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Parrillo L, Spinelli R, Longo M, Zatterale F, Santamaria G, Leone A, Campitelli M, Raciti GA, Beguinot F. The Transcription Factor HOXA5: Novel Insights into Metabolic Diseases and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2090. [PMID: 37626900 PMCID: PMC10453582 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor HOXA5, from the HOX gene family, has long been studied due to its critical role in physiological activities in normal cells, such as organ development and body patterning, and pathological activities in cancer cells. Nonetheless, recent evidence supports the hypothesis of a role for HOXA5 in metabolic diseases, particularly in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In line with the current opinion that adipocyte and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction belong to the group of primary defects in obesity, linking this condition to an increased risk of insulin resistance (IR) and T2D, the HOXA5 gene has been shown to regulate adipocyte function and AT remodeling both in humans and mice. Epigenetics adds complexity to HOXA5 gene regulation in metabolic diseases. Indeed, epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, influence the dynamic HOXA5 expression profile. In human AT, the DNA methylation profile at the HOXA5 gene is associated with hypertrophic obesity and an increased risk of developing T2D. Thus, an inappropriate HOXA5 gene expression may be a mechanism causing or maintaining an impaired AT function in obesity and potentially linking obesity to its associated disorders. In this review, we integrate the current evidence about the involvement of HOXA5 in regulating AT function, as well as its association with the pathogenesis of obesity and T2D. We also summarize the current knowledge on the role of DNA methylation in controlling HOXA5 expression. Moreover, considering the susceptibility of epigenetic changes to reversal through targeted interventions, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of targeting HOXA5 DNA methylation changes in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Parrillo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michele Longo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Federica Zatterale
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessia Leone
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Michele Campitelli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.S.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (G.A.R.)
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Chen S, Zhou M, Zhao X, Han Y, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Xiao X, Li P. Metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology study on the protective effect of Keguan-1 granules in LPS-induced acute lung injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:525-534. [PMID: 35253576 PMCID: PMC8903776 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Keguan-1 (KG-1) plays a vital role in enhancing the curative effects, improving quality of life, and reducing the development of acute lung injury (ALI). OBJECTIVE To unravel the protective effect and underlying mechanism of KG-1 against ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharide to establish the ALI model. Then, mice in the KG-1 group received a dose of 5.04 g/kg for 12 h. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and pathological characteristics were determined to explore the effects of KG-1. Next, untargeted metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites and involved pathways for KG-1 anti-ALI. Network pharmacology was carried out to predict the putative active components and drug targets of KG-1 anti-ALI. RESULTS KG-1 significantly improved the levels of TNF-α (from 2295.92 ± 529.87 pg/mL to 1167.64 ± 318.91 pg/mL), IL-6 (from 4688.80 ± 481.68 pg/mL to 3604.43 ± 382.00 pg/mL), CXCL1 (from 4361.76 ± 505.73 pg/mL to 2981.04 ± 526.18 pg/mL), CXCL2 (from 5034.09 ± 809.28 pg/mL to 2980.30 ± 747.63 pg/mL), and impaired lung histological damage. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that KG-1 significantly regulated 12 different metabolites, which mainly related to lipid, amino acid, and vitamin metabolism. Network pharmacology showed that KG-1 exhibited anti-ALI effects through 17 potentially active components acting on seven putative drug targets to regulate four metabolites. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This work elucidated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism by which KG-1 protects against ALI from the view of the metabolome, thus providing a scientific basis for the usage of KG-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Chen
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Zhou
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhong Han
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Topaloglu N, Özdemir M, Çevik ZBY. Comparative analysis of the light parameters of red and near-infrared diode lasers to induce photobiomodulation on fibroblasts and keratinocytes: An in vitro study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 37:253-262. [PMID: 33332651 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation (PBM) depends on the use of non-ionizing light energy to trigger photochemical changes, particularly in light-sensitive mitochondrial structures. It triggers proliferation and the metabolic activity of the cells, primarily by utilizing the energy from the near-infrared to the red wavelength of the light. PURPOSE This in vitro study has analyzed comparatively the most appropriate energy doses and wavelengths to induce PBM on keratinocytes and fibroblasts for the accelerated wound healing process. METHODS 1, 3, and 5 J/cm2 energy densities of 655 and 808-nm diode lasers were used to promote cell proliferation and wound healing process. Scratch assay and MTT analysis were performed on keratinocytes and fibroblasts for wound closure and cell proliferation after the triple light applications, respectively. RESULTS 655-nm of wavelength was more successful on keratinocytes to induce wound healing and cell proliferation, whereas 808-nm of wavelength was so effective on fibroblasts to heal the wounds totally and it induced cell proliferation almost 3 times compared to the untreated control group. CONCLUSION This study revealed that PBM with 655 and 808 nm of wavelengths was effective to speed up the wound healing process at specific energy densities. In general 808-nm of wavelength was more successful. However, the proper wavelength and the energy density may differ according to the cell type. Thus, every light parameter should be chosen properly to obtain better outcomes during PBM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Topaloglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Özdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ziyşan Buse Yaralı Çevik
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Riccetti M, Gokey JJ, Aronow B, Perl AKT. The elephant in the lung: Integrating lineage-tracing, molecular markers, and single cell sequencing data to identify distinct fibroblast populations during lung development and regeneration. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:51-74. [PMID: 32442602 PMCID: PMC7434667 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During lung development, the mesenchyme and epithelium are dependent on each other for instructive morphogenic cues that direct proliferation, cellular differentiation and organogenesis. Specification of epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineages occurs in parallel, forming cellular subtypes that guide the formation of both transitional developmental structures and the permanent architecture of the adult lung. While epithelial cell types and lineages have been relatively well-defined in recent years, the definition of mesenchymal cell types and lineage relationships has been more challenging. Transgenic mouse lines with permanent and inducible lineage tracers have been instrumental in identifying lineage relationships among epithelial progenitor cells and their differentiation into distinct airway and alveolar epithelial cells. Lineage tracing experiments with reporter mice used to identify fibroblast progenitors and their lineage trajectories have been limited by the number of cell specific genes and the developmental timepoint when the lineage trace was activated. In this review, we discuss major developmental mesenchymal lineages, focusing on time of origin, major cell type, and other lineage derivatives, as well as the transgenic tools used to find and define them. We describe lung fibroblasts using function, location, and molecular markers in order to compare and contrast cells with similar functions. The temporal and cell-type specific expression of fourteen "fibroblast lineage" genes were identified in single-cell RNA-sequencing data from LungMAP in the LGEA database. Using these lineage signature genes as guides, we clustered murine lung fibroblast populations from embryonic day 16.5 to postnatal day 28 (E16.5-PN28) and generated heatmaps to illustrate expression of transcription factors, signaling receptors and ligands in a temporal and population specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Riccetti
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jason J Gokey
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anne-Karina T Perl
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Easter M, Garth J, Harris ES, Shei RJ, Helton ES, Wei Y, Denson R, Zaharias R, Rowe SM, Geraghty P, Faul C, Barnes JW, Krick S. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Deficiency Mediates Airway Inflammation in the Adult Healthy Lung? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:317. [PMID: 32793609 PMCID: PMC7393220 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 has been shown to mediate pro-inflammatory signaling in the liver and airway epithelium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In past reports, FGFR4 knockout (Fgfr4 -/- ) mice did not show any lung phenotype developmentally or at birth, unless FGFR3 deficiency was present simultaneously. Therefore, we wanted to know whether the loss of FGFR4 had any effect on the adult murine lung. Our results indicate that adult Fgfr4 -/- mice demonstrate a lung phenotype consisting of widened airway spaces, increased airway inflammation, bronchial obstruction, and right ventricular hypertrophy consistent with emphysema. Despite downregulation of FGF23 serum levels, interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-6 in the Fgfr4 -/- lung, and abrogation of p38 signaling, primary murine Fgfr4 -/- airway cells showed increased expression of IL-1β and augmented secretion of IL-6, which correlated with decreased airway surface liquid depth as assessed by micro-optical coherence tomography. These findings were paralleled by increased ERK phosphorylation in Fgfr4 -/- airway cells when compared with their control wild-type cells. Analysis of a murine model with constitutive activation of FGFR4 showed attenuation of pro-inflammatory mediators in the lung and airway epithelium. In conclusion, we are the first to show an inflammatory and obstructive airway phenotype in the adult healthy murine Fgfr4 -/- lung, which might be due to the upregulation of ERK phosphorylation in the Fgfr4 -/- airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jaleesa Garth
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elex S. Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eric S. Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca Denson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rennan Zaharias
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Yu M, Guo Y, Zhang P, Xue J, Yang J, Cai Q, You X, Ma J, Yang D, Jia Y, Wang Y, Li F, Chi S, Cao M, Chen J, Liu X. Increased circulating Wnt5a protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial pneumonia (RA-ILD). Immunobiology 2019; 224:551-559. [PMID: 31072629 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is important for guiding treatments of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated ILD (RA-ILD) in clinical settings. The non-canonical Wnt signaling representative ligand Wnt5a was recently found to involve in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pathogenesis of RA. The goal of this study was to examine the clinical relevance of Wnt5a in RA-ILD. In this report, the clinical relevance of plasma Wnt5a protein was evaluated in 40 RA-ILD patients and 41 non-ILD RA cohorts. The results showed an elevated Wnt5a protein in plasmas of RA-ILD patients compared with non-ILD RA patients (p < 0.01), which was positively correlated with the plasma level of rheumatoid factor (RF). Of note, more abundant Wnt5a was also found in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) than those with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and other ILD patterns. More importantly, the disease severity was correlated with the circulating Wnt5a as ascertained by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)-UIP scores. The multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis further revealed that the age, RA duration, smoking and plasma Wnt5a were risk factors with clinical significance for RA-ILD. Interestingly, more Wnt5a-positive patients were identified in RA-ILD smokers relative to RA-ILD never-smokers, and longer smoking duration was strongly correlated with Wnt5a in RA-ILD patients. In consistence, ROC curve also suggested that the Wnt5a was a potential candidate biomarker for identifying patients with RA-UIP. These results demonstrate that the circulating Wnt5a may be a risk factor and potential biomarker for identifying UIP and accessing the severity and progression of ILD in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Institute of Human Stem Cell Research, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Qian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Xuehong You
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Shuhong Chi
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Mengshu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Shrestha AK, Bettini ML, Menon RT, Gopal VYN, Huang S, Edwards DP, Pammi M, Barrios R, Shivanna B. Consequences of early postnatal lipopolysaccharide exposure on developing lungs in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L229-L244. [PMID: 30307313 PMCID: PMC6383495 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00560.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of infants that is characterized by interrupted lung development. Postnatal sepsis causes BPD, yet the contributory mechanisms are unclear. To address this gap, studies have used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the alveolar phase of lung development. However, the lungs of infants who develop BPD are still in the saccular phase of development, and the effects of LPS during this phase are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that chronic LPS exposure during the saccular phase disrupts lung development by mechanisms that promote inflammation and prevent optimal lung development and repair. Wild-type C57BL6J mice were intraperitoneally administered 3, 6, or 10 mg/kg of LPS or a vehicle once daily on postnatal days (PNDs) 3-5. The lungs were collected for proteomic and genomic analyses and flow cytometric detection on PND6. The impact of LPS on lung development, cell proliferation, and apoptosis was determined on PND7. Finally, we determined differences in the LPS effects between the saccular and alveolar lungs. LPS decreased the survival and growth rate and lung development in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were associated with a decreased expression of proteins regulating cell proliferation and differentiation and increased expression of those mediating inflammation. While the lung macrophage population of LPS-treated mice increased, the T-regulatory cell population decreased. Furthermore, LPS-induced inflammatory and apoptotic response and interruption of cell proliferation and alveolarization was greater in alveolar than in saccular lungs. Collectively, the data support our hypothesis and reveal several potential therapeutic targets for sepsis-mediated BPD in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Kumar Shrestha
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew L Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Renuka T Menon
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Vashisht Y N Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Mohan Pammi
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Roberto Barrios
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital , Houston, Texas
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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Shrestha AK, Gopal VYN, Menon RT, Hagan JL, Huang S, Shivanna B. Lung omics signatures in a bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension-like murine model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L734-L741. [PMID: 30047283 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00183.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common chronic lung disease in infants, is associated with long-term morbidities, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). Importantly, hyperoxia causes BPD and PH; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we performed high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic studies using a clinically relevant murine model of BPD with PH. Neonatal wild-type C57BL6J mice were exposed to 21% oxygen (normoxia) or 70% oxygen (hyperoxia) during postnatal days (PNDs) 1-7. Lung tissues were collected for proteomic and genomic analyses on PND 7, and selected genes and proteins were validated by real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. Hyperoxia exposure dysregulated the expression of 344 genes and 21 proteins. Interestingly, hyperoxia downregulated genes involved in neuronal development and maturation in lung tissues. Gene set enrichment and gene ontology analyses identified apoptosis, oxidoreductase activity, plasma membrane integrity, organ development, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and mitophagy as the predominant processes affected by hyperoxia. Furthermore, selected deregulated proteins strongly correlated with the expression of specific genes. Collectively, our results identified several potential therapeutic targets for hyperoxia-mediated BPD and PH in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Kumar Shrestha
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Vashisht Y N Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Renuka T Menon
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph L Hagan
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Shixia Huang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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9
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Skronska-Wasek W, Gosens R, Königshoff M, Baarsma HA. WNT receptor signalling in lung physiology and pathology. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:150-166. [PMID: 29458107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signalling cascades have emerged as critical regulators of a wide variety of biological aspects involved in lung development as well as in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the adult lung. WNTs (secreted glycoproteins) interact with various transmembrane receptors and co-receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate transcriptional as well as non-transcriptional responses within cells. In physiological conditions, the majority of WNT receptors and co-receptors can be detected in the adult lung. However, dysregulation of WNT signalling pathways contributes to the development and progression of chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. The interaction between a WNT and the (co-)receptor(s) present at the cell surface is the initial step in transducing an extracellular signal into an intracellular response. This proximal event in WNT signal transduction with (cell-specific) ligand-receptor interactions is of great interest as a potential target for pharmacological intervention. In this review we highlight the diverse expression of various WNT receptors and co-receptors in the aforementioned chronic lung diseases and discuss the currently available biologicals and pharmacological tools to modify proximal WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Skronska-Wasek
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Hoeke Abele Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Li R, Herriges JC, Chen L, Mecham RP, Sun X. FGF receptors control alveolar elastogenesis. Development 2017; 144:4563-4572. [PMID: 29122839 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alveologenesis, the final step of lung development, is characterized by the formation of millions of alveolar septa that constitute the vast gas-exchange surface area. The genetic network driving alveologenesis is poorly understood compared with earlier steps in lung development. FGF signaling through receptors Fgfr3 and Fgfr4 is crucial for alveologenesis, but the mechanisms through which they mediate this process remain unclear. Here we show that in Fgfr3;Fgfr4 (Fgfr3;4) global mutant mice, alveolar simplification is first observed at the onset of alveologenesis at postnatal day 3. This is preceded by disorganization of elastin, indicating defects in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Although Fgfr3 and Fgfr4 are expressed in the mesenchyme and epithelium, inactivation in the mesenchyme, but not the epithelium, recapitulated the defects. Expression analysis of components of the elastogenesis machinery revealed that Mfap5 (also known as Magp2), which encodes an elastin-microfibril bridging factor, is upregulated in Fgfr3;4 mutants. Mfap5 mutation in the Fgfr3;4 mutant background partially attenuated the alveologenesis defects. These data demonstrate that, during normal lung maturation, FGF signaling restricts expression of the elastogenic machinery in the lung mesenchyme to control orderly formation of the elastin ECM, thereby driving alveolar septa formation to increase the gas-exchange surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John C Herriges
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 631103, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA .,Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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11
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Collins JJP, Tibboel D, de Kleer IM, Reiss IKM, Rottier RJ. The Future of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Emerging Pathophysiological Concepts and Potential New Avenues of Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:61. [PMID: 28589122 PMCID: PMC5439211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yearly more than 15 million babies are born premature (<37 weeks gestational age), accounting for more than 1 in 10 births worldwide. Lung injury caused by maternal chorioamnionitis or preeclampsia, postnatal ventilation, hyperoxia, or inflammation can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), one of the most common adverse outcomes in these preterm neonates. BPD patients have an arrest in alveolar and microvascular development and more frequently develop asthma and early-onset emphysema as they age. Understanding how the alveoli develop, and repair, and regenerate after injury is critical for the development of therapies, as unfortunately there is still no cure for BPD. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of emerging new concepts in the understanding of perinatal lung development and injury from a molecular and cellular point of view and how this is paving the way for new therapeutic options to prevent or treat BPD, as well as a reflection on current treatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J P Collins
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ismé M de Kleer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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McGowan S. Understanding the developmental pathways pulmonary fibroblasts may follow during alveolar regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:707-719. [PMID: 28062913 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although pulmonary alveolar interstitial fibroblasts are less specialized than their epithelial and endothelial neighbors, they play essential roles during development and in response to lung injury. At birth, they must adapt to the sudden mechanical changes imposed by the onset of respiration and to a higher ambient oxygen concentration. In diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and interstitial fibrosis, their adaptive responses are overwhelmed leading to compromised gas-exchange function. Thus, although fibroblasts do not directly participate in gas-exchange, they are essential for creating and maintaining an optimal environment at the alveolar epithelial-endothelial interface. This review summarizes new information and concepts about the ontogeny differentiation, and function of alveolar fibroblasts. Alveolar development will be emphasized, because the development of strategies to evoke alveolar repair and regeneration hinges on thoroughly understanding the way that resident fibroblasts populate specific locations in which extracellular matrix must be produced and remodeled. Other recent reviews have described the disruption that diseases cause to the fibroblast niche and so my objective is to illustrate how the unique developmental origins and differentiation pathways could be harnessed favorably to augment certain fibroblast subpopulations and to optimize the conditions for alveolar regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, C33B GH, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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13
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Dye BR, Dedhia PH, Miller AJ, Nagy MS, White ES, Shea LD, Spence JR. A bioengineered niche promotes in vivo engraftment and maturation of pluripotent stem cell derived human lung organoids. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27677847 PMCID: PMC5089859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derived tissues often remain developmentally immature in vitro, and become more adult-like in their structure, cellular diversity and function following transplantation into immunocompromised mice. Previously we have demonstrated that hPSC-derived human lung organoids (HLOs) resembled human fetal lung tissue in vitro (Dye et al., 2015). Here we show that HLOs required a bioartificial microporous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffold niche for successful engraftment, long-term survival, and maturation of lung epithelium in vivo. Analysis of scaffold-grown transplanted tissue showed airway-like tissue with enhanced epithelial structure and organization compared to HLOs grown in vitro. By further comparing in vitro and in vivo grown HLOs with fetal and adult human lung tissue, we found that in vivo transplanted HLOs had improved cellular differentiation of secretory lineages that is reflective of differences between fetal and adult tissue, resulting in airway-like structures that were remarkably similar to the native adult human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R Dye
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Melinda S Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Eric S White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
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14
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Boucherat O, Morissette MC, Provencher S, Bonnet S, Maltais F. Bridging Lung Development with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Relevance of Developmental Pathways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:362-75. [PMID: 26681127 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1518pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airflow limitation. This generic term encompasses emphysema and chronic bronchitis, two common conditions, each having distinct but also overlapping features. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies have challenged the traditional view that COPD is exclusively an adult disease occurring after years of inhalational insults to the lungs, pinpointing abnormalities or disruption of the pathways that control lung development as an important susceptibility factor for adult COPD. In addition, there is growing evidence that emphysema is not solely a destructive process because it is also characterized by a failure in cell and molecular maintenance programs necessary for proper lung development. This leads to the concept that tissue regeneration required stimulation of signaling pathways that normally operate during development. We undertook a review of the literature to outline the contribution of developmental insults and genes in the occurrence and pathogenesis of COPD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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15
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Jeannotte L, Gotti F, Landry-Truchon K. Hoxa5: A Key Player in Development and Disease. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:E13. [PMID: 29615582 PMCID: PMC5831783 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical position in the developmental hierarchy is occupied by the Hox genes, which encode transcription factors. Hox genes are crucial in specifying regional identity along the embryonic axes and in regulating morphogenesis. In mouse, targeted mutations of Hox genes cause skeletal transformations and organ defects that can impair viability. Here, we present the current knowledge about the Hoxa5 gene, a paradigm for the function and the regulation of Hox genes. The phenotypic survey of Hoxa5-/- mice has unveiled its critical role in the regional specification of the skeleton and in organogenesis. Most Hoxa5-/- mice die at birth from respiratory distress due to tracheal and lung dysmorphogenesis and impaired diaphragm innervation. The severity of the phenotype establishes that Hoxa5 plays a predominant role in lung organogenesis versus other Hox genes. Hoxa5 also governs digestive tract morphogenesis, thyroid and mammary glands development, and ovary homeostasis. Deregulated Hoxa5 expression is reported in cancers, indicating Hoxa5 involvement in tumor predisposition and progression. The dynamic Hoxa5 expression profile is under the transcriptional control of multiple cis-acting sequences and trans-acting regulators. It is also modulated by epigenetic mechanisms, implicating chromatin modifications and microRNAs. Finally, lncRNAs originating from alternative splicing and distal promoters encompass the Hoxa5 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Florian Gotti
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Kim Landry-Truchon
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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16
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Branchfield K, Li R, Lungova V, Verheyden JM, McCulley D, Sun X. A three-dimensional study of alveologenesis in mouse lung. Dev Biol 2015; 409:429-41. [PMID: 26632490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alveologenesis is the final step of lung maturation, which subdivides the alveolar region of the lung into smaller units called alveoli. Each of the nascent dividers serves as a new gas-exchange surface, and collectively they drastically increase the surface area for breathing. Disruption of alveologenesis results in simplification of alveoli, as is seen in premature infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a prevalent lung disease that is often associated with lifelong breathing deficiencies. To date, a majority of studies of alveologenesis rely on two-dimensional (2D) analysis of tissue sections. Given that an overarching theme of alveologenesis is thinning and extension of the epithelium and mesenchyme to facilitate gas exchange, often only a small portion of a cell or a cellular structure is represented in a single 2D plane. Here, we use a three-dimensional (3D) approach to examine the structural architecture and cellular composition of myofibroblasts, alveolar type 2 cells, elastin and lipid droplets in normal as well as BPD-like mouse lung. We found that 2D finger-like septal crests, commonly used to depict growing alveolar septae, are often artifacts of sectioning through fully established alveolar walls. Instead, a more accurate representation of growing septae are 3D ridges that are lined by platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts, as well as the elastin fibers that they produce. Accordingly in 3D, both α-SMA and elastin were each found in connected networks underlying the 3D septal ridges rather than as isolated dots at the tip of 2D septal crests. Analysis through representative stages of alveologenesis revealed unappreciated dynamic changes in these patterns. PDGFRA-expressing cells are only α-SMA-positive during the first phase of alveologenesis, but not in the second phase, suggesting that the two phases of septae formation may be driven by distinct mechanisms. Thin elastin fibers are already present in the alveolar region prior to alveologenesis, suggesting that during alveologenesis, there is not only new elastin deposition, but also extensive remodeling to transform thin and uniformly distributed fibers into thick cables that rim the nascent septae. Analysis of several genetic as well as hyperoxia-induced models of BPD revealed that the myofibroblast organization is perturbed in all, regardless of whether the origin of defect is epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial or environmental. Finally, analysis of relative position of PDGFRA-positive cells and alveolar type 2 cells reveal that during alveologenesis, these two cell types are not always adjacent to one another. This result suggests that the niche and progenitor relationship afforded by their close juxtaposition in the adult lung may be a later acquired property. These insights revealed by 3D reconstruction of the septae set the foundation for future investigations of the mechanisms driving normal alveologenesis, as well as causes of alveolar simplification in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Branchfield
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 52706, United States
| | - Rongbo Li
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 52706, United States
| | - Vlasta Lungova
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jamie M Verheyden
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 52706, United States
| | - David McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 52706, United States.
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17
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Xu W, Xu B, Zhao Y, Yang N, Liu C, Wen G, Zhang B. Wnt5a reverses the inhibitory effect of hyperoxia on transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells to type I cells. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:823-38. [PMID: 26547443 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) to type I cells (AECIs) is critical for reestablishment and maintenance of an intact alveolar epithelium. However, this process is frequently destroyed by hyperoxia treatment, which is commonly used in respiratory distress syndrome therapy in preterm infants. Wnt5a is considered to participate in this physiopathologic process, but the clear mechanisms still need to be further investigated. In this study, preterm rats and primary rat AECIIs were exposed to hyperoxia. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine the histological changes of the lungs. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to examine Wnt5a expression and biomarkers of AECII and AECI expression. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were also used to determine the expression and location of selected biomarkers. Furthermore, AECIIs transfected with Wnt5a gene and exogenous Wnt5a were used to examine whether Wnt5a contributes to the transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs. Results showed that hyperoxia inhibited the transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs in vitro, which is represented by biomarkers of two types of cell that remained unchanged. In addition, Wnt5a protein expression was found to be decreased after hyperoxia exposure in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, both the overexpression of Wnt5a and exogenous Wnt5a addition blocked the inhibitory effect of hyperoxia in vitro. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs is impaired by hyperoxia, and this process may be associated with Wnt5a downregulation. Targeting Wnt5a may have the potential for the therapy of lung injury in preterm infants induced by hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
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18
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Newman DR, Sills WS, Hanrahan K, Ziegler A, Tidd KM, Cook E, Sannes PL. Expression of WNT5A in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Its Control by TGF-β and WNT7B in Human Lung Fibroblasts. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 64:99-111. [PMID: 26538547 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415617988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The wingless (Wnt) family of signaling ligands contributes significantly to lung development and is highly expressed in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). We sought to define the cellular distribution of Wnt5A in the lung tissue of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and the signaling ligands that control its expression in human lung fibroblasts and IPF myofibroblasts. Tissue sections from 40 patients diagnosed with IPF or UIP were probed for the immunolocalization of Wnt5A. Further, isolated lung fibroblasts from normal or IPF human lungs, adenovirally transduced for the overexpression or silencing of Wnt7B or treated with TGF-β1 or its inhibitor, were analyzed for Wnt5A protein expression. Wnt5A was expressed in IPF lungs by airway and alveolar epithelium, smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and myofibroblasts of fibroblastic foci and throughout the interstitium. Forced overexpression of Wnt7B with or without TGF-β1 treatment significantly increased Wnt5A protein expression in normal human smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts but not in IPF myofibroblasts where Wnt5A was already highly expressed. The results demonstrate a wide distribution of Wnt5A expression in cells of the IPF lung and reveal that it is significantly increased by Wnt7B and TGF-β1, which, in combination, could represent key signaling pathways that modulate the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Newman
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (DRN, WSS, KH, AZ, KMT, EC, PLS)
| | - W Shane Sills
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (DRN, WSS, KH, AZ, KMT, EC, PLS)
| | - Katherine Hanrahan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (DRN, WSS, KH, AZ, KMT, EC, PLS)
| | - Amanda Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (DRN, WSS, KH, AZ, KMT, EC, PLS)
| | - Kathleen McGinnis Tidd
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (DRN, WSS, KH, AZ, KMT, EC, PLS)
| | - Elizabeth Cook
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (DRN, WSS, KH, AZ, KMT, EC, PLS)
| | - Philip L Sannes
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (DRN, WSS, KH, AZ, KMT, EC, PLS)
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19
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Morry J, Ngamcherdtrakul W, Gu S, Goodyear SM, Castro DJ, Reda MM, Sangvanich T, Yantasee W. Dermal delivery of HSP47 siRNA with NOX4-modulating mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles for treating fibrosis. Biomaterials 2015; 66:41-52. [PMID: 26196532 PMCID: PMC4522385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma have been linked to increased oxidative stress and upregulation of pro-fibrotic genes. Recent work suggests a role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in inducing excessive collagen synthesis, leading to fibrotic diseases. Herein, we elucidate the relationship between NOX4 and HSP47 in fibrogenesis and propose to modulate them altogether as a new strategy to treat fibrosis. We developed a nanoparticle platform consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating on a 50-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) core. The nanoparticles effectively delivered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HSP47 (siHSP47) in an in vitro model of fibrosis based on TGF-β stimulated fibroblasts. The MSNP core also imparted an antioxidant property by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently reducing NOX4 levels in the in vitro fibrogenesis model. The nanoparticle was far superior to n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) at modulating pro-fibrotic markers. In vivo evaluation was performed in a bleomycin-induced scleroderma mouse model, which shares many similarities to human scleroderma disease. Intradermal administration of siHSP47-nanoparticles effectively reduced HSP47 protein expression in skin to normal level. In addition, the antioxidant MSNP also played a prominent role in reducing the pro-fibrotic markers, NOX4, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type I (COL I), as well as skin thickness of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingga Morry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shenda Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shaun M Goodyear
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David J Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 24 Independence Ave, Lake Oswego, OR 97035, USA
| | - Moataz M Reda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thanapon Sangvanich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 24 Independence Ave, Lake Oswego, OR 97035, USA.
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20
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Preterm Rabbit Lung after Seven Days of Hyperoxic Exposure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136569. [PMID: 26317699 PMCID: PMC4552674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal management of preterm born infants often results in damage to the developing lung and subsequent morbidity, referred to as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Animal models may help in understanding the molecular processes involved in this condition and define therapeutic targets. Our goal was to identify molecular pathways using the earlier described preterm rabbit model of hyperoxia induced lung-injury. Transcriptome analysis by mRNA-sequencing was performed on lungs from preterm rabbit pups born at day 28 of gestation (term: 31 days) and kept in hyperoxia (95% O2) for 7 days. Controls were preterm pups kept in normoxia. Transcriptomic data were analyzed using Array Studio and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), in order to identify the central molecules responsible for the observed transcriptional changes. We detected 2217 significantly dysregulated transcripts following hyperoxia, of which 90% could be identified. Major pathophysiological dysregulations were found in inflammation, lung development, vascular development and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. To conclude, amongst the many dysregulated transcripts, major changes were found in the inflammatory, oxidative stress and lung developmental pathways. This information may be used for the generation of new treatment hypotheses for hyperoxia-induced lung injury and BPD.
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21
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Li C, Bellusci S, Borok Z, Minoo P. Non-canonical WNT signalling in the lung. J Biochem 2015; 158:355-65. [PMID: 26261051 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of WNT signalling in metazoan organogenesis has been a topic of widespread interest. In the lung, while the role of canonical WNT signalling has been examined in some detail by multiple studies, the non-canonical WNT signalling has received limited attention. Reliable evidence shows that this important signalling mechanism constitutes a major regulatory pathway in lung development. In addition, accumulating evidence has also shown that the non-canonical WNT pathway is critical for maintaining lung homeostasis and that aberrant activation of this pathway may underlie several debilitating lung diseases. Functional analyses have further revealed that the non-canonical WNT pathway regulates multiple cellular activities in the lung that are dependent on the specific cellular context. In most cell types, non-canonical WNT signalling regulates canonical WNT activity, which is also critical for many aspects of lung biology. This review will summarize what is currently known about the role of non-canonical WNT signalling in lung development, homeostasis and pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), D-35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), D-35390 Giessen, Hessen, Germany; Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; and
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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22
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Xu W, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Xu B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liu C. Wnt3a Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Hyperoxia on the Transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs. J Histochem Cytochem 2015. [PMID: 26209081 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Wnt3a in the transdifferentiation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) to type I alveolar epithelial cells (AECIs) under hyperoxia condition. In the in vivo study, preterm rats were exposed in hyperoxia for 21 days. In the in vitro study, primary rat AECIIs were subjected to a hyperoxia and normoxia exposure alternatively every 24 hr for 7 days. siRNA-mediated knockout of Wnt3a and exogenous Wnt3a were used to investigate the effect of Wnt3a on transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs. Wnt5a-overexpressed AECIIs were also used to investigate whether Wnt3a could counteract the effect of Wnt5a. The results showed that hyperoxia induced alveolar damage in the lung of preterm born rats, as well as an increased expression of Wnt3a and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. In addition, Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling was activated in isolated AECIIs after hyperoxia exposure. Wnt3a knockout blocked the inhibition of the transdifferentiation induced by hyperoxia, and Wnt3a addition exacerbated this inhibition. Furthermore, Wnt3a addition blocked the transdifferentiation-promoting effect of Wnt5a in hyperoxia-exposed Wnt5a-overexpressed AECIIs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the activated Wnt3a/β-catenin signal may be involved in the hyperoxia-induced inhibition of AECIIs' transdifferentiation to AECIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (WX,YZ,BZ,YY,YW,CL)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (WX,YZ,BZ,YY,YW,CL)
| | - Binglun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (WX,YZ,BZ,YY,YW,CL)
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China (BX)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (WX,YZ,BZ,YY,YW,CL)
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (WX,YZ,BZ,YY,YW,CL)
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (WX,YZ,BZ,YY,YW,CL)
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23
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Sustained activation of toll-like receptor 9 induces an invasive phenotype in lung fibroblasts: possible implications in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:943-57. [PMID: 25660181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by excessive scarring of the lung parenchyma, resulting in a steady decline of lung function and ultimately respiratory failure. The disease course of IPF is extremely variable, with some patients exhibiting stability of symptoms for prolonged periods of time, whereas others exhibit rapid progression and loss of lung function. Viral infections have been implicated in IPF and linked to disease severity; however, whether they directly contribute to progression is unclear. We previously classified patients as rapid and slow progressors on the basis of clinical features and expression of the pathogen recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Activation of TLR9 in vivo exacerbated IPF in mice and induced differentiation of myofibroblasts in vitro, but the mechanism of TLR9 up-regulation and progression of fibrosis are unknown. Herein, we investigate whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, a pleiotropic cytokine central to IPF pathogenesis, regulates TLR9 in lung myofibroblasts. Results showed induction of TLR9 expression by TGF-β in lung myofibroblasts and a distinct profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype driven by stimulation with the TLR9 agonist, CpG-DNA. Chronic TLR9 stimulation resulted in stably differentiated α-smooth muscle actin(+)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor α(+)/CD44(+)/matrix metalloproteinase-14(+)/matrix metalloproteinase-2(+) myofibroblasts, which secrete inflammatory cytokines, invade Matrigel toward platelet-derived growth factor, and resist hypoxia-induced apoptosis. These results suggest a mechanism by which TGF-β and TLR9 responses in myofibroblasts collaborate to drive rapid progression of IPF.
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Zana-Taieb E, Pham H, Franco-Montoya ML, Jacques S, Letourneur F, Baud O, Jarreau PH, Vaiman D. Impaired alveolarization and intra-uterine growth restriction in rats: a postnatal genome-wide analysis. J Pathol 2015; 235:420-30. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Zana-Taieb
- Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Fondation PremUp, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris; France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1141; Paris France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine et Réanimation Néonatales de Port-Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Broca, Hôtel-Dieu, 53 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris; France
| | - H Pham
- Fondation PremUp, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris; France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1141; Paris France
| | - ML Franco-Montoya
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955 IMRB Equipe 04, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, 94010 Créteil; France
| | - S Jacques
- Genom'ic, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris; France
| | - F Letourneur
- Genom'ic, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris; France
| | - O Baud
- Fondation PremUp, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris; France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1141; Paris France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Réanimation et Pédiatrie Néonatales, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris; France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - PH Jarreau
- Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Fondation PremUp, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris; France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1141; Paris France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine et Réanimation Néonatales de Port-Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Broca, Hôtel-Dieu, 53 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris; France
| | - D Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS, UMRS 104; Paris France
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25
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Du W, Xie Y, Li D, Chen Y. CBRH-7919 Cell Supernate Promotes Fibroblasts to Express Cyclooxygenase-2 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:1237-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Paxson JA, Gruntman AM, Davis AM, Parkin CM, Ingenito EP, Hoffman AM. Age dependence of lung mesenchymal stromal cell dynamics following pneumonectomy. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3214-25. [PMID: 23895415 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a critical determinant of regenerative capacity in many organ systems, but it remains unresolved in the lung. This study examines murine lung cell dynamics during age-dependent lung regeneration. Proliferation of lung progenitor cells (EpCAM(neg)/Sca-1(high) lung mesenchymal stromal cells - LMSCs, EpCAM(pos)/Sca-1(low) epithelial progenitor cells, proSP-C(pos) alveolar type II epithelial cells - AECII, and CD31(pos) - endothelial cells) was tracked to day 3 or 7 after pneumonectomy (PNX) or SHAM surgery in 3, 9, and 17 month mice. In 3 month mice, post-PNX LMSC proliferation peaked early (3 days), with 50%-80% more BrdU-positive cells than the other cell types, which peaked later (4-7 days). In older mice (9 and 17 month), abundance and post-PNX proliferation of LMSCs at day 3 were reduced (40%-80%). In both young and old mice, LMSCs were isolated and compared phenotypically with whole lung non-LMSCs. Donor age had no qualitative effect on the phenotype (LMSC vs. non-LMSC), with increased expression of CD90/Thy1, CD105/Eng, CD106/Vcam, CD146/Mcam, and Pdgfrα, and up-regulation of mRNA encoding Fap, Eln, Col1a1, Col3a1, Aldh1a3, Arhgef25, Dner, Fgfr1, and Midkine. However, compared with LMSCs isolated from young mice, LMSCs from older mice exhibited reduced mRNA expression of retinoic acid (Aldh1a3, Rbp4), Fgf/Wnt (Fgfr1, Sfrp1, Wnt2, and Ctnnb1), and elastogenesis (Col1a1, Eln, Fbn1, and Sdc2) pathway genes. Isolated LMSCs from older mice also demonstrated lower colony-forming units (-67%), growth potential (-60% by day 7), ALDH activity (-49%), and telomerase activity (-47%). Therefore, age is associated with declining proliferative potential and regenerative functions of LMSCs in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Paxson
- 1 Biology Department, College of the Holy Cross , Worcester, Massachusetts
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27
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James ML, Ross AC, Nicola T, Steele C, Ambalavanan N. VARA attenuates hyperoxia-induced impaired alveolar development and lung function in newborn mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L803-12. [PMID: 23585226 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00257.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that a combination of vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) in a 10:1 molar ratio (VARA) synergistically increases lung retinoid content in newborn rodents, more than either VA or RA alone in equimolar amounts. We hypothesized that the increase in lung retinoids would reduce oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in attenuation of alveolar simplification and abnormal lung function in hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 85% O₂ (hyperoxia) or air (normoxia) for 7 or 14 days from birth and given vehicle or VARA every other day. Lung retinol content was measured by HPLC, function was assessed by flexiVent, and development was evaluated by radial alveolar counts, mean linear intercept, and secondary septal crest density. Mediators of oxidative stress, inflammation, and alveolar development were evaluated in lung homogenates. We observed that VARA increased lung retinol stores and attenuated hyperoxia-induced alveolar simplification while increasing lung compliance and lowering resistance. VARA attenuated hyperoxia-induced increases in DNA damage and protein oxidation accompanied with a reduction in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein but did not alter malondialdehyde adducts, nitrotyrosine, or myeloperoxidase concentrations. Interferon-γ and macrophage inflammatory protein-2α mRNA and protein increased with hyperoxia, and this increase was attenuated by VARA. Our study suggests that the VARA combination may be a potential therapeutic strategy in conditions characterized by VA deficiency and hyperoxia-induced lung injury during lung development, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masheika L James
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
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Boucherat O, Chakir J, Jeannotte L. The loss of Hoxa5 function promotes Notch-dependent goblet cell metaplasia in lung airways. Biol Open 2012; 1:677-91. [PMID: 23213461 PMCID: PMC3507293 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hox genes encode transcription factors controlling complex developmental processes in various organs. Little is known, however, about how HOX proteins control cell fate. Herein, we demonstrate that the goblet cell metaplasia observed in lung airways from Hoxa5−/− mice originates from the transdifferentiation of Clara cells. Reduced CC10 expression in Hoxa5−/− embryos indicates that altered cell specification occurs prior to birth. The loss of Hoxa5 function does not preclude airway repair after naphthalene exposure, but the regenerated epithelium presents goblet cell metaplasia and less CC10-positive cells, demonstrating the essential role of Hoxa5 for correct differentiation. Goblet cell metaplasia in Hoxa5−/− mice is a FOXA2-independent process. However, it is associated with increased Notch signaling activity. Consistent with these findings, expression levels of activated NOTCH1 and the effector gene HEY2 are enhanced in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In vivo administration of a γ-secretase inhibitor attenuates goblet cell metaplasia in Hoxa5−/− mice, highlighting the contribution of Notch signaling to the phenotype and suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit goblet cell differentiation and mucus overproduction in airway diseases. In summary, the loss of Hoxa5 function in lung mesenchyme impacts on epithelial cell fate by modulating Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec , L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 rue McMahon, Québec QC G1R 2J6 , Canada
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29
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Ahlfeld SK, Conway SJ. Aberrant signaling pathways of the lung mesenchyme and their contributions to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 94:3-15. [PMID: 22125178 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in infants born extremely preterm, typically before 28 weeks' gestation, characterized by a prolonged need for supplemental oxygen or positive pressure ventilation beyond 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The limited number of autopsy samples available from infants with BPD in the postsurfactant era has revealed a reduced capacity for gas exchange resulting from simplification of the distal lung structure with fewer, larger alveoli because of a failure of normal lung alveolar septation and pulmonary microvascular development. The mechanisms responsible for alveolar simplification in BPD have not been fully elucidated, but mounting evidence suggests that aberrations in the cross-talk between growth factors of the lung mesenchyme and distal airspace epithelium have a key role. Animal models that recapitulate the human condition have expanded our knowledge of the pathology of BPD and have identified candidate matrix components and growth factors in the developing lung that are disrupted by conditions that predispose infants to BPD and interfere with normal vascular and alveolar morphogenesis. This review focuses on the deviations from normal lung development that define the pathophysiology of BPD and summarizes the various candidate mesenchyme-associated proteins and growth factors that have been identified as being disrupted in animal models of BPD. Finally, future areas of research to identify novel targets affected in arrested lung development and recovery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn K Ahlfeld
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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30
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Bozyk PD, Popova AP, Bentley JK, Goldsmith AM, Linn MJ, Weiss DJ, Hershenson MB. Mesenchymal stromal cells from neonatal tracheal aspirates demonstrate a pattern of lung-specific gene expression. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1995-2007. [PMID: 21341990 PMCID: PMC3202893 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously isolated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from the tracheal aspirates of premature neonates with respiratory distress. Although isolation of MSCs correlates with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the physiologic role of these cells remains unclear. To address this, we further characterized the cells, focusing on the issues of gene expression, origin, and cytokine expression. Microarray comparison of early passage neonatal lung MSC gene expression to cord blood MSCs and human fetal and neonatal lung fibroblast lines demonstrated that the neonatal lung MSCs differentially expressed 971 gene probes compared with cord blood MSCs, including the transcription factors Tbx2, Tbx3, Wnt5a, FoxF1, and Gli2, each of which has been associated with lung development. Compared with lung fibroblasts, 710 gene probe transcripts were differentially expressed by the lung MSCs, including IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8. Differential chemokine expression was confirmed by protein analysis. Further, neonatal lung MSCs exhibited a pattern of Hox gene expression distinct from cord blood MSCs but similar to human fetal lung fibroblasts, consistent with a lung origin. On the other hand, limiting dilution analysis showed that fetal lung fibroblasts form colonies at a significantly lower rate than MSCs, and fibroblasts failed to undergo differentiation along adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. In conclusion, MSCs isolated from neonatal tracheal aspirates demonstrate a pattern of lung-specific gene expression, are distinct from lung fibroblasts, and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Bozyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonia P. Popova
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adam M. Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marisa J. Linn
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Franco-Montoya ML, Boucherat O, Thibault C, Chailley-Heu B, Incitti R, Delacourt C, Bourbon JR. Profiling target genes of FGF18 in the postnatal mouse lung: possible relevance for alveolar development. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:1226-40. [PMID: 21878612 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00034.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Better understanding alveolarization mechanisms could help improve prevention and treatment of diseases characterized by reduced alveolar number. Although signaling through fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors is essential for alveolarization, involved ligands are unidentified. FGF18, the expression of which peaks coincidentally with alveolar septation, is likely to be involved. Herein, a mouse model with inducible, lung-targeted FGF18 transgene was used to advance the onset of FGF18 expression peak, and genome-wide expression changes were determined by comparison with littermate controls. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm expression changes of selected up- and downregulated genes and to determine their expression profiles in the course of lung postnatal development. This allowed identifying so-far unknown target genes of the factor, among which a number are known to be involved in alveolarization. The major target was adrenomedullin, a promoter of lung angiogenesis and alveolar development, whose transcript was increased 6.9-fold. Other genes involved in angiogenesis presented marked expression increases, including Wnt2 and cullin2. Although it appeared to favor cell migration notably through enhanced expression of Snai1/2, FGF18 also induced various changes consistent with prevention of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Together with antifibrotic effects driven by induction of E prostanoid receptor 2 and repression of numerous myofibroblast markers, this could prevent alveolar septation-driving mechanisms from becoming excessive and deleterious. Last, FGF18 up- or downregulated genes of extracellular matrix components and epithelial cell markers previously shown to be up- or downregulated during alveolarization. These findings therefore argue for an involvement of FGF18 in the control of various developmental events during the alveolar stage.
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32
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Hadchouel A, Durrmeyer X, Bouzigon E, Incitti R, Huusko J, Jarreau PH, Lenclen R, Demenais F, Franco-Montoya ML, Layouni I, Patkai J, Bourbon J, Hallman M, Danan C, Delacourt C. Identification of SPOCK2 as a susceptibility gene for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:1164-70. [PMID: 21836138 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201103-0548oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic respiratory disease in premature infants. Genetic factors might contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia susceptibility. OBJECTIVES To identify genetic variants involved in bronchopulmonary dysplasia through a genome-wide association study. METHODS We prospectively evaluated 418 premature neonates (gestational age <28 wk), of whom 22% developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Two discovery series were created, using a DNA pooling strategy in neonates from white and African ancestry. Polymorphisms associated with the disease were confirmed in an independent replication population. Genes were then explored by fine mapping and associations were replicated in an external Finnish population of 213 neonates. Validated genes expression patterns were studied in rat lung, after air or hyperoxia exposure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SPOCK2 gene was identified by both discovery series. The most significant polymorphism (rs1245560; P = 1.66 × 10(-7)) was confirmed by individual genotyping, and in the replication population (P = 0.002). Fine mapping confirmed the association of rs1245560 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in both white and African populations with adjusted odds ratios of 2.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-6.40) and 4.87 (95% CI, 1.88-12.63), respectively. In white neonates, rs1049269 was also associated with the disease (odds ratio, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.51-6.82). These associations were replicated in the Finnish population. In newborn rat lungs, SPOCK2 mRNA levels markedly increased during the alveolar stage of lung development. After rat exposure to hyperoxia, SPOCK2 expression increased relative to air-exposed controls. CONCLUSIONS We identified SPOCK2 as a new possible candidate susceptibility gene for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Its lung expression pattern points toward a potential role in alveolarization.
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Emerging roles for retinoids in regeneration and differentiation in normal and disease states. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:213-21. [PMID: 21855651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), is a signaling molecule that plays key roles in the development of the body plan and induces the differentiation of many types of cells. In this review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of retinoids (retinol and related metabolites) in mature animals are discussed. Both in the developing embryo and in the adult, RA signaling via combinatorial Hox gene expression is important for cell positional memory. The genes that require RA for the maturation/differentiation of T cells are only beginning to be cataloged, but it is clear that retinoids play a major role in expression of key genes in the immune system. An exciting, recent publication in regeneration research shows that ALDH1a2 (RALDH2), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of RA from retinaldehyde, is highly induced shortly after amputation in the regenerating heart, adult fin, and larval fin in zebrafish. Thus, local generation of RA presumably plays a key role in fin formation during both embryogenesis and in fin regeneration. HIV transgenic mice and human patients with HIV-associated kidney disease exhibit a profound reduction in the level of RARβ protein in the glomeruli, and HIV transgenic mice show reduced retinol dehydrogenase levels, concomitant with a greater than 3-fold reduction in endogenous RA levels in the glomeruli. Levels of endogenous retinoids (those synthesized from retinol within cells) are altered in many different diseases in the lung, kidney, and central nervous system, contributing to pathophysiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
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Lopez E, Jarreau PH, Zana E, Franco-Montoya ML, Schmitz T, Evain-Brion D, Bourbon J, Delacourt C, Méhats C. Differential expression of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 4 in developing rat lung. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:2470-8. [PMID: 20652950 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During the perinatal period, lungs undergo changes to adapt to air breathing. The genes involved in these changes are developmentally regulated by various signaling pathways, including the cyclic nucleotide cAMP. As PDE4s are critical enzymes for regulation of cAMP levels, the objective of this study was to investigate PDE4's ontogeny in developing rat lung during the perinatal period. Pulmonary PDE4 activity, PDE4A-D, PDE4B, and PDE4D variant expression levels, PDE4B and PDE4D protein levels, and PDE4D localization in distal lung were determined. PDE4 activity increased towards term, dropped at birth, and increased thereafter to reach a plateau at the end of the second week of life. PDE4B2 and PDE4D long forms demonstrated a pattern of expression that increased markedly at birth. After birth, PDE4D was expressed in alveolar epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The study, therefore, evidenced striking variations in expression patterns among the PDE4 family that differed from changes in global PDE4 activity.
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Choi CW. Lung interstitial cells during alveolarization. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2010; 53:979-84. [PMID: 21253310 PMCID: PMC3021730 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2010.53.12.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in neonatal medicine has enabled survival of many extremely low-birth-weight infants. Prenatal steroids, surfactants, and non-invasive ventilation have helped reduce the incidence of the classical form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia characterized by marked fibrosis and emphysema. However, a new form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia marked by arrest of alveolarization remains a complication in the postnatal course of extremely low-birth-weight infants. To better understand this challenging complication, detailed alveolarization mechanisms should be delineated. Proper alveolarization involves the temporal and spatial coordination of a number of cells, mediators, and genes. Cross-talk between the mesenchyme and the epithelium through soluble and diffusible factors are key processes of alveolarization. Lung interstitial cells derived from the mesenchyme play a crucial role in alveolarization. Peak alveolar formation coincides with intense lung interstitial cell proliferation. Myofibroblasts are essential for secondary septation, a critical process of alveolarization, and localize to the front lines of alveologenesis. The differentiation and migration of myofibroblasts are strictly controlled by various mediators and genes. Disruption of this finely controlled mechanism leads to abnormal alveolarization. Since arrest in alveolarization is a hallmark of a new form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, knowledge regarding the role of lung interstitial cells during alveolarization and their control mechanism will enable us to find more specific therapeutic strategies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this review, the role of lung interstitial cells during alveolarization and control mechanisms of their differentiation and migration will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yu S, Poe B, Schwarz M, Elliot SA, Albertine KH, Fenton S, Garg V, Moon AM. Fetal and postnatal lung defects reveal a novel and required role for Fgf8 in lung development. Dev Biol 2010; 347:92-108. [PMID: 20727874 PMCID: PMC5133699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor, FGF8, has been shown to be essential for vertebrate cardiovascular, craniofacial, brain and limb development. Here we report that Fgf8 function is required for normal progression through the late fetal stages of lung development that culminate in alveolar formation. Budding, lobation and branching morphogenesis are unaffected in early stage Fgf8 hypomorphic and conditional mutant lungs. Excess proliferation during fetal development disrupts distal airspace formation, mesenchymal and vascular remodeling, and Type I epithelial cell differentiation resulting in postnatal respiratory failure and death. Our findings reveal a previously unknown, critical role for Fgf8 function in fetal lung development and suggest that this factor may also contribute to postnatal alveologenesis. Given the high number of premature infants with alveolar dysgenesis and lung dysplasia, and the accumulating evidence that short-term benefits of available therapies may be outweighed by long-term detrimental effects on postnatal alveologenesis, the therapeutic implications of identifying a factor or pathway that can be targeted to stimulate normal alveolar development are profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Beisiegel M, Mollenkopf HJ, Hahnke K, Koch M, Dietrich I, Reece ST, Kaufmann SHE. Combination of host susceptibility and Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence define gene expression profile in the host. Eur J Immunol 2010; 39:3369-84. [PMID: 19795415 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progression and outcome of tuberculosis is governed by extensive crosstalk between pathogen and host. Analyses of global changes in gene expression during immune response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) can help identify molecular markers of disease state and progression. Global distribution of M.tb strains with different degrees of virulence and drug resistance, especially for the immunocompromised host, make closer analyses of host responses more pressing than ever. Here, we describe global transcriptional responses of inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient (iNOS(-/-)) and WT mice infected with two related M.tb strains of markedly different virulence, namely the M.tb laboratory strains H37Rv and H37Ra. Both hosts exhibited highly similar resistance to infection with H37Ra. In contrast, iNOS(-/-) mice rapidly succumbed to H37Rv, whereas WT mice developed chronic course of disease. By differential analyses, virulence-specific changes in global host gene expression were analyzed to identify molecular markers characteristic for chronic versus acute infection. We identified several markers unique for different stages of disease progression and not previously associated with virulence-specific host responses in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beisiegel
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Lee DD, Stojadinovic O, Krzyzanowska A, Vouthounis C, Blumenberg M, Tomic-Canic M. Retinoid-responsive transcriptional changes in epidermal keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2009; 220:427-439. [PMID: 19388012 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids (RA) have been used as therapeutic agents for numerous skin diseases, from psoriasis to acne and wrinkles. While RA is known to inhibit keratinocyte differentiation, the molecular effects of RA in epidermis have not been comprehensively defined. To identify the transcriptional targets of RA in primary human epidermal keratinocytes, we compared the transcriptional profiles of cells grown in the presence or absence of all-trans retinoic acid for 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h, using large DNA microarrays. As expected, RA suppresses the protein markers of cornification; however the genes responsible for biosynthesis of epidermal lipids, long-chain fatty acids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids, are also suppressed. Importantly, the pathways of RA synthesis, esterification and metabolism are activated by RA; therefore, RA regulates its own bioavailability. Unexpectedly, RA regulates many genes associated with the cell cycle and programmed cell death. This led us to reveal novel effects of RA on keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis. The response to RA is very fast: 315 genes were regulated already after 1 h. More than one-third of RA-regulated genes function in signal transduction and regulation of transcription. Using in silico analysis, we identified a set of over-represented transcription factor binding sites in the RA-regulated genes. Many psoriasis-related genes are regulated by RA, some induced, others suppressed. These results comprehensively document the transcriptional changes caused by RA in keratinocytes, add new insights into the molecular mechanism influenced by RA in the epidermis and demonstrate the hypothesis-generating power of DNA microarray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Dar Lee
- New York University School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology, Biochemistry and The Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Hospital for Special Surgery at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Tissue Repair Lab, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, New York, New York 10021
| | - Agata Krzyzanowska
- Hospital for Special Surgery at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Tissue Repair Lab, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, New York, New York 10021
| | - Constantinos Vouthounis
- Hospital for Special Surgery at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Tissue Repair Lab, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, New York, New York 10021
| | - Miroslav Blumenberg
- New York University School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology, Biochemistry and The Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Hospital for Special Surgery at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Tissue Repair Lab, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, New York, New York 10021.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of the Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
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Bourbon JR, Boucherat O, Boczkowski J, Crestani B, Delacourt C. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema: in search of common therapeutic targets. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:169-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Boucherat O, Guillou F, Aubin J, Jeannotte L. [Hoxa5: a master gene with multifaceted roles]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:77-82. [PMID: 19154698 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200925177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hox gene family occupies a central position in the control of body patterning by regulating the transcription of downstream effectors that, in turn, direct the morphogenetic events leading to the complex body forms along the axes. Analysis of Hox mutant mouse lines has revealed a panoply of phenotypes indicative of the broad range of Hox genes action throughout embryonic and postnatal life. Although Hox genes have been the subject of extensive research in the last two decades, the comprehension of the mechanisms involved in their regulation and function still remains elusive. Here, we present an overview of our current knowledge about one Hox gene family member, Hoxa5. The phenotypic survey of Hoxa5 mutant mice has unveiled the crucial role of this gene in regulating morphogenesis and specifying regional identity along the embryo. A majority of Hoxa5 mutant pups die at birth from defective respiratory tract. Surviving mutants present deficient alveolar septation revealing the importance of Hoxa5 during formation and maturation of the lung. Hoxa5 also participates in the morphogenesis of the digestive tract as well as that of the thyroid and mammary glands. Hoxa5 expression is restricted to the mesenchyme, and its action appears to be mediated through the control of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during organogenesis. The implication of Hoxa5 in tumorigenesis has also been documented. In breast cancer, Hoxa5 down-regulation may impact on p53 gene expression, contributing to the oncogenic process. In contrast, the loss of Hoxa5 function limits leukaemia associated with specific chromosomal translocations. Thus, inappropriate Hoxa5 gene expression may disrupt normal growth and differentiation programs causing neoplasia. Hox gene function is intimately linked to its correct expression. Regulation of Hoxa5 expression requires multiple cis-acting regions, some encompassing coding sequences from neighboring genes. Moreover, it is complicated by the presence of several transcription units. Together these data enlighten the importance of Hox cluster organization in Hoxa5 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, rue McMahon, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
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Königshoff M, Eickelberg O. WNT signaling in lung disease: a failure or a regeneration signal? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:21-31. [PMID: 19329555 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0485tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT family of signaling proteins is essential to organ development in general and lung morphogenesis in particular. Originally identified as a developmentally active signaling pathway, the WNT pathway has recently been linked to the pathogenesis of important lung diseases, in particular lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes our current understanding about WNT signaling in lung development and disease, and is structured into three chapters. The first chapter presents an introduction to WNT signaling, outlining WNT proteins, their receptors and signaling intermediates, as well as the regulation of this complex pathway. The second chapter focuses on the role of WNT signaling in the normal embryonic and adult lung, and highlights recent findings of altered WNT signaling in lung diseases, such as lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, or pulmonary arterial hypertension. In the last chapter, we will discuss novel data and ideas about the biological effects of WNT signaling on the cellular level, highlighting pleiotropic effects induced by WNT ligands on distinct cell types, and how these cellular effects may be relevant to the pathogenesis of the aforementioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Munich, Germany.
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Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in Rat Cortical Neurons Exposed to Hyperbaric Air and Oxygen. Neurochem Res 2008; 34:1047-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effects of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition on alveolarization and hyperoxia toxicity in newborn rats. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3445. [PMID: 18941502 PMCID: PMC2563688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged neonatal exposure to hyperoxia is associated with high mortality, leukocyte influx in airspaces, and impaired alveolarization. Inhibitors of type 4 phosphodiesterases are potent anti-inflammatory drugs now proposed for lung disorders. The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of the prototypal phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor rolipram on alveolar development and on hyperoxia-induced lung injury. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Rat pups were placed under hyperoxia (FiO2>95%) or room air from birth, and received rolipram or its diluent daily until sacrifice. Mortality rate, weight gain and parameters of lung morphometry were recorded on day 10. Differential cell count and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and cytokine mRNA levels in whole lung were recorded on day 6. Rolipram diminished weight gain either under air or hyperoxia. Hyperoxia induced huge mortality rate reaching 70% at day 10, which was prevented by rolipram. Leukocyte influx in bronchoalveolar lavage under hyperoxia was significantly diminished by rolipram. Hyperoxia increased transcript and protein levels of IL-6, MCP1, and osteopontin; rolipram inhibited the increase of these proteins. Alveolarization was impaired by hyperoxia and was not restored by rolipram. Under room air, rolipram-treated pups had significant decrease of Radial Alveolar Count. CONCLUSIONS Although inhibition of phosphodiesterases 4 prevented mortality and lung inflammation induced by hyperoxia, it had no effect on alveolarization impairment, which might be accounted for by the aggressiveness of the model. The less complex structure of immature lungs of rolipram-treated pups as compared with diluent-treated pups under room air may be explained by the profound effect of PDE4 inhibition on weight gain that interfered with normal alveolarization.
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Hadchouel A, Decobert F, Franco-Montoya ML, Halphen I, Jarreau PH, Boucherat O, Martin E, Benachi A, Amselem S, Bourbon J, Danan C, Delacourt C. Matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: identification of MMP16 as a new player in lung development. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3188. [PMID: 18784838 PMCID: PMC2527515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolarization requires coordinated extracellular matrix remodeling, a process in which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role. We postulated that polymorphisms in MMP genes might affect MMP function in preterm lungs and thus influence the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS AND FINDINGS Two hundred and eighty-four consecutive neonates with a gestational age of <28 weeks were included in this prospective study. Forty-five neonates developed BPD. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were sought in the MMP2, MMP14 and MMP16 genes. After adjustment for birth weight and ethnic origin, the TT genotype of MMP16 C/T (rs2664352) and the GG genotype of MMP16 A/G (rs2664349) were found to protect from BPD. These genotypes were also associated with a smaller active fraction of MMP2 and with a 3-fold-lower MMP16 protein level in tracheal aspirates collected within 3 days after birth. Further evaluation of MMP16 expression during the course of normal human and rat lung development showed relatively low expression during the canalicular and saccular stages and a clear increase in both mRNA and protein levels during the alveolar stage. In two newborn rat models of arrested alveolarization the lung MMP16 mRNA level was less than 50% of normal. CONCLUSIONS MMP16 may be involved in the development of lung alveoli. MMP16 polymorphisms appear to influence not only the pulmonary expression and function of MMP16 but also the risk of BPD in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hadchouel
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Decobert
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
- Réanimation Néonatale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Créteil, France
| | | | - Isabelle Halphen
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jarreau
- PremUp, Paris, France
- Service de médecine néonatale de Port-Royal, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandra Benachi
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
- Service d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | | | - Jacques Bourbon
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Claude Danan
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
- Réanimation Néonatale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Créteil, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- INSERM, Unité 841, IMRB, équipe 06, Créteil, France
- PremUp, Paris, France
- Université Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, IFR10, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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