1
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Reed EL, Chapman CL, Whittman EK, Park TE, Larson EA, Kaiser BW, Comrada LN, Wiedenfeld Needham K, Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Cardiovascular and mood responses to an acute bout of cold water immersion. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103727. [PMID: 37866096 PMCID: PMC10842018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold water immersion (CWI) may provide benefits for physical and mental health. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of an acute bout of CWI on vascular shear stress and affect (positive and negative). Sixteen healthy adults (age: 23 ± 4 y; (9 self-reported men and 7 self-reported women) completed one 15-min bout of CWI (10 °C). Self-reported affect (positive and negative) was assessed at pre-CWI (Pre), 30-min post-immersion, and 180-min post-immersion in all participants. Brachial artery diameter and blood velocity were measured (Doppler ultrasound) at Pre, after 1-min and 15-min of CWI, and 30-min post-immersion (n = 8). Total, antegrade, and retrograde shear stress, oscillatory shear index (OSI), and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were calculated. Venous blood samples were collected at Pre, after 1-min and 15-min of CWI, 30-min post-immersion, and 180-min post-immersion (n = 8) to quantify serum β-endorphins and cortisol. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Fisher's least significance difference and compared to Pre. Positive affect did not change (ANOVA p = 0.450) but negative affect was lower at 180-min post-immersion (p < 0.001). FVC was reduced at 15-min of CWI and 30-min post-immersion (p < 0.020). Total and antegrade shear and OSI were reduced at 30-min post-immersion (p < 0.040) but there were no differences in retrograde shear (ANOVA p = 0.134). β-endorphins did not change throughout the trial (ANOVA p = 0.321). Cortisol was lower at 180-min post-immersion (p = 0.014). An acute bout of CWI minimally affects shear stress patterns but may benefit mental health by reducing negative feelings and cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Reed
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Christopher L Chapman
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Emma K Whittman
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Talia E Park
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Emily A Larson
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Brendan W Kaiser
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Lindan N Comrada
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Karen Wiedenfeld Needham
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - John R Halliwill
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Christopher T Minson
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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2
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Hanson BE, Casey DP. Intermittent versus continuous handgrip exercise and peripheral endothelial function: impact of shear rate fluctuations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:892-901. [PMID: 37650140 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00362.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained exercise-induced elevations in shear rate (SR) have been well established as beneficial for improving endothelial function. However, the impact of intermittent fluctuations in SR is not understood. We investigated the effect of intermittent SR elevations compared with sustained elevations on peripheral endothelial function. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed in 13 adults (9 M/4 F; 22 ± 4 yr) before and after 30 min of handgrip exercise. Three different rhythmic forearm exercise interventions were performed at a rate of 20 contractions/min. Intermittent exercises (6 × 3 min exercise interspersed by 2 min of rest) were performed at 25% (INT-25%) and 15% (INT-15%) maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and continuous exercise was completed at 15% MVC. Brachial artery diameter and velocity were measured using Doppler ultrasound. The total increase in SR above baseline throughout exercise was greater during INT-25% (4,441 ± 516 s-1) and continuous (4,070 ± 407 s-1) compared with INT-15% (2,811 ± 342 s-1, P < 0.05). The %FMD increased following all exercises (INT-25%: 5.7 ± 1.2% to 8.1 ± 1.2%; INT-15%: 5.2 ± 1.2% to 7.0 ± 1.1%; continuous: 5.5 ± 1.3% to 6.8 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05 for all). The increase following INT-25% was significantly greater than INT-15% and continuous (P < 0.05 for both). Normalized FMD to shear rate area under the curve increased with intermittent exercise (INT-25%: 2.2 ± 0.2% to 3.4 ± 0.3%; INT-15%: 2.1 ± 0.2% to 3.2 ± 0.2%, P < 0.05 for both) but did not following continuous (2.1 ± 0.2% to 2.5 ± 0.1%, P = 0.06). The increase in normalized FMD with intermittent exercises were greater than continuous (P < 0.05 for both). These findings suggest intermittent fluctuations in SR during handgrip exercise may be more beneficial than sustained elevations on improving peripheral endothelial function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise-induced increases in shear rate is a well-established stimulus for improving peripheral endothelial function. This study presents novel findings that intermittent elevations in shear rate may be more effective at acutely improving endothelial function compared with continuous elevations. Despite similar increases in total shear rate during handgrip exercise intermittent elevations produced a significantly greater increase in endothelial function when compared with continuous elevations potentially indicating intermittent elevations as a more effective stimulus for acute improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady E Hanson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Darren P Casey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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3
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Sakamoto R, Sato K, Ogoh S, Kamoda T, Neki T, Katayose M, Iwamoto E. Dynamic resistance exercise-induced pressor response does not alter hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation in young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:781-796. [PMID: 36454281 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Excessive arterial pressure elevation induced by resistance exercise (RE) attenuates peripheral vasodilatory function, but its effect on cerebrovascular function is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different pressor responses to RE on hypercapnia-induced vasodilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA), an index of cerebrovascular function. To manipulate pressor responses to RE, 15 healthy young adults (11M/4F) performed two RE: high intensity with low repetitions (HL) and low intensity with high repetitions (LH) dynamic knee extension. ICA dilation, induced by 3 min of hypercapnia, was measured before and 10 min after RE using Doppler ultrasound. HL exercise elicited a greater pressor response than LH exercise. In relaxation phases of RE, ICA blood velocity increased in both HL and LH trials. However, ICA shear rate did not significantly increase in either trial (P = 0.06). Consequently, neither exercise altered post-exercise hypercapnia-induced ICA dilation (HL, 3.9 ± 1.9% to 5.1 ± 1.7%; LH, 4.6 ± 1.4% to 4.8 ± 1.8%; P > 0.05 for all). When viewed individually, the changes in ICA shear rate were positively correlated with changes in end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) (r = 0.46, P < 0.01) than with mean arterial pressure (r = 0.32, P = 0.02). These findings suggest that the effects of RE-induced pressor response on cerebrovascular function may be different from peripheral arteries. An increase in PETCO2 during the relaxation phase may play a more crucial role than elevated pressure in increasing cerebral shear during dynamic RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kamoda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Neki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Erika Iwamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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4
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Tryfonos A, Cocks M, Browning N, Dawson EA. Post-exercise endothelial function is not associated with extracellular vesicle release in healthy young males. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:209-218. [PMID: 36462215 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise can result in temporary decrease in endothelial functions, which may represent a transient period of risk. Numerous mechanisms underpinning these responses included release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from apoptotic or activated endothelial cells and platelets. This study aims to compare the time course of endothelial responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and the associations with EV release. Eighteen young healthy males (age: 22.6 ± 3.7 years, BMI: 25.6 ± 2.5 m2/kg, and VO2peak: 38.6 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min) completed two randomly assigned exercises: HIIE (10 × 1 min-@-90% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 1 min passive recovery) and MICE (30 min-@-70% HRR) on a cycle ergometer. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to assess endothelial function and blood samples were collected to evaluate endothelial cell-derived EV (CD62E+) and platelet-derived EV (CD41a+), 10, 60, and 120 min before and after exercise. There were similar increases but different time courses (P = 0.017) in FMD (increased 10 min post-HIIE, P < 0.0001 and 60 min post-MICE, P = 0.038). CD62E+ remained unchanged (P = 0.530), whereas overall CD41a+ release was reduced 60 min post-exercise (P = 0.040). FMD was not associated with EV absolute release or change (P > 0.05). Acute exercise resulted in similar improvements, but different time course in FMD following either exercise. Whilst EVs were not associated with FMD, the reduction in platelet-derived EVs may represent a protective mechanism following acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tryfonos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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5
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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6
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Ogoh S, Washio T, Stacey BS, Tsukamoto H, Iannetelli A, Owens TS, Calverley TA, Fall L, Marley CJ, Bailey DM. Effects of continuous hypoxia on flow-mediated dilation in the cerebral and systemic circulation: on the regulatory significance of shear rate phenotype. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:16. [PMID: 35858836 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emergent evidence suggests that cyclic intermittent hypoxia increases cerebral arterial shear rate and endothelial function, whereas continuous exposure decreases anterior cerebral oxygen (O2) delivery. To examine to what extent continuous hypoxia impacts cerebral shear rate, cerebral endothelial function, and consequent cerebral O2 delivery (CDO2), eight healthy males were randomly assigned single-blind to 7 h passive exposure to both normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (12% O2). Blood flow in the brachial and internal carotid arteries were determined using Duplex ultrasound and included the combined assessment of systemic and cerebral endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation. Systemic (brachial artery) flow-mediated dilatation was consistently lower during hypoxia (P = 0.013 vs. normoxia), whereas cerebral flow-mediated dilation remained preserved (P = 0.927 vs. normoxia) despite a reduction in internal carotid artery antegrade shear rate (P = 0.002 vs. normoxia) and CDO2 (P < 0.001 vs. normoxia). Collectively, these findings indicate that the reduction in CDO2 appears to be independent of cerebral endothelial function and contrasts with that observed during cyclic intermittent hypoxia, highlighting the regulatory importance of (hypoxia) dose duration and flow/shear rate phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Takuro Washio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin S Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Angelo Iannetelli
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Thomas S Owens
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Thomas A Calverley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Lewis Fall
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Christopher J Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK. .,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Pettersen EM, Hoel H, Torp H, Hisdal J, Seternes A. The effect of 12-week treatment with intermittent negative pressure on blood flow velocity and flowmotion, measured with a novel Doppler device (earlybird). Secondary outcomes from a randomized sham-controlled trial in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 86:144-157. [PMID: 35472497 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatment with intermittent negative pressure (INP) is proposed as an adjunct to standard care in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aims of this study were to evaluate the applicability of a novel ultrasound Doppler device (earlybird) to assess blood flow characteristics in patients with PAD during a treatment session with INP, and whether certain flow-properties could determine whom could benefit INP treatment. METHODS Secondary outcomes of data from a randomized sham-controlled trial were explored. Patients were randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with 40 mmHg or 10 mmHg INP, for one hour twice daily. Earlybird blood flow velocity recordings were made before and after the 12-week treatment-period and consists of a 5-minute recording in rest, 3-minute during INP treatment and 5-minute recording after ended INP test-treatment. Mean blood flow velocity (vmean), relative changes in flow and frequency spectrum by Fourier-transform of the respective bandwidths of endothelial, sympathetic, and myogenic functions, were analyzed for the different series of blood flow measurements. RESULTS In total, 62 patients were eligible for analysis, where 32 patients were treated with 40 mmHg INP. The acquired recordings were of good quality and was used for descriptive analyses of flow characteristics. An immediate increase in vmean during the negative pressure periods of the INP test-treatment was observed in the 40 mmHg INP treatment group at both pre- and post-test. There was a significant difference between the treatment groups, with a difference between the medians of 13.7 (p < 0.001) at pretest and 10.7 (p < 0.001) at posttest. This finding was confirmed with spectrum analysis by Fourier-transform of the bandwidth corresponding to INP treatment. The change in amplitude corresponding to myogenic function after 12 weeks of treatment, was significantly different in favor of the 40 mmHg INP treatment group. We were not able to detect specific flow characteristics indicating whom would benefit INP-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Earlybird is an applicable tool for assessing blood flow velocity in patients with PAD. Analysis of the flow velocity recordings shows that INP induce an immediate increase in blood flow velocities during INP. The positive effects of INP may be attributed to recruitment of arterioles, and thereby increasing blood flow. In these analyses no flow characteristics was determined which could predict whom would benefit INP-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Mulder Pettersen
- Department of circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Surgery, Sørlandet Hospital Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Henrik Hoel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Vascular Investigations, Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Otivio AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Torp
- Department of circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; CIMON Medical, NTNU Technology Transfer AS, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Vascular Investigations, Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Seternes
- Department of circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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8
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Sedgwick CE, Growcott C, Akhtar S, Parker D, Pettersen EM, Hashmi F, Williams AE. Patient and clinician experiences and opinions of the use of a novel home use medical device in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease - a qualitative study. J Foot Ankle Res 2021; 14:61. [PMID: 34861883 PMCID: PMC8642923 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-021-00496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular diseases have a significant impact on functional quality of life. Previous research has demonstrated the complex, limiting and costly economic implications of these conditions such as lower limb ulceration chronicity and ischaemic amputation. These complex, limb and life threatening conditions demand the development of novel interventions with objective research as part of that development. Hence, a novel intermittent negative pressure medical device in the form of a wearable boot (FlowOx™) was developed. As part of the development process, this study aimed to explore patient and clinician opinions of the boot. METHODS A qualitative approach was used to collect patient and clinician experiences in Norway. An advisory group informed the semi-structured questions used in seven patient interviews and one clinician focus group (n = 5). The data were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Patient and clinician data were analysed as distinct groups using a thematic process. RESULTS Data analysis resulted in five themes from the patients which gave insight into; the impact of the disease process; practicalities of using the boot, positive experiences of use; perceived outcomes; reflecting on use. Six themes were created from the clinicians. These gave insight into; ideal outcomes and how to measure them; ways to potentially use the boot; using research in healthcare; positives of the device; observed effects and next steps; potential improvements to the device. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the experiences and opinions of FlowOx™. Patients and clinicians were positive about the device due to its ease of use. Those patients with peripheral arterial disease experienced significantly more benefit, especially for ischaemic ulceration than those with a chronic venous condition. Clinicians placed value on the patient reported outcomes in the treatment decision-making process. This preliminary study into experiences of FlowOx™ use provides valuable feedback that will inform design modification and ongoing research into implementation points and prospective user groups. FlowOx™ demonstrates potential as a conservative therapy offering users a convenient, home use, self-care management solution for improving symptomatic peripheral arterial disease and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Sedgwick
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Charlotte Growcott
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Shehnaz Akhtar
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Daniel Parker
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Erik Mulder Pettersen
- Department of Surgery, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Farina Hashmi
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK.
| | - Anita Ellen Williams
- University of Salford, School of Health & Society, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
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9
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Hoel H, Pettersen EM, Høiseth LØ, Mathiesen I, Seternes A, Seljeflot I, Hisdal J. Effects of intermittent negative pressure treatment on circulating vascular biomarkers in patients with intermittent claudication. Vasc Med 2021; 26:489-496. [PMID: 33985385 PMCID: PMC8493410 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211007933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lower extremity intermittent negative pressure (INP) treatment for 1 hour twice daily for 12 weeks, on circulating vascular biomarkers in patients with intermittent claudication. Patients were randomized to treatment with -40 mmHg INP (treatment group), or -10 mmHg INP (sham control group). Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks, and concentrations of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin, von Willebrand factor (vWF), l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were analyzed. A larger proportion of the patients in the treatment group (25/31) had a reduction in vWF levels after 12 weeks, compared to the sham control group (17/30) (p = 0.043). Within the treatment group there was a significant mean (SEM) reduction in the concentration of vWF of -11% (4) (p = 0.019), whereas there was no significant change in the levels of vWF in the sham control group (1% (6); p = 0.85). There were no significant differences in the change of any of the biomarker levels between the groups after 12 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, there were no differences in the change of the circulating levels of the measured biomarkers between the treatment group and the sham control group after 12 weeks of INP treatment. However, the observed changes in vWF might indicate a beneficial effect of INP treatment on endothelial activation and endothelial injury. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03640676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hoel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo
University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Otivio AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Mulder Pettersen
- Department of Surgery, Sørlandet
Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical
Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Arne Seternes
- Department of Circulation and Medical
Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Section for
Vascular Surgery, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Center for
Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo
University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Carr J, Tremblay JC, Ives SJ, Lyall GK, Baldwin MM, Birch KM, Lee KD, Papadedes DW, King TJ, Gibbons TD, Thomas KN, Hanson BE, Bock JM, Casey DP, Ruediger SL, Bailey TG, Amin SB, Hansen AB, Lawley JS, Williams JS, Cheng JL, MacDonald MJ. Commentaries on Viewpoint: Differential impact of shear rate in the cerebral and systemic circulation: implications for endothelial function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1155-1160. [PMID: 33877934 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00045.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Carr
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia–Okanagan Campus, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joshua C. Tremblay
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia–Okanagan Campus, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Gemma K. Lyall
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Baldwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Birch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlyn D. Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Trevor J. King
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Travis D. Gibbons
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kate N. Thomas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brady E. Hanson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua M. Bock
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Darren P. Casey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Stefanie L. Ruediger
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise, Centre of Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom G. Bailey
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise, Centre of Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sachin B. Amin
- Institute for Sport Science, Division of Physiology, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander B. Hansen
- Institute for Sport Science, Division of Physiology, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Justin S. Lawley
- Institute for Sport Science, Division of Physiology, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jennifer S. Williams
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jem L. Cheng
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen J. MacDonald
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Dawson EA, Sheikhsaraf B, Boidin M, Erskine RM, Thijssen DHJ. Intra-individual differences in the effect of endurance versus resistance training on vascular function: A cross-over study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1683-1692. [PMID: 33899971 PMCID: PMC8360023 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We used a within‐subject, cross‐over design study to compare the impact of 4‐weeks' resistance (RT) versus endurance (END) training on vascular function. We subsequently explored the association of intra‐individual effects of RT versus END on vascular function with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the NOS3 gene. Thirty‐five healthy males (21 ± 2 years old) were genotyped for the NOS3 rs2070744 SNP and completed both training modalities. Participants completed 12 sessions over a 4‐week period, either RT (leg‐extension) or END (cycling) training in a randomized, balanced cross‐over design with a 3‐week washout period. Participants performed peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and leg‐extension single‐repetition maximum (1‐RM) testing, and vascular function assessment using flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) on 3 separated days pre/post‐training. Peak VO2 increased after END (p < 0.001), while 1‐RM increased after RT (p < 0.001). FMD improved after 4‐weeks’ training (time effect: p = 0.006), with no difference between exercise modalities (interaction effect: p = 0.92). No relation was found between individual changes (delta, pre‐post) in FMD to both types of training (R2 = 0.06, p = 0.14). Intra‐individual changes in FMD following END and RT were associated with the NOS3 SNP, with TT homozygotes significantly favoring only END (p = 0.016) and TC/CC tending to favor RT only (p = 0.056). Although both training modes improved vascular function, significant intra‐individual variation in the adaptation of FMD was found. The association with NOS3 genotype suggests a genetic predisposition to FMD adapting to a specific mode of chronic exercise. This study therefore provides novel evidence for personalized exercise training to optimize vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Adele Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bahare Sheikhsaraf
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maxime Boidin
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EPIC) Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Research Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Boidin M, Erskine RM, Thijssen DHJ, Dawson EA. Exercise modality, but not exercise training, alters the acute effect of exercise on endothelial function in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1716-1723. [PMID: 33955262 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a within-subject crossover design to examine the impact of exercise modality, i.e., resistance (RT) and endurance (END), on the acute impact of exercise on endothelial function. Then, we examined whether a 4-wk period of chronic exercise training altered the acute exercise-induced change in endothelial function in healthy individuals. Thirty-four healthy, young men (21 ± 2 yr) reported to our laboratory and completed assessment of endothelial function [using the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation test (FMD)] before and immediately after a single bout of RT (leg-extension) or END (cycling). Subsequently, participants completed a 4-wk period of training (12 sessions), followed by evaluation of the FMD before and after a single bout of exercise. Following a 3-wk washout, participants repeated these experiments with the different exercise modality (in a balanced crossover design). An exercise × modality interaction effect was found (P < 0.001). Post hoc pairwise analyses revealed a decrease in FMD after END (P < 0.001) but not after RT (P = 0.06). Four weeks of exercise training improved resting FMD after END and RT (P = 0.04) but did not alter the acute effect of exercise on FMD (exercise × modality × training effect: P = 0.63), an effect independent of the modality of exercise (exercise × training interaction: P = 0.46 and P = 0.11 in RT and END, respectively). These distinct changes in FMD following acute exercise may relate to the different prolonged physiological responses induced by endurance versus resistance exercise. Specifically, endurance exercise, but not resistance exercise, causes a decrease in brachial artery endothelial function, which was unaffected by 4 wk of chronic exercise training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that resistance and endurance exercise modalities lead to different endothelial function responses after a single bout of exercise. Endothelial function increased after an acute bout of resistance exercise, whereas it decreased after an acute bout of endurance exercise. Four weeks of chronic exercise training did not affect the acute endothelial function response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boidin
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EPIC) Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Adele Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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13
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Lower Extremity Intermittent Negative Pressure for Intermittent Claudication. Follow-Up after 24 Weeks of Treatment. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 75:253-258. [PMID: 33823265 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with lower extremity intermittent negative pressure (INP) of -40 mm Hg for one hour twice daily for 12 weeks, increases walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). However, the effects of INP treatment beyond 12 weeks have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effects of INP treatment after 24 weeks in patients with IC. METHODS This was a follow-up study after a randomized sham-controlled trial, where patients randomized to the active treatment group were offered to continue treatment for 12 additional weeks (24 weeks in total). Treatment with -40 mm Hg INP was applied in a pressure chamber sealed around the lower leg, and the patients were instructed to treat themselves at home one hour in the morning and one hour in the evening. Pain free walking distance (PWD), maximal walking distance (MWD), resting ankle-brachial index (ABI) and post exercise ABI were measured at baseline, after 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS Ten out of 32 patients (31%) from the active treatment group in the initial trial were included in this follow-up study. At baseline, PWD was (mean ±SD) 151 ± 91 m and MWD was 362 ±159 m. There was a significant increase in both PWD and MWD after 24 weeks of treatment, compared to baseline (ANOVA; P= 0.006 and P= 0.012, respectively). Post hoc tests revealed that PWD increased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks (mean 81 m; 95% CI [6, 156]; P = 0.032), and that MWD increased significantly from 12 to 24 weeks (mean 145 m; 95% CI [22, 268]; P = 0.018). There were no significant changes in resting ABI or post exercise ABI during the 24-week treatment period (ANOVA; P= 0.157 and P= 0.450, respectively). CONCLUSION Both PWD and MWD improved after treatment with - 40 mm Hg INP for one hour twice daily for 24 weeks, compared to baseline. The main improvement in PWD occurred during the first 12 weeks of treatment, whereas the main improvement in MWD occurred between 12 and 24 weeks of treatment.
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14
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Ogoh S, Bailey DM. Differential impact of shear rate in the cerebral and systemic circulation: implications for endothelial function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1152-1154. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00735.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
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15
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Hoel H, Hisdal J. The FlowOx device for the treatment of peripheral artery disease: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:217-220. [PMID: 33632040 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1895750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hoel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Otivio AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Hartman YAW, Tillmans LCM, Benschop DL, Hermans ANL, Nijssen KMR, Eijsvogels TMH, Willems PHGM, Tack CJ, Hopman MTE, Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ. Long-Term and Acute Benefits of Reduced Sitting on Vascular Flow and Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:341-350. [PMID: 32826636 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sedentary behavior increases the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. To understand potential benefits and underlying mechanisms, we examined the acute and long-term effect of reduced sitting intervention on vascular and cerebrovascular function. METHODS This prospective study included 24 individuals with increased cardiovascular risk (65 ± 5 yr, 29.8 ± 3.9 kg·m-2). Before and after 16-wk reduced sitting, using a mobile health device with vibrotactile feedback, we examined (i) vascular function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]), (ii) cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv, transcranial Doppler), and (iii) cerebrovascular function (cerebral autoregulation [CA] and cerebral vasomotor reactivity [CVMR]). To better understand potential underlying mechanisms, before and after intervention, we evaluated the effects of 3 h sitting with and without light-intensity physical activity breaks (every 30 min). RESULTS The first wave of participants showed no change in sedentary time (n = 9, 10.3 ± 0.5 to 10.2 ± 0.5 h·d-1, P = 0.87). Upon intervention optimization by participants' feedback, the subsequent participants (n = 15) decreased sedentary time (10.2 ± 0.4 to 9.2 ± 0.3 h·d-1, P < 0.01). This resulted in significant increases in FMD (3.1% ± 0.3% to 3.8% ± 0.4%, P = 0.02) and CBFv (48.4 ± 2.6 to 51.4. ±2.6 cm·s-1, P = 0.02), without altering CA or CVMR. Before and after the 16-wk intervention, 3-h exposure to uninterrupted sitting decreased FMD and CBFv, whereas physical activity breaks prevented a decrease (both P < 0.05). CA and CVMR did not change (P > 0.20). CONCLUSION Long-term reduction in sedentary behavior improves peripheral vascular function and cerebral blood flow and acutely prevents impaired vascular function and decreased cerebral blood flow. These results highlight the potential benefits of reducing sedentary behavior to acutely and chronically improve cardio- or cerebrovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A W Hartman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Laura C M Tillmans
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - David L Benschop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Astrid N L Hermans
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Kevin M R Nijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
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17
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Dawson EA, Boidin M, Thompson R, Cable NT, Thijssen DHJ, Green DJ. Impact of proximal and distal cuff inflation on brachial artery endothelial function in healthy individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1135-1144. [PMID: 33484336 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we examined whether the decrease in endothelial function associated with short-term exposure to elevated retrograde shear rate (SR), could be prevented when combined with a concurrent drop in transmural pressure in humans. METHODS Twenty-five healthy individuals reported to our laboratory on three occasions to complete 30-min experimental conditions, preceded and followed by assessment of endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We used cuff inflation for 30-min to manipulate retrograde SR and transmural pressure in the brachial artery. Subjects underwent, in randomised order: (1) forearm cuff inflation to 60 mmHg (distal cuff; causing increase in retrograde SR), (2) upper arm cuff inflation to 60 mmHg (proximal cuff; causing increase in retrograde SR + decrease in transmural pressure), and (3) no cuff inflation (Control). RESULTS The distal and proximal cuff conditions both increased brachial artery retrograde SR (p < 0.001) and oscillatory shear index (p < 0.001). The Control intervention did not alter SR patterns or FMD (p > 0.05). A significant interaction-effect was found for FMD (p < 0.05), with the decrease during distal cuff (from 6.9 ± 2.3% to 6.1 ± 2.5%), being reversed to an increase with proximal cuff (from 6.3 ± 2.0 to 6.9 ± 2.0%). The proximal cuff-related increase in FMD could not be explained by the decrease in antegrade or increase in retrograde shear. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a decrease in transmural pressure may ameliorate the decline in endothelial function that occurs following exposure to elevated retrograde shear in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Maxime Boidin
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EPIC) Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ruth Thompson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nigel T Cable
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitations Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Kranen SH, Oliveira RS, Bond B, Williams CA, Barker AR. The acute effect of high- and moderate-intensity interval exercise on vascular function before and after a glucose challenge in adolescents. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:913-924. [PMID: 33369795 DOI: 10.1113/ep089159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of high-intensity and moderate-intensity interval running on macro- and microvascular function in a fasted state and following a glucose challenge in adolescents? What is the main finding and its importance? Both macro- and microvascular function were improved after interval running independent of intensity. This finding shows that the intermittent exercise pattern and its associated effect on shear are important for vascular benefits. In adolescents, macrovascular function was enhanced after an acute glucose load. However, the effect of chronic glucose consumption on vascular function remains to be elucidated. ABSTRACT Interventions targeting vascular function in youth are an important strategy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study examined, in adolescents, the effect of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) and moderate-intensity interval running (MIIR) on vascular function in a fasted state and postprandially after a glucose challenge. Fifteen adolescents (13 male, 13.9 ± 0.6 years) completed the following conditions on separate days in a counterbalanced order: (1) 8 × 1 min HIIR interspersed with 75 s recovery; (2) distance-matched amount of 1 min MIIR interspersed with 75 s recovery; and (3) rest (CON). Macro- (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) and microvascular (peak reactive hyperaemia, PRH) function were assessed immediately before and 90 min after exercise/rest. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2 h after exercise/rest before another assessment of vascular function 90 min after the OGTT. Following exercise, both HIIR and MIIR increased FMD (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) and PRH (P = 0.04, and P = 0.01, respectively) with no change in CON (FMD: P = 0.51; PRH: P = 0.16) and no significant differences between exercise conditions. Following the OGTT, FMD increased in CON (P < 0.01) with no changes in HIIR and MIIR (both P > 0.59). There was no change in PRH after the OGTT (all P > 0.40). In conclusion, vascular function is improved after interval running independent of intensity in adolescents. Acute hyperglycaemia increased FMD, but prior exercise did not change vascular function after the OGTT in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha H Kranen
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ricardo S Oliveira
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bert Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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19
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Iwamoto E, Ogoh S. Fluctuating shear during resistance exercise. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2004-2006. [PMID: 33124704 DOI: 10.1113/ep089174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Iwamoto
- School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe-Shi, Saitama, Japan
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20
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Iwamoto E, Hanson BE, Bock JM, Casey DP. Intermittent hypoxia enhances shear-mediated dilation of the internal carotid artery in young adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:603-611. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00274.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the effects of cyclic intermittent hypoxia (IH) on shear-mediated dilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA), a potential index of cerebral endothelial function, in young adults. Cyclic IH increased blood flow and shear rate in the ICA and, as a result, increased shear-mediated dilation of the ICA. These data suggest that cyclic IH could potentially be applied as a nonpharmacological therapy to optimize cerebral vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Iwamoto
- Human Integrative and Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Brady E. Hanson
- Human Integrative and Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua M. Bock
- Human Integrative and Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Darren P. Casey
- Human Integrative and Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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21
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Limberg JK, Casey DP, Trinity JD, Nicholson WT, Wray DW, Tschakovsky ME, Green DJ, Hellsten Y, Fadel PJ, Joyner MJ, Padilla J. Assessment of resistance vessel function in human skeletal muscle: guidelines for experimental design, Doppler ultrasound, and pharmacology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H301-H325. [PMID: 31886718 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00649.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of duplex Doppler ultrasound almost half a century ago signified a revolutionary advance in the ability to assess limb blood flow in humans. It is now widely used to assess blood flow under a variety of experimental conditions to study skeletal muscle resistance vessel function. Despite its pervasive adoption, there is substantial variability between studies in relation to experimental protocols, procedures for data analysis, and interpretation of findings. This guideline results from a collegial discussion among physiologists and pharmacologists, with the goal of providing general as well as specific recommendations regarding the conduct of human studies involving Doppler ultrasound-based measures of resistance vessel function in skeletal muscle. Indeed, the focus is on methods used to assess resistance vessel function and not upstream conduit artery function (i.e., macrovasculature), which has been expertly reviewed elsewhere. In particular, we address topics related to experimental design, data collection, and signal processing as well as review common procedures used to assess resistance vessel function, including postocclusive reactive hyperemia, passive limb movement, acute single limb exercise, and pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Darren P Casey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - D Walter Wray
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael E Tschakovsky
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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