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Towler DA. Parathyroid hormone-PTH1R signaling in cardiovascular disease and homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:648-660. [PMID: 38429163 PMCID: PMC11233248 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) afflicts our aging population with an incidence approaching 50 per 100 000 patient-years at a female:male ratio of ~3:1. Decisions surrounding surgical management are currently driven by age, hypercalcemia severity, presence of osteoporosis, renal insufficiency, or hypercalciuria with or without nephrolithiasis. Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is not systematically considered. This is notable since the parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1 receptor (PTH1R) is biologically active in the vasculature, and adjusted CV mortality risk is increased almost threefold in individuals with pHPT who do not meet contemporary recommendations for surgical cure. We provide an overview of epidemiology, pharmacology, and physiology that highlights the need to: (i) identify biomarkers that establish a healthy 'set point' for CV PTH1R signaling tone; (ii) better understand the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships of PTH1R ligands in CV homeostasis; and (iii) incorporate CVD risk assessment into the management of hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight A Towler
- Department of Internal Medicine - Endocrine Division, Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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2
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Maranduca MA, Cozma CT, Clim A, Pinzariu AC, Tudorancea I, Popa IP, Lazar CI, Moscalu R, Filip N, Moscalu M, Constantin M, Scripcariu DV, Serban DN, Serban IL. The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Systemic Effects Mediated by Parathormone in the Context of Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3877-3905. [PMID: 38785509 PMCID: PMC11120161 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stands as a prominent non-communicable ailment, significantly impacting life expectancy. Physiopathology stands mainly upon the triangle represented by parathormone-Vitamin D-Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. Parathormone (PTH), the key hormone in mineral homeostasis, is one of the less easily modifiable parameters in CKD; however, it stands as a significant marker for assessing the risk of complications. The updated "trade-off hypothesis" reveals that levels of PTH spike out of the normal range as early as stage G2 CKD, advancing it as a possible determinant of systemic damage. The present review aims to review the effects exhibited by PTH on several organs while linking the molecular mechanisms to the observed actions in the context of CKD. From a diagnostic perspective, PTH is the most reliable and accessible biochemical marker in CKD, but its trend bears a higher significance on a patient's prognosis rather than the absolute value. Classically, PTH acts in a dichotomous manner on bone tissue, maintaining a balance between formation and resorption. Under the uremic conditions of advanced CKD, the altered intestinal microbiota majorly tips the balance towards bone lysis. Probiotic treatment has proven reliable in animal models, but in humans, data are limited. Regarding bone status, persistently high levels of PTH determine a reduction in mineral density and a concurrent increase in fracture risk. Pharmacological manipulation of serum PTH requires appropriate patient selection and monitoring since dangerously low levels of PTH may completely inhibit bone turnover. Moreover, the altered mineral balance extends to the cardiovascular system, promoting vascular calcifications. Lastly, the involvement of PTH in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone axis highlights the importance of opting for the appropriate pharmacological agent should hypertension develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minela Aida Maranduca
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Cristian Tudor Cozma
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Andreea Clim
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Alin Constantin Pinzariu
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Ionut Tudorancea
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Irene Paula Popa
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Cristina Iuliana Lazar
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Roxana Moscalu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Nina Filip
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Constantin
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dragomir Nicolae Serban
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (C.T.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.P.); (I.T.); (I.P.P.); (C.I.L.); (D.N.S.); (I.L.S.)
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3
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Zhang L, Liu N, Shao J, Gao D, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Han C, Chen D, Wang L, Lu WW, Yang F. Bidirectional control of parathyroid hormone and bone mass by subfornical organ. Neuron 2023; 111:1914-1932.e6. [PMID: 37084721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the most important hormones for bone turnover and calcium homeostasis. It is unclear how the central nervous system regulates PTH. The subfornical organ (SFO) lies above the third ventricle and modulates body fluid homeostasis. Through retrograde tracing, electrophysiology, and in vivo calcium imaging, we identified the SFO as an important brain nucleus that responds to serum PTH changes in mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons in SFO induces decreased serum PTH followed by a decrease in trabecular bone mass. Conversely, stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in the SFO promoted serum PTH and bone mass. Moreover, we found that the blockage of different PTH receptors in the SFO affects peripheral PTH levels and the PTH's response to calcium stimulation. Furthermore, we identified a GABAergic projection from the SFO to the paraventricular nucleus, which modulates PTH and bone mass. These findings advance our understanding of the central neural regulation of PTH at cellular and circuit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nian Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dashuang Gao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingzi Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanliang Han
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Collins MT, Marcucci G, Anders HJ, Beltrami G, Cauley JA, Ebeling PR, Kumar R, Linglart A, Sangiorgi L, Towler DA, Weston R, Whyte MP, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. Skeletal and extraskeletal disorders of biomineralization. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:473-489. [PMID: 35578027 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological process of biomineralization is complex and deviation from it leads to a variety of diseases. Progress in the past 10 years has enhanced understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular pathophysiology underlying these disorders; sometimes, this knowledge has both facilitated restoration of health and clarified the very nature of biomineralization as it occurs in humans. In this Review, we consider the principal regulators of mineralization and crystallization, and how dysregulation of these processes can lead to human disease. The knowledge acquired to date and gaps still to be filled are highlighted. The disorders of mineralization discussed comprise a broad spectrum of conditions that encompass bone disorders associated with alterations of mineral quantity and quality, as well as disorders of extraskeletal mineralization (hyperphosphataemic familial tumoural calcinosis). Included are disorders of alkaline phosphatase (hypophosphatasia) and phosphate homeostasis (X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, fluorosis, rickets and osteomalacia). Furthermore, crystallopathies are covered as well as arterial and renal calcification. This Review discusses the current knowledge of biomineralization derived from basic and clinical research and points to future studies that will lead to new therapeutic approaches for biomineralization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- Department Paediatric Orthopedic Oncology, Careggi and Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Paris, France
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dwight A Towler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ria Weston
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Brent MB. Abaloparatide: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174409. [PMID: 34364879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of, and map current knowledge, obtained from preclinical and clinical studies of the osteoanabolic agent abaloparatide. PubMed and Embase were meticulously searched from inception to May 4, 2021.178 titles and abstracts were screened, and 57 full-text articles were assessed for inclusion. A total of 55 articles were included; 5 (9%) in vitro studies, 21 (38%) in vivo studies, and 29 (53%) clinical studies. Preclinical in vitro studies have demonstrated receptor conformation preferability, structural insights into the receptor-agonist complex, and proliferative effects of abaloparatide on osteoblasts. Preclinical studies have shown abaloparatide to be similarly effective to teriparatide using comparable doses in both ambulating mice and rats challenged by disuse. Other animal studies have reported that abaloparatide effectively mitigates or prevents bone loss from ovariectomy, orchiectomy, and glucocorticoids and improves fracture healing. The pivotal clinical study ACTIVE demonstrated 18 months of treatment with abaloparatide substantially increase bone mineral density and reduce fracture risk in post-menopausal women compared with placebo. The extension study ACTIVExtend highlighted that subsequent treatment with alendronate sustained the bone gained by abaloparatide treatment and the reduced fracture risk for up to two years. Post-hoc sub-group analyses have also supported the efficacy and safety of abaloparatide treatment independent of various baseline risk factors. In conclusion, mounting evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has uniformly reported that abaloparatide increases bone mineral density and reduces fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bo Brent
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Cosman F, Peterson LR, Towler DA, Mitlak B, Wang Y, Cummings SR. Cardiovascular Safety of Abaloparatide in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: Analysis From the ACTIVE Phase 3 Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5870711. [PMID: 32658264 PMCID: PMC7500469 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Abaloparatide is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved parathyroid hormone-related peptide analog for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture. OBJECTIVES We assessed the cardiovascular safety profile of abaloparatide. DESIGN Review of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and cardiovascular-related adverse events (AEs), including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and heart failure (HF) from: (a) ACTIVE (NCT01343004), a phase 3 trial that randomized 2463 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis to abaloparatide, teriparatide, or placebo for 18 months; (b) ACTIVExtend (NCT01657162), where participants from the abaloparatide and placebo arms received alendronate for 2 years; and (c) a pharmacology study in 55 healthy adults. RESULTS Abaloparatide and teriparatide transiently increased HR relative to placebo. Following first dose, mean (standard deviation [SD]) HR change from pretreatment to 1 hour posttreatment was 7.9 (8.5) beats per minute (bpm) for abaloparatide, 5.3 (7.5) for teriparatide, and 1.2 (7.1) for placebo. A similar pattern was observed over subsequent visits. In healthy volunteers, HR increase resolved within 4 hours. The corresponding change in mean supine systolic and diastolic BP 1 hour posttreatment was -2.7/-3.6 mmHg (abaloparatide), -2.0/-3.6 (teriparatide), and -1.5/-2.3 (placebo). The percentage of participants with serious cardiac AEs was similar among groups (0.9%-1.0%). In a post hoc analysis, time to first incidence of MACE + HF was longer with abaloparatide (P = 0.02 vs placebo) and teriparatide (P = 0.04 vs placebo). CONCLUSIONS Abaloparatide was associated with transient increases in HR and small decreases in BP in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, with no increase in risk of serious cardiac AEs, MACE, or HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Cosman
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bruce Mitlak
- Clinical Development, Radius Health, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
- Correspondence: Bruce Mitlak, MD, Vice President Clinical Development, Radius Health, Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA. E-mail:
| | - Yamei Wang
- Biostatistics, Radius Health, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, Sutter Health, California; University of California, San Francisco, California
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Lai NK, Martinez D. Physiological roles of parathyroid hormone-related protein. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:510-516. [PMID: 31910177 PMCID: PMC7233781 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.7715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) is widely expressed in a variety of normal fetal and adult tissues. Aim of work: Review of these normal physiologic functions of PTHrP in each of these tissues. Method: Performed literature search on pubmed on articles related to PTHrP and physiologic roles. Results: PTHrP is expressed in wide range of sites in the body with roles including relaxation of vessels and smooth muscle cells, and regulation of development. PTHrP also mediates humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. PTHrP can be falsely elevated in benign conditions. Lastly, PTHrP has a pharmacological role in osteoporosis treatment. Conclusions: PTHrP has many various physiological roles besides mediating humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Sahbani K, Cardozo CP, Bauman WA, Tawfeek HA. Abaloparatide exhibits greater osteoanabolic response and higher cAMP stimulation and β-arrestin recruitment than teriparatide. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14225. [PMID: 31565870 PMCID: PMC6766518 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Teriparatide and abaloparatide are parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) analogs with unexplained differential efficacy for the treatment of osteoporosis. Therefore, we compared the effects of abaloparatide and teriparatide on bone structure, turnover, and levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Wild-type (WT) female mice were injected daily with vehicle or 20-80 µg/kg/day of teriparatide or abaloparatide for 30 days. Femurs and spines were examined by microcomputed tomography scanning and serum levels of bone turnover markers, RANKL, and OPG, were measured by ELISA. Both analogs similarly increased the distal femoral fractional trabecular bone volume, connectivity, and number, and reduced the structure model index (SMI) at 20-80 µg/kg/day doses. However, only abaloparatide exhibited a significant increase (13%) in trabecular thickness at 20 µg/kg/day dose. Femoral cortical evaluation showed that abaloparatide caused a greater dose-dependent increase in cortical thickness than teriparatide. Both teriparatide and abaloparatide increased lumbar 5 vertebral trabecular connectivity but had no or modest effect on other indices. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that abaloparatide promoted greater elevation of procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide, a bone formation marker, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels, a bone resorption marker, and lowered the RANKL/OPG ratio. Furthermore, PTHR1 signaling was compared in cells treated with 0-100 nmol/L analog. Interestingly, abaloparatide had a markedly lower EC50 for cAMP formation (2.3-fold) and β-arrestin recruitment (1.6-fold) than teriparatide. Therefore, abaloparatide-improved efficacy can be attributed to enhanced bone formation and cortical structure, reduced RANKL/OPG ratio, and amplified Gs-cAMP and β-arrestin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Sahbani
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord InjuryJames J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBronxNew York
| | - Christopher P. Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord InjuryJames J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBronxNew York
- Department of MedicineThe Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
- Department of Pharmacologic ScienceThe Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - William A. Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord InjuryJames J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBronxNew York
- Department of MedicineThe Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - Hesham A. Tawfeek
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord InjuryJames J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBronxNew York
- Department of MedicineThe Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
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9
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Hochane M, Raison D, Coquard C, Béraud C, Danilin S, Bethry A, Massfelder T, Barthelmebs M. Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein Contributes to Early Healing of Habu Snake Venom–Induced Glomerulonephritis in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:863-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Ansari N, Ho PW, Crimeen-Irwin B, Poulton IJ, Brunt AR, Forwood MR, Divieti Pajevic P, Gooi JH, Martin TJ, Sims NA. Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of the Murine Skeleton by Osteocyte-Derived Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:137-153. [PMID: 28914969 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have N-terminal domains that bind a common receptor, PTHR1. N-terminal PTH (teriparatide) and now a modified N-terminal PTHrP (abaloparatide) are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for osteoporosis. In physiology, PTHrP does not normally circulate at significant levels, but acts locally, and osteocytes, cells residing within the bone matrix, express both PTHrP and the PTHR1. Because PTHR1 in osteocytes is required for normal bone resorption, we determined how osteocyte-derived PTHrP influences the skeleton. We observed that adult mice with low PTHrP in osteocytes (targeted with the Dmp1(10kb)-Cre) have low trabecular bone volume and osteoblast numbers, but osteoclast numbers were unaffected. In addition, bone size was normal, but cortical bone strength was impaired. Osteocyte-derived PTHrP therefore stimulates bone formation and bone matrix strength, but is not required for normal osteoclastogenesis. PTHrP knockdown and overexpression studies in cultured osteocytes indicate that osteocyte-secreted PTHrP regulates their expression of genes involved in matrix mineralization. We determined that osteocytes secrete full-length PTHrP with no evidence for secretion of lower molecular weight forms containing the N-terminus. We conclude that osteocyte-derived full-length PTHrP acts through both PTHR1 receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions in a paracrine/autocrine manner to stimulate bone formation and to modify adult cortical bone strength. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Ansari
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Wm Ho
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ingrid J Poulton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Athena R Brunt
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark R Forwood
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Gooi
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Hochane M, Raison D, Coquard C, Béraud C, Bethry A, Danilin S, Massfelder T, Barthelmebs M. Parathyroid hormone-related protein modulates inflammation in mouse mesangial cells and blunts apoptosis by enhancing COX-2 expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C242-C253. [PMID: 29141920 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00018.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Injury of mesangial cells (MC) is a prominent feature of glomerulonephritis. Activated MC secrete inflammatory mediators that induce cell apoptosis. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is a locally active cytokine that enhances cell survival and is upregulated by proinflammatory factors in many cell types. The aim of this study was to analyze the regulation of PTHrP expression by inflammatory cytokines and to evaluate whether PTHrP itself acts as a proinflammatory and/or survival factor on male murine MC in primary culture. Our results showed that IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) rapidly and transiently upregulated PTHrP expression in MC. The effects of IL-1β were both transcriptional and posttranscriptional, with stabilization of the PTHrP mRNA by human antigen R (HuR). Proteome profiler arrays showed that PTHrP itself enhanced cytokines within 2 h in cell lysates, mainly IL-17, IL-16, IL-1α, and IL-6. PTHrP also stimulated sustained expression (2-4 h) of chemokines, mainly regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)/C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17, and interferon-inducible T cell α-chemoattractant (I-TAC)/CXCL11. Moreover, PTHrP markedly enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and elicited its autoinduction through the activation of the NF-κB pathway. PTHrP induced MC survival via the COX-2 products, and PTHrP overexpression in MC blunted the apoptotic effects of IL-1β and TNF-α. Altogether, these findings suggest that PTHrP functions as a booster of glomerular inflammatory processes and may be a negative feedback loop preserving MC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazène Hochane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg , France
| | - Denis Raison
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France
| | - Catherine Coquard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg , France.,Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Claire Béraud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France
| | - Audrey Bethry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France
| | - Sabrina Danilin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg , France.,Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Mariette Barthelmebs
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR S1113, Equipe Signalisation et Communication Cellulaires dans les Cancers du Rein et de la Prostate, Strasbourg , France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg , France.,Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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12
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Abstract
Bone and heart health are linked through a variety of cellular, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms, including the bidirectional effects of mineral-regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23. Nutrition plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and bone disease. This review describes current knowledge on the relations between the cardiovascular system and bone and the influence of key nutrients involved in mineral metabolism-calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus-on heart and bone health, as well as the racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and the influence that nutrition has on these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Internal Medicine/Endocrine Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and
| | | | - Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Chamorro-Garcia A, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Espinosa-Castañeda M, Rodriguez-Hernandez CJ, de Torres C, Merkoçi A. Detection of parathyroid hormone-like hormone in cancer cell cultures by gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassays. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:53-61. [PMID: 26492976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) exerts relevant roles in progression and dissemination of several tumors. However, factors influencing its production and secretion have not been fully characterized. The main limitation is the lack of specific, sensitive and widely available techniques to detect and quantify PTHLH. We have developed a lateral flow immunoassay using gold nanoparticles label for the fast and easy detection of PTHLH in lysates and culture media of three human cell lines (HaCaT, LA-N-1, SK-N-AS). Levels in culture media and lysates ranged from 11 to 20 ng/mL and 0.66 to 0.87 μg/mL respectively. Results for HaCaT are in agreement to the previously reported, whereas LA-N-1 and SK-N-AS have been evaluated for the first time. The system also exhibits good performance in human serum samples. This methodology represents a helpful tool for future in vitro and in vivo studies of mechanisms involved in PTHLH production as well as for diagnostics. From the Clinical Editor: Parathyroid Hormone-like Hormone (PTHLH) is known to be secreted by some tumors. However, the detection of this peptide remains difficult. The authors here described their technique of using gold nanoparticles as label for the detection of PTHLH by Lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs). The positive results may also point a way to using the same technique for the rapid determination of other relevant cancer proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamorro-Garcia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Espinosa-Castañeda
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen de Torres
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Kovacs CS. Bone development and mineral homeostasis in the fetus and neonate: roles of the calciotropic and phosphotropic hormones. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1143-218. [PMID: 25287862 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral and bone metabolism are regulated differently in utero compared with the adult. The fetal kidneys, intestines, and skeleton are not dominant sources of mineral supply for the fetus. Instead, the placenta meets the fetal need for mineral by actively transporting calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium from the maternal circulation. These minerals are maintained in the fetal circulation at higher concentrations than in the mother and normal adult, and such high levels appear necessary for the developing skeleton to accrete a normal amount of mineral by term. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol circulate at low concentrations in the fetal circulation. Fetal bone development and the regulation of serum minerals are critically dependent on PTH and PTH-related protein, but not vitamin D/calcitriol, fibroblast growth factor-23, calcitonin, or the sex steroids. After birth, the serum calcium falls and phosphorus rises before gradually reaching adult values over the subsequent 24-48 h. The intestines are the main source of mineral for the neonate, while the kidneys reabsorb mineral, and bone turnover contributes mineral to the circulation. This switch in the regulation of mineral homeostasis is triggered by loss of the placenta and a postnatal fall in serum calcium, and is followed in sequence by a rise in PTH and then an increase in calcitriol. Intestinal calcium absorption is initially a passive process facilitated by lactose, but later becomes active and calcitriol-dependent. However, calcitriol's role can be bypassed by increasing the calcium content of the diet, or by parenteral administration of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine-Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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15
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Towler DA. Arteriosclerosis, bone biology, and calciotropic hormone signaling: learning the ABCs of disease in the bone-vascular axis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:243-5. [PMID: 25231880 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dwight A Towler
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute Diabetes & Obesity Research Center, Florida Hospital, Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism at University of Florida, Orlando, Florida
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