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Ceriotti S, Bullone M, Leclere M, Ferrucci F, Lavoie JP. Severe asthma is associated with a remodeling of the pulmonary arteries in horses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239561. [PMID: 33091038 PMCID: PMC7580920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale are complications of severe equine asthma, as a consequence of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction. However, as pulmonary hypertension is only partially reversible by oxygen administration, other etiological factors are likely involved. In human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary artery remodeling contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension. In rodent models, pulmonary vascular remodeling is present as a consequence of allergic airway inflammation. The present study investigated the presence of remodeling of the pulmonary arteries in severe equine asthma, its distribution throughout the lungs, and its reversibility following long-term antigen avoidance strategies and inhaled corticosteroid administration. Using histomorphometry, the total wall area of pulmonary arteries from different regions of the lungs of asthmatic horses and controls was measured. The smooth muscle mass of pulmonary arteries was also estimated on lung sections stained for α-smooth muscle actin. Reversibility of vascular changes in asthmatic horses was assessed after 1 year of antigen avoidance alone or treatment with inhaled fluticasone. Pulmonary arteries showed increased wall area in apical and caudodorsal lung regions of asthmatic horses in both exacerbation and remission. The pulmonary arteries smooth muscle mass was similarly increased. Both treatments reversed the increase in wall area. However, a trend for normalization of the vascular smooth muscle mass was observed only after treatment with antigen avoidance, but not with fluticasone. In conclusion, severe equine asthma is associated with remodeling of the pulmonary arteries consisting in an increased smooth muscle mass. The resulting narrowing of the artery lumen could enhance hypoxic vasoconstriction, contributing to pulmonary hypertension. In our study population, the antigen avoidance strategy appeared more promising than inhaled corticosteroids in controlling vascular remodeling. However, further studies are needed to support the reversibility of vascular smooth muscle mass remodeling after asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ceriotti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Bullone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathilde Leclere
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francesco Ferrucci
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Patowary P, Pathak MP, Kishor S, Roy PK, Das S, Chattopadhyay P, Zaman K. Cardiopulmonary function and dysregulated cardiopulmonary reflexes following acute oleoresin capsicum exposure in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 405:115188. [PMID: 32805267 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary functions such as respiratory depression, severe irritation, inflamed respiratory tract, hyperventilation and, tachycardia are the most affected ones when it comes to the riot control agent oleoresin capsicum (OC) exposure. However, no studies have been done to elucidate the mechanism underlying deterioration of the combined cardiopulmonary functions. Parameters such as acute respiratory, cardiac, parameters and ultrasonography (USG) measurements were investigated in an in vivo setup using Wistar rats at 1 h and 24 h post inhalation exposure to 2%, 6% and 10% OC, whereas, cell migration in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs), metabolomics and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were investigated in an in vitro setup. Results obtained from electrophysiological recording indicated that OC exposure produces apnea and decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was obtained from hemodynamic parameters whereas cardiac parameters assessment revealed increase in the level of cardiac output (CO) and decrease in stroke volume (SV) with recovery towards the post-exposure period. A decrease in the percentage area of certain fatty acid pathway metabolites in BALF appropriately linked the lung injury following OC exposure which was further cemented by increasing concentration of EPO. Histopathology and SEM also proved to be favorable techniques for the detection of OC induced physiological cardiac and pulmonary modifications respectively. Furthermore, Boyden chamber experiment established the chemoattractant property of OC. It may be concluded from the above studies that these newly reported facets may be utilized pharmacologically to mitigate cardiopulmonary adverse effects owing to OC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Sumit Kishor
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - Probin Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Sanghita Das
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India.
| | - Kamaruz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
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Hazarika S, Van Scott MR, Lust RM, Wingard CJ. Pulmonary allergic reactions impair systemic vascular relaxation in ragweed sensitive mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:258-63. [PMID: 20888432 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is often associated with cardiovascular complications, and recent observations in animal models indicate that induction of pulmonary allergic inflammation increases susceptibility of the myocardium to ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this study, we used a murine model of allergen sensitization in which aspiration of allergen induces pulmonary and systemic inflammation, to test the hypothesis that pulmonary exposure to allergen alters vascular relaxation responses. BALB/C mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ragweed and challenged by intratracheal instillation of allergen. Airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation were confirmed, and endothelium-dependent and -independent reactivity of thoracic aorta rings were evaluated. Ragweed sensitization and challenge induced airway hyperreactivity to methacholine and pulmonary inflammation, but did not affect constrictor responses of the aortic rings to phenylephrine and K+ depolarization. In contrast, maximal relaxation of aortic rings to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside decreased from 87.6±3.9% and 97.7±1.2% to 32±4% and 51±6%, respectively (p<0.05). The sensitivity to acetylcholine was likewise reduced (EC₅₀=0.26±0.05 μM vs. 1.09±0.16 μM, p<0.001). The results demonstrate that induction of allergic pulmonary inflammation in mice depresses endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular relaxation, which can contribute to cardiovascular complications associated with allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surovi Hazarika
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Hirt RA, Galler A, Shibly S, Bilek A. Airway hyperresponsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate in feline chronic inflammatory lower airway disease. Vet J 2009; 187:54-9. [PMID: 19910226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness is a key feature of human asthma and chronic bronchitis and response to the indirectly acting agonist adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) is thought to reflect underlying airway inflammation. To examine whether airway responsiveness testing (ART) with AMP may be used to differentiate healthy cats from those with asthma (FA) and chronic bronchitis (CB), 24 cats (9 FA, 6 CB, 9 controls) underwent ART with AMP at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 500mg/mL using barometric whole body plethysmography. The defined endpoint of ART, an increase in enhanced pause (Penh) exceeding 300% of the post-saline value (baseline), was reached in 9/15 patients (7 FA, 2 CB), but in none of the controls. Mean Penh (±SD) at baseline (BL) was 0.49±0.16 for cases, and 0.54±0.16 for controls, and was significantly increased after AMP challenge in clinical cases (2.62±2.20), but not in controls (0.63±0.30, P<0.05). After separating responder (R) and non-responder (NR) cases, a more pronounced difference after challenge was found (R: 3.96±1.84, NR: 0.6±0.21, P<0.001). The provocative concentration of the agonist that increased Penh to 300% of BL (PC Penh 300) in R cases was 52.98±48.04mg/mL AMP. Age had no influence on the responder status or PC Penh 300. It was concluded that AMP challenge may offer a new method for the identification of cats with lower inflammatory airway disease, and possibly for monitoring disease progression or response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard A Hirt
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary University of Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Hirt RA, Leinker S, Mosing M, Wiederstein I. Comparison of barometric whole body plethysmography and its derived parameter enhanced pause (PENH) with conventional respiratory mechanics in healthy Beagle dogs. Vet J 2008; 176:232-9. [PMID: 17644375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) and its derived parameter, enhanced pause (PENH), with conventional respiratory mechanics measurements. Resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and pleural pressure changes were measured in six healthy anaesthetised Beagle dogs using a pneumotachograph and oesophageal balloon technique consecutive to BWBP-derived variables. Upper airway airflow limitation was established (1) by a filter or (2) by insertion of a narrow endotracheal tube. Bronchoconstriction was induced by nebulisation of carbachol at increasing concentrations until PENH exceeded 300% baseline. Upper airway narrowing significantly increased resistance (baseline RL 2.0+/-0.3, RL filter 11.8+/-3.2, RL luminal narrowing 21.1+/-2.3cm H(2)O/L/s; P <0.03), whereas PENH did not change significantly (baseline PENH 0.55+/-0.17, PENH filter 0.49+/-0.10; PENH luminal narrowing 0.50+/-0.18; P >0.05). Carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction caused a significant increase in PENH (baseline PENH 0.43+/-0.14, PENH carbachol 2.62+/-2.14; P <0.02) and resistance (baseline RL 2.1+/-0.3, RL carbachol 28.8+/-13.0 cm H2O/L/s; P <0.01), and a pronounced drop in compliance (baseline Cdyn 163.3+/-73.9, Cdyn carbachol 9.7+/-2.9mL/cmH2O; P <0.02). It was concluded that BWBP detects airflow limitation due to bronchoconstriction but not due to upper airway obstruction in healthy dogs. BWBP represents a valid, although not very sensitive screening tool for respiratory function testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard A Hirt
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary University of Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Hirt RA, Vondrakova K, de Arespacochaga AG, Gütl A, van den Hoven R. Effects of cadmium chloride inhalation on airflow limitation to histamine, carbachol and adenosine 5'-monophosphate assessed by barometric whole body plethysmography in healthy dogs. Vet J 2005; 173:62-72. [PMID: 16314130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of pharmacological bronchoprovocation on airflow patterns and surrogate respiratory parameters assessed by barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) were investigated in healthy dogs, previously exposed to cadmium chloride inhalation. BWBP-derived respiratory variables were calculated (1) at baseline and (2) following nebulisation of increasing concentrations of histamine, carbachol and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) until enhanced pause (PENH) increased to 300% of baseline (PCPENH300). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology before (BCC) and after (ACC) cadmium chloride inhalation revealed cadmium-induced airway inflammation. Neutrophils increased from 6.7 +/- 7.3% (728 +/- 104/microL) BCC to 77.8 +/- 8.6% (3255 +/- 1407/microL) ACC. PCPENH300 for all three agonists significantly decreased ACC (means+/-SD) as follows: PCPENH300(histamine) 0.72 +/- 0.28 mg/mL BCC, and 0.35 +/- 0.31 mg/mL ACC (P<0.02); PCPENH300(carbachol) 0.34 +/- 0.16 mg/mL BCC, and 0.064 +/- 0.032 mg/mL ACC (P<0.02); PCPENH300(AMP) 1000 mg/mL BCC, and 415 +/- 398 mg/mL ACC (P<0.03). The only clinical sign shown was coughing. It was concluded that airway hyperresponsiveness after induced airway inflammation can be determined by BWBP in conscious small sized dogs. BWBP could be a suitable technique to study the respiratory effects of urban environmental pollution in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard A Hirt
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary University of Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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House A, Celly C, Skeans S, Lamca J, Egan RW, Hey JA, Chapman RW. Cough reflex in allergic dogs. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 492:251-8. [PMID: 15178372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of antigen challenge on the cough reflex in dogs that were neonatally sensitized to ragweed. Tidal volume (V(T)), respiratory rate (f), pulmonary resistance (R(L)), dynamic lung compliance (C(Dyn)) and the number and amplitude (increase in mean peak expiratory pressure) of coughs induced by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea were measured in propofol-anesthetized dogs. Aerosolized ragweed challenge had no effect to induce spontaneous cough but increased f and R(L) and reduced V(T) and C(Dyn). Mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea at this time produced 19+/-5 coughs with an average increase in cough amplitude of 11+/-1 cm H(2)O which differed significantly from the number (9+/-2 coughs) and amplitude (30+/-5.5 cm H(2)O) of mechanically induced coughs after treatment with aerosolized saline. Both the number and amplitude of mechanically induced coughs returned to baseline values by 24-48 h after the ragweed challenge. Similar results were obtained after challenge with aerosolized histamine (0.3-1% histamine) that did not induce spontaneous coughs but increased f, reduced V(T) and decreased C(Dyn) and increased the number but reduced the amplitude of the mechanically induced coughs. In conclusion, both antigen and histamine bronchoprovocation changed the characteristics of the mechanically induced cough in dogs to a response of increased cough number but reduced mean expiratory cough amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen House
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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Laaidi M, Laaidi K, Besancenot JP, Thibaudon M. Ragweed in France: an invasive plant and its allergenic pollen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003; 91:195-201. [PMID: 12952115 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed is an annual, herbaceous, wind-pollinated plant that is responsible for strong allergies. In France, it is mainly present in the region of Lyon, where it threatens the health of the population. OBJECTIVE To analyze annual, daily, and bihourly pollen concentrations in the air to determine the characteristics of ragweed pollination and in particular its diurnal rhythm. METHODS Ragweed pollens were sampled from 1987 to 2001 by a Hirst volumetric trap calibrated to handle a flow of 10 L/min of air, which roughly corresponds to a human breathing rhythm. Pollen counts were performed on a daily and bihourly basis, which is of particular importance in allergologic practice. RESULTS Ragweed pollination occurs from the beginning of August to the end of September. Annual and daily levels of pollen have increased significantly since 1987. The pronounced diurnal periodicity shows a peak from 9 to 11 AM. Pollen counts increased from the early morning with temperature increase and relative humidity decrease. CONCLUSIONS Daily pollen counts of this strongly allergic plant are above the allergic thresholds commonly defined, limiting the interest of eradication campaigns. Thus, prevention of ragweed allergy depends on informing and educating the public through reports and updates. Diurnal variations seem to be the most crucial part of such a report, allowing allergy patients to adapt their daily outdoor activities in respect to the pollen peaks and off-peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Laaidi
- Climat et Santé, Centre d'Epidémiologie de Populations, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon Cedex, France.
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House A, Celly C, Hey JA, Egan RW, Chapman RW. Role of cholinergic reflexes on the bronchoconstrictor reactivity to neurokinin a in allergic dogs. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2002; 15:169-73. [PMID: 12090791 DOI: 10.1006/pupt.2001.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin A (NKA) potentiates airway cholinergic neurotransmission in several species. In this study, the role of cholinergic reflexes on the bronchoconstrictor response to NKA was evaluated in non-sensitized dogs and in allergic dogs neonatally sensitized to ragweed in which heightened bronchoconstrictor reactivity to NKA has previously been observed. Cardiopulmonary functions, including pulmonary resistance (R(L)) were measured in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs before and after increasing concentrations of aerosolized NKA. The provocative concentrations of NKA increasing R(L) by 25% above the baseline (PC(25)) was measured before and after ( approximately 10 min) aerosolized saline or ipratropium bromide (0.01%). This concentration of ipratropium produced a 250-fold shift in the methacholine dose-response curve. In sensitized dogs, NKA bronchoconstrictor reactivity (PC(25)=0.050+/-0.011%) was 2.5 times more potent than that of non-sensitized controls (PC(25)=0.177+/-0.031%). Ipratropium bromide inhibited the bronchoconstrictor response to NKA in both sensitized and non-sensitized dogs and after ipratropium, NKA reactivity was 5.2-fold less in allergic dogs (PC(25)=0.246+/-0.048%) as compared to 3.5 fold less in non-sensitized controls (PC(25)=0.622+/-0.106%). In conclusion, cholinergic reflexes are important components of the bronchoconstrictor response to NKA in dogs particularly in those sensitized neonatally to ragweed. It is speculated that heightened activity of cholinergic reflexes contributes to the bronchial hyperresponsiveness seen in allergic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen House
- Allergy, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Out TA, Wang SZ, Rudolph K, Bice DE. Local T-cell activation after segmental allergen challenge in the lungs of allergic dogs. Immunology 2002; 105:499-508. [PMID: 11985670 PMCID: PMC1782676 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2001] [Revised: 11/28/2001] [Accepted: 12/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs with immunoglobulin E (IgE) allergy for ragweed that are sensitized by intrapulmonary exposure to ragweed can be used to study the pulmonary immune response that is important in allergic asthma. Using this model, we tested the hypothesis that T lymphocytes are activated locally in the airways shortly after allergen exposure of the lungs. The airways of six allergic dogs and three non-allergic dogs were exposed to ragweed by segmental allergen challenge (SAC). T-cell subsets and T-cell activation in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured by flow cytometry before SAC and at 4, 24 and 72 hr thereafter. SAC caused a statistically significant increase in the percentage of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells in BAL fluid and a significant increase in the mean fluorescent activity of MHC class II from 4 hr after SAC onward. This activation was significantly different from that found in cells from lung lobes challenged with saline, or from lung lobes in non-allergic dogs challenged with ragweed. The percentage of CD45RA(bright) CD8 cells increased significantly in allergic dogs after both ragweed and saline challenges. This was significantly higher than in non-allergic dogs. We conclude that T-cell activation in the airways of dogs can be measured after in vivo activation of the cells by measuring MHC class II and CD45RA expression in BAL fluid T cells. Furthermore, in allergic dogs, T cells are activated locally in the lungs within 4 hr after exposure to ragweed allergen. These results suggest a role for T lymphocytes in the development of late-phase allergic reactions in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo A Out
- Academic Medical Centre B1-236 and CLB Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Clinical Immunology Laboratory, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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House A, Celly C, Young S, Kreutner W, Chapman RW. Bronchoconstrictor reactivity to NKA in allergic dogs: a comparison to histamine and methacholine. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2001; 14:135-40. [PMID: 11273795 DOI: 10.1006/pupt.2001.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness to neurokinin A (NKA) occurs in inflammatory airway diseases like asthma. In this study, bronchoconstrictor reactivity to NKA was measured in beagle dogs neonatally sensitized to and challenged with ragweed. Comparisons were made to histamine and methacholine. Lung resistance (R(L)) and dynamic lung compliance (C(Dyn)) were measured in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs before and after aerosol challenge with NKA, histamine or methacholine. The concentration of these agents increasing R(L)by 25% above baseline (PC(25)) was calculated before and 24 h after aerosolized ragweed challenge. Before ragweed, the bronchoconstrictor reactivity to NKA was four-fold higher in ragweed-sensitized dogs (PC(25)=0.036+/-0.006%) compared to non-sensitized controls (PC(25)=0.177+/-0.030%, P<0.05). On the other hand, there was no difference in the bronchoconstrictor reactivity to histamine or methacholine between these two groups. Twenty-four hours after ragweed challenge to sensitized dogs, NKA reactivity was unchanged from pre-ragweed values but histamine and methacholine reactivity was increased by 2-3-fold. These results demonstrate airway hyperresponsiveness to NKA, histamine and methacholine in allergic beagle dogs although hyperresponsiveness to NKA exists in these allergic dogs before an antigen challenge. This animal model may prove to be useful to evaluate the role of tachykinins in hyperractive airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A House
- Allergy, Schering-Plough Research Institute Kenilworth, New Jersey, 07033, USA
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