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Shakoor H, Kizhakkayil J, Khalid M, Mahgoub A, Platat C. Effect of Moderate-Intense Training and Detraining on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, and Liver Enzymes in Male Wistar Rats: A Preclinical Randomized Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3820. [PMID: 37686852 PMCID: PMC10490015 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training positively regulates glucose metabolism. This study investigated the impact of training and detraining on glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes. Twenty-six rats completed an initial 4-week moderate-intense training (T0-T4). Then, the animals were randomly assigned to two groups at the end of week 4: AT4: detraining for 8 weeks; AT8: training for 8 weeks and 4-week detraining. Six animals were sacrificed at T0 and T4, four animals/group at T8, and three/group at T12. The study continued for 12 weeks, and all parameters were assessed at T0, T4, T8, and T12. IPGTT significantly improved after 4 weeks of training (p < 0.01) and was further reduced in AT8 at T8. In AT8, 8-week training significantly reduced total cholesterol at T4 and T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.05), LDL at T4, T8, and T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.01), ALP at T8, T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.01), and increased HDL at T8 and ALT at T8 and T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.05). Triglycerides and hexokinase activity increased significantly at T4 and T8 (p < 0.05) and then decreased at T12 in AT8. Pyruvate and glycogen increased at T12 in AT8 vs. AT4. Eight-week training improved LPL and ATGL expressions. Training positively modulated insulin, glucose metabolism, and lipid profiles, but detraining reduced the benefits associated with the initial training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Shakoor
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.S.)
| | - Jaleel Kizhakkayil
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.S.)
| | - Mariyam Khalid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amar Mahgoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carine Platat
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.S.)
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2
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Li T, Su G, Zhao Y. Anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of AD-2 affecting the Raf-MEK signaling pathway and inflammatory factors in thioacetamide-induced liver injury. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2753-2765. [PMID: 33928646 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
25-Hydroxylprotopanaxadiol-3β, 12β, 20-triol (25-OH-PPD or AD-2) belongs to dammarane ginsenoside, and is commonly obtained from the acidic hydrolysate of total ginsensides of Panax ginseng. This study investigated the potential mechanism of AD-2 toward improving thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Mice were divided into seven groups: control group, TAA model group, TAA + AD-2 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) groups, TAA + silymarin (100 mg/kg) group, and TAA + Fu Fang Biejia (FFBj; 300 mg/kg) group. All mice were treated to intraperitoneal TAA injection to establish a hepatic fibrosis model, and drugs were administered orally. The mechanism and related pathways underlying the AD-2-mediated action against hepatic fibrosis were explored by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. After AD-2 treatment, the expression levels of Lipin-1, SREBP1, and F4/80 significantly decreased, meanwhile the protein expressions levels of IL1β, IL1R1, IL18, Bax, Bid, Bcl-2, and cFlips also decreased. Furthermore, AD-2 inhibited RAF and MEK pathways. The results demonstrate that AD-2 can alleviate hepatic fibrosis. The mechanism is likely related to the regulation of lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, apoptosis pathway, and Raf-MEK signaling pathways, which provide a basis for clinical research for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Ginsenoside is one of the main active ingredients of ginseng, and can alleviate the symptoms of various diseases, for example, hepatic fibrosis. This paper mainly used Western blotting to explore its possible mechanism of action. The goal was to provide a reference for the development of traditional Chinese medicines for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - GuangYue Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - YuQing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Del Vecchio FB, Coswig VS, Cabistany LD, Orcy RB, Gentil P. Effects of exercise cessation on adipose tissue physiological markers related to fat regain: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120936956. [PMID: 32655863 PMCID: PMC7331762 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120936956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues usually super compensate during the period that follow physical exercise. Although this is widely accepted for muscle and glycogen, the compensatory effect is not usually applied to fat tissues. Notwithstanding, evidence for this has been present since the 1970s when it was first suggested that the increased lipogenic activity in response to training might be an adaptation that enables to restore an energy reserve that can be used in times of need. In this context, the present review aimed to summarize information about the effect of detraining on fat metabolism and the physiological responses associated with fat regain. A systematic search on PubMed and Scielo was performed using "training cessation," "detraining," "exercise detraining," and "exercise cessation" combined with "fat tissue," "adipose tissue," "adipose metabolism," and "fat metabolism," as descriptors. From 377 results, 25 were included in this review, 12 humans and 13 rodents, resulting in a sample of 6772 humans and 613 animals. The analysis provided evidence for fat super compensation, as well as differences in humans and rodents, among different protocols and possible mechanisms for fat gain after exercise cessation. In summary, exercise cessation appears to increase the ability of the adipose tissue to store energy. However, caution should be taken, especially regarding conclusions based on investigations on humans, considering the multiple factors that could affect fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leo Dutra Cabistany
- Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bueno Orcy
- Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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4
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Tofas T, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ. Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010013. [PMID: 31877965 PMCID: PMC7023632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual’s physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Liu Y, Yan T, Chu JMT, Chen Y, Dunnett S, Ho YS, Wong GTC, Chang RCC. The beneficial effects of physical exercise in the brain and related pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 99:943-957. [PMID: 30808929 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown the beneficial influence of exercise on humans. Apart from classic cardioprotection, numerous studies have demonstrated that different exercise regimes provide a substantial improvement in various brain functions. Although the underlying mechanism is yet to be determined, emerging evidence for neuroprotection has been established in both humans and experimental animals, with most of the valuable findings in the field of mental health, neurodegenerative diseases, and acquired brain injuries. This review will discuss the recent findings of how exercise could ameliorate brain function in neuropathological states, demonstrated by either clinical or laboratory animal studies. Simultaneously, state-of-the-art molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced neuroprotective effects and comparison between different types of exercise will be discussed in detail. A majority of reports show that physical exercise is associated with enhanced cognition throughout different populations and remains as a fascinating area in scientific research because of its universal protective effects in different brain domain functions. This article is to review what we know about how physical exercise modulates the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tim Yan
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - John Man-Tak Chu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sophie Dunnett
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gordon Tin-Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
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6
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Sertie RA, Curi R, Oliveira AC, Andreotti S, Caminhotto RO, de Lima TM, Proença AR, Reis GB, Lima FB. The mechanisms involved in the increased adiposity induced by interruption of regular physical exercise practice. Life Sci 2019; 222:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Kato H, Minamizato H, Ohno H, Ohira Y, Izawa T. Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced impairment of differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells in rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1452-1460. [PMID: 30076718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into neurons under particular conditions. It remains largely unknown whether this differentiation potential is affected by physical conditions such as obesity, which modulates the functions of adipose tissue. In this study, we determined the impact of either a 9-week high-fat diet (60% fat; HFD) or 9-week exercise training on the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to a normal diet-fed (ND-SED) group, HFD-fed (HFD-SED) group, or exercise-trained HFD-fed group (HFD-EX). After a 9-week intervention, ADSCs from all groups differentiated into neuron-like cells. Expression of neuronal marker proteins (nestin, βIII-tubulin, and microtubule-associated protein 2 [MAP2]) and the average length of cell neurites were lower in cells from HFD-SED rats than in other groups. Instead, protein expression of COX IV and Cyt-c, the Bax/Bcl-2 and LC3-II/I ratio, and the malondialdehyde level in culture medium were higher in cells from HFD-SED rats. No significant difference between ND-SED and HFD-EX rats was observed, except for the average length of cell neurites in MAP2. Thus, HFD impaired the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells, which was accompanied by increases in apoptotic activity and oxidative stress. Importantly, exercise training ameliorated the HFD-induced impairment of neurogenesis in ADSCs. The adipose tissue microenvironment could influence the differentiation potential of ADSCs, a source of autologous stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.,Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Minamizato
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation Foundation "Yamatokai,", Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Sontam DM, Vickers MH, Firth EC, O'Sullivan JM. A Memory of Early Life Physical Activity Is Retained in Bone Marrow of Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2017; 8:476. [PMID: 28736532 PMCID: PMC5500658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported opposing effects of high-fat (HF) diet and mechanical stimulation on lineage commitment of the bone marrow stem cells. Yet, how bone marrow modulates its gene expression in response to the combined effects of mechanical loading and a HF diet has not been addressed. We investigated whether early-life (before onset of sexual maturity at 6 weeks of age) voluntary physical activity can modulate the effects of a HF diet on male Sprague Dawley rats. In the bone marrow, early-life HF diet resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy and a pro-inflammatory and pro-adipogenic gene expression profile. The bone marrow of the rats that undertook wheel exercise while on a HF diet retained a memory of the early-life exercise. This memory lasted at least 60 days after the cessation of the voluntary exercise. Our results are consistent with the marrow adipose tissue having a unique response to HF feeding in the presence or absence of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani M Sontam
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Elwyn C Firth
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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9
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Rocha-Rodrigues S, Gonçalves IO, Beleza J, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Effects of endurance training on autophagy and apoptotic signaling in visceral adipose tissue of prolonged high fat diet-fed rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2237-2247. [PMID: 28699087 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy and apoptosis play critical roles in both development and tissue homeostasis in response to (patho)physiological stimuli, such as high-fat diet (HFD) and endurance training (ET). Therefore, we aimed to investigate how ET modulates autophagy and apoptotic-related signaling in visceral adipose tissue of long-standing HFD-fed rats. METHODS The study was conducted over a 17-week period on Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into four groups (n = 8/group): standard diet sedentary (STD+SED), high-fat diet sedentary (HFD+SED), standard diet ET (STD+ET) and high-fat diet ET (HFD+ET). After 9 weeks of dietary regimens, ET groups were trained for 8 weeks on treadmill (5 days/week at 25 m/min for 60 min/day), while maintaining dietary regimens. Autophagy and apoptotic-signaling markers in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were determined using RT-qPCR, Western blot and spectrometry techniques. RESULTS ET reduced body weight, visceral fat mass and HOMA-IR in standard and HF diet-fed animals. Moreover, ET reverted the HFD-induced increases in the percentage of larger adipocytes and also reduced the percentage of smaller adipocytes. The HFD decreased pre-adipocyte factor 1 (DLK1/PREF1) and increased the pro-apoptotic markers (Bax protein and caspase 3-like activity), while having no impact on autophagy markers. However, ET increased DLK1/PREF1 and Bcl-2 in both diet types, while decreasing Bax and caspases 9, 8 and 3-like activities in HFD feeding rats. Additionally, Beclin-1 and p62 protein significantly increased in ET groups of both diet types. CONCLUSIONS Data demonstrate that 8 weeks of ET was effective in attenuating apoptotic-related signaling in long-standing HFD-fed rats. Moreover, HFD and ET had no impact on VAT autophagy markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sport, CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, LaMetEx - Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês O Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sport, CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, LaMetEx - Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Faculty of Sport, CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, LaMetEx - Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Faculty of Sport, CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, LaMetEx - Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Faculty of Sport, CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, LaMetEx - Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Rodrigues JM, Oliveira VPP, P Furlan J, Munhoz AC, S Rempel MR, Brito MN, Brito NA, Pedrosa MMD, M Costa CE. Immediate and residual effects of low-dose nandrolone decanoate and treadmill training on adipose and reproductive tissues of male Wistar rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:68-77. [PMID: 28019124 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1260592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Residual effects after nandrolone decanoate (ND) treatment are not reported. OBJECTIVE Immediate and residual effects of low-dose ND and treadmill training were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were trained and/or ND-treated for four weeks and the assessments were made after this period or four weeks later. RESULTS The groups did not differ in final plasma glucose or AUC of the ivGTT, but hyperinsulinemia was noticed in some trained/treated groups. Training with ND increased muscle mass and ND decreased the reproductive structures. Decreased fat with training was reversed by detraining. DISCUSSION The anabolic action of ND on skeletal muscle was enhanced by training. Fat and lipid changes were more linked to training/detraining, but the effects of ND on the reproductive structures persisted after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The effects of training on fat and muscle were not maintained after detraining, but low-dose ND had persistent effects on the reproductive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josilene M Rodrigues
- a Academic Specialization in Physiology, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vinicius P P Oliveira
- a Academic Specialization in Physiology, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Julia P Furlan
- b Undergraduation in Physical Education, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Munhoz
- c Undergraduation in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R S Rempel
- d Undergraduation in Medicine, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil , and
| | - Marcia N Brito
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Nilton A Brito
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria M D Pedrosa
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Cecília E M Costa
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
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11
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The effect of maternal chromium status on lipid metabolism in female elderly mice offspring and involved molecular mechanism. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160362. [PMID: 28320771 PMCID: PMC5408666 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition leads to the incidence of metabolic diseases in offspring. The purpose of this project was to examine whether maternal low chromium could disturb normal lipid metabolism in offspring, altering adipose cell differentiation and leading to the incidence of lipid metabolism diseases, including metabolic syndrome and obesity. Female C57BL mice were given a control diet (CD) or a low chromium diet (LCD) during the gestational and lactation periods. After weaning, offspring was fed with CD or LCD. The female offspring were assessed at 32 weeks of age. Fresh adipose samples from CD–CD group and LCD–CD group were collected. Genome mRNA were analysed using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Whole Transcript-based array. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed based on gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis database. Maternal low chromium irreversibly increased offspring body weight, fat-pad weight, serum triglyceride (TG) and TNF-α. Eighty five genes increased and 109 genes reduced in the offspring adipose of the maternal low chromium group. According to KEGG pathway and String analyses, the PPAR signalling pathway may be the key controlled pathway related to the effect of maternal low chromium on female offspring. Maternal chromium status have long-term effects of lipid metabolism in female mice offspring. Normalizing offspring diet can not reverse these effects. The potential underlying mechanisms are the disturbance of the PPAR signalling pathway in adipose tissue.
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12
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Nishijima T, Kamidozono Y, Ishiizumi A, Amemiya S, Kita I. Negative rebound in hippocampal neurogenesis following exercise cessation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R347-R357. [PMID: 28052868 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00397.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise can improve brain function, but the effects of exercise cessation are largely unknown. This study examined the time-course profile of hippocampal neurogenesis following exercise cessation. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a control (Con) or an exercise cessation (ExC) group. Mice in the ExC group were reared in a cage with a running wheel for 8 wk and subsequently placed in a standard cage to cease the exercise. Exercise resulted in a significant increase in the density of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (at week 0). Following exercise cessation, the density of DCX-positive neurons gradually decreased and was significantly lower than that in the Con group at 5 and 8 wk after cessation, indicating that exercise cessation leads to a negative rebound in hippocampal neurogenesis. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggests that the negative rebound in neurogenesis is caused by diminished cell survival, not by suppression of cell proliferation and neural maturation. Neither elevated expression of ΔFosB, a transcription factor involved in neurogenesis regulation, nor increased plasma corticosterone, were involved in the negative neurogenesis rebound. Importantly, exercise cessation suppressed ambulatory activity, and a significant correlation between change in activity and DCX-positive neuron density suggested that the decrease in activity is involved in neurogenesis impairment. Forced treadmill running following exercise cessation failed to prevent the negative neurogenesis rebound. This study indicates that cessation of exercise or a decrease in physical activity is associated with an increased risk for impaired hippocampal function, which might increase vulnerability to stress-induced mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishijima
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshika Kamidozono
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishiizumi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Amemiya
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Hashida R, Kawaguchi T, Bekki M, Omoto M, Matsuse H, Nago T, Takano Y, Ueno T, Koga H, George J, Shiba N, Torimura T. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. J Hepatol 2017; 66:142-152. [PMID: 27639843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Exercise is a first-line therapy for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We sought to: 1) summarize effective aerobic and resistance exercise protocols for NAFLD; and 2) compare the effects and energy consumption of aerobic and resistance exercises. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopas to January 28, 2016. From a total of 95 articles, 23 studies including 24 aerobic and 7 resistance exercise protocols were selected for the summary of exercise protocols. Twelve articles including 13 aerobic and 4 resistance exercise protocols were selected for the comparative analysis. RESULTS For aerobic exercise, the median effective protocol was 4.8 metabolic equivalents (METs) for 40min/session, 3times/week for 12weeks. For resistance exercise, the median effective protocol was 3.5 METs for 45min/session, 3times/week for 12weeks. Aerobic and resistance exercise improved hepatic steatosis. No significant difference was seen in the duration, frequency, or period of exercise between the two exercise groups; however, %VO2max and energy consumption were significantly lower in the resistance than in the aerobic group (50% [45-98] vs. 28% [28-28], p=0.0034; 11,064 [6394-21,087] vs. 6470 [4104-12,310] kcal/total period, p=0.0475). CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise improves NAFLD with less energy consumption. Thus, resistance exercise may be more feasible than aerobic exercise for NAFLD patients with poor cardiorespiratory fitness or for those who cannot tolerate or participate in aerobic exercise. These data may indicate a possible link between resistance exercise and lipid metabolism in the liver. LAY SUMMARY Both aerobic and resistance exercise reduce hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with similar frequency, duration, and period of exercise (40-45min/session 3times/week for 12weeks); however, the two forms of exercise have different characteristics. Intensity and energy consumption were significantly lower for resistance than for aerobic exercise. Resistance exercise may be more feasible than aerobic exercise for NAFLD patients with poor cardiorespiratory fitness or for those who cannot tolerate or participate in aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Hashida
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Bekki
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masayuki Omoto
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroo Matsuse
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nago
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takano
- Department of Physical Therapy School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University Health and Welfare, Enokizu, Okawa, Japan
| | - Takato Ueno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asakura Medical Association Hospital, Asakura, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naoto Shiba
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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14
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Ding L, Zhang F, Zhao MX, Ren XS, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. Reduced lipolysis response to adipose afferent reflex involved in impaired activation of adrenoceptor-cAMP-PKA-hormone sensitive lipase pathway in obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34374. [PMID: 27694818 PMCID: PMC5046068 DOI: 10.1038/srep34374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical stimulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) causes adipose afferent reflex (AAR) and sympathetic activation. This study is to investigate the effects of AAR on lipolysis and the mechanisms of attenuated lipolysis response to enhanced AAR in obesity. Obesity was caused by high-fat diet for 12 weeks in rats. AAR was induced by injection of capsaicin into inguinal WAT or electrical stimulation of epididymal WAT afferent nerve. AAR caused sympathetic activation, which was enhanced in obesity rats. AAR increased cAMP levels and PKA activity, promoted hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin phosphorylation, and increased lipolysis in WAT, which were attenuated in obesity rats. PKA activity, cAMP, perilipin and β-adrenoceptor levels were reduced, while HSL was upregulated in adipocytes from obesity rats. In primary adipocytes, isoproterenol increased cAMP levels and PKA activity, promoted HSL and perilipin phosphorylation, and increased lipolysis, which were attenuated in obesity rats. The attenuated effects of isoproterenol in adipocytes from obesity rats were prevented by a cAMP analogue dbcAMP. The results indicate that reduced lipolysis response to enhanced AAR in obesity is attributed to the impaired activation of β-adrenoceptor-cAMP-PKA-HSL pathway. Increased cAMP level in adipocytes rectifies the attenuated lipolysis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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15
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Effects of physical exercise on myokines expression and brown adipose-like phenotype modulation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2016; 165:100-108. [PMID: 27693382 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise-stimulated myokine secretion into circulation may be related with browning in white adipose tissue (WAT), representing a positive metabolic effect on whole-body fat mass. However, limited information is yet available regarding the impact of exercise on myokine-related modulation of adipocyte phenotype in WAT from obese rats. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n=60) were divided into sedentary and voluntary physical activity (VPA) groups and fed with standard (35kcal% fat) or high-fat (HFD, 71kcal% fat)-isoenergetic diets. The VPA-groups had unrestricted access to wheel running throughout the protocol. After-9weeks, half of sedentary standard (SS) and sedentary HFD (HS)-fed animals were exercised on treadmill (endurance training, ET) for 8-weeks while maintaining the dietary treatments. KEY FINDINGS The adipocyte hypertrophy induced by HFD were attenuated by VPA and ET. HFD decreased 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in muscle as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) proteins in eWAT, while not affecting circulating irisin. VPA increased eWAT Tmem26 mRNA levels in the standard diet-fed group, whereas ET increased AMPK, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) protein expression in muscle, but had no impact on circulating irisin protein content. In eWAT, ET increased bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7), Cidea and PGC-1α in both diet-fed animals, whereas BMP7, Prdm16, UCP1 and FNDC5 only in standard diet-fed group. SIGNIFICANCE Data suggest that ET-induced myokine production seems to contribute, at least in part, to the "brown-like" phenotype in WAT from rats fed a HFD.
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16
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Zeve D, Millay DP, Seo J, Graff JM. Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptations Alter the Activity of Adipose Progenitor Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152129. [PMID: 27015423 PMCID: PMC4807773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise decreases adiposity and improves metabolic health; however, the physiological and molecular underpinnings of these phenomena remain unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of endurance training on adipose progenitor lineage commitment. Using mice with genetically labeled adipose progenitors, we show that these cells react to exercise by decreasing their proliferation and differentiation potential. Analyses of mouse models that mimic the skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise indicate that muscle, in a non-autonomous manner, regulates adipose progenitor homeostasis, highlighting a role for muscle-derived secreted factors. These findings support a humoral link between skeletal muscle and adipose progenitors and indicate that manipulation of adipose stem cell function may help address obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zeve
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Douglas P. Millay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jin Seo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Graff
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Programmed regulation of rat offspring adipogenic transcription factor (PPARγ) by maternal nutrition. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 6:530-8. [PMID: 26286138 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We determined the protein expression of adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its co-repressor and co-activator complexes in adipose tissue from the obese offspring of under- and over-nourished dams. Female rats were fed either a high-fat (60% kcal) or control (10% kcal) diet before mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation (Mat-OB). Additional dams were 50% food-restricted from pregnancy day 10 to term [intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR)]. Adipose tissue protein expression was analyzed in newborn and adult male offspring. Normal birth weight Mat-OB and low birth weight IUGR newborns had upregulated PPARγ with variable changes in co-repressors and co-activators. As obese adults, Mat-OB and IUGR offspring had increased PPARγ with decreased co-repressor and increased co-activator expression. Nutritionally programmed increased PPARγ expression is associated with altered expression of its co-regulators in the newborn and adult offspring. Functional studies of PPARγ co-regulators are necessary to establish their role in PPARγ-mediated programmed obesity.
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18
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Sertié RAL, Andreotti S, Proença ARG, Campaña AB, Lima FB. Fat gain with physical detraining is correlated with increased glucose transport and oxidation in periepididymal white adipose tissue in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:650-3. [PMID: 26017340 PMCID: PMC4512105 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As it is a common observation that obesity tends to occur after discontinuation of
exercise, we investigated how white adipocytes isolated from the periepididymal fat
of animals with interrupted physical training transport and oxidize glucose, and
whether these adaptations support the weight regain seen after 4 weeks of physical
detraining. Male Wistar rats (45 days old, weighing 200 g) were divided into two
groups (n=10): group D (detrained), trained for 8 weeks and detrained for 4 weeks;
and group S (sedentary). The physical exercise was carried out on a treadmill for 60
min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, at 50-60% of the maximum running capacity. After
the training protocol, adipocytes isolated from the periepididymal adipose tissue
were submitted to glucose uptake and oxidation tests. Adipocytes from detrained
animals increased their glucose uptake capacity by 18.5% compared with those from
sedentary animals (P<0.05). The same cells also showed a greater glucose oxidation
capacity in response to insulin stimulation (34.55%) compared with those from the S
group (P<0.05). We hypothesize that, owing to the more intense glucose entrance
into adipose cells from detrained rats, more substrate became available for
triacylglycerol synthesis. Furthermore, this increased glucose oxidation rate allowed
an increase in energy supply for triacylglycerol synthesis. Thus, physical detraining
might play a role as a possible obesogenic factor for increasing glucose uptake and
oxidation by adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A L Sertié
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S Andreotti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A R G Proença
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brasil
| | - A B Campaña
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F B Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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