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Graham MC, Thompson KL, Hawk GS, Fry CS, Noehren B. Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area Is Associated With Quadriceps Strength and Rate of Torque Development After ACL Injury. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e273-e279. [PMID: 38349361 PMCID: PMC11116075 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Graham, MC, Thompson, KL, Hawk, GS, Fry, CS, and Noehren, B. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area is associated with quadriceps strength and rate of torque development after ACL injury. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e273-e279, 2024-The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle fiber type-specific properties of the vastus lateralis and quadriceps muscle performance in individuals after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. 26 subjects (22.0 ± 5.4 years) were included in this cross-sectional study, and all data were collected before ACL reconstruction. Quadriceps peak torque (QPT) and early (0-100 ms) and late (100-200 ms) rate of torque development (RTD) were obtained from maximal voluntary isometric quadriceps strength testing. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and percent fiber type distribution (FT%) were evaluated through immunohistochemical analysis of a muscle biopsy. Between-limb differences in fiber characteristics were assessed using paired t-tests (with α-level 0.05). Relationships between fiber-specific properties and quadriceps muscle performance were determined using separate multiple linear regression analyses for ACL-injured and noninjured limbs. There were significant differences in fCSA between ACL-injured and noninjured limbs across all fiber types, but no differences in FT%. Type 1 fCSA, type 2a fCSA, and their interaction effect were the explanatory variables with the strongest relationship to all performance outcomes for the ACL-injured limb. The explanatory variables in the ACL-injured limb had a significant relationship to QPT and late RTD, but not early RTD. These findings suggest that QPT and late RTD are more heavily influenced by fCSA than FT% in ACL-injured limbs. This work serves as a foundation for the development of more specific rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving quadriceps muscle function before ACL reconstruction or for individuals electing nonsurgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Graham
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Gregory S Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Athletic Training & Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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2
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Du G, Zhang P, Guo J, Zhou X, Kan G, Jia J, Chen X, Liang J, Zhan Y. Exploring Radiomics Features Based on H&E Images as Potential Biomarkers for Evaluating Muscle Atrophy: A Preliminary Study. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024:10.1007/s10278-024-01122-w. [PMID: 38653909 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-01122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Radiomics features have been widely used as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of various diseases, but whether radiomics features derived from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images can evaluate muscle atrophy has not been studied. Therefore, this study aims to establish a new biomarker based on H&E images using radiomics methods to quantitatively analyze H&E images, which is crucial for improving the accuracy of muscle atrophy assessment. Firstly, a weightless muscle atrophy model was established by laying macaques in bed, and H&E images of the shank muscle fibers of the control and bed rest (BR) macaques were collected. Muscle fibers were accurately segmented by designing a semi-supervised segmentation framework based on contrastive learning. Then, 77 radiomics features were extracted from the segmented muscle fibers, and a stable subset of features was selected through the LASSO method. Finally, the correlation between radiomics features and muscle atrophy was analyzed using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The semi-supervised segmentation results show that the proposed method had an average Spearman's and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 88% and 86% compared to manually extracted features, respectively. Radiomics analysis showed that the AUC of the muscle atrophy evaluation model based on H&E images was 96.87%. For individual features, GLSZM_SZE outperformed other features in terms of AUC (91.5%) and ACC (84.4%). In summary, the feature extraction based on the semi-supervised segmentation method is feasible and reliable for subsequent radiomics research. Texture features have greater advantages in evaluating muscle atrophy compared to other features. This study provides important biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getao Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Institute of Applied Acoustics, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jimin Liang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
| | - Yonghua Zhan
- School of Life Science and Technology, & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China.
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Guo Q, Luo Q, Song G. Control of muscle satellite cell function by specific exercise-induced cytokines and their applications in muscle maintenance. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:466-476. [PMID: 38375571 PMCID: PMC10995279 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is recognized to play an observable role in improving human health, especially in promoting muscle hypertrophy and intervening in muscle mass loss-related diseases, including sarcopenia. Recent rapid advances have demonstrated that exercise induces the release of abundant cytokines from several tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), and multiple cytokines improve the functions or expand the numbers of adult stem cells, providing candidate cytokines for alleviating a wide range of diseases. Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are a population of muscle stem cells that are mitotically quiescent but exit from the dormancy state to become activated in response to physical stimuli, after which SCs undergo asymmetric divisions to generate new SCs (stem cell pool maintenance) and commit to later differentiation into myocytes (skeletal muscle replenishment). SCs are essential for the postnatal growth, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Emerging evidence reveals that exercise regulates muscle function largely via the exercise-induced cytokines that govern SC potential, but this phenomenon is complicated and confusing. This review provides a comprehensive integrative overview of the identified exercise-induced cytokines and the roles of these cytokines in SC function, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanism of SC homeostasis and rejuvenation therapies for skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
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Owen MK, Casadonte KR, Thomas NT, Latham CM, Brightwell CR, Thompson KL, Hawk GS, Jacobs CA, Johnson DL, Fry CS, Noehren B. Sex Differences in Quadriceps Atrophy After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear. Sports Health 2024:19417381241230612. [PMID: 38436049 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241230612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female athletes lag behind their male counterparts in recovery from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Quadriceps muscle size and strength are crucial factors for regaining function after ACL injury, but little is known about how these metrics vary due to biological sex. HYPOTHESIS Female patients have reduced vastus lateralis fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and lower quadriceps strength after ACL injury than male patients. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS A total of 60 participants with recent ACL tear were evaluated for vastus lateralis muscle fiber CSA, isometric quadriceps peak torque, and quadriceps rate of torque development. Linear mixed models were fit to determine differences across sex and limb for each variable of interest. RESULTS The female group averaged almost 20% atrophy between limbs (P < 0.01), while the male group averaged just under 4% (P = 0.05). Strength deficits between limbs were comparable between female and male groups. CONCLUSION Immediately after ACL injury, female patients have greater between-limb differences in muscle fiber CSA but between-limb strength deficits comparable with those of male patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that the underpinnings of strength loss differ based on biological sex, and thus individual patients could benefit from a sex-specific treatment approach to ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith K Owen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kelsey R Casadonte
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christine M Latham
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Katherine L Thompson
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gregory S Hawk
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Cale A Jacobs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Darren L Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Campisi M, Cannella L, Pavanello S. Cosmic chronometers: Is spaceflight a catalyst for biological ageing? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102227. [PMID: 38346506 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Astronauts returning from space missions often exhibit health issues mirroring age-related conditions, suggesting spaceflight as a potential driver of biological ageing and age-related diseases. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of these conditions, this comprehensive review explores the impact of the space "exposome" on the twelve hallmarks of ageing. Through a meticulous analysis encompassing both space environments and terrestrial analogs, we aim to decipher how different conditions influence ageing hallmarks. Utilizing PubMed, we identified 189 studies and 60 meet screening criteria. Research on biological ageing in space has focused on genomic instability, chronic inflammation, and deregulated nutrient sensing. Spaceflight consistently induces genomic instability, linked to prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation, triggers pro-inflammatory and immune alterations, resembling conditions in isolated simulations. Nutrient sensing pathways reveal increased systemic insulin-like growth-factor-1. Microbiome studies indicate imbalances favoring opportunistic species during spaceflight. Telomere dynamics present intriguing patterns, with lengthening during missions and rapid shortening upon return. Despite a pro-ageing trend, some protective mechanisms emerge. Countermeasures, encompassing dietary adjustments, prebiotics, postbiotics, symbiotics, tailored exercises, meditation, and anti-inflammatory supplements, exhibit potential. Spaceflight's impact on ageing is intricate, with diverse findings challenging established beliefs. Multidisciplinary studies provide guidance for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Campisi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luana Cannella
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Mojas E, Santisteban A, Muñoz-Pérez I, Larrinaga-Undabarrena A, Arietaleanizbeaskoa MS, Mendizabal-Gallastegui N, Grandes G, Cacicedo J, Río X. Differences in Functional Capacity between Oncologic and Non-Oncologic Populations: Reference Values. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:318. [PMID: 38338203 PMCID: PMC10855221 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the fact that in the context of increasing global aging and cancer diagnoses, additional challenges arise in clinical care. Adequate functionality and body composition are key to coping with antineoplastic treatment, which can lead to better treatment tolerance, survival, and quality of life. This is a cross-sectional comparative study focused on the assessment and comparison of body composition and functionality between cancer patients and a reference population, with the aim of establishing meaningful baseline values. Techniques such as manual dynamometry, the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand test, and bioimpedance were used to collect data from 374 oncologic patients and 1244 reference individuals. The results reveal significant disparities in functionality and body composition among participants, and provide age group-specific adjusted baseline values for those diagnosed with cancer. These findings may have crucial clinical implications for applying particular cut-off points designed for this population group, which makes the assessment process faster and more accurate, enhances the capacity of medical personnel to act quickly, and improves the management of frailty in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egoitz Mojas
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Aitor Santisteban
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Iker Muñoz-Pérez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Arkaitz Larrinaga-Undabarrena
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Maria Soledad Arietaleanizbeaskoa
- Comprehensive Care Group for Patients with Chronic Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (M.S.A.); (N.M.-G.); (G.G.)
| | - Nere Mendizabal-Gallastegui
- Comprehensive Care Group for Patients with Chronic Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (M.S.A.); (N.M.-G.); (G.G.)
| | - Gonzalo Grandes
- Comprehensive Care Group for Patients with Chronic Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (M.S.A.); (N.M.-G.); (G.G.)
| | - Jon Cacicedo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Xabier Río
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
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Sayed RKA, Hibbert JE, Jorgenson KW, Hornberger TA. The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2023; 12:2811. [PMID: 38132132 PMCID: PMC10741885 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass plays a fundamental role in health and issues associated with quality of life. Mechanical signals are one of the most potent regulators of muscle mass, with a decrease in mechanical loading leading to a decrease in muscle mass. This concept has been supported by a plethora of human- and animal-based studies over the past 100 years and has resulted in the commonly used term of 'disuse atrophy'. These same studies have also provided a great deal of insight into the structural adaptations that mediate disuse-induced atrophy. For instance, disuse results in radial atrophy of fascicles, and this is driven, at least in part, by radial atrophy of the muscle fibers. However, the ultrastructural adaptations that mediate these changes remain far from defined. Indeed, even the most basic questions, such as whether the radial atrophy of muscle fibers is driven by the radial atrophy of myofibrils and/or myofibril hypoplasia, have yet to be answered. In this review, we thoroughly summarize what is known about the macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural adaptations that mediated disuse-induced atrophy and highlight some of the major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Jamie E. Hibbert
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kent W. Jorgenson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Troy A. Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Taskin Gurel B, Vardar Yagli N, Calik Kutukcu E, Saglam M, Inal Ince D, Arikan H, Dogrul AB, Abbasoglu O. Long-Term Declines in Physical Fitness and Physical Activity for Individuals With Post-Liver Transplantation Compared to Healthy Controls. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2450-2464. [PMID: 37643424 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231199662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Functional changes are essential determinants of mortality and morbidity in individuals with chronic liver disease. However, there is limited information about whether these changes persist long-term after liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to compare physical fitness, physical activity, balance, kinesiophobia, and fatigue between patients with LT and healthy controls. All participants underwent evaluation with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) for exercise capacity and physical fitness, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity, the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for kinesiophobia, and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) for fatigue. We studied 16 persons with LT (M age = 40.56, SD = 15.73 years; M time since LT = 66.81, SD = 72.05 months) and 16 control participants (M age = 39.87, SD = 13.98 years). Compared to controls, participants with LT showed significantly poorer performance on the SFT components assessing upper and lower body strength, aerobic endurance, agility, and dynamic balance (p < .001 for all), significantly lower IPAQ physical activity scores (p = .002) and BBS score (p = .017), and significantly higher TUG time (p < .001) and TSK, FSS, and FIS scores (p = .001, p = .001, and p = .004, respectively). Individuals with post-LT had lower exercise capacity, physical fitness, balance, and physical activity, and higher kinesiophobia and fatigue levels in the long-term compared to their peers. Future studies should focus on frailty in individuals in the long term after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Taskin Gurel
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Vardar Yagli
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik Kutukcu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Saglam
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inal Ince
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulya Arikan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bulent Dogrul
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Abbasoglu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Teodoro JL, Martínez‐Velilla N, Zambom‐Ferraresi F, Moriguchi EH, Sáez de Asteasu ML. Effects of short-term multicomponent exercise intervention on muscle power in hospitalized older patients: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2959-2968. [PMID: 37989600 PMCID: PMC10751409 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bed rest during hospitalization can negatively impact functional independence and clinical status of older individuals. Strategies focused on maintaining and improving muscle function may help reverse these losses. This study investigated the effects of a short-term multicomponent exercise intervention on maximal strength and muscle power in hospitalized older patients. METHODS This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial was conducted in an acute care unit in a tertiary public hospital. Ninety (39 women) older patients (mean age 87.7 ± 4.8 years) undergoing acute-care hospitalization [median (IQR) duration 8 (1.75) and 8 (3) days for intervention and control groups, respectively]) were randomly assigned to an exercise intervention group (n = 44) or a control group (n = 46). The control group received standard care hospital including physical rehabilitation as needed. The multicomponent exercise intervention was performed for 3 consecutive days during the hospitalization, consisting of individualized power training, balance, and walking exercises. Outcomes assessed at baseline and discharge were maximal strength through 1 repetition maximum test (1RM) in the leg press and bench press exercises, and muscle power output at different loads (≤30% of 1RM and between 45% and 55% of 1RM) in the leg press exercise. Mean peak power during 10 repetitions was assessed at loads between 45% and 55% of 1RM. RESULTS At discharge, intervention group increased 19.2 kg (Mean Δ% = 40.4%) in leg press 1RM [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.1, 26.2 kg; P < 0.001] and 2.9 kg (Mean Δ% = 19.7%) in bench press 1RM (95% CI: 0.6, 5.2 kg; P < 0.001). The intervention group also increased peak power by 18.8 W (Mean Δ% = 69.2%) (95% CI: 8.4, 29.1 W; P < 0.001) and mean propulsive power by 9.3 (Mean Δ% = 26.8%) W (95% CI: 2.5, 16.1 W; P = 0.002) at loads ≤30% of 1RM. The intervention group also increased peak power by 39.1 W (Mean Δ% = 60.0%) (95% CI: 19.2, 59.0 W; P < 0.001) and mean propulsive power by 22.9 W (Mean Δ% = 64.1%) (95% CI: 11.7, 34.1 W; P < 0.001) at loads between 45% and 55% of 1RM. Mean peak power during the 10 repetitions improved by 20.8 W (Mean Δ% = 36.4%) (95% CI: 3.0, 38.6 W; P = 0.011). No significant changes were observed in the control group for any endpoint. CONCLUSIONS An individualized multicomponent exercise program including progressive power training performed over 3 days markedly improved muscle strength and power in acutely hospitalized older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L. Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and DanceUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- NavarrabiomedHospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)‐Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Juliana Lopes Teodoro
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and DanceUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Nicolás Martínez‐Velilla
- NavarrabiomedHospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)‐Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of GeriatricHospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)PamplonaSpain
| | - Fabricio Zambom‐Ferraresi
- NavarrabiomedHospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)‐Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu
- NavarrabiomedHospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)‐Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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10
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Gerosa L, Malvandi AM, Malavolta M, Provinciali M, Lombardi G. Exploring cellular senescence in the musculoskeletal system: Any insights for biomarkers discovery? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101943. [PMID: 37142059 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The locomotor system comprises skeletal muscles and bones with active metabolism and cellular turnover. Chronic locomotor system disorders gradually arising with aging are inversely associated with the correct function of bone and muscles. Senescent cells appear more frequently in advanced ages or pathological conditions, and the accumulation of senescent cells in muscle tissue negatively correlates with muscle regeneration, which is crucial for maintaining strength and preventing frailty. Senescence in the bone microenvironment, osteoblasts, and osteocytes affects bone turnover favoring osteoporosis. It is likely that in response to injury and age-related damage over the lifetime, a subset of niche cells accumulates oxidative stress and DNA damage beyond the threshold that primes the onset of cellular senescence. These senescent cells may acquire resistance to apoptosis that, combined with the weakened immune system, results in impaired clearance of senescent cells and their accumulation. The secretory profile of senescent cells causes local inflammation, further spreading senescence in neighboring niche cells and impairing tissue homeostasis. The resulting impairment of turnover/tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system reduces the efficiency of the organ in response to environmental needs that finally lead to functional decline. Management of the musculoskeletal system at the cellular level can benefit the quality of life and reduce early aging. This work discusses current knowledge of cellular senescence of musculoskeletal tissues to conclude with biologically active biomarkers effective enough to reveal the underlying mechanisms of tissue flaws at the earliest possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gerosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy; Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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11
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Human and African ape myosin heavy chain content and the evolution of hominin skeletal muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 281:111415. [PMID: 36931425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Humans are unique among terrestrial mammals in our manner of walking and running, reflecting 7 to 8 Ma of musculoskeletal evolution since diverging with the genus Pan. One component of this is a shift in our skeletal muscle biology towards a predominance of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) I isoforms (i.e. slow fibers) across our pelvis and lower limbs, which distinguishes us from chimpanzees. Here, new MyHC data from 35 pelvis and hind limb muscles of a Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) are presented. These data are combined with a similar chimpanzee dataset to assess the MyHC I content of humans in comparison to African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) and other terrestrial mammals. The responsiveness of human skeletal muscle to behavioral interventions is also compared to the human-African ape differential. Humans are distinct from African apes and among a small group of terrestrial mammals whose pelvis and hind/lower limb muscle is slow fiber dominant, on average. Behavioral interventions, including immobilization, bed rest, spaceflight and exercise, can induce modest decreases and increases in human MyHC I content (i.e. -9.3% to 2.3%, n = 2033 subjects), but these shifts are much smaller than the mean human-African ape differential (i.e. 31%). Taken together, these results indicate muscle fiber content is likely an evolvable trait under selection in the hominin lineage. As such, we highlight potential targets of selection in the genome (e.g. regions that regulate MyHC content) that may play an important role in hominin skeletal muscle evolution.
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12
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Upregulation of Sarcolemmal Hemichannels and Inflammatory Transcripts with Neuromuscular Junction Instability during Lower Limb Unloading in Humans. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030431. [PMID: 36979123 PMCID: PMC10044797 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle atrophy and a disproportionate force loss occur within a few days of unloading in space and on Earth, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Disruption of neuromuscular junction homeostasis has been proposed as one of the possible causes. Here, we investigated the potential mechanisms involved in this neuromuscular disruption induced by a 10-day unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) in humans. Specifically, we investigated hemichannels’ upregulation, neuromuscular junction and axonal damage, neurotrophins’ receptor downregulation and inflammatory transcriptional signatures. Biomarkers were evaluated at local and systemic levels. At the sarcolemmal level, changes were found to be associated with an increased expression of connexin 43 and pannexin-1. Upregulation of the inflammatory transcripts revealed by deep transcriptomics was found after 10 days of ULLS. The destabilisation of the neuromuscular junction was not accompanied by changes in the secretion of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4, while their receptor, BDNF/NT growth factors receptor (TrkB), decreased. Furthermore, at 5 days of ULLS, there was already a significant upregulation of the serum neurofilament light chain concentration, an established clinical biomarker of axonal injury. At 10 days of ULLS, other biomarkers of early denervation processes appeared. Hence, short periods of muscle unloading induce sarcolemmal hemichannels upregulation, inflammatory transcripts upregulation, neuromuscular junction instability and axonal damage.
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13
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Kahn RE, Krater T, Larson JE, Encarnacion M, Karakostas T, Patel NM, Swaroop VT, Dayanidhi S. Resident muscle stem cell myogenic characteristics in postnatal muscle growth impairments in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C614-C631. [PMID: 36622072 PMCID: PMC9942895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy (CP), a perinatal brain alteration, have impaired postnatal muscle growth, with some muscles developing contractures. Functionally, children are either able to walk or primarily use wheelchairs. Satellite cells are muscle stem cells (MuSCs) required for postnatal development and source of myonuclei. Only MuSC abundance has been previously reported in contractured muscles, with myogenic characteristics assessed only in vitro. We investigated whether MuSC myogenic, myonuclear, and myofiber characteristics in situ differ between contractured and noncontractured muscles, across functional levels, and compared with typically developing (TD) children with musculoskeletal injury. Open muscle biopsies were obtained from 36 children (30 CP, 6 TD) during surgery; contracture correction for adductors or gastrocnemius, or from vastus lateralis [bony surgery in CP, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair in TD]. Muscle cross sections were immunohistochemically labeled for MuSC abundance, activation, proliferation, nuclei, myofiber borders, type-1 fibers, and collagen content in serial sections. Although MuSC abundance was greater in contractured muscles, primarily in type-1 fibers, their myogenic characteristics (activation, proliferation) were lower compared with noncontractured muscles. Overall, MuSC abundance, activation, and proliferation appear to be associated with collagen content. Myonuclear number was similar between all muscles, but only in contractured muscles were there associations between myonuclear number, MuSC abundance, and fiber cross-sectional area. Puzzlingly, MuSC characteristics were similar between ambulatory and nonambulatory children. Noncontractured muscles in children with CP had a lower MuSC abundance compared with TD-ACL injured children, but similar myogenic characteristics. Contractured muscles may have an intrinsic deficiency in developmental progression for postnatal MuSC pool establishment, needed for lifelong efficient growth and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill E Larson
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Tasos Karakostas
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neeraj M Patel
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vineeta T Swaroop
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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Tang H, Wang H, Wang S, Hu SW, Lv J, Xun M, Gao K, Wang F, Chen Y, Wang D, Wang W, Li H, Shu Y. Hearing of Otof-deficient mice restored by trans-splicing of N- and C-terminal otoferlin. Hum Genet 2023; 142:289-304. [PMID: 36383253 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations to the OTOF gene are among the most common reasons for auditory neuropathy. Although cochlear implants are often effective in restoring sound transduction, there are currently no biological treatments for individuals with variants of OTOF. Previous studies have reported the rescue of hearing in DFNB9 mice using OTOF gene replacement although the efficacy needs improvement. Here, we developed a novel dual-AAV-mediated gene therapy system based on the principles of protein trans-splicing, and we show that this system can reverse bilateral deafness in Otof -/- mice after a single unilateral injection. The system effectively expressed exogenous mouse or human otoferlin after injection on postnatal day 0-2. Human otoferlin restored hearing to near wild-type levels for at least 6 months and restored the release of synaptic vesicles in inner hair cells. Our study not only provides a preferential clinical strategy for the treatment of OTOF-related auditory neuropathies, but also describes a route of development for other large-gene therapies and protein engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Tang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shao Wei Hu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Lv
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengzhao Xun
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kaiyu Gao
- Shanghai Refreshgene Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Room 2001, Building 7-5, Free Trade No.1 Park, 160 Basheng Road, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Fang Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daqi Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuqing Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Oranger A, Storlino G, Dicarlo M, Zerlotin R, Pignataro P, Sanesi L, Narici M, Pišot R, Simunič B, Colaianni G, Grano M, Colucci S. Impact of 10-day bed rest on serum levels of irisin and markers of musculoskeletal metabolism. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22668. [PMID: 36475382 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201005rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bed rest (BR) is a ground-based model to simulate microgravity mimicking skeletal-muscle alterations as in spaceflight. Molecular coupling between bone and muscle might be involved in physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, the new myokine irisin and bone-muscle turnover markers have been studied during and after 10 days of BR. Ten young male individuals were subjected to 10 days of horizontal BR. Serum concentrations of irisin, myostatin, sclerostin, and haptoglobin were assessed, and muscle tissue gene expression on vastus lateralis biopsies was determined. During 10-days BR, we observed no significant fluctuation levels of irisin, myostatin, and sclerostin. Two days after BR (R+2), irisin serum levels significantly decreased while myostatin, sclerostin, and haptoglobin were significantly increased compared with BR0. Gene expression of myokines, inflammatory molecules, transcription factors, and markers of muscle atrophy and senescence on muscle biopsies were not altered, suggesting that muscle metabolism of young, healthy subjects is able to adapt to the hypomobility condition during 10-day BR. However, when subjects were divided according to irisin serum levels at BR9, muscle ring finger-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in subjects with higher irisin serum levels, suggesting that this myokine may prevent the triggering of muscle atrophy. Moreover, the negative correlation between p21 mRNA and irisin at BR9 indicated a possible inhibitory effect of the myokine on the senescence marker. In conclusion, irisin could be a prognostic marker of hypomobility-induced muscle atrophy, and its serum levels could protect against muscle deterioration by preventing and/or delaying the expression of atrophy and senescence cellular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Oranger
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Simunič
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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16
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Raffin J, de Souto Barreto P, Le Traon AP, Vellas B, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Rolland Y. Sedentary behavior and the biological hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101807. [PMID: 36423885 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While the benefits of physical exercise for a healthy aging are well-recognized, a growing body of evidence shows that sedentary behavior has deleterious health effects independently, to some extent, of physical activity levels. Yet, the increasing prevalence of sedentariness constitutes a major public health issue that contributes to premature aging but the potential cellular mechanisms through which prolonged immobilization may accelerate biological aging remain unestablished. This narrative review summarizes the impact of sedentary behavior using different models of extreme sedentary behaviors including bedrest, unilateral limb suspension and space travel studies, on the hallmarks of aging such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. We further highlight the remaining knowledge gaps that need more research in order to promote healthspan extension and to provide future contributions to the field of geroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Raffin
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Pavy Le Traon
- Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), Neurology Department CHU Toulouse, INSERM U 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (IUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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17
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Sirago G, Pellegrino MA, Bottinelli R, Franchi MV, Narici MV. Loss of neuromuscular junction integrity and muscle atrophy in skeletal muscle disuse. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101810. [PMID: 36471545 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PI) is a major risk factor of chronic diseases. A major aspect of PI is loss of muscle mass and strength. The latter phenomenon significantly impacts daily life and represent a major issue for global health. Understandably, skeletal muscle itself has been the major focus of studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying loss of mass and strength. Relatively lesser attention has been given to the contribution of alterations in somatomotor control, despite the fact that these changes can start very early and can occur at multiple levels, from the cortex down to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). It is well known that exposure to chronic inactivity or immobilization causes a disproportionate loss of force compared to muscle mass, i.e. a loss of specific or intrinsic whole muscle force. The latter phenomenon may be partially explained by the loss of specific force of individual muscle fibres, but several other players are very likely to contribute to such detrimental phenomenon. Irrespective of the length of the disuse period, the loss of force is, in fact, more than two-fold greater than that of muscle size. It is very likely that somatomotor alterations may contribute to this loss in intrinsic muscle force. Here we review evidence that alterations of one component of somatomotor control, namely the neuromuscular junction, occur in disuse. We also discuss some of the novel players in NMJ stability (e.g., homer, bassoon, pannexin) and the importance of new established and emerging molecular markers of neurodegenerative processes in humans such as agrin, neural-cell adhesion molecule and light-chain neurofilaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Maria A Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Martino V Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco V Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy; CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy.
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18
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Kanazashi M, Tanaka M. Acute effect of electrical stimulation on muscle protein synthesis and break-down in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rats. Biomed Res 2023; 44:209-218. [PMID: 37779033 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.44.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is effective for disuse-induced muscle atrophy. However, the acute effect of ES on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of a single-session ES treatment on mTORC1 signaling, MPS, and MPB in the soleus muscle of 2-week hindlimb unloaded rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 12 male) were randomly divided into control (CON) and hindlimb unloaded (HU) groups. After 2 weeks, the right soleus muscle was percutaneously stimulated and underwent supramaximal isometric contractions. The left soleus muscle served as an internal control. We collected soleus muscle samples 6 h after ES. Two weeks of HU decreased p70S6K and S6rp activation, downstream factors for mTORC1 signaling, and SUnSET method-assessed MPS, but increased the LC3-II/I ratio, an indicator of autophagy. ES on disused muscle successfully activated mTORC1 signaling but did not affect MPS. Contrary, ES decreased ubiquitinated proteins expression and LC3B-II/I ratio. HU might affect mTORC1 activation and MPS differently in response to acute ES possibly due to excessive ROS production caused by ES. Our findings suggest that ES applied to disused skeletal muscles may suppress MPB, but its effect on MPS appears to be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima 723-0053, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional Uni- versity, 3-2-18 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-0913, Japan
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19
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Fujimaki S, Ono Y. Murine Models of Tenotomy-Induced Mechanical Overloading and Tail-Suspension-Induced Mechanical Unloading. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:207-215. [PMID: 36995597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that can alter its mass and strength in response to mechanical stimulation, such as overloading and unloading, which lead to muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, respectively. Mechanical loading in the muscle influences muscle stem cell dynamics, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Although experimental models of mechanical overloading and unloading have been widely used for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle plasticity and stem cell function, few studies have described the methods in detail. Here, we describe the appropriate procedures for tenotomy-induced mechanical overloading and tail-suspension-induced mechanical unloading, which are the most common and simple methods to induce muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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20
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Hendrickse PW, Wüst RCI, Ganse B, Giakoumaki I, Rittweger J, Bosutti A, Degens H. Capillary rarefaction during bed rest is proportionally less than fibre atrophy and loss of oxidative capacity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2712-2723. [PMID: 36102002 PMCID: PMC9745458 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle disuse from bed rest or spaceflight results in losses in muscle mass, strength and oxidative capacity. Capillary rarefaction may contribute to muscle atrophy and the reduction in oxidative capacity during bed rest. Artificial gravity may attenuate the negative effects of long-term space missions or bed rest. The aim of the present study was to assess (1) the effects of bed rest on muscle fibre size, fibre type composition, capillarization and oxidative capacity in the vastus lateralis and soleus muscles after 6 and 55 days of bed rest and (2) the effectiveness of artificial gravity in mitigating bed-rest-induced detriments to these parameters. METHODS Nineteen participants were assigned to a control group (control, n = 6) or an intervention group undergoing 30 min of centrifugation (n = 13). All underwent 55 days of head-down tilt bed rest. Vastus lateralis and soleus biopsies were taken at baseline and after 6 and 55 days of bed rest. Fibre type composition, fibre cross-sectional area, capillarization indices and oxidative capacity were determined. RESULTS After just 6 days of bed rest, fibre atrophy (-23.2 ± 12.4%, P < 0.001) and reductions in capillary-to-fibre ratio (C:F; 1.97 ± 0.57 vs. 1.56 ± 0.41, P < 0.001) were proportional in both muscles as reflected by a maintained capillary density. Fibre atrophy proceeded at a much slower rate between 6 and 55 days of bed rest (-11.6 ± 12.1% of 6 days, P = 0.032) and was accompanied by a 19.1% reduction in succinate dehydrogenase stain optical density (P < 0.001), without any further significant decrements in C:F (1.56 ± 0.41 vs. 1.49 ± 0.37, P = 0.459). Consequently, after 55 days of bed rest, the capillary supply-oxidative capacity ratio of a fibre had increased by 41.9% (P < 0.001), indicating a capillarization in relative excess of oxidative capacity. Even though the heterogeneity of capillary spacing (LogR SD) was increased after 55 days by 12.7% (P = 0.004), tissue oxygenation at maximal oxygen consumption of the fibres was improved after 55 days bed rest. Daily centrifugation failed to blunt the bed-rest-induced reductions in fibre size and oxidative capacity and capillary rarefaction. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity with the capillary supply of a fibre is uncoupled during prolonged bed rest as reflected by a rapid loss of muscle mass and capillaries, followed at later stages by a more than proportional loss of mitochondria without further capillary loss. The resulting excessive capillary supply of the muscle after prolonged bed rest is advantageous for the delivery of substrates needed for subsequent muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul William Hendrickse
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bergita Ganse
- Werner Siemens Foundation Endowed Chair for Innovative Implant Development (Fracture Healing), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ifigeneia Giakoumaki
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Apis Assay Technologies Ltd., Manchester, UK
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hans Degens
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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21
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Lactate Activates AMPK Remodeling of the Cellular Metabolic Profile and Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213996. [PMID: 36430479 PMCID: PMC9694550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a general compound fuel serving as the fulcrum of metabolism, which is produced from glycolysis and shuttles between different cells, tissues and organs. Lactate is usually accumulated abundantly in muscles during exercise. It remains unclear whether lactate plays an important role in the metabolism of muscle cells. In this research, we assessed the effects of lactate on myoblasts and clarified the underlying metabolic mechanisms through NMR-based metabonomic profiling. Lactate treatment promoted the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, as indicated by significantly enhanced expression levels of the proteins related to cellular proliferation and differentiation, including p-AKT, p-ERK, MyoD and myogenin. Moreover, lactate treatment profoundly regulated metabolisms in myoblasts by promoting the intake and intracellular utilization of lactate, activating the TCA cycle, and thereby increasing energy production. For the first time, we found that lactate treatment evidently promotes AMPK signaling as reflected by the elevated expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ACC. Our results showed that lactate as a metabolic regulator activates AMPK, remodeling the cellular metabolic profile, and thereby promoting the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. This study elucidates molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of lactate on skeletal muscle in vitro and may be of benefit to the exploration of lactate acting as a metabolic regulator.
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22
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Inns TB, Bass JJ, Hardy EJ, Wilkinson DJ, Stashuk DW, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Piasecki M. Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation. J Physiol 2022; 600:4753-4769. [PMID: 36088611 PMCID: PMC9827843 DOI: 10.1113/jp283425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disuse atrophy, caused by situations of unloading such as limb immobilisation, causes a rapid yet diverging reduction in skeletal muscle function when compared to muscle mass. While mechanistic insight into the loss of mass is well studied, deterioration of muscle function with a focus towards the neural input to muscle remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the role of motor unit adaptation in disuse-induced neuromuscular deficits. Ten young, healthy male volunteers underwent 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation with intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) bilaterally recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL) during knee extensor contractions normalised to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), pre and post disuse. Muscle cross-sectional area was determined by ultrasound. Individual MUs were sampled and analysed for changes in motor unit (MU) discharge and MU potential (MUP) characteristics. VL CSA was reduced by approximately 15% which was exceeded by a two-fold decrease of 31% in muscle strength in the immobilised limb, with no change in either parameter in the non-immobilised limb. Parameters of MUP size were reduced by 11% to 24% with immobilisation, while neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission instability remained unchanged, and MU firing rate decreased by 8% to 11% at several contraction levels. All adaptations were observed in the immobilised limb only. These findings highlight impaired neural input following immobilisation reflected by suppressed MU firing rate which may underpin the disproportionate reductions of strength relative to muscle size. KEY POINTS: Muscle mass and function decline rapidly in situations of disuse such as bed rest and limb immobilisation. The reduction in muscle function commonly exceeds that of muscle mass, which may be associated with the dysregulation of neural input to muscle. We have used intramuscular electromyography to sample individual motor unit and near fibre potentials from the vastus lateralis following 15 days of unilateral limb immobilisation. Following disuse, the disproportionate loss of muscle strength when compared to size coincided with suppressed motor unit firing rate. These motor unit adaptations were observed at multiple contraction levels and in the immobilised limb only. Our findings demonstrate neural dysregulation as a key component of functional loss following muscle disuse in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Inns
- Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing & PhysiologyMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRCUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Joseph J. Bass
- Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing & PhysiologyMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRCUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Edward J.O. Hardy
- Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing & PhysiologyMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRCUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
- Department of Surgery and AnaestheticsRoyal Derby HospitalDerbyUK
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing & PhysiologyMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRCUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Daniel W. Stashuk
- Department of Systems Design EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing & PhysiologyMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRCUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing & PhysiologyMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRCUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing & PhysiologyMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRCUniversity of NottinghamDerbyUK
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23
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Sarto F, Stashuk DW, Franchi MV, Monti E, Zampieri S, Valli G, Sirago G, Candia J, Hartnell LM, Paganini M, McPhee JS, De Vito G, Ferrucci L, Reggiani C, Narici MV. Effects of short-term unloading and active recovery on human motor unit properties, neuromuscular junction transmission and transcriptomic profile. J Physiol 2022; 600:4731-4751. [PMID: 36071599 PMCID: PMC9828768 DOI: 10.1113/jp283381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological alterations of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and motor unit potential (MUP) with unloading are poorly studied. We aimed to investigate these aspects and the underlying molecular mechanisms with short-term unloading and active recovery (AR). Eleven healthy males underwent a 10-day unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) period, followed by 21-day AR based on resistance exercise. Quadriceps femoris (QF) cross-sectional area (CSA) and isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were evaluated. Intramuscular electromyographic recordings were obtained during 10% and 25% MVC isometric contractions from the vastus lateralis (VL). Biomarkers of NMJ molecular instability (serum c-terminal agrin fragment, CAF), axonal damage (neurofilament light chain) and denervation status were assessed from blood samples and VL biopsies. NMJ and ion channel transcriptomic profiles were investigated by RNA-sequencing. QF CSA and MVC decreased with ULLS. Increased CAF and altered NMJ transcriptome with unloading suggested the emergence of NMJ molecular instability, which was not associated with impaired NMJ transmission stability. Instead, increased MUP complexity and decreased motor unit firing rates were found after ULLS. Downregulation of ion channel gene expression was found together with increased neurofilament light chain concentration and partial denervation. The AR period restored most of these neuromuscular alterations. In conclusion, the human NMJ is destabilized at the molecular level but shows functional resilience to a 10-day unloading period at least at relatively low contraction intensities. However, MUP properties are altered by ULLS, possibly due to alterations in ion channel dynamics and initial axonal damage and denervation. These changes are fully reversed by 21 days of AR. KEY POINTS: We used integrative electrophysiological and molecular approaches to comprehensively investigate changes in neuromuscular integrity and function after a 10-day unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), followed by 21 days of active recovery in young healthy men, with a particular focus on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and motor unit potential (MUP) properties alterations. After 10-day ULLS, we found significant NMJ molecular alterations in the absence of NMJ transmission stability impairment. These findings suggest that the human NMJ is functionally resilient against insults and stresses induced by short-term disuse at least at relatively low contraction intensities, at which low-threshold, slow-type motor units are recruited. Intramuscular electromyography analysis revealed that unloading caused increased MUP complexity and decreased motor unit firing rates, and these alterations could be related to the observed changes in skeletal muscle ion channel pool and initial and partial signs of fibre denervation and axonal damage. The active recovery period restored these neuromuscular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sarto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Daniel W. Stashuk
- Department of Systems Design EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Martino V. Franchi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,Department of SurgeryOncology, and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Giacomo Valli
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Julián Candia
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute of AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Lisa M. Hartnell
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute of AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise SciencesManchester Metropolitan University Institute of SportManchesterUK
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute of AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,Science and Research Center KoperInstitute for Kinesiology ResearchKoperSlovenia
| | - Marco V. Narici
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,Science and Research Center KoperInstitute for Kinesiology ResearchKoperSlovenia
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24
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Liu Y, Christensen PM, Hellsten Y, Gliemann L. Effects of Exercise Training Intensity and Duration on Skeletal Muscle Capillarization in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1714-1728. [PMID: 35522254 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of intensity and duration of continuous and interval exercise training on capillarization in skeletal muscle of healthy adults. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2021. Eligibility criteria for studies were endurance exercise training >2 wk in healthy adults, and the capillary to fiber ratio (C:F) and/or capillary density (CD) reported. Meta-analyses were performed, and subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted by the characteristics of participants and training scheme. RESULTS Fifty-seven trials from 38 studies were included (10%/90%, athletic/sedentary). C:F was measured in 391 subjects from 47 trials, whereas CD was measured in 428 subjects from 50 trials. Exercise training increased C:F (mean difference, 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.37)) with low heterogeneity ( I2 = 45.08%) and CD (mean difference, 49.8 (36.9-62.6) capillaries per millimeter squared) with moderate heterogeneity ( I2 = 68.82%). Compared with low-intensity training (<50% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2max )), 21% higher relative change in C:F was observed after continuous moderate-intensity training (50%-80% of V̇O 2max ) and 54% higher change after interval training with high intensity (80%-100% of V̇O 2max ) in sedentary subjects. The magnitude of capillary growth was not dependent on training intervention duration. In already trained subjects, no additional increase in capillarization was observed with various types of training. CONCLUSIONS In sedentary subjects, continuous moderate-intensity training and interval training with high intensity lead to increases in capillarization, whereas low-intensity training has less effect. Within the time frame studied, no effect on capillarization was established regarding training duration in sedentary subjects. The meta-analysis highlights the need for further studies in athlete groups to discern if increased capillarization can be obtained, and if so, which combination is optimal (time vs intensity).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ylva Hellsten
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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25
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Rahmati M, McCarthy JJ, Malakoutinia F. Myonuclear permanence in skeletal muscle memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2276-2297. [PMID: 35961635 PMCID: PMC9530508 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One aspect of skeletal muscle memory is the ability of a previously trained muscle to hypertrophy more rapidly following a period of detraining. Although the molecular basis of muscle memory remains to be fully elucidated, one potential mechanism thought to mediate muscle memory is the permanent retention of myonuclei acquired during the initial phase of hypertrophic growth. However, myonuclear permanence is debated and would benefit from a meta-analysis to clarify the current state of the field for this important aspect of skeletal muscle plasticity. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to assess the permanence of myonuclei associated with changes in physical activity and ageing. When available, the abundance of satellite cells (SCs) was also considered given their potential influence on changes in myonuclear abundance. One hundred forty-seven peer-reviewed articles were identified for inclusion across five separate meta-analyses; (1-2) human and rodent studies assessed muscle response to hypertrophy; (3-4) human and rodent studies assessed muscle response to atrophy; and (5) human studies assessed muscle response with ageing. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy was associated with higher myonuclear content that was retained in rodents, but not humans, with atrophy (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI -1.71 to 0.51, P = 0.29, and MD = 83.46, 95% CI -649.41 to 816.32, P = 0.82; respectively). Myonuclear and SC content were both lower following atrophy in humans (MD = -11, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.03, P = 0.005, and SMD = -0.49, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.22, P = 0.0005; respectively), although the response in rodents was affected by the type of muscle under consideration and the mode of atrophy. Whereas rodent myonuclei were found to be more permanent regardless of the mode of atrophy, atrophy of ≥30% was associated with a reduction in myonuclear content (SMD = -1.02, 95% CI -1.53 to -0.51, P = 0.0001). In humans, sarcopenia was accompanied by a lower myonuclear and SC content (MD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.85, P = 0.02, and SMD = 0.78, 95% CI 0.37-1.19, P = 0.0002; respectively). The major finding from the present meta-analysis is that myonuclei are not permanent but are lost during periods of atrophy and with ageing. These findings do not support the concept of skeletal muscle memory based on the permanence of myonuclei and suggest other mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may have a more important role in mediating this aspect of skeletal muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Fatemeh Malakoutinia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
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26
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Hedge ET, Patterson CA, Mastrandrea CJ, Sonjak V, Hajj-Boutros G, Faust A, Morais JA, Hughson RL. Implementation of exercise countermeasures during spaceflight and microgravity analogue studies: Developing countermeasure protocols for bedrest in older adults (BROA). Front Physiol 2022; 13:928313. [PMID: 36017336 PMCID: PMC9395735 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the development of countermeasures to attenuate the negative consequences of prolonged exposure to microgravity on astronauts’ bodies. Deconditioning of several organ systems during flight includes losses to cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle mass, bone density and strength. Similar deconditioning also occurs during prolonged bedrest; any protracted time immobile or inactive, especially for unwell older adults (e.g., confined to hospital beds), can lead to similar detrimental health consequences. Due to limitations in physiological research in space, the six-degree head-down tilt bedrest protocol was developed as ground-based analogue to spaceflight. A variety of exercise countermeasures have been tested as interventions to limit detrimental changes and physiological deconditioning of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canadian Space Agency recently provided funding for research focused on Understanding the Health Impact of Inactivity to study the efficacy of exercise countermeasures in a 14-day randomized clinical trial of six-degree head-down tilt bedrest study in older adults aged 55–65 years old (BROA). Here we will describe the development of a multi-modality countermeasure protocol for the BROA campaign that includes upper- and lower-body resistance exercise and head-down tilt cycle ergometry (high-intensity interval and continuous aerobic exercise training). We provide reasoning for the choice of these modalities following review of the latest available information on exercise as a countermeasure for inactivity and spaceflight-related deconditioning. In summary, this paper sets out to review up-to-date exercise countermeasure research from spaceflight and head-down bedrest studies, whilst providing support for the proposed research countermeasure protocols developed for the bedrest study in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Hedge
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Vita Sonjak
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Hajj-Boutros
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andréa Faust
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - José A. Morais
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard L. Hughson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Richard L. Hughson,
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27
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The Contribution of Genetics to Muscle Disuse, Retraining, and Aging. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081378. [PMID: 36011290 PMCID: PMC9407110 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic background may partly explain differences in muscle responses to internal or external stimuli. Muscle disuse involves various degrees of skeletal muscle atrophy due to inactivity and mechanical unloading. Whether and to which extent genetic background impacts disuse atrophy and retraining in individuals of different ages are currently unclear. Here, we provide a brief overview of relevant literature on the contribution of genetics to muscle disuse, retraining, and aging, and offer a perspective on unanswered questions on the subject that may open new venues for research.
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28
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Marshall RN, Smeuninx B, Seabright AP, Morgan PT, Atherton PJ, Philp A, Breen L. No effect of five days of bed rest or short-term resistance exercise prehabilitation on markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and dynamics in older adults. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15345. [PMID: 35785448 PMCID: PMC9251856 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bed rest (BR) results in significant impairments in skeletal muscle metabolism. Mitochondrial metabolism is reportedly highly sensitive to disuse, with dysregulated fission-fusion events and impaired oxidative function previously reported. The effects of clinically relevant short-term BR (≤5 days) on mitochondrial protein expression are presently unclear, as are the effects of exercise prehabilitation as a potential counteractive intervention. The present study examined the effects of a 5-day period of BR and short-term resistance exercise prehabilitation (ST-REP) on mitochondrial-protein content. Ten older men (71 ± 4 years) underwent 5 days of BR, completing four sessions of high-volume unilateral resistance exercise prehabilitation over 7 days beforehand. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis in the non-exercised control and exercised legs, both pre- and post-prehabilitation and pre- and post-BR, to determine changes in citrate synthase enzyme activity and the expression of key proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and molecular regulators of fission-fusion dynamics, biosynthesis, and mitophagy. We observed no significant effect of either BR or ST-REP on citrate synthase protein content, enzyme activity, or ETC complex I-V protein content. Moreover, we observed no significant changes in markers of mitochondrial fission and fusion (p-DRP1S616 , p-DRP1S637 , p-DRP1S616/S637 ratio, p-MFFS146 , Mitofillin, OPA1, or MFN2 (p > 0.05 for all). Finally, we observed no differences in markers of biosynthesis (p-AMPKT172 , p-ACCS79 , PGC1a, TFAM) or mitophagy-related signaling (ULK-1, BNIP3/NIX, LC3B I/II) (p > 0.05 for all). In contrast to previous longer-term periods of musculoskeletal disuse (i.e., 7-14 days), a clinically relevant, 5-day period of BR resulted in no significant perturbation in muscle mitochondrial protein signaling in healthy older adults, with no effect of ST-REP in the week prior to BR. Accordingly, disuse-induced muscle atrophy may precede alterations in mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Marshall
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex P Seabright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Morgan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Division of Medical sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom.,Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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29
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Bernareggi A, Bosutti A, Massaria G, Giniatullin R, Malm T, Sciancalepore M, Lorenzon P. The State of the Art of Piezo1 Channels in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126616. [PMID: 35743058 PMCID: PMC9224226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 channels are highly mechanically-activated cation channels that can sense and transduce the mechanical stimuli into physiological signals in different tissues including skeletal muscle. In this focused review, we summarize the emerging evidence of Piezo1 channel-mediated effects in the physiology of skeletal muscle, with a particular focus on the role of Piezo1 in controlling myogenic precursor activity and skeletal muscle regeneration and vascularization. The disclosed effects reported by pharmacological activation of Piezo1 channels with the selective agonist Yoda1 indicate a potential impact of Piezo1 channel activity in skeletal muscle regeneration, which is disrupted in various muscular pathological states. All findings reported so far agree with the idea that Piezo1 channels represent a novel, powerful molecular target to develop new therapeutic strategies for preventing or ameliorating skeletal muscle disorders characterized by an impairment of tissue regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Bosutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Gabriele Massaria
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Marina Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
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Otelea MR, Nartea R, Popescu FG, Covaleov A, Mitoiu BI, Nica AS. The Pathological Links between Adiposity and the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2646-2663. [PMID: 35735622 PMCID: PMC9221759 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between obesity and carpal tunnel syndrome is found in many epidemiological studies. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the physiopathological links that could explain the association between these two entities. Ectopic adipose tissue is responsible for metabolic syndrome and inflammation, and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Taking these elements into consideration, we conducted an extensive literature revision of the subject, considering as ectopic fat-related mechanisms the following: (a) the direct compression and the association with the metabolic syndrome of the fat deposition around the wrist, (b) the insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammatory, and oxidative mechanisms related to the central deposition of the fat, (c) the impaired muscle contraction and metabolism related to myosteatosis. Each section presents the cellular pathways which are modified by the ectopic deposition of the adipose tissue and the impact in the pathogeny of the carpal tunnel syndrome. In conclusion, the experimental and clinical data support the epidemiological findings. Efforts to reduce the obesity epidemics will improve not only cardio-metabolic health but will reduce the burden of the disability-free life expectancy due to the carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ruxandra Otelea
- Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Nartea
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Florina Georgeta Popescu
- Department V, Internal Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Emergency Municipal Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anatoli Covaleov
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Adriana Sarah Nica
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
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Guilhot C, Fovet T, Delobel P, Dargegen M, Jasmin BJ, Brioche T, Chopard A, Py G. Severe Muscle Deconditioning Triggers Early Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Resident Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes in Healthy Men. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105489. [PMID: 35628300 PMCID: PMC9143135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the loss of muscle mass and strength, increased intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is now a well-recognized consequence of muscle deconditioning as experienced in prolonged microgravity. IMAT content may alter the muscle stem cell microenvironment. We hypothesized that extracellular matrix structure alterations and microenvironment remodeling induced by fast and severe muscle disuse could modulate fibro-adipogenic progenitor fate and behavior. We used the dry immersion (DI) model that rapidly leads to severe muscle deconditioning due to drastic hypoactivity. We randomly assigned healthy volunteers (n = 18 men) to the control group (only DI, n = 9; age = 33.8 ± 4) or to the DI + thigh cuff group (n = 9; age = 33.4 ± 7). Participants remained immersed in the supine position in a thermo-neutral water bath for 5 days. We collected vastus lateralis biopsies before (baseline) and after DI. 5 days of DI are sufficient to reduce muscle mass significantly, as indicated by the decreased myofiber cross-sectional area in vastus lateralis samples (−18% vs. baseline, p < 0.05). Early and late adipogenic differentiation transcription factors protein levels were upregulated. Platelet-derived growth Factors alpha (PDGFR⍺) protein level and PDGFR⍺-positive cells were increased after 5 days of DI. Extracellular matrix structure was prone to remodeling with an altered ECM composition with 4 major collagens, fibronectin, and Connective Tissue Growth Factor mRNA decreases (p < 0.001 vs. baseline). Wearing thigh cuffs did not have any preventive effect on the measured variable. Our results show that altered extracellular matrix structure and signaling pathways occur early during DI, a severe muscle wasting model, favoring fibro-adipogenic progenitor differentiation into adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Guilhot
- DMEM, Montpellier University, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat. 22, 34060 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (P.D.); (M.D.); (T.B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.P.); Tel.: +33-499-612-222 (G.P.); Fax: +33-467-545-694 (G.P.)
| | - Théo Fovet
- DMEM, Montpellier University, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat. 22, 34060 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (P.D.); (M.D.); (T.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Pierre Delobel
- DMEM, Montpellier University, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat. 22, 34060 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (P.D.); (M.D.); (T.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Manon Dargegen
- DMEM, Montpellier University, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat. 22, 34060 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (P.D.); (M.D.); (T.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Bernard J. Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Eric J. Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Thomas Brioche
- DMEM, Montpellier University, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat. 22, 34060 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (P.D.); (M.D.); (T.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Angèle Chopard
- DMEM, Montpellier University, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat. 22, 34060 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (P.D.); (M.D.); (T.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Guillaume Py
- DMEM, Montpellier University, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat. 22, 34060 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (P.D.); (M.D.); (T.B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.P.); Tel.: +33-499-612-222 (G.P.); Fax: +33-467-545-694 (G.P.)
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Nunes EA, Stokes T, McKendry J, Currier BS, Phillips SM. Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in disease and non-disease states in humans: mechanisms, prevention, and recovery strategies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1068-C1084. [PMID: 35476500 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00425.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decreased skeletal muscle contractile activity (disuse) or unloading leads to muscle mass loss, also known as muscle atrophy. The balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) is the primary determinant of skeletal muscle mass. A reduced mechanical load on skeletal muscle is one of the main external factors leading to muscle atrophy. However, endocrine and inflammatory factors can act synergistically in catabolic states, amplifying the atrophy process and accelerating its progression. Additionally, older individuals display aging-induced anabolic resistance, which can predispose this population to more pronounced effects when exposed to periods of reduced physical activity or mechanical unloading. Different cellular mechanisms contribute to the regulation of muscle protein balance during skeletal muscle atrophy. This review summarizes the effects of muscle disuse on muscle protein balance and the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy in the absence or presence of disease. Finally, a discussion of the current literature describing efficient strategies to prevent or improve the recovery from muscle atrophy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brad S Currier
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Silva CC, Bichara CNC, Carneiro FRO, Palacios VRDCM, Berg AVSVD, Quaresma JAS, Magno Falcão LF. Muscle dysfunction in the long coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical approach. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2355. [PMID: 35416359 PMCID: PMC9111061 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In long coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID‐19), involvement of the musculoskeletal system is characterised by the persistence or appearance of symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, myalgia, and decline in physical and functional performance, even at 4 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms of COVID‐19. Muscle injury biomarkers are altered during the acute phase of the disease. The cellular damage and hyperinflammatory state induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection may contribute to the persistence of symptoms, hypoxaemia, mitochondrial damage, and dysregulation of the renin‐angiotensin system. In addition, the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, involvement of the peripheral nervous system, and harmful effects of hospitalisation, such as the use of drugs, immobility, and weakness acquired in the intensive care unit, all aggravate muscle damage. Here, we review the multifactorial mechanisms of muscle tissue injury, aggravating conditions, and associated sequelae in long COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Costa Silva
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para, Belém, Brazil
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34
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Trinity JD, Drummond MJ, Fermoyle CC, McKenzie AI, Supiano MA, Richardson RS. Cardiovasomobility: an integrative understanding of how disuse impacts cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:835-861. [PMID: 35112929 PMCID: PMC8934676 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00607.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovasomobility is a novel concept that encompasses the integration of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function in health and disease with critical modification by physical activity, or lack thereof. Compelling evidence indicates that physical activity improves health while a sedentary, or inactive, lifestyle accelerates cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction and hastens disease progression. Identifying causative factors for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction, especially in humans, has proven difficult due to the limitations associated with cross-sectional investigations. Therefore, experimental models of physical inactivity and disuse, which mimic hospitalization, injury, and illness, provide important insight into the mechanisms and consequences of vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction. This review provides an overview of the experimental models of disuse and inactivity and focuses on the integrated responses of the vasculature and skeletal muscle in response to disuse/inactivity. The time course and magnitude of dysfunction evoked by various models of disuse/inactivity are discussed in detail, and evidence in support of the critical roles of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress are presented. Lastly, strategies aimed at preserving vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction during disuse/inactivity are reviewed. Within the context of cardiovasomobility, experimental manipulation of physical activity provides valuable insight into the mechanisms responsible for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction that limit mobility, degrade quality of life, and hasten the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Trinity
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Caitlin C Fermoyle
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark A Supiano
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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35
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Soendenbroe C, Dahl CL, Meulengracht C, Tamáš M, Svensson RB, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Preserved stem cell content and innervation profile of elderly human skeletal muscle with lifelong recreational exercise. J Physiol 2022; 600:1969-1989. [PMID: 35229299 PMCID: PMC9315046 DOI: 10.1113/jp282677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Muscle fibre denervation and declining numbers of muscle stem (satellite) cells are defining characteristics of ageing skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for lifelong recreational exercise to offset muscle fibre denervation and compromised satellite cell content and function, both at rest and under challenged conditions. Sixteen elderly lifelong recreational exercisers (LLEX) were studied alongside groups of age‐matched sedentary (SED) and young subjects. Lean body mass and maximal voluntary contraction were assessed, and a strength training bout was performed. From muscle biopsies, tissue and primary myogenic cell cultures were analysed by immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR to assess myofibre denervation and satellite cell quantity and function. LLEX demonstrated superior muscle function under challenged conditions. When compared with SED, the muscle of LLEX was found to contain a greater content of satellite cells associated with type II myofibres specifically, along with higher mRNA levels of the beta and gamma acetylcholine receptors (AChR). No difference was observed between LLEX and SED for the proportion of denervated fibres or satellite cell function, as assessed in vitro by myogenic cell differentiation and fusion index assays. When compared with inactive counterparts, the skeletal muscle of lifelong exercisers is characterised by greater fatigue resistance under challenged conditions in vivo, together with a more youthful tissue satellite cell and AChR profile. Our data suggest a little recreational level exercise goes a long way in protecting against the emergence of classic phenotypic traits associated with the aged muscle. Key points The detrimental effects of ageing can be partially offset by lifelong self‐organized recreational exercise, as evidence by preserved type II myofibre‐associated satellite cells, a beneficial muscle innervation status and greater fatigue resistance under challenged conditions. Satellite cell function (in vitro), muscle fibre size and muscle fibre denervation determined by immunofluorescence were not affected by recreational exercise. Individuals that are recreationally active are far more abundant than master athletes, which sharply increases the translational perspective of the present study. Future studies should further investigate recreational activity in relation to muscle health, while also including female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Christopher L Dahl
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark
| | - Christopher Meulengracht
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark
| | - Michal Tamáš
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
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Sharlo K, Tyganov SA, Tomilovskaya E, Popov DV, Saveko AA, Shenkman BS. Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010468. [PMID: 35008893 PMCID: PMC8745071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of changing its structural parameters, metabolic rate and functional characteristics within a wide range when adapting to various loading regimens and states of the organism. Prolonged muscle inactivation leads to serious negative consequences that affect the quality of life and work capacity of people. This review examines various conditions that lead to decreased levels of muscle loading and activity and describes the key molecular mechanisms of muscle responses to these conditions. It also details the theoretical foundations of various methods preventing adverse muscle changes caused by decreased motor activity and describes these methods. A number of recent studies presented in this review make it possible to determine the molecular basis of the countermeasure methods used in rehabilitation and space medicine for many years, as well as to identify promising new approaches to rehabilitation and to form a holistic understanding of the mechanisms of gravity force control over the muscular system.
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Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Kondo H, Fujino H. Time course of capillary regression and an expression balance between vascular endothelial growth factor-A and thrombospondin-1 in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rats. Muscle Nerve 2021; 65:350-360. [PMID: 34957570 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Skeletal muscle capillaries regress with disuse; however, information on time-dependent changes in the expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in disused muscle is limited. This study aimed to clarify time-dependent changes in skeletal muscle capillarization, pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rat. METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups corresponding to different hindlimb unloading (HU) duration at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks. RESULTS Muscle atrophy and capillary regression worsened in the soleus muscle with longer periods of HU. The VEGF-A protein expression level was lower at week 1 than at week 0. In addition, the value at week 3 was also lower than those at weeks 0, 1, and 2. The TSP-1 protein expression level was higher at week 1 than that at week 0 but was similar at weeks 2 and 3. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence intensity on cryosection, were higher at weeks 2 and 3 than that at week 0. DISCUSSION Depending on the HU period, VEGF-A and TSP-1 showed different expression patterns. In the early HU phase, TSP-1 may play an important role in capillary regression. However, when HU extends for a longer period, decreased VEGF-A, and/or increased oxidative stress may be more involved in capillary regression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, 3-2-18 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, 4-21 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Metabolomics as an Important Tool for Determining the Mechanisms of Human Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413575. [PMID: 34948370 PMCID: PMC8706620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle deconditioning impairs both locomotor function and metabolic health, and is associated with reduced quality life and increased mortality rates. Despite an appreciation of the existence of phenomena such as muscle anabolic resistance, mitophagy, and insulin resistance with age and disease in humans, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for these negative traits. With the complexities surrounding these unknowns and the lack of progress to date in development of effective interventions, there is a need for alternative approaches. Metabolomics is the study of the full array of metabolites within cells or tissues, which collectively constitute the metabolome. As metabolomics allows for the assessment of the cellular metabolic state in response to physiological stimuli, any chronic change in the metabolome is likely to reflect adaptation in the physiological phenotype of an organism. This, therefore, provides a holistic and unbiased approach that could be applied to potentially uncover important novel facets in the pathophysiology of muscle decline in ageing and disease, as well as identifying prognostic markers of those at risk of decline. This review will aim to highlight the current knowledge and potential impact of metabolomics in the study of muscle mass loss and deconditioning in humans and will highlight key areas for future research.
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Bakhtiary Z, Shahrooz R, Hobbenaghi R, Azizi S, Soltanalinejad F, Baradar Khoshfetrat A. Histomorphometrical evaluation of extensor digitorum longus muscle in sciatic nerve regeneration using tissue engineering in rats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:451-457. [PMID: 35529819 PMCID: PMC9010829 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.109276.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by denervation is one of the common disorders in traumatic nerve injuries. The aim of this study was the evaluation of histomorphometrical changes of extensor digitorum longus muscle after denervation and its regeneration by tissue engineering. Ninety adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six main groups (n = 15) in three time periods (2, 4 and 8 weeks; n = 5). Control group was treated without surgery, in transection (Tr) group left sciatic nerve was transected, in scaffold (S) group only collagen gel scaffold was used, in mast cell (MC) group mast cells were used, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) group was treated with mesenchymal stem cells and in MC+MSC group, mast cells along with mesenchymal stem cells were used. In the cellular groups, the scaffold and cells were mixed and placed in the transected nerve gap. The average diameter of muscle fibers, ratio of the muscle fibers nuclei to the fibrocytes nuclei (mn/fn), ratio of the muscle fibers nuclei number to the muscle fibers number (mn/mf), the average ratio of blood vessels to muscle fibers number (v/mf) and muscles weight in Tr group were the lowest compared to the other groups; but, in cellular and S groups, amelioration was observed according to the time period. However, in MC+MSC group, there were the highest ameliorative results. This study revealed that simultaneous use of MCs and MSCs mixed with collagen gel scaffold can be considered as a suitable approach to improve denervated skeletal muscle atrophy associated with sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bakhtiary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; ,Correspondence Rasoul Shahrooz. DVM, DVSc, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Rahim Hobbenaghi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Saeed Azizi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Farhad Soltanalinejad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
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Brightwell CR, Kulkarni AS, Paredes W, Zhang K, Perkins JB, Gatlin KJ, Custodio M, Farooq H, Zaidi B, Pai R, Buttar RS, Tang Y, Melamed ML, Hostetter TH, Pessin JE, Hawkins M, Fry CS, Abramowitz MK. Muscle fibrosis and maladaptation occur progressively in CKD and are rescued by dialysis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150112. [PMID: 34784301 PMCID: PMC8783691 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle maladaptation accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD) and negatively impacts physical function. Emphasis in CKD has historically been placed on muscle fiber intrinsic deficits, such as altered protein metabolism and atrophy. However, targeted treatment of fiber intrinsic dysfunction has produced limited improvement, whereas alterations within the fiber extrinsic environment have scarcely been examined. METHODS We investigated alterations to the skeletal muscle interstitial environment with deep cellular phenotyping of biopsies from patients with CKD compared to age-matched control participants and performed transcriptome profiling to define the molecular underpinnings of CKD-associated muscle impairments. We further examined changes in the observed muscle maladaptation following initiation of dialysis therapy for kidney failure. RESULTS Patients with CKD exhibited a progressive fibrotic muscle phenotype, which was associated with impaired regenerative capacity and lower vascular density. The severity of these deficits was strongly associated with the degree of kidney dysfunction. Consistent with these profound deficits, CKD was associated with broad alterations to the muscle transcriptome, including altered extracellular matrix organization, downregulated angiogenesis, and altered expression of pathways related to stem cell self-renewal. Remarkably, despite the seemingly advanced nature of this fibrotic transformation, dialysis treatment rescued these deficits, restoring a healthier muscle phenotype. Furthermore, after accounting for muscle atrophy, strength and endurance improved after dialysis initiation. CONCLUSION These data identify a dialysis-responsive muscle fibrotic phenotype in CKD and suggest that the early dialysis window presents a unique opportunity of improved muscle regenerative capacity during which targeted interventions may achieve maximal impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01452412FUNDING. NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Brightwell
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States of America
| | - Ameya S Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - William Paredes
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Kehao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn B Perkins
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States of America
| | - Knubian J Gatlin
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States of America
| | - Matthew Custodio
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Hina Farooq
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Bushra Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Rima Pai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Rupinder S Buttar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Michal L Melamed
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Thomas H Hostetter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Meredith Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew K Abramowitz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
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Parola V, Neves H, Duque FM, Bernardes RA, Cardoso R, Mendes CA, Sousa LB, Santos-Costa P, Malça C, Durães R, Parreira P, Apóstolo J, Cruz A. Rehabilitation Programs for Bedridden Patients with Prolonged Immobility: A Scoping Review Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12033. [PMID: 34831786 PMCID: PMC8618086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bedridden patients usually stay in bed for long periods, presenting several motor problems caused by immobility, such as reductions in muscle mass, bone mineral density and physical impairment, resulting in a long recovery process. Thus, identifying physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility is a matter of urgent research for a solution that will help health professionals and stakeholders to develop more adjusted programs and identify possible gaps. To date, no previous scoping reviews addressing this purpose have been found. This scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, will focus on physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility and aims to map the programs, the devices used, and the parameters assessed. A relevant set of electronic databases and grey literature will be searched. Data extraction will be conducted using a tool developed by the research team that will address the review objectives and questions. Data synthesis will be presented in tabular form and a narrative summary aligned with the review's objective. This scoping review will contribute to the improvement of clinical practice, identifying key challenges that might justify the need to develop new programs suitable in clinical and organizational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Parola
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
- Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence (PCEBP/JBI), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Neves
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
- Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence (PCEBP/JBI), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Margarida Duque
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Rafael A. Bernardes
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Remy Cardoso
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Carla A. Mendes
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Liliana B. Sousa
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Paulo Santos-Costa
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Cândida Malça
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Engineering (ISEC), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra (IPC), 3030 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | | | - Pedro Parreira
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
| | - João Apóstolo
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
- Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence (PCEBP/JBI), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio Cruz
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; (H.N.); (F.M.D.); (R.A.B.); (R.C.); (C.A.M.); (L.B.S.); (P.S.-C.); (P.P.); (J.A.); (A.C.)
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Moradpour G, Amini M, Moeinvaziri N, Hosseini SV, Rajabi S, Clark CCT, Hosseini B, Vafa L, Haghighat N. Bariatric Surgery and COVID-19: What We Have Learned from the Pandemic in Iran: a Retrospective Observational Cohort Study. Obes Surg 2021; 32:18-25. [PMID: 34716898 PMCID: PMC8556836 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with morbid obesity following bariatric surgery (BS) in Iran. Thus, we sought to investigate the symptoms and effect of COVID-19 in patients with morbid obesity following, or candidates for, BS in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective observational cohort study, we enrolled 236 morbid obese patients following (surgical group) or candidates (nonsurgical group) for bariatric surgery. Demographics, probable COVID-19 incidence, acute and persistent COVID-19 symptoms, and clinical outcome parameters of bariatric patients and candidates for BS were compared. The incidence of probable COVID-19 was assessed including the clinical definition of probable case, according to World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS The incidence of probable COVID-19 among surgical and nonsurgical groups was significantly different (20.6% vs 26.08%, respectively, p = 0.046). The probable case of surgical patients had a shorter length of symptoms and hospitalization duration, and a lower proportion of admission in ICUs and hospitals with respect to nonsurgical patients (p < 0.001). Surgical patients had a greater prevalence of persistent symptoms including anorexia, food intolerance, and anosmia-hyposmia than nonsurgical patients. Moreover, surgical patients with probable COVID-19 had a significantly higher proportion of diabetic patients than surgical patients without probable COVID-19 (20% vs 9.3%). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the need to evaluate the persistent symptoms of COVID-19 and the importance of nutritional support for at least several weeks after COVID-19 symptom onset. Moreover, it seems that COVID-19 incidence in post-bariatric surgery patients could reduce the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in the resolution of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Moradpour
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Moeinvaziri
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Vahid Hosseini
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Rajabi
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Babak Hosseini
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Vafa
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Haghighat
- laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mortreux M, Rosa‐Caldwell ME, Stiehl ID, Sung D, Thomas NT, Fry CS, Rutkove SB. Hindlimb suspension in Wistar rats: Sex-based differences in muscle response. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15042. [PMID: 34612585 PMCID: PMC8493566 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground-based animal models have been used extensively to understand the effects of microgravity on various physiological systems. Among them, hindlimb suspension (HLS), developed in 1979 in rats, remains the gold-standard and allows researchers to study the consequences of total unloading of the hind limbs while inducing a cephalic fluid shift. While this model has already brought valuable insights to space biology, few studies have directly compared functional decrements in the muscles of males and females during HLS. We exposed 28 adult Wistar rats (14 males and 14 females) to 14 days of HLS or normal loading (NL) to better assess how sex impacts disuse-induced muscle deconditioning. Females better maintained muscle function during HLS than males, as shown by a more moderate reduction in grip strength at 7 days (males: -37.5 ± 3.1%, females: -22.4 ± 6.5%, compared to baseline), that remains stable during the second week of unloading (males: -53.3 ± 5.7%, females: -22.4 ± 5.5%, compared to day 0) while the males exhibit a steady decrease over time (effect of sex × loading p = 0.0002, effect of sex × time × loading p = 0.0099). This was further supported by analyzing the force production in response to a tetanic stimulus. Further functional analyses using force production were also shown to correspond to sex differences in relative loss of muscle mass and CSA. Moreover, our functional data were supported by histomorphometric analyzes, and we highlighted differences in relative muscle loss and CSA. Specifically, female rats seem to experience a lesser muscle deconditioning during disuse than males thus emphasizing the need for more studies that will assess male and female animals concomitantly to develop tailored, effective countermeasures for all astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mortreux
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Megan E. Rosa‐Caldwell
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ian D. Stiehl
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Dong‐Min Sung
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicholas T. Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical NutritionUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical NutritionUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Moore DR. Protein Requirements for Master Athletes: Just Older Versions of Their Younger Selves. Sports Med 2021; 51:13-30. [PMID: 34515969 PMCID: PMC8566396 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is established that protein requirements are elevated in athletes to support their training and post-exercise recovery and adaptation, especially within skeletal muscle. However, research on the requirements for this macronutrient has been performed almost exclusively in younger athletes, which may complicate their translation to the growing population of Master athletes (i.e. > 35 years old). In contrast to older (> 65 years) untrained adults who typically demonstrate anabolic resistance to dietary protein as a primary mediator of the ‘normal’ age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, Master athletes are generally considered successful models of aging as evidenced by possessing similar body composition, muscle mass, and aerobic fitness as untrained adults more than half their age. The primary physiology changes considered to underpin the anabolic resistance of aging are precipitated or exacerbated by physical inactivity, which has led to higher protein recommendations to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older untrained compared to younger untrained adults. This review puts forth the argument that Master athletes have similar muscle characteristics, physiological responses to exercise, and protein metabolism as young athletes and, therefore, are unlikely to have protein requirements that are different from their young contemporaries. Recommendations for protein amount, type, and pattern will be discussed for Master athletes to enhance their recovery from and adaptation to resistance and endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 100 Devonshire Place, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C9, Canada.
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45
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Gliemann L, Rytter N, Jørgensen TS, Piil P, Carter H, Nyberg M, Grassi M, Daumer M, Hellsten Y. The Impact of Lower Limb Immobilization and Rehabilitation on Angiogenic Proteins and Capillarization in Skeletal Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1797-1806. [PMID: 33787530 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle vascularization is important for tissue regeneration after injury and immobilization. We examined whether complete immobilization influences capillarization and oxygen delivery to the muscle and assessed the efficacy of rehabilitation by aerobic exercise training. METHODS Young healthy males had one leg immobilized for 14 d and subsequently completed 4 wk of intense aerobic exercise training. Biopsies were obtained from musculus vastus lateralis, and arteriovenous blood sampling for assessment of oxygen extraction and leg blood flow during exercise was done before and after immobilization and training. Muscle capillarization, muscle and platelet content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and muscle thrombospondin-1 were determined. RESULTS Immobilization did not have a significant impact on capillary per fiber ratio or capillary density. The content of VEGF protein in muscle samples was reduced by 36% (P = 0.024), and VEGF to thrombospondin-1 ratio was 94% lower (P = 0.046). The subsequent 4-wk training period increased the muscle VEGF content and normalized the muscle VEGF to thrombospondin-1 ratio but did not influence capillarization. Platelet VEGF content followed the trend of muscle VEGF. At the functional level, oxygen extraction, blood flow, and oxygen delivery at rest and during submaximal exercise were not affected by immobilization or training. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that just 2 wk of leg immobilization leads to a strongly reduced angiogenic potential as evidenced by reduced muscle and platelet VEGF content and a reduced muscle VEGF to thrombospondin-1 ratio. Moreover, a subsequent period of intensive aerobic exercise training fails to increase capillarization in the previously immobilized leg, possibly because of the angiostatic condition caused by immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Nicolai Rytter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Tue Smith Jørgensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Peter Piil
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Howard Carter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Marcello Grassi
- Technical University of Munich, Germany. Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Munich, GERMANY
| | - Martin Daumer
- Technical University of Munich, Germany. Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Munich, GERMANY
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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46
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Di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Milanović Z, Situlin R, Mearelli F, Vinci P, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Biolo G. The Aging Muscle in Experimental Bed Rest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:633987. [PMID: 34422875 PMCID: PMC8371327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function in aging is crucial for preserving the quality of life and health. An experimental bed rest (BR) protocol is a suitable model to explore muscle decline on aging during inactivity. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was, therefore, to carry out an up-to-date evaluation of bed rest, with a specific focus on the magnitude of effects on muscle mass, strength, power, and functional capacity changes as well as the mechanisms, molecules, and pathways involved in muscle decay. Design: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Data sources: We used PubMed, Medline; Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library, all of which were searched prior to April 23, 2020. A manual search was performed to cover bed rest experimental protocols using the following key terms, either singly or in combination: "Elderly Bed rest," "Older Bed rest," "Old Bed rest," "Aging Bed rest," "Aging Bed rest," "Bed-rest," and "Bedrest". Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: The inclusion criteria were divided into four sections: type of study, participants, interventions, and outcome measures. The primary outcome measures were: body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, leg lean mass, cross-sectional area, knee extension power, cytokine pattern, IGF signaling biomarkers, FOXO signaling biomarkers, mitochondrial modulation biomarkers, and muscle protein kinetics biomarkers. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, while 17 of them were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 118 healthy elderly volunteers underwent 5-, 7-, 10-, or 14-days of BR and provided a brief sketch on the possible mechanisms involved. In the very early phase of BR, important changes occurred in the skeletal muscle, with significant loss of performance associated with a lesser grade reduction of the total body and muscle mass. Meta-analysis of the effect of bed rest on total body mass was determined to be small but statistically significant (ES = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.19, P < 0.001). Moderate, statistically significant effects were observed for total lean body mass (ES = -0.67, 95% CI: -0.95 to -0.40, P < 0.001) after bed rest intervention. Overall, total lean body mass was decreased by 1.5 kg, while there was no relationship between bed rest duration and outcomes (Z = 0.423, p = 672). The meta-analyzed effect showed that bed rest produced large, statistically significant, effects (ES = -1.06, 95% CI: -1.37 to -0.75, P < 0.001) in terms of the knee extension power. Knee extension power was decreased by 14.65 N/s. In contrast, to other measures, meta-regression showed a significant relationship between bed rest duration and knee extension power (Z = 4.219, p < 0.001). Moderate, statistically significant, effects were observed after bed rest intervention for leg muscle mass in both old (ES = -0.68, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.40, P < 0.001) and young (ES = -0.51, 95% CI: -0.80 to -0.22, P < 0.001) adults. However, the magnitude of change was higher in older (MD = -0.86 kg) compared to younger (MD = -0.24 kg) adults. Conclusion: Experimental BR is a suitable model to explore the detrimental effects of inactivity in young adults, old adults, and hospitalized people. Changes in muscle mass and function are the two most investigated variables, and they allow for a consistent trend in the BR-induced changes. Mechanisms underlying the greater loss of muscle mass and function in aging, following inactivity, need to be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,SC Assistenza Farmaceutica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Incubator of Kinanthropological Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Roberta Situlin
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Vinci
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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47
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Pratt J, De Vito G, Narici M, Boreham C. Neuromuscular Junction Aging: A Role for Biomarkers and Exercise. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:576-585. [PMID: 32832976 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related skeletal muscle degradation known as "sarcopenia" exerts considerable strain on public health systems globally. While the pathogenesis of such atrophy is undoubtedly multifactorial, disruption at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has recently gained traction as a key explanatory factor. The NMJ, an essential communicatory link between nerve and muscle, undergoes profound changes with advancing age. Ascertaining whether such changes potentiate the onset of sarcopenia would be paramount in facilitating a timely implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies. Hence, there is a growing level of importance to further substantiate the effects of age on NMJs, in parallel with developing measures to attenuate such changes. As such, this review aimed to establish the current standpoint on age-related NMJ deterioration and consequences for skeletal muscle, while illuminating a role for biomarkers and exercise in ameliorating these alterations. Recent insights into the importance of key biomarkers for NMJ stability are provided, while the stimulative benefits of exercise in preserving NMJ function are demonstrated. Further elucidation of the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of biomarkers, coupled with the therapeutic benefits of regular exercise may be crucial in combating age-related NMJ and skeletal muscle degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd Pratt
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland.,Genuity Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-Myo Myology Centre, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-Myo Myology Centre, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Colin Boreham
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Bayer ML, Hoegberget-Kalisz M, Svensson RB, Hjortshoej MH, Olesen JL, Nybing JD, Boesen M, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. Chronic Sequelae After Muscle Strain Injuries: Influence of Heavy Resistance Training on Functional and Structural Characteristics in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2783-2794. [PMID: 34264782 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211026623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle strain injury leads to a high risk of recurrent injury in sports and can cause long-term symptoms such as weakness and pain. Scar tissue formation after strain injuries has been described, yet what ultrastructural changes might occur in the chronic phase of this injury have not. It is also unknown if persistent symptoms and morphological abnormalities of the tissue can be mitigated by strength training. PURPOSE To investigate if heavy resistance training improves symptoms and structural abnormalities after strain injuries. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A total of 30 participants with long-term weakness and/or pain after a strain injury of the thigh or calf muscles were randomized to eccentric heavy resistance training of the injured region or control exercises of the back and abdominal muscle. Isokinetic (hamstring) or isometric (calf) muscle strength was determined, muscle cross-sectional area measured, and pain and function evaluated. Scar tissue ultrastructure was determined from biopsy specimens taken from the injured area before and after the training intervention. RESULTS Heavy resistance training over 3 months improved pain and function, normalized muscle strength deficits, and increased muscle cross-sectional area in the previously injured region. No systematic effect of training was found upon pathologic infiltration of fat and blood vessels into the previously injured area. Control exercises had no effect on strength, cross-sectional area, or scar tissue but a positive effect on patient-related outcome measures, such as pain and functional scores. CONCLUSION Short-term strength training can improve sequelae symptoms and optimize muscle function even many years after a strain injury, but it does not seem to influence the overall structural abnormalities of the area with scar tissue. REGISTRATION NCT02152098 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika L Bayer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maren Hoegberget-Kalisz
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Hjortshoej
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens L Olesen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Janus D Nybing
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Boesen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Brisendine MH, Bond JM. A glimpse into the early window of muscle unloading. J Physiol 2021; 599:4249-4251. [PMID: 34318496 DOI: 10.1113/jp282019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Brisendine
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacob M Bond
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
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50
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Vilchinskaya NA, Shenkman BS. Myosatellite Cells under Gravitational Unloading Conditions. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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