroid gland, the adrenals, the endocrine pancreas, the gonads and the placenta. Native channels are capable of promoting calcium influx through its pore in both excitable and non-excitable cells, as well as of increasing electrical activity in excitable cells by membrane depolarization. This leads to generation of calcium transients and stimulation of hormone release. The pattern of expression and action of P2XRs in endocrine system suggests that locally produced ATP amplifies and synchronizes the secretory responses of individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanko S. Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Program in Developmental Neuroscience, The Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4510
| | - Hana Zemkova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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García-Alcocer G, Padilla K, Rodríguez A, Miledi R, Berumen LC. Distribution of the purinegic receptors P2X4 and P2X6 during rat gut development. Neurosci Lett 2012; 509:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Hoyle CH. Evolution of neuronal signalling: Transmitters and receptors. Auton Neurosci 2011; 165:28-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Faas MM, van der Schaaf G, Borghuis T, Jongman RM, van Pampus MG, de Vos P, van Goor H, Bakker WW. Extracellular ATP induces albuminuria in pregnant rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2468-78. [PMID: 20223894 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As circulating plasma ATP concentrations are increased in pre-eclampsia, we tested whether increased plasma ATP is able to induce albuminuria during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant (day 14) and non-pregnant rats were infused with ATP (3000 microg/kg bw) via a permanent jugular vein cannula. Albuminuria was determined, and blood samples were taken for leukocyte counts, plasma ATP and plasma haemopexin activity. At Day 20 of pregnancy, rats were sacrificed, fetuses and placentas weighed and kidney and placental tissue were snap frozen for immunohistology. RESULTS ATP infusion induced albuminuria exclusively in pregnant rats, together with increased neutrophil counts, decreased staining for glomerular sialoglycoproteins and CD39 expression, significant intraglomerular monocyte infiltration and increased glomerular intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Plasma haemopexin activity was increased in saline-infused pregnant rats as compared to non-pregnant rats but was inhibited in pregnant ATP-infused rats (to non-pregnant levels). At the end of pregnancy (Day 20), increased plasma ATP level was exclusively seen in ATP-infused pregnant rats. In pregnant rats as compared with non-pregnant rats, we found decreased expression of glomerular AT-1 receptors, which was increased after ATP infusion exclusively in pregnant animals. CONCLUSION The present study shows that ATP infusion induced a pro-inflammatory response leading to glomerular albuminuria exclusively in the pregnant rat. Why extracellular ATP showed this pro-inflammatory response exclusively in the pregnant condition is unclear but is probably related with relatively enhanced non-specific immunity and inflammatory reactions characteristic for the pregnant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Gómez-Villafuertes R, del Puerto A, Díaz-Hernández M, Bustillo D, Díaz-Hernández JI, Huerta PG, Artalejo AR, Garrido JJ, Miras-Portugal MT. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II signalling cascade mediates P2X7 receptor-dependent inhibition of neuritogenesis in neuroblastoma cells. FEBS J 2009; 276:5307-25. [PMID: 19682070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
ATP, via purinergic P2X receptors, acts as a neurotransmitter and modulator in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and is also involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Previously, we have reported that P2X7 receptor inhibition promotes axonal growth and branching in cultured hippocampal neurons. In this article, we demonstrate that the P2X7 receptor negatively regulates neurite formation in mouse Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II-related mechanism. Using both molecular and immunocytochemical techniques, we characterized the presence of endogenous P2X1, P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 subunits in these cells. Of these, the P2X7 receptor was the only functional receptor, as its activation induced intracellular calcium increments similar to those observed in primary neuronal cultures, exhibiting pharmacological properties characteristic of homomeric P2X7 receptors. Patch-clamp experiments were also conducted to fully demonstrate that ionotropic P2X7 receptors mediate nonselective cation currents in this cell line. Pharmacological inhibition of the P2X7 receptor and its knockdown by small hairpin RNA interference resulted in increased neuritogenesis in cells cultured in low serum-containing medium, whereas P2X7 overexpression significantly reduced the formation of neurites. Interestingly, P2X7 receptor inhibition also modified the phosphorylation state of focal adhesion kinase, Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3, protein kinases that participate in the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II signalling cascade and that have been related to neuronal differentiation and axonal growth. Taken together, our results provide the first mechanistic insight into P2X7 receptor-triggered signalling pathways that regulate neurite formation in neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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22
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Fricks IP, Maddileti S, Carter RL, Lazarowski ER, Nicholas RA, Jacobson KA, Harden TK. UDP is a competitive antagonist at the human P2Y14 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:588-94. [PMID: 18252808 PMCID: PMC2918431 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.136309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled P2Y receptors (P2Y-R) are activated by adenine and uracil nucleotides. The P2Y(14) receptor (P2Y(14)-R) is activated by at least four naturally occurring UDP sugars, with UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) being the most potent agonist. With the goal of identifying a competitive antagonist for the P2Y(14)-R, UDP was examined for antagonist activity in COS-7 cells transiently expressing the human P2Y(14)-R and a chimeric Galpha protein that couples Gi-coupled receptors to stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. UDP antagonized the agonist action of UDP-Glc, and Schild analysis confirmed that the antagonism was competitive (pK(B) = 7.28). Uridine 5'-O-thiodiphosphate also antagonized the human P2Y(14)-R (hP2Y(14)-R) with an apparent affinity similar to that of UDP. In contrast, no antagonist activity was observed with ADP, CDP, or GDP, and other uracil analogs also failed to exhibit antagonist activity. The antagonist activity of UDP was not observed at other hP2Y-R. In contrast to its antagonist action at the hP2Y(14)-R, UDP was a potent agonist (EC(50) = 0.35 muM) at the rat P2Y(14)-R. These results identify the first competitive antagonist of the P2Y(14)-R and demonstrate pharmacological differences between receptor orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid P Fricks
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, CB#7365 Mary Ellen Jones Bldg., Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
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23
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Suzuki-Kerr H, Vlajkovic S, Donaldson PJ, Lim J. Molecular identification and localization of P2X receptors in the rat lens. Exp Eye Res 2008; 86:844-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Vaughan KR, Stokes L, Prince LR, Marriott HM, Meis S, Kassack MU, Bingle CD, Sabroe I, Surprenant A, Whyte MKB. Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by ATP is mediated by the P2Y11 receptor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2007; 179:8544-53. [PMID: 18056402 PMCID: PMC2292245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils undergo rapid constitutive apoptosis that is delayed by a range of pathogen- and host-derived inflammatory mediators. We have investigated the ability of the nucleotide ATP, to which neutrophils are exposed both in the circulation and at sites of inflammation, to modulate the lifespan of human neutrophils. We found that physiologically relevant concentrations of ATP cause a concentration-dependent delay of neutrophil apoptosis (assessed by morphology, annexin V/To-Pro3 staining, and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization). We found that even brief exposure to ATP (10 min) was sufficient to cause a long-lasting delay of apoptosis and showed that the effects were not mediated by ATP breakdown to adenosine. The P2 receptor mediating the antiapoptotic actions of ATP was identified using a combination of more selective ATP analogs, receptor expression studies, and study of downstream signaling pathways. Neutrophils were shown to express the P2Y11 receptor and inhibition of P2Y11 signaling using the antagonist NF157 abrogated the ATP-mediated delay of neutrophil apoptosis, as did inhibition of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinases activated downstream of P2Y11, without effects on constitutive apoptosis. Specific targeting of P2Y11 could retain key immune functions of neutrophils but reduce the injurious effects of increased neutrophil longevity during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Vaughan
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK
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25
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Montalbetti N, Li Q, Wu Y, Chen XZ, Cantiello HF. Polycystin-2 cation channel function in the human syncytiotrophoblast is regulated by microtubular structures. J Physiol 2007; 579:717-28. [PMID: 17204494 PMCID: PMC2151358 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.125583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-2 (PC2), encoded by PKD2, which is one of the genes whose mutations cause polycystic kidney disease, is abundantly produced in the apical domain of the syncytiotrophoblast (hST) of term human placenta. PC2, a TRP-type (TRPP2) non-selective cation channel, is present in primary cilia of renal epithelial cells, a microtubule-based ancillary structure with sensory function. The hST has abundant cytoskeletal structures, and actin filament dynamics regulate PC2 channel function in this epithelium. However, it is expected that the apical hST excludes microtubular structures. Here, we demonstrated by Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses that hST apical vesicles indeed contain microtubule structural components, including tubulin isoforms, acetylated alpha-tubulin, and the kinesin motor proteins KIF3A and KIF3B. PC2 and tubulin were substantially colocalized in hST vesicles. Treatment of hST vesicles with either the microtubular disrupter colchicine (15 microM) or the microtubular stabilizer paclitaxel (taxol, 15 microM) resulted in distinct patterns of microtubular re-organization and PC2 redistribution. We also observed that changes in microtubular dynamics regulate PC2 channel function. Addition of colchicine rapidly inhibited PC2 channel activity in lipid-bilayer reconstituted hST membranes. Addition of either tubulin and GTP, or taxol, however, stimulated PC2 channel activity in control hST membranes. Interestingly, we found that the kinesin motor protein KIF3A was capable of increasing PC2 channel activity in hST. We believe that the data are the first to provide a direct demonstration of a microtubular interaction with PC2 in the hST. This interaction thus plays an important regulatory role in the control of ion transport in the human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montalbetti
- Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, Departamento de Fisicoquímica y Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Rayment SJ, Latif ML, Ralevic V, Alexander SPH. Evidence for the expression of multiple uracil nucleotide-stimulated P2 receptors coupled to smooth muscle contraction in porcine isolated arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:604-12. [PMID: 17262017 PMCID: PMC2189772 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The uracil nucleotides UDP and UTP have been reported to activate P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors to cause vasoconstriction. We have performed a comparative analysis of these receptors in endothelium-denuded smooth muscle from porcine isolated coronary and ear arteries, using pharmacological and molecular tools. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Tissue segments were used to construct non-cumulative concentration response curves for UTP and UDP, in the absence and presence of the P2 receptor antagonists PPADS or suramin. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were employed to define gene expression and immunoreactivity for P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors. KEY RESULTS In the coronary artery, UTP-evoked contractile responses were reduced in the presence of suramin, but not PPADS, while the smaller responses to UDP were unaffected by either antagonist. In the ear artery, contractile responses to UDP were much smaller than those to UTP; responses to UTP were inhibited by both PPADS and suramin. RT-PCR suggested predominant expression of P2Y2 receptors in the coronary artery, while P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptor gene expression appeared equivalent in both tissues. Immunoblot analyses provided evidence for P2Y6 receptors in both tissues, with equivocal evidence of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptor immunoreactivities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We conclude that UTP-evoked contraction of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle appears to be predominantly P2Y2-mediated, while the ear artery appears to express a uracil nucleotide-sensitive P2 receptor(s) which fails to fit readily into the current classification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ear/blood supply
- Gene Expression
- In Vitro Techniques
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists
- Pyridoxal Phosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Pyridoxal Phosphate/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Suramin/pharmacology
- Swine
- Uracil Nucleotides/metabolism
- Uracil Nucleotides/pharmacology
- Uridine Diphosphate/metabolism
- Uridine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rayment
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham, UK
| | - M L Latif
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham, UK
| | - V Ralevic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham, UK
| | - S P H Alexander
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham, UK
- Author for correspondence:
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27
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Ferrari D, Gorini S, Callegari G, la Sala A. Shaping immune responses through the activation of dendritic cells' P2 receptors. Purinergic Signal 2006; 3:99-107. [PMID: 18404423 PMCID: PMC2096769 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) activate and shape the adaptive immune response by capturing antigens, migrating to peripheral lymphoid organs where naïve T cells reside, expressing high levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules and secreting cytokines and chemokines. DCs are endowed with a high degree of functional plasticity and their functions are tightly regulated. Besides initiating adaptive immune responses, DCs play a key role in maintaining peripheral tolerance toward self-antigens. On the basis of the information gathered from the tissue where they reside, DCs adjust their functional activity to ensure that protective immunity is favoured while unwanted or exaggerated immune responses are prevented. A wide variety of signals from neighbouring cells affecting DC functional activity have been described. Here we will discuss the complex role of extracellular nucleotides in the regulation of DC function and the role of P2 receptors as possible tools to manipulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Roberts VHJ, Waters LH, Powell T. Purinergic receptor expression and activation in first trimester and term human placenta. Placenta 2006; 28:339-47. [PMID: 16764923 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is an important signalling molecule in the human placenta and regulation of [Ca(2+)](i) must be tightly controlled to ensure normal cell function and in order to meet the changing demand for calcium with increased fetal growth over gestation. Little is known about the receptors and mechanisms involved in intracellular calcium signalling in the human placenta but in isolated cytotrophoblast cells members of the P2 purinergic receptor family have been shown to mediate an ATP-stimulated rise in [Ca(2+)](i). In this study we examined activation and expression of several of the purinergic receptor subtypes in human placental villous fragments at two stages of gestation, first trimester and term. We demonstrate mRNA and protein expression of the P2X(4), P2X(7) and P2Y(2) subtypes but found no evidence of P2Y(4) protein in the placenta. Using fluorescent calcium imaging we demonstrate that 300 microM ATP, 450 microM UTP and 300 microM BzATP significantly elevate [Ca(2+)](i) in villous fragments with a significant increase in agonist-induced response seen in the term compared to the first trimester fragments (ATP, P<0.0001; UTP, P=0.018; BzATP, P=0.015). The roles of the purinergic receptors within the human placenta are not known but it seems likely for this study that calcium handling through these receptors is altered with advancing gestation. This may be due to the need to meet increased fetal Ca(2+) requirements due to growth or as a secondary function to alterations in placental [Ca(2+)](i) signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H J Roberts
- Division of Human Development, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 0JH, UK.
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Buvinic S, Poblete MI, Donoso MV, Delpiano AM, Briones R, Miranda R, Huidobro-Toro JP. P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptor distribution varies along the human placental vascular tree: role of nucleotides in vascular tone regulation. J Physiol 2006; 573:427-43. [PMID: 16543271 PMCID: PMC1779721 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of purinergic P2Y receptors (P2YRs) along the cord, superficial chorionic vessels and cotyledons of the human placenta was analysed and functional assays were performed to determine their vasomotor activity. Immunoblots for the P2Y(1)R and P2Y(2)R revealed a 6- to 8-fold increase in receptor expression from the cord to the chorionic or cotyledon vessels. In the cord and chorionic vessels the receptor distribution was mainly in the smooth muscle, whereas in the cotyledon vessels these receptors were equally distributed between the endothelium and smooth muscle cells. An exception was the P2Y(2)R at the umbilical artery, which was distributed as in the cotyledon. mRNA coding for the P2Y(1)R and P2Y(2)R were detected by RT-PCR and the mRNA coding for the P2Y(4)R, P2Y(6)R and P2Y(11)R was also identified. Application of 2-MeSADP and uridine triphosphate (UTP), preferential P2Y(1)R and P2Y(2)R ligands, respectively, resulted in contraction of isolated rings from umbilical and chorionic vessels. The vasoconstriction was blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by 10-100 nm indomethacin or 10 nm GR32191, suggesting the involvement of thromboxane receptors. MRS 2179, a selective P2Y(1)R antagonist, reduced the 2-MeSADP- but not the UTP-evoked contractions. Perfusion of cotyledons with 2-MeSADP or UTP evoked concentration-dependent reductions in perfusion pressure mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway. Blockade of NO synthase abolished the vasodilatation and the rise in luminal NO elicited by either agonist. MRS 2179 antagonized the dilatation and rise in luminal NO evoked by 2-MeSADP but not by UTP. In summary, P2Y(1)R and P2Y(2)R are unevenly distributed along the human placental vascular tree; both receptors are coupled to different signalling pathways in the cord/chorionic vessels versus the cotyledon leading to opposing vasomotor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Buvinic
- Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología J.V.Luco, Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada MIFAB, Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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