1
|
Spatola L, Maringhini S, Canale C, Granata A, D'Amico M. Lithium poisoning and renal replacement therapy: pathophysiology and current clinical recommendations. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2501-2505. [PMID: 36940005 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lithium intoxication is still an undefined and underestimated disease, especially those cases requiring extracorporeal treatment. Lithium is a monovalent cation with small molecular mass of 7 Da that has been regularly and successfully used since 1950 in the treatment of mania and bipolar disorders. However, its careless assumption can lead to a wide spectrum of cardiovascular, central nervous system and kidney diseases in case of acute, acute on chronic and chronic intoxications. In fact, lithium serum range is strict between 0.6 and 1.3 mmol/L, with a mild lithium toxicity observed at the steady-state of 1.5-2.5 mEq/L, moderate toxicity when lithium reaches 2.5-3.5 mEq/L, and severe intoxication with observed serum levels > 3.5 mEq/L. Its favorable biochemical profile allows the complete filtration and partial reabsorption in the kidney due to the similarity to sodium and also the complete removal by renal replacement therapy, that should be considered in specific poisoning conditions. In this narrative and updated review we discussed a clinical case of lithium intoxication, the different pattern of diseases attributable to excessive lithium load and the current indications for extracorporeal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Spatola
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Sant' Antonio Abate, AspTrapani, via Cosenza, Erice, TP, Italy.
| | | | - Carmelinda Canale
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Sant' Antonio Abate, AspTrapani, via Cosenza, Erice, TP, Italy
| | - Antonio Granata
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Cannizzaro, Via Messina, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Maria D'Amico
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Sant' Antonio Abate, AspTrapani, via Cosenza, Erice, TP, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamegawa A, Suzuki S, Suzuki H, Nishikawa K, Numoto N, Fujiyoshi Y. Structural analysis of the water channel AQP2 by single-particle cryo-EM. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107984. [PMID: 37315821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water channels, which are small membrane proteins almost entirely buried in lipid membranes, are challenging research targets for single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), a powerful technique routinely used to determine the structures of membrane proteins. Because the single-particle method enables structural analysis of a whole protein with flexible parts that interfere with crystallization, we have focused our efforts on analyzing water channel structures. Here, utilizing this system, we analyzed the structure of full-length aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a primary regulator of vasopressin-dependent reabsorption of water at the renal collecting ducts. The 2.9 Å resolution map revealed a cytoplasmic extension of the cryo-EM density that was presumed to be the highly flexible C-terminus at which the localization of AQP2 is regulated in the renal collecting duct cells. We also observed a continuous density along the common water pathway inside the channel pore and lipid-like molecules at the membrane interface. Observations of these constructions in the AQP2 structure analyzed without any fiducial markers (e.g., a rigidly bound antibody) indicate that single-particle cryo-EM will be useful for investigating water channels in native states as well as in complexes with chemical compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kamegawa
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shota Suzuki
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kouki Nishikawa
- Joint Research Course for Advanced Biomolecular Characterization, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Erdélyi LS, Hunyady L, Balla A. V2 vasopressin receptor mutations: future personalized therapy based on individual molecular biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173601. [PMID: 37293495 PMCID: PMC10244717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The diluting and concentrating function of the kidney plays a crucial role in regulating the water homeostasis of the body. This function is regulated by the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin through the type 2 vasopressin receptor (V2R), allowing the body to adapt to periods of water load or water restriction. Loss-of-function mutations of the V2R cause X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (XNDI), which is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and hyposthenuria. Gain-of-function mutations of the V2R lead to nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis disease (NSIAD), which results in hyponatremia. Various mechanisms may be responsible for the impaired receptor functions, and this review provides an overview of recent findings about the potential therapeutic interventions in the light of the current experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Sándor Erdélyi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Torfs M, Hompes T, Ceulemans M, Van Calsteren K, Vanhole C, Smits A. Early Postnatal Outcome and Care after in Utero Exposure to Lithium: A Single Center Analysis of a Belgian Tertiary University Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10111. [PMID: 36011745 PMCID: PMC9407712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the impact of in utero exposure to lithium during the postnatal period is limited. Besides a possible teratogenic effect during the first trimester, exposure during the second and third trimesters might lead to neonatal effects. Uniform guidelines for postnatal management of these neonates are lacking. The aim was to retrospectively describe all neonates admitted to the University Hospitals Leuven after in utero exposure to lithium (January 2010 to April 2020), and to propose a postnatal care protocol. Descriptive statistics were performed. For continuous parameters with serial measurements, median population values were calculated. In total, 10 mother-neonate pairs were included. The median gestational age was 37 (interquartile range, IQR, 36-39) weeks. Neonatal plasma lithium concentration at birth was 0.65 (IQR 0.56-0.83) mmol/L with a median neonate/mother ratio of 1.02 (IQR 0.87-1.08). Three neonates needed respiratory support, 7/10 started full enteral (formula) feeding on day 1. The median length of neonatal stay was 8.5 (IQR 8-12) days. One neonate developed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This study reported in detail the postnatal characteristics and short-term neonatal outcomes. A postnatal care protocol was proposed, to enhance the quality of care for future neonates, and to guide parental counselling. Future prospective protocol evaluation is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlien Torfs
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Titia Hompes
- Mind-Body Research Unit, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Adult Psychiatry UPC, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- L-C&Y, Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Ceulemans
- L-C&Y, Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Teratology Information Service, Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel Van Calsteren
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Vanhole
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Smits
- L-C&Y, Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
AQP2 trafficking in health and diseases: an updated overview. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 149:106261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Vaz de Castro PAS, Bitencourt L, de Oliveira Campos JL, Fischer BL, Soares de Brito SBC, Soares BS, Drummond JB, Simões E Silva AC. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a comprehensive overview. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:421-434. [PMID: 35146976 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by the inability to concentrate urine that results in polyuria and polydipsia, despite having normal or elevated plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP). In this study, we review the clinical aspects and diagnosis of NDI, the various etiologies, current treatment options and potential future developments. NDI has different clinical manifestations and approaches according to the etiology. Hereditary forms of NDI are mainly caused by mutations in the genes that encode key proteins in the AVP signaling pathway, while acquired causes are normally associated with specific drug exposure, especially lithium, and hydroelectrolytic disorders. Clinical manifestations of the disease vary according to the degree of dehydration and hyperosmolality, being worse when renal water losses cannot be properly compensated by fluid intake. Regarding the diagnosis of NDI, it is important to consider the symptoms of the patient and the diagnostic tests, including the water deprivation test and the baseline plasma copeptin measurement, a stable surrogate biomarker of AVP release. Without proper treatment, patients may developcomplications leading to high morbidity and mortality, such as severe dehydration and hypernatremia. In that sense, the treatment of NDI consists in decreasing the urine output, while allowing appropriate fluid balance, normonatremia, and ensuring an acceptable quality of life. Therefore, therapeutic options include nonpharmacological interventions, including sufficient water intake and a low-sodium diet, and pharmacological treatment. The main medications used for NDI are thiazide diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and amiloride, used isolated or in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Soares Vaz de Castro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bitencourt
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lacerda de Oliveira Campos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruna Luisa Fischer
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Bruna Camilo Soares de Brito
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Santana Soares
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Beaudette Drummond
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dutta A, Das M. Deciphering the Role of Aquaporins in Metabolic Diseases: A Mini Review. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:148-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
8
|
Szalai L, Sziráki A, Erdélyi LS, Kovács KB, Tóth M, Tóth AD, Turu G, Bonnet D, Mouillac B, Hunyady L, Balla A. Functional Rescue of a Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Causing Mutation in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor by Specific Antagonist and Agonist Pharmacochaperones. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:811836. [PMID: 35153784 PMCID: PMC8829706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.811836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The urine concentrating function of the kidney is essential to maintain the water homeostasis of the human body. It is mainly regulated by the arginine-vasopressin (AVP), which targets the type 2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) in the kidney. The inability of V2R to respond to AVP stimulation leads to decreased urine concentration and congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). NDI is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and hyposthenuria. In this study, we identified a point mutation (S127F) in the AVPR2 gene of an NDI patient, and we characterized the impaired function of the V2R mutant in HEK293 cells. Based on our data, the S127F-V2R mutant is almost exclusively located intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and very few receptors were detected at the cell surface, where the receptor can bind to AVP. The overexpressed S127F-V2R mutant receptor has negligible cAMP generation capability compared to the wild-type receptor in response to AVP stimulation. Since certain misfolded mutant proteins, that are retained in the ER, can be rescued by pharmacological chaperones, we examined the potential rescue effects of two pharmacochaperones on the S127F-V2R. We found that pretreatment with both tolvaptan (an established V2R inverse agonist) and MCF14 compound (a cell-permeable high-affinity agonist for the V2R) were capable of partially restoring the cAMP generating function of the receptor in response to vasopressin stimulation. According to our data, both cell permeant agonists and antagonists can function as pharmacochaperones, and serve as the starting compounds to develop medicines for patients carrying the S127F mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Szalai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Sziráki
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Dávid Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire D'Innovation Thérapeutique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), UMR7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Bernard Mouillac
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Hunyady, ; András Balla,
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Hunyady, ; András Balla,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ulloa-Aguirre A, Zariñán T, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Tao YX. Targeting trafficking as a therapeutic avenue for misfolded GPCRs leading to endocrine diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:934685. [PMID: 36093106 PMCID: PMC9452723 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.934685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are plasma membrane proteins associated with an array of functions. Mutations in these receptors lead to a number of genetic diseases, including diseases involving the endocrine system. A particular subset of loss-of-function mutant GPCRs are misfolded receptors unable to traffic to their site of function (i.e. the cell surface plasma membrane). Endocrine disorders in humans caused by GPCR misfolding include, among others, hypo- and hyper-gonadotropic hypogonadism, morbid obesity, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, congenital hypothyroidism, and familial glucocorticoid resistance. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches have been employed to restore function of some misfolded GPCRs linked to endocrine disfunction. The most promising approach is by employing pharmacological chaperones or pharmacoperones, which assist abnormally and incompletely folded proteins to refold correctly and adopt a more stable configuration to pass the scrutiny of the cell's quality control system, thereby correcting misrouting. This review covers the most important aspects that regulate folding and traffic of newly synthesized proteins, as well as the experimental approaches targeted to overcome protein misfolding, with special focus on GPCRs involved in endocrine diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), National University of Mexico and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre,
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), National University of Mexico and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), National University of Mexico and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karaduman T, Özcan Türkmen M, Ozer ES, Ergin B, Saglam B, Erdem Tuncdemir B, Mergen H. Functional analysis of AQP2 mutants found in patients with diabetes insipidus. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Ayala-Torres C, Krug SM, Rosenthal R, Fromm M. Angulin-1 (LSR) Affects Paracellular Water Transport, However Only in Tight Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157827. [PMID: 34360593 PMCID: PMC8346120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water transport in epithelia occurs transcellularly (aquaporins) and paracellularly (claudin-2, claudin-15). Recently, we showed that downregulated tricellulin, a protein of the tricellular tight junction (tTJ, the site where three epithelial cells meet), increased transepithelial water flux. We now check the hypothesis that another tTJ-associated protein, angulin-1 (alias lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor, LSR) is a direct negative actuator of tTJ water permeability depending on the tightness of the epithelium. For this, a tight and an intermediate-tight epithelial cell line, MDCK C7 and HT-29/B6, were stably transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 and single-guide RNA targeting angulin-1 and morphologically and functionally characterized. Water flux induced by an osmotic gradient using 4-kDa dextran caused water flux to increase in angulin-1 KO clones in MDCK C7 cells, but not in HT-29/B6 cells. In addition, we found that water permeability in HT-29/B6 cells was not modified after either angulin-1 knockout or tricellulin knockdown, which may be related to the presence of other pathways, which reduce the impact of the tTJ pathway. In conclusion, modulation of the tTJ by knockout or knockdown of tTJ proteins affects ion and macromolecule permeability in tight and intermediate-tight epithelial cell lines, while the transepithelial water permeability was affected only in tight cell lines.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bissonnette P, Lussier Y, Matar J, Leduc‐Nadeau A, Da Cal S, Arthus M, Unwin RJ, Steinke J, Rangaswamy D, Bichet DG. Further evidence for functional recovery of AQP2 mutations associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14866. [PMID: 34120413 PMCID: PMC8198467 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a homotetrameric water channel responsible for the final water reuptake in the kidney. Disease-causing AQP2 mutations induce nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a condition that challenges the bodily water balance by producing large urinary volumes. In this study, we characterize three new AQP2 mutations identified in our lab from NDI patients (A120D, A130V, T179N) along the previously reported A47V variant. Using Xenopus oocytes, we compared the key functional and biochemical features of these mutations against classical recessive (R187C) and dominant (R254Q) forms, and once again found clear functional recovery features (increased protein stability and function) for all mutations under study. This behaviour, attributed to heteromerization to wt-AQP2, challenge the classical model to NDI which often depicts recessive mutations as ill-structured proteins unable to oligomerize. Consequently, we propose a revised model to the cell pathophysiology of AQP2-related NDI which accounts for the functional recovery of recessive AQP2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bissonnette
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Yoann Lussier
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Jessica Matar
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Sandra Da Cal
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Robert J. Unwin
- Department of Renal MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Julia Steinke
- Division of Pediatric NephrologyHelen DeVos Children’s Hospital and ClinicsGrand RapidsMIUSA
| | - Dharshan Rangaswamy
- Department of NephrologyKasturba Medical CollegeKasturba HospitalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Daniel G. Bichet
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Centre de RechercheHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Guo W, Fang C, Feng W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Liu M, Cui J. Functional characterization of a loss-of-function mutant I324M of arginine vasopressin receptor 2 in X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11057. [PMID: 34040143 PMCID: PMC8154955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (X-linked NDI) is a rare inherited disease mainly caused by lost-of-function mutations in human AVPR2 gene encoding arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R). Our focus of the current study is on exploration of the functional and biochemical properties of Ile324Met (I324M) mutation identified in a pedigree showing as typical recessive X-linked NDI. We demonstrated that I324M mutation interfered with the conformation of complex glycosylation of V2R. Moreover, almost all of the I324M-V2R failed to express on the cell surface due to being captured by the endoplasmic reticulum control system. We further examined the signaling activity of DDAVP-medicated cAMP and ERK1/2 pathways and the results revealed that the mutant receptor lost the ability in response to DDAVP stimulation contributed to the failure of accumulation of cAMP and phosphorylated ERK1/2. Based on the characteristics of molecular defects of I324M mutant, we selected two reagents (SR49059 and alvespimycin) to determine whether the functions of I324M-V2R can be restored and we found that both compounds can significantly “rescue” I324M mutation. Our findings may provide further insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of AVPR2 gene mutations and may offer some implications on development of promising treatments for patients with X-linked NDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chunyun Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jingqiu Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jung SR, Park SY, Koh JH, Kim JY. Lithium enhances exercise-induced glycogen breakdown and insulin-induced AKT activation to facilitate glucose uptake in rodent skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:673-682. [PMID: 33660027 PMCID: PMC8049887 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium on glucose disposal in a high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) animal model along with low-volume exercise and low-dose insulin. Lithium decreased body weight, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels when to treat with low-volume exercise training; however, there were no adaptive responses like an increase in GLUT4 content and translocation factor levels. We discovered that lithium enhanced glucose uptake by acute low-volume exercise-induced glycogen breakdown, which was facilitated by the dephosphorylation of serine 473-AKT (Ser473-AKT) and serine 9-GSK3β. In streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice, Li/low-dose insulin facilitates glucose uptake through increase the level of exocyst complex component 7 (Exoc7) and Ser473-AKT. Thus, lithium enhances acute exercise-induced glycogen breakdown and insulin-induced AKT activation and could serve as a candidate therapeutic target to regulate glucose level of DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ryun Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol-Yi Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Koh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang L, Ma L, Li L, Luo J, Sun T. Case Report: A Case of Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused by Thr273Met Mutation in Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 2. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:707452. [PMID: 34336746 PMCID: PMC8319565 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.707452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare hereditary tubular dysfunction caused mainly by X-linked recessive inheritance of AVPR2 gene mutations. Pathogenic genes are a result of mutations in AVPR2 on chromosome Xq28 and in AQP2 on chromosome 12q13. The clinical manifestations of CNDI include polyuria, compensatory polydipsia, thirst, irritability, constipation, developmental delay, mental retardation, persistent decrease in the specific gravity of urine, dehydration, and electrolyte disorders (hypernatremia and hyperchloremia). Herein, we report a rare case of CNDI caused by an AVPR2 mutation in a 2-year-old Chinese boy who had sustained polyuria, polydipsia, and irritability for more than 20 months. Laboratory examinations showed no obvious abnormality in blood sodium and chloride levels but decreased urine osmolality and specific gravity. Imaging findings were also normal. However, genetic analysis revealed a C > T transition leading to T273M missense mutations in AVPR2. We provided the boy a low-sodium diet and administered oral hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin for 1 month, after which his clinical symptoms significantly improved. This case report suggests that CNDI is characterized by pathogenic T273M missense mutations alone and expands our understanding of the pathogenesis of CNDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Gansu Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Gansu Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linjing Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Gansu Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Luo
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Gansu Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianhong Sun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Gansu Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin FT, Li J, Xu BL, Yang XX, Wang F. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to the mutation in AVPR2 (c.541C>T) in a neonate: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:6418-6424. [PMID: 33392325 PMCID: PMC7760441 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i24.6418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare hereditary renal disorder that is caused by mutations in AVPR2 or aquaporin 2 (AQP2). Up to now, there are few reports about CNDI in neonates. Early clinical manifestations of CNDI in neonates are atypical. A lack of understanding of the disease by clinicians causes frequent misdiagnoses or missed diagnoses, which may result in failure to administer treatments in time and ultimately leads to severe complications. In this study, clinical data of a case of AVPR2 gene mutation-induced CNDI, which was confirmed by genetic testing, were retrospectively analyzed to improve our understanding of this disease.
CASE SUMMARY On February 1, 2020, a male neonate was hospitalized 17 d after birth due to a 7 d period of pyrexia. The patient’s symptoms included recurrent pyrexia, hypernatremia and hyperchloremia, which were difficult to treat. The patient was fed on demand, and water was additionally provided between milk intakes. A combination treatment of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride was administered. After the treatment, body temperature and electrolyte levels returned to normal, the volume of urine was significantly reduced and the patient was subsequently discharged. Genetic tests confirmed that the patient carried the AVPR2 gene missense mutation c.541C>T (P.R181C), and the patient’s mother carried a heterozygous mutation at the same locus. After clinical treatment with a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride, the body temperature and electrolyte levels returned to normal. Up until the most recent follow-up examination, normal body temperature, electrolyte levels and growth and development were observed.
CONCLUSION CNDI in the neonatal period is rare, and its clinical manifestations are unspecific with some patients merely showing recurrent fever and electrolyte disturbance. Genetic testing of AVPR2 and AQP2 can be used for screening and genetic diagnosis of CNDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Tao Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Bang-Li Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sollid JE, Joshi S, Pulczynska Wason M, Rittig S, Hvarregaard Christensen J, Kamperis K. Novel Variant of AVPR2 Giving Rise to X-Linked Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in a 7-Month-Old Danish Boy. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2020; 10:124-129. [PMID: 33251249 PMCID: PMC7670377 DOI: 10.1159/000508786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients affected with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) have reduced ability to concentrate urine. Early diagnosis of CNDI is important to avoid recurrent episodes of severe dehydration. We present a Danish male suffering from typical symptoms and diagnosed with CNDI at the age of 7 months. Gene sequencing of this proband and his mother revealed a novel variant in the gene encoding the antidiuretic hormone receptor (AVPR2). The variant is a deletion of nucleotide c.151 in exon 2 of AVPR2 (GenBank NM_000054.4:c.151del). This 1bp deletion is predicted to cause a frameshift that results in tryptophan replacing valine at position 51 in AVPR2 and a premature stop codon three codons downstream (p.Val51Trpfs*3) likely resulting in faulty expression of the receptor. Identification of disease-causing variants such as the one described here contributes to precise diagnosis, especially in carriers and newborns, thus preventing the long-term physical and intellectual disability observed in some CNDI-patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivani Joshi
- Child and Youth Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Rittig
- Child and Youth Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Konstantinos Kamperis
- Child and Youth Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hadidi H, Kamali R, Binesh A. Dynamics and energetics of water transport through aquaporin mutants causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI): A molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1273-1284. [PMID: 33030091 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1824813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is the principal water channel in the human kidney. Any alteration of its physiological functioning may lead to the water imbalance and consequently diseases in humans, especially nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Although many of the mutations associated with NDI are experimentally discovered and examined, a molecular level characterization of the structure and transport mechanism is still missing. In this paper, the gating effects of selectivity filter (SF) as wide/narrow states on the mechanism and dynamics of water permeation within the wild-type AQP2 and two NDI causing mutants as AQP2-V168M and AQP2-G64R are studied for the first time. The analysis of the 200 ns trajectory shows that the SF region in AQP2 is not only a selectivity filter, as previously reported but also it performs as a gating site depending on the side-chain conformation of His172. The assignment of the wide/narrow states of SF is supported by computing the free energy and permeability through the AQP2. Moreover, by exploring the effects of V168M and G64R mutants on the AQP2 structure during 200 ns trajectories, remarkable increases of energy barriers are observed in the middle and cytoplasmic side of the pore, respectively. Interestingly, it is found that due to the variable conformations of the SF region as wide/narrow, the effect of the NDI causing mutants on the average water permeability can be revealed with notably better accuracy by finding the wide states in the wild-type and mutated types of AQP2 and comparing the osmotic permeabilities for this state.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Hadidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Reza Kamali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Alireza Binesh
- Department of Hydro-Aerodynamics, Malek-e-Ashtar University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Krishnamurthy A, Bhattacharya S, Lathia T, Kantroo V, Kalra S, Dutta D. Anticancer Medications and Sodium Dysmetabolism. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 16:122-130. [PMID: 33117443 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2020.16.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances have revolutionised cancer treatment over the last two decades, but despite improved survival and outcomes, adverse effects to anticancer therapy such as dyselectrolytaemias do occur and need to be managed appropriately. This review explores essential aspects of sodium homeostasis in cancer with a focus on alterations arising from anticancer medications. Sodium and water balance are tightly regulated by close interplay of stimuli arising from hypothalamic osmoreceptors, arterial and atrial baroreceptors and the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus. This delicate balance can be disrupted by cancer itself, as well as the medications used to treat it. Some of the conventional chemotherapeutics, such as alkylating agents and platinum-based drugs, can cause hyponatraemia and, on rare occasions, hypernatraemia. Other conventional agents such as vinca alkaloids, as well as newer targeted cancer therapies including small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, can cause hyponatraemia, usually as a result of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Hyponatraemia can also sometimes occur secondarily to drug-induced hypocortisolism or salt-wasting syndromes. Another atypical but distinct mechanism for hyponatraemia is via pituitary dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hypernatraemia is uncommon and occasionally ensues as a result of drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Identification of the aetiology and appropriate management of these conditions, in addition to averting treatment-related problems, can be lifesaving in critical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnamurthy
- Endocrinology Department, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Saptarshi Bhattacharya
- Endocrinology Department, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejal Lathia
- Endocrinology Department, Fortis Hospital, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viny Kantroo
- Respiratory Department, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Endocrinology Department, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Deep Dutta
- CEDAR Superspeciality Clinics, Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Characterization of five novel vasopressin V2 receptor mutants causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus reveals a role of tolvaptan for M272R-V2R mutation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16383. [PMID: 33009446 PMCID: PMC7532466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare tubulopathy characterized by urinary concentration defect due to renal resistance to vasopressin. Loss-of-function mutations of vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) gene (AVPR2) is the most common cause of the disease. We have identified five novel mutations L86P, R113Q, C192S, M272R, and W323_I324insR from NDI-affected patients. Functional characterization of these mutants revealed that R113Q and C192S were normally localized at the basolateral membrane of polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells and presented proper glycosylation maturation. On the other side, L86P, M272R, and W323_I324insR mutants were retained in endoplasmic reticulum and exhibited immature glycosylation and considerably reduced stability. All five mutants were resistant to administration of vasopressin analogues as evaluated by defective response in cAMP release. In order to rescue the function of the mutated V2R, we tested VX-809, sildenafil citrate, ibuprofen and tolvaptan in MDCK cells. Among these, tolvaptan was effective in rescuing the function of M272R mutation, by both allowing proper glycosylation maturation, membrane sorting and response to dDAVP. These results show an important proof of concept for the use of tolvaptan in patients affected by M272R mutation of V2R causing NDI.
Collapse
|
21
|
AQP2: Mutations Associated with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Regulation by Post-Translational Modifications and Protein-Protein Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102172. [PMID: 32993088 PMCID: PMC7599609 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
, the molecular defects in the AVPR2 and AQP2 mutants, post-translational modifications (i.e., phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) and various protein-protein interactions that regulate phosphorylation, ubiquitination, tetramerization, trafficking, stability, and degradation of AQP2.
Collapse
|
22
|
Park J, Cheon W, Kim K. Effects of Long-Term Endurance Exercise and Lithium Treatment on Neuroprotective Factors in Hippocampus of Obese Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093317. [PMID: 32397675 PMCID: PMC7246857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of long-term lithium treatment and low intensity endurance exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) activity in the hippocampus of obese rats. Fifty 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected. There was a control group of 10 rats (chow control group) while the other forty rats were fed on a high-fat diet for eight weeks to induce obesity. Rats were then assigned into four random groups. The rats were given 10 mg/kg lithium chloride (LiCl) dissolved in 1 mL sterile distilled water once a day, 5 times a week. The rats did 20 min of treadmill walking with an exercise intensity of 40% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) (12 m/min, slope 0%). This was performed for 20 min a day, 3 days a week. Twelve weeks of lithium treatment or endurance exercise significantly reduced body weight and body fat mass in obese rats, without showing additive effects when the treatments were given in parallel or significant toxic responses in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in blood and kidney and liver tissues. BDNF expression in the hippocampus was significantly increased both in exercise and lithium groups with synergistic effects found in the group where both exercise and lithium treatments were given in parallel. On the other hand, the decrease in GSK3β activity was shown only in the lithium treatment group, without showing additive effects when the treatments were given in parallel. Lithium and low-intensity endurance exercise for 12 weeks increased the expression of BDNF, a neuroprotective factor in the hippocampus of obese mice. Lithium treatment alone inhibited the activity of GSK3β. This can be interpreted as a positive indication of applicability of the two factors in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jusik Park
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Wookwang Cheon
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-5256
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Systematic review and practical guideline for the prevention and management of the renal side effects of lithium therapy. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 31:16-32. [PMID: 31837914 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the first line therapy of bipolar mood disorder. Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI) and lithium nephropathy (Li-NP, i.e., renal insufficiency) are prevalent side effects of lithium therapy, with significant morbidity. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of preventive and management strategies for Li-NDI and Li-NP. For this, the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews was used. Papers on the prevention and/or treatment of Li-NDI or Li-NP, and (influenceable) risk factors for development of Li-NDI or Li-NP were included. We found that the amount of evidence on prevention and treatment of Li-NDI and Li-NP is scarce. To prevent Li-NDI and Li-NP we advise to use a once-daily dosing schedule, target the lowest serum lithium level that is effective and prevent lithium intoxication. We emphasize the importance of monitoring for Li-NDI and Li-NP, as early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further progression and permanent damage. Collaboration between psychiatrist, nephrologist and patients themselves is essential. In patients with Li-NDI and/or Li-NP cessation of lithium therapy and/or switch to another mood stabilizer should be considered. In patients with Li-NDI, off label therapy with amiloride can be useful.
Collapse
|
24
|
Protein misfolding in endoplasmic reticulum stress with applications to renal diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 31928726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding may be the result of a variety of different processes that disrupt the ability of a protein to form a thermodynamically stable tertiary structure that allows it to perform its proper function. In this chapter, we explore the nature of a protein's form that allows it to have a stable tertiary structure, and examine specific mutation that are known to occur in the coding regions of DNA that disrupt a protein's ability to be folded into a thermodynamically stable tertiary structure. We examine the consequences of these protein misfoldings in terms of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and resulting unfolded protein response. These conditions are specifically related to renal diseases. Further, we explore novel therapeutics, pharmacological chaperones, that are being developed to alleviate the disease burden associated with protein misfolding caused by mutations. These interventions aim to stabilize protein folding intermediates and allow proper folding to occur as well as prevent protein aggregation and the resulting pathophysiological consequences.
Collapse
|
25
|
Feng J, Yan S, Chen Y, Han L, Wen L, Guo X, Wen Y, Li Y, He X, Han Z, Ren C, Jia Z, Guo Z, Zhai R, Wu J, Wen J. Aquaporin1-3 expression in normal and hydronephrotic kidneys in the human fetus. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:595-602. [PMID: 31261369 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased expression of the renal aquaporin (AQP) protein family is associated with hydronephrosis in adult humans and animals. However, the expression of AQPs, especially subtypes AQP1-3, which play a core role in the urinary concentration function, in hydronephrotic human fetuses is not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of the AQP1-3 in normal and hydronephrotic human fetal kidneys. METHODS Twenty-one normal and six hydronephrotic kidney (HK) samples were harvested from abortive fetuses. Meanwhile, seven normal adult human kidney samples were collected as positive controls. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of AQP1-3. RESULTS Both the protein and messenger mRNA expression levels of AQP1-3 increased with gestational age in the normal fetuses, but the levels were significantly lower than those in the adult tissues and significantly higher than those in the hydronephrotic fetuses at the same gestational age. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of AQP1-3 with gestational age in the fetal kidney may indicate maturation of the urinary concentrating ability. The lower expression of AQP1-3 in HKs may reflect a maturation obstacle with regard to urinary concentration in human hydronephrotic fetuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Feng
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wen
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangfei He
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongjiang Han
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanchuan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Guo
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongqun Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center and Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maroli N, Jayakrishnan A, Ramalingam Manoharan R, Kolandaivel P, Krishna K. Combined Inhibitory Effects of Citrinin, Ochratoxin-A, and T-2 Toxin on Aquaporin-2. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5755-5768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Giesecke T, Himmerkus N, Leipziger J, Bleich M, Koshimizu TA, Fähling M, Smorodchenko A, Shpak J, Knappe C, Isermann J, Ayasse N, Kawahara K, Schmoranzer J, Gimber N, Paliege A, Bachmann S, Mutig K. Vasopressin Increases Urinary Acidification via V1a Receptors in Collecting Duct Intercalated Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:946-961. [PMID: 31097611 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antagonists of the V1a vasopressin receptor (V1aR) are emerging as a strategy for slowing progression of CKD. Physiologically, V1aR signaling has been linked with acid-base homeostasis, but more detailed information is needed about renal V1aR distribution and function. METHODS We used a new anti-V1aR antibody and high-resolution microscopy to investigate Va1R distribution in rodent and human kidneys. To investigate whether V1aR activation promotes urinary H+ secretion, we used a V1aR agonist or antagonist to evaluate V1aR function in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats, bladder-catheterized mice, isolated collecting ducts, and cultured inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. RESULTS Localization of V1aR in rodent and human kidneys produced a basolateral signal in type A intercalated cells (A-ICs) and a perinuclear to subapical signal in type B intercalated cells of connecting tubules and collecting ducts. Treating vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats with a V1aR agonist decreased urinary pH and tripled net acid excretion; we observed a similar response in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, V1aR antagonist did not affect urinary pH in normal or acid-loaded mice. In ex vivo settings, basolateral treatment of isolated perfused medullary collecting ducts with the V1aR agonist or vasopressin increased intracellular calcium levels in ICs and decreased luminal pH, suggesting V1aR-dependent calcium release and stimulation of proton-secreting proteins. Basolateral treatment of IMCD cells with the V1aR agonist increased apical abundance of vacuolar H+-ATPase in A-ICs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that activation of V1aR contributes to urinary acidification via H+ secretion by A-ICs, which may have clinical implications for pharmacologic targeting of V1aR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Giesecke
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Taka-Aki Koshimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Michael Fähling
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Shpak
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Knappe
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Isermann
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Ayasse
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katsumasa Kawahara
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical BioImaging Core Facility, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Advanced Medical BioImaging Core Facility, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; .,Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Modulation of proteostasis and protein trafficking: a therapeutic avenue for misfolded G protein-coupled receptors causing disease in humans. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:39-52. [PMID: 33523195 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis refers to the process whereby the cell maintains in equilibrium the protein content of different compartments. This system consists of a highly interconnected network intended to efficiently regulate the synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation of newly synthesized proteins. Molecular chaperones are key players of the proteostasis network. These proteins assist in the assembly and folding processes of newly synthesized proteins in a concerted manner to achieve a three-dimensional structure compatible with export from the endoplasmic reticulum to other cell compartments. Pharmacologic interventions intended to modulate the proteostasis network and tackle the devastating effects of conformational diseases caused by protein misfolding are under development. These include small molecules called pharmacoperones, which are highly specific toward the target protein serving as a molecular framework to cause misfolded mutant proteins to fold and adopt a stable conformation suitable for passing the scrutiny of the quality control system and reach its correct location within the cell. Here, we review the main components of the proteostasis network and how pharmacoperones may be employed to correct misfolding of two G protein-coupled receptors, the vasopressin 2 receptor and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, whose mutations lead to X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans respectively.
Collapse
|
29
|
Peces R, Mena R, Peces C, Santos-Simarro F, Fernández L, Afonso S, Lapunzina P, Selgas R, Nevado J. Severe congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a compound heterozygote with a new large deletion of the AQP2 gene. A case report. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00568. [PMID: 30784238 PMCID: PMC6465731 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare condition characterized by severe polyuria, due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine in response to arginine vasopressin (AVP). In the majority of the cases, the disease shows an X‐linked inherited pattern, although an autosomal recessive inheritance was also observed. Methods We report a patient with a severe NDI diagnosed during the neonatal period. Because the patient was female without a family history of congenital NDI, her disease was thought to exhibit an autosomal recessive form. Results A full mutation analysis of AVP receptor 2 (AVPR2; MIM#300538) gene showed no mutations. However, direct Sanger sequencing of the aquaporin 2 (AQP2) revealed an apparently homozygous mutation at nucleotide position NM_000486.5:c.374C>T (p.Thr125Met) in exon 2. Further customized multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, and long‐range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing showed a heterozygous exonic deletion comprising exons 2, 3, and partially 4 of AQP2. Conclusion This is the first case of a compound heterozygote patient with a missense mutation involving NM_000486.5:exon2:c.374C>T (p.Thr125Met) and a gross deletion of at least exons 2, 3, and partially 4 on the AQP2 to present with a severe NDI phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Peces
- Nephrology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Mena
- La Paz University Hospital, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Basic Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Peces
- Information Technology Area, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- La Paz University Hospital, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Basic Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández
- La Paz University Hospital, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Basic Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Afonso
- Nephrology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- La Paz University Hospital, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Basic Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Nephrology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- La Paz University Hospital, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Basic Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Body fluid homeostasis is essential for normal life. In the maintenance of water balance, the most important factor and regulated process is the excretory function of the kidneys. The kidneys are capable to compensate not only the daily fluctuations of water intake but also the consequences of fluid loss (respiration, perspiration, sweating, hemorrhage). The final volume and osmolality of the excreted urine is set in the collecting duct via hormonal regulation. The hormone of water conservation is the vasopressin (AVP), and a large volume of urine is produced and excreted in the absence of AVP secretion or if AVP is ineffective in the kidneys. The aquaporin-2 water channel (AQP2) is expressed in the principal cells, and it plays an essential role in the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts via type 2 vasopressin receptor (V2R)-mediated mechanism. If neural or hormonal regulation fails to operate the normal function of AVP-V2R-AQP2 system, it can result in various diseases such as diabetes insipidus (DI) or nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate diuresis (NSIAD). The DI is characterized by excessive production of hyposmotic urine ("insipidus" means tasteless) due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. In this chapter, we focus and discuss the pathophysiology of nephrogenic DI (NDI) and the potential therapeutic interventions in the light of the current experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Balla
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Joshi S, Kvistgaard H, Kamperis K, Færch M, Hagstrøm S, Gregersen N, Rittig S, Christensen JH. Novel and recurrent variants in AVPR2 in 19 families with X-linked congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:1399-1405. [PMID: 29594432 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is characterized by the reduced ability of renal collecting duct cells to reabsorb water in response to the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin. Chronic polyuria and polydipsia are the hallmarks of the disease. Approximately 90% of all patients with CNDI have X-linked inherited disease caused by variants in the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene. We present genetic findings in 34 individuals from 19 kindreds including one or more family members with CNDI. Coding regions of AVPR2 were sequenced bi-directionally. We identified eight novel disease-causing variants in AVPR2, p.Arg68Alafs*124, p.Ser171Arg, p.Gln174Pro, p.Trp200Arg, p.Gly201Cys, p.Gly220Arg, p.Val226Glu, and p.Gln291Pro in nine kindreds. In all three families with more than one affected individual, the novel variants segregated with the disease. We also identified eight recurrent disease-causing variants, p.Val88Met, p.Leu111Valfs*80, p.Arg113Trp, p.Tyr124*, p.Ser167Leu, p.Thr207Asn, p.Arg247Alafs*12, and p.Arg337* in ten kindreds. Our findings contribute to the growing list of AVPR2 variants causing X-linked CNDI. CONCLUSION Being a rapid diagnostic tool for CNDI, direct sequencing of AVPR2 should be encouraged in newborns with familial predisposition to CNDI. What is Known: • Disease-causing variants in AVPR2 cause X-linked congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI). • DNA sequencing of AVPR2 is rapid, facilitates differential diagnosis, early intervention, and genetic diagnosis thus reducing morbidity in CNDI. What is New: • We identified eight novel disease-causing variants in AVPR2: p.Arg68Alafs*124, p.Ser171Arg, p.Gln174Pro, p.Trp200Arg, p.Gly201Cys, p.Gly220Arg, p.Val226Glu, and p.Gln291Pro, thereby adding to the growing list of AVPR2 disease-causing variants and emphasizing the importance of genetic testing in CNDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Helene Kvistgaard
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Kamperis
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mia Færch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Hagstrøm
- Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Rittig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jane Hvarregaard Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hou ZS, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Tao YX. Pharmacoperone drugs: targeting misfolded proteins causing lysosomal storage-, ion channels-, and G protein-coupled receptors-associated conformational disorders. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:611-624. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1480367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Baturina GS, Katkova LE, Kolosova NG, Solenov EI. Age-Related Changes in Water Transport by Corneal Endothelial Cells in Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057018020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Erdem B, Schulz A, Saglar E, Deniz F, Schöneberg T, Mergen H. Functional characterization of AVPR2 mutants found in Turkish patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:56-64. [PMID: 29117938 PMCID: PMC5744627 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder characterized by an impairment in water balance because of the inability to concentrate urine. While central diabetes insipidus is caused by mutations in the AVP, the reason for genetically determined nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be mutations in AQP2 or AVPR2 After release of AVP from posterior pituitary into blood stream, it binds to AVPR2, which is one of the receptors for AVP and is mainly expressed in principal cells of collecting ducts of kidney. Receptor activation increases cAMP levels in principal cells, resulting in the incorporation of AQP2 into the membrane, finally increasing water reabsorption. This pathway can be altered by mutations in AVPR2 causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In this study, we functionally characterize four mutations (R68W, ΔR67-G69/G107W, V162A and T273M) in AVPR2, which were found in Turkish patients. Upon AVP stimulation, R68W, ΔR67-G69/G107W and T273M showed a significantly reduced maximum in cAMP response compared to wild-type receptor. All mutant receptor proteins were expressed at the protein level; however, R68W, ΔR67-G69/G107W and T273M were partially retained in the cellular interior. Immunofluorescence studies showed that these mutant receptors were trapped in ER and Golgi apparatus. The function of V162A was indistinguishable from the indicating other defects causing disease. The results are important for understanding the influence of mutations on receptor function and cellular trafficking. Therefore, characterization of these mutations provides useful information for further studies addressing treatment of intracellularly trapped receptors with cell-permeable antagonists to restore receptor function in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beril Erdem
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Angela Schulz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emel Saglar
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Deniz
- Department of EndocrinologySBÜ Sultan Abdülhamid Han Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hatice Mergen
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Milano S, Carmosino M, Gerbino A, Svelto M, Procino G. Hereditary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Pathophysiology and Possible Treatment. An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112385. [PMID: 29125546 PMCID: PMC5713354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, excessive loss of water through the urine is prevented by the release of the antidiuretic hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) from the posterior pituitary. In the kidney, AVP elicits a number of cellular responses, which converge on increasing the osmotic reabsorption of water in the collecting duct. One of the key events triggered by the binding of AVP to its type-2 receptor (AVPR2) is the exocytosis of the water channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) at the apical membrane the principal cells of the collecting duct. Mutations of either AVPR2 or AQP2 result in a genetic disease known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by the lack of responsiveness of the collecting duct to the antidiuretic action of AVP. The affected subject, being incapable of concentrating the urine, presents marked polyuria and compensatory polydipsia and is constantly at risk of severe dehydration. The molecular bases of the disease are fully uncovered, as well as the genetic or clinical tests for a prompt diagnosis of the disease in newborns. A real cure for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is still missing, and the main symptoms of the disease are handled with s continuous supply of water, a restrictive diet, and nonspecific drugs. Unfortunately, the current therapeutic options are limited and only partially beneficial. Further investigation in vitro or using the available animal models of the disease, combined with clinical trials, will eventually lead to the identification of one or more targeted strategies that will improve or replace the current conventional therapy and grant NDI patients a better quality of life. Here we provide an updated overview of the genetic defects causing NDI, the most recent strategies under investigation for rescuing the activity of mutated AVPR2 or AQP2, or for bypassing defective AVPR2 signaling and restoring AQP2 plasma membrane expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Trimpert C, Wesche D, de Groot T, Pimentel Rodriguez MM, Wong V, van den Berg DTM, Cheval L, Ariza CA, Doucet A, Stagljar I, Deen PMT. NDFIP allows NEDD4/NEDD4L-induced AQP2 ubiquitination and degradation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183774. [PMID: 28931009 PMCID: PMC5606929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of our water homeostasis is fine-tuned by dynamic translocation of Aquaporin-2 (AQP2)-bearing vesicles to and from the plasma membrane of renal principal cells. Whereas binding of vasopressin to its type-2 receptor initiates a cAMP-protein kinase A cascade and AQP2 translocation to the apical membrane, this is counteracted by protein kinase C-activating hormones, resulting in ubiquitination-dependent internalization of AQP2. The proteins targeting AQP2 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation are unknown. In collecting duct mpkCCD cells, siRNA knockdown of NEDD4 and NEDD4L E3 ligases yielded increased AQP2 abundance, but they did not bind AQP2. Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid assays using full-length AQP2 as bait, identified NEDD4 family interacting protein 2 (NDFIP2) to bind AQP2. NDFIP2 and its homologue NDFIP1 have PY motifs by which they bind NEDD4 family members and bring them close to target proteins. In HEK293 cells, NDFIP1 and NDFIP2 bound AQP2 and were essential for NEDD4/NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of AQP2, an effect not observed with PY-lacking NDFIP1/2 proteins. In mpkCCD cells, downregulation of NDFIP1, NEDD4 and NEDD4L, but not NDFIP2, increased AQP2 abundance. In mouse kidney, Ndfip1 and Ndfip2 mRNA distribution was similar and high in proximal tubules and collecting ducts, which was also found for NDFIP1 proteins. Our results reveal that NEDD4/NEDD4L mediate ubiquitination and degradation of AQP2, but that NDFIP proteins are needed to connect NEDD4/NEDD4L to AQP2. As NDFIP1/2 bind many NEDD4 family E3 ligases, which are implicated in several cellular processes, NDFIP1/2 may be the missing link for AQP2 ubiquitination and degradation from different subcellular locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Trimpert
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Wesche
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martha M. Pimentel Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lydie Cheval
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Carolina A. Ariza
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Doucet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter M. T. Deen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bachmann S, Mutig K. Regulation of renal Na-(K)-Cl cotransporters by vasopressin. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:889-897. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by polyuria and polydipsia due to inadequate release of arginine vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus) or due to arginine vasopressin insensitivity by the renal distal tubule, leading to a deficiency in tubular water reabsorption (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). This article reviews the genetics of diabetes insipidus in the context of its diagnosis, clinical presentation, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Helene Schernthaner-Reiter
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria; Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anton Luger
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li Y, Wang W, Jiang T, Yang B. Aquaporins in Urinary System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:131-148. [PMID: 28258571 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several aquaporin (AQP )-type water channels are expressed in kidney: AQP1 in the proximal tubule, thin descending limb of Henle, and vasa recta; AQP2 -6 in the collecting duct; AQP7 in the proximal tubule; AQP8 in the proximal tubule and collecting duct; and AQP11 in the endoplasmic reticulum of proximal tubule cells. AQP2 is the vasopressin-regulated water channel that is important in hereditary and acquired diseases affecting urine-concentrating ability. The roles of AQPs in renal physiology and transepithelial water transport have been determined using AQP knockout mouse models. This chapter describes renal physiologic insights revealed by phenotypic analysis of AQP knockout mice and the prospects for further basic and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) as a water channel, more than 2,000 articles, reviews and chapters have been published. The wide tissue expression, functional and biological roles have documented the major and essential physiological importance of these channels both in health and disease. Thus, over the years, studies have revealed essential importance of aquaporins in mammalian pathophysiology revealing aquaporins as potential drug targets. Areas covered: Starting from a brief description of the main structural and functional features of aquaporins, their roles in physiology and pathophysiology of different human diseases, this review describes the main classes of small molecules and biologicals patented, published from 2010 to 2015, able to regulate AQPs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Expert opinion: Several patents report on AQP modulators, mostly inhibitors, and related pharmaceutical formulations, to be used for treatments of water imbalance disorders, such as edema. Noteworthy, a unique class of gold-based compounds as selective inhibitors of aquaglyceroporin isoforms may provide new chemical tools for therapeutic applications, especially in cancer. AQP4-targeted therapies for neuromyelitis optica, enhancement of AQP2 function for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and AQP1-5 gene transfer for the Sjogren's syndrome represent promising therapies that deserve further investigation by clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graça Soveral
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Angela Casini
- b School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Functional Recovery of AQP2 Recessive Mutations Through Hetero-Oligomerization with Wild-Type Counterpart. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33298. [PMID: 27641679 PMCID: PMC5027563 DOI: 10.1038/srep33298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a homotetrameric water channel responsible for the final water reuptake in the kidney. Mutations in the protein induce nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), which challenges the water balance by producing large urinary volumes. Although recessive AQP2 mutations are believed to generate non-functional and monomeric proteins, the literature identifies several mild mutations which suggest the existence of mixed wt/mut tetramers likely to carry function in heterozygotes. Using Xenopus oocytes, we tested this hypothesis and found that mild mutants (V24A, D150E) can associate with wt-AQP2 in mixed heteromers, providing clear functional gain in the process (62 ± 17% and 63 ± 17% increases, respectively), conversely to the strong monomeric R187C mutant which fails to associate with wt-AQP2. In kidney cells, both V24A and D150E display restored targeting while R187C remains in intracellular stores. Using a collection of mutations to expand recovery analyses, we demonstrate that inter-unit contacts are central to this recovery process. These results not only present the ground data for the functional recovery of recessive AQP2 mutants through heteromerization, which prompt to revisit the accepted NDI model, but more importantly describe a general recovery process that could impact on all multimeric systems where recessive mutations are found.
Collapse
|
42
|
Makita N, Sato T, Yajima-Shoji Y, Sato J, Manaka K, Eda-Hashimoto M, Ootaki M, Matsumoto N, Nangaku M, Iiri T. Analysis of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor (V2R) Mutations Causing Partial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Highlights a Sustainable Signaling by a Non-peptide V2R Agonist. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22460-22471. [PMID: 27601473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-causing mutations in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, including the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) gene, often cause misfolded receptors, leading to a defect in plasma membrane trafficking. A novel V2R mutation, T273M, identified in a boy with partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), shows intracellular localization and partial defects similar to the two mutants we described previously (10). Although non-peptide V2R antagonists have been shown to rescue the membrane localization of V2R mutants, their level of functional rescue is weak. Interestingly, it has been reported that a non-peptide agonist, OPC51803, activates misfolded V2R mutants intracellularly without degradation, thus potentially serving as a therapeutic agent against NDI (14). In our current experiments, however, a peptide antagonist blocked arginine vasopressin (AVP)- or OPC51803-stimulated cAMP accumulation both in COS-7 and MDCK cells, suggesting that OPC51803 mainly stimulates cell surface V2R mutants. In addition, our analyses revealed that OPC51803 works not only as a non-peptide agonist that causes activation/β-arrestin-dependent desensitization of V2R mutants expressed at the plasma membrane but also as a pharmacochaperone that promotes the endoplasmic reticulum-retained mutant maturation and trafficking to the plasma membrane. The ratio of the pharmacochaperone effect to the desensitization effect likely correlates negatively with the residual function of the tested mutants, suggesting that OPC5 has a more favorable effect on the V2R mutants with a less residual function. We speculated that the canceling of the desensitization effect of OPC51803 by the pharmacochaperone effect after long-term treatment may produce sustainable signaling, and thus pharmacochaperone agonists such as OPC51803 may serve as promising therapeutics for NDI caused by misfolded V2R mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Makita
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan,
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- the Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562 Japan, and
| | - Yuki Yajima-Shoji
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Junichiro Sato
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsunori Manaka
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makiko Eda-Hashimoto
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masanori Ootaki
- the Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- the Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taroh Iiri
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, .,the Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zheng P, Lin Y, Wang F, Luo R, Zhang T, Hu S, Feng P, Liang X, Li C, Wang W. 4-PBA improves lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by attenuating ER stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F763-F776. [PMID: 27385737 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00225.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in some types of glomerular and tubular disorders. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the role of ER stress in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and to investigate whether attenuation of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) improves urinary concentrating defect in lithium-treated rats. Wistar rats received lithium (40 mmol/kg food), 4-PBA (320 mg/kg body wt by gavage every day), or no treatment (control) for 2 wk, and they were dehydrated for 24 h before euthanasia. Lithium treatment resulted in increased urine output and decreased urinary osmolality, which was significantly improved by 4-PBA. 4-PBA also prevented reduced protein expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2), pS256-AQP2, and pS261-AQP2 in the inner medulla of kidneys from lithium-treated rats after 24-h dehydration. Lithium treatment resulted in increased expression of ER stress markers in the inner medulla, which was associated with dilated cisternae and expansion of ER in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) principal cells. Confocal immunofluorescence studies showed colocalization of a molecular chaperone, binding IgG protein (BiP), with AQP2 in principal cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased intracellular expression of BiP and decreased AQP2 expression in IMCD principal cells of kidneys from lithium-treated rats. 4-PBA attenuated expression of ER stress markers and recovered ER morphology. In IMCD suspensions isolated from lithium-treated rats, 4-PBA incubation was also associated with increased AQP2 expression and ameliorated ER stress. In conclusion, in experimental lithium-induced NDI, 4-PBA improved the urinary concentrating defect and increased AQP2 expression, likely via attenuating ER stress in IMCD principal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peili Zheng
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renfei Luo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiezheng Zhang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinning Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Effect of Glycyrrhiza on the Diuretic Function of Euphorbia kansui: An Ascites Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7620817. [PMID: 27247609 PMCID: PMC4876214 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7620817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic role of the herbal combination Euphorbia kansui (GS) and Glycyrrhiza (GC) in ascites during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The AVPR2 and AQP2 expression in kidney tissues of ascites mice in different groups was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR analyses. When the dose of GS was less than 0.70 g/kg at a ratio of GC : GS not exceeding 0.4 : 1, the combination of GS and GC exhibited synergistic effects on HCC ascites and significantly elevated the expression levels of AVPR2 and AQP2 (all P < 0.05). On the contrary, when GS ≥ 0.93 g/kg and GC ≥ 1.03 g/kg with the GC-to-GS ratio exceeding 1.11 : 1, the combination of GS and GC displayed antagonistic effects on HCC ascites and dramatically reduced the expression levels of AVPR2 and AQP2 (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the administration of herbal pair GS and GC at different ratios did not exacerbate the pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues of HCC ascites mice. The different combinations of GS and GC exerted synergistic or antagonistic effects on HCC ascites, partially by regulating the expression of AVPR2 and AQP2.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a 13 member family (AQP0-12) of proteins that act as channels, through which water and, for some family members, glycerol, urea and other small solutes can be transported. Aquaporins are highly abundant in kidney epithelial cells where they play a critical role with respect to water balance. In this review we summarize the current knowledge with respect to the localization and function of AQPs within the kidney tubule, and their role in mammalian water homeostasis and the water balance disorders. Overviews of practical aspects with regard to differential diagnosis for some of these disorders, alongside treatment strategies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne B Moeller
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Cecilia H Fuglsang
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
García Castaño A, Pérez de Nanclares G, Madariaga L, Aguirre M, Chocron S, Madrid A, Lafita Tejedor FJ, Gil Campos M, Sánchez Del Pozo J, Ruiz Cano R, Espino M, Gomez Vida JM, Santos F, García Nieto VM, Loza R, Rodríguez LM, Hidalgo Barquero E, Printza N, Camacho JA, Castaño L, Ariceta G. Novel mutations associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. A clinical-genetic study. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:1373-85. [PMID: 25902753 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Molecular diagnosis is a useful diagnostic tool in primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), an inherited disease characterized by renal inability to concentrate urine. The AVPR2 and AQP2 genes were screened for mutations in a cohort of 25 patients with clinical diagnosis of NDI. Patients presented with dehydration, polyuria-polydipsia, failure to thrive (mean ± SD; Z-height -1.9 ± 2.1 and Z-weight -2.4 ± 1.7), severe hypernatremia (mean ± SD; Na 150 ± 10 mEq/L), increased plasma osmolality (mean ± SD; 311 ± 18 mOsm/Kg), but normal glomerular filtration rate. Genetic diagnosis revealed that 24 male patients were hemizygous for 17 different putative disease-causing mutations in the AVPR2 gene (each one in a different family). Of those, nine had not been previously reported, and eight were recurrent. Moreover, we found those same AVPR2 changes in 12 relatives who were heterozygous carriers. Further, in one female patient, AVPR2 gene study turned out to be negative and she was found to be homozygous for the novel AQP2 p.Ala86Val alteration. CONCLUSION Genetic analysis presumably confirmed the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in every patient of the studied cohort. We emphasize that we detected a high presence (50 %) of heterozygous females with clinical NDI symptoms. WHAT IS KNOWN • In most cases (90 %), inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is an X-linked disease, caused by mutations in the AVPR2 gene. • In rare occasions (10 %), it is caused by mutations in the AQP2 gene. What is new: • In this study, we report 10 novel mutations associated with NDI. • We have detected a high presence (50 %) of heterozygous carriers with clinical NDI symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leire Madariaga
- Paediatric Nephrology, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Odontology, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Mireia Aguirre
- Paediatric Nephrology, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Sara Chocron
- Paediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Madrid
- Paediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Mercedes Gil Campos
- Paediatric Research and Metabolism Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Jaime Sánchez Del Pozo
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ruiz Cano
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Albacete General University Hospital, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Mar Espino
- Paediatric Nephrology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Fernando Santos
- Paediatric Nephrology, Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | | | - Reyner Loza
- Nephrology Unit, Cayetano Heredia University, Cayetano Heredia Hospital, Lima, Peru.
| | | | | | - Nikoleta Printza
- Department of Paediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokratio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Luis Castaño
- BioCruces Institute, Ciberer, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Odontology, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain, .
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Paediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kortenoeven MLA, Pedersen NB, Rosenbaek LL, Fenton RA. Vasopressin regulation of sodium transport in the distal nephron and collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F280-99. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00093.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released from the posterior pituitary gland during states of hyperosmolality or hypovolemia. AVP is a peptide hormone, with antidiuretic and antinatriuretic properties. It allows the kidneys to increase body water retention predominantly by increasing the cell surface expression of aquaporin water channels in the collecting duct alongside increasing the osmotic driving forces for water reabsorption. The antinatriuretic effects of AVP are mediated by the regulation of sodium transport throughout the distal nephron, from the thick ascending limb through to the collecting duct, which in turn partially facilitates osmotic movement of water. In this review, we will discuss the regulatory role of AVP in sodium transport and summarize the effects of AVP on various molecular targets, including the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter NKCC2, the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter NCC, and the epithelial sodium channel ENaC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. A. Kortenoeven
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport (InterPrET), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N. B. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - L. L. Rosenbaek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. A. Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport (InterPrET), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nørregaard R, Tao S, Nilsson L, Woodgett JR, Kakade V, Yu ASL, Howard C, Rao R. Glycogen synthase kinase 3α regulates urine concentrating mechanism in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F650-60. [PMID: 25608967 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00516.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 comprises GSK3α and GSK3β isoforms. GSK3β has been shown to play a role in the ability of kidneys to concentrate urine by regulating vasopressin-mediated water permeability of collecting ducts, whereas the role of GSK3α has yet to be discerned. To investigate the role of GSK3α in urine concentration, we compared GSK3α knockout (GSK3αKO) mice with wild-type (WT) littermates. Under normal conditions, GSK3αKO mice had higher water intake and urine output. GSK3αKO mice also showed reduced urine osmolality and aquaporin-2 levels but higher urinary vasopressin. When water deprived, they failed to concentrate their urine to the same level as WT littermates. The addition of 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin to isolated inner medullary collecting ducts increased the cAMP response in WT mice, but this response was reduced in GSK3αKO mice, suggesting reduced responsiveness to vasopressin. Gene silencing of GSK3α in mpkCCD cells also reduced forskolin-induced aquaporin-2 expression. When treated with LiCl, an isoform nonselective inhibitor of GSK3 and known inducer of polyuria, WT mice developed significant polyuria within 6 days. However, in GSK3αKO mice, the polyuric response was markedly reduced. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that GSK3α could play a crucial role in renal urine concentration and suggest that GSK3α might be one of the initial targets of Li(+) in LiCl-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Nørregaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shixin Tao
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Line Nilsson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Vijayakumar Kakade
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Christiana Howard
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Reena Rao
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bonfrate L, Procino G, Wang DQH, Svelto M, Portincasa P. A novel therapeutic effect of statins on nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:265-82. [PMID: 25594563 PMCID: PMC4407600 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins competitively inhibit hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, resulting in reduced plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Recently, it has been shown that statins exert additional ‘pleiotropic’ effects by increasing expression levels of the membrane water channels aquaporin 2 (AQP2). AQP2 is localized mainly in the kidney and plays a critical role in determining cellular water content. This additional effect is independent of cholesterol homoeostasis, and depends on depletion of mevalonate-derived intermediates of sterol synthetic pathways, i.e. farnesylpyrophosphate and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate. By up-regulating the expression levels of AQP2, statins increase water reabsorption by the kidney, thus opening up a new avenue in treating patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a hereditary disease that yet lacks high-powered and limited side effects therapy. Aspects related to water balance determined by AQP2 in the kidney, as well as standard and novel therapeutic strategies of NDI are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine, University Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|