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The Effects of Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption on Energy Compensation and Energy Expenditure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:77-98. [PMID: 36811596 PMCID: PMC10102987 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption is not associated with a higher body weight, and potential energy-regulating mechanisms may include a reduced subsequent energy intake and increased EE. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tree nut and peanut consumption on energy intake, compensation, and expenditure. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2, 2021. Human studies with adults aged ≥18 y older were included. Energy intake and compensation studies were restricted to acute effects (intervention duration of ≤24 h), whereas intervention duration was not limited for EE studies. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to explore weighted mean differences in REE. Twenty-eight articles from 27 studies (16 energy intake studies, 10 EE studies, and 1 study investigating both) with 1121 participants were included in this review, with a variety of nut types addressed (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pistachios, walnuts, and mixed nuts). Energy compensation occurred after nut-containing loads (range: -280.5% to +176.4%) and the degree of compensation varied depending on the form (whole and chopped) and how they were consumed (alone and within a meal). The meta-analyses identified a nonsignificant increase in REE associated with nut consumption (weighted mean difference: 28.6 kcal/d; 95% CI: -10.7, 67.8 kcal/d). This study provided support for energy compensation as a potential mechanism for a lack of association between nut consumption and body weight, whereas no evidence was found for EE as an energy-regulating mechanism of nuts. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021252292.
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Parilli-Moser I, Hurtado-Barroso S, Guasch-Ferré M, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Effect of Peanut Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:853378. [PMID: 35433776 PMCID: PMC9011914 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.853378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have reported the protective effect of nut consumption on cardiovascular risk, evidence for the role of peanuts in maintaining cardiometabolic health is inconclusive. Presented here are the results from the ARISTOTLE study, a parallel randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of regular peanut intake on anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements. The 63 healthy subjects that completed the study consumed their habitual diet plus either: a) 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), b) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of peanut butter (PB, n = 23) or c) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of a control butter based on peanut oil (CB, n = 19) for 6 months. In addition, a meta-analysis of clinical trials, including data from the ARISTOTLE study, was carried out to update the evidence for the effects of consuming peanuts, including high-oleic peanuts, and peanut butter on healthy subjects and those at high cardiometabolic risk. After a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to July 2021, 11 studies were found to meet the eligibility criteria. In the ARISTOTLE study, lower total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios were found in the SRP group compared to the CB group (p = 0.019 and p = 0.008). The meta-analysis of clinical trials revealed that peanut consumption is associated with a decrease in triglycerides (MD: −0.13; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.07; p < 0.0001) and that healthy consumers had lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios compared to the control groups (MD: −0.40; 95% CI, −0.71 to −0.09; p = 0.01 and MD: −0.19; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.01; p = 0.03, respectively). However, individuals at high cardiometabolic risk experienced an increase in body weight after the peanut interventions (MD: 0.97; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.41; p < 0.0001), although not in body fat or body mass index. According to the dose-response analyses, body weight increased slightly with higher doses of peanuts. In conclusion, a regular consumption of peanuts seems to modulate lipid metabolism, reducing triglyceride blood levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parilli-Moser
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
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Acute consumption of a shake containing cashew and Brazil nuts did not affect appetite in overweight subjects: a randomized, cross-over study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4321-4330. [PMID: 34037821 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies suggests that nut consumption provides satiety and may contribute to the management of obesity. However, the effect of acute intake of nuts on appetite responses remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of a shake containing 30 g of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and 15 g of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K) on appetite responses in overweight subjects. METHODS This was a clinical, randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over, pilot study. On two non-consecutive test days, 15 subjects received a shake containing nuts, and a shake absent of nuts matched for energy and macronutrient content. Subjective appetite sensation was evaluated by visual analogue scales (VAS). Food intake was measured by weighing the lunch served at the end of each morning-test, which subjects ate ad libitum. Total energy intake was estimated by food records. This study is registered on the Brazilian Registers of Clinical Trials-ReBEC (protocol: U1111-1203-9891). RESULTS We observed no significant difference in subjective appetite sensations between the groups. Food intake at lunch, as well as energy intake throughout the day also did not differ between the treatments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the acute intake of a shake containing nuts was not able to enhance satiety, compared to a shake matched for energy and macronutrient content. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the satiety mechanisms of nuts intake.
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Hou L, Rashid M, Chhabra M, Chandrasekhar B, Amirthalingam P, Ray S, Li Z. The effect of Bertholletia excelsa on body weight, cholestrol, and c-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 57:102636. [PMID: 33271300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE(S) Bertholletia excelsa is a rich herbal source of anti-oxidants and phenols. The goal of this study is to evaluation the effect of bertholletia excelsa nut on body weight, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of sciences databases by two reviewers up to October 2019. Random effect model used to combine results. RESULTS Six studies included in analysis with 71 participants. The population was public population. Pooled results showed Bertholletia excelsa have reduction effect on triglyceride weighted mean difference (WMD: -8.23 mg/dl, 95 % CI -15.09, -1.38, I² = 0%), Cholesterol (WMD: -14.31 mg/dl, 95 % CI -23.38, -5.24, I² = 47 %), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -9.27 mg/dl, 95 % CI -13.48, -5.06, I² = 0%). CONCLUSION This study provided an evidence that Bertholletia excelsa nuts have reduction effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Muhammed Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagar, 571448, Karnataka, India
| | - Manik Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Boya Chandrasekhar
- Creative Educational Society's College of Pharmacy, Andra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sujoy Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Zhenzuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth people's Hospital of Jinan City, No.50 Normal Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China.
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Fantino M, Bichard C, Mistretta F, Bellisle F. Daily consumption of pistachios over 12 weeks improves dietary profile without increasing body weight in healthy women: A randomized controlled intervention. Appetite 2019; 144:104483. [PMID: 31604062 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines around the world recommend the regular intake of nuts because of their nutrient contribution to the diet and reported health benefits. However, consumers are often reluctant to include nuts in their diet due to the high caloric density of nuts. In a 12-week randomized, controlled intervention, we investigated how adding a pistachio portion to the daily diet affects body weight and composition, satiety, energy and nutrient intake. Sixty healthy pre-menopausal women who did not typically consume nuts were randomly assigned to a control or an experimental groups. Experimental participants (n = 30) consumed 44 g (250 kcal) pistachios mid-morning while controls (n = 30) maintained their current eating habits for 12 weeks. Ad libitum food intake and appetite sensations following the pistachio portion were assessed in all participants before and after the intervention in four 2-consecutive-day test sessions (under laboratory and then free-living conditions). Body weight and composition (DXA) were unchanged in both groups after 12 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention tests showed that ad libitum intake adjusted to the pistachio portion, mostly via reduced intakes of carbohydrates and starch, in parallel with decreased hunger and increased satiety following the morning snack. Intakes of MUFA, PUFA, linoleic acid, thiamin, pyridoxine, copper, manganese, and zinc were significantly higher among women consuming the pistachio snack, in spite of compensatory adjustments in intake. In conclusion, daily intake of 44 g pistachios improved nutrient intake without affecting body weight or composition in healthy women. The additional calories provided by the pistachios induced satiety and sufficient adjustment of intake to prevent body weight changes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: NCT03526120https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03526120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fantino
- CreaBio-Rhône-Alpes Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Montgelas, 9, Avenue Professeur Fleming, F-69700, Givors, France.
| | - Cécile Bichard
- Nutroptimal, 1 Les Troques (Bâtiment LW1), F-69630, Chaponost, France.
| | | | - France Bellisle
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique Paris Cité, INSERM U1153, INRA U1125, Cnam, Université Paris 13, 93017, Bobigny, France.
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Barbour JA, Stojanovski E, Moran LJ, Howe PRC, Coates AM. The addition of peanuts to habitual diets is associated with lower consumption of savory non-core snacks by men and sweet non-core snacks by women. Nutr Res 2017; 41:65-72. [PMID: 28506518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Snacking is associated with intakes of non-core foods which may predispose to obesity. Peanuts have potential satiety benefits and may assist with weight management; we hypothesized that peanut consumption would reduce intake of non-core snack foods due to compensation. We investigated the effects of adding peanuts to a habitual diet on snacking habits and energy intake. Sixty-one healthy participants (65±7years, body mass index 31±4kg/m2) consumed their habitual diet with or without peanuts (56g/d for 32 women, 84g/d for 29 men) for 12weeks each in a randomized crossover design. Food diaries were analyzed at baseline and after each 12-week period for meal and snack content and timing. Total energy intake was higher (17% for men [P<.001], 9% for women [P<.001]) during the peanut phase. Body weight was 0.5±0.2kg (P=.010) greater during the peanut phase. Snacking occasions increased during the peanut phase (53% for men [P=.001], 14% for women [P=.01]). Servings of other snack foods did not change during the peanut phase (P=.6) compared with control. However, sex-specific analysis revealed that men and women consumed less savory (P<.001) and sweet (P=.01) non-core snacks, respectively, during the peanut phase. Despite increased energy intake and snacking frequency, peanuts may improve the diet through sex-specific reductions of non-core foods; for optimal energy balance, peanuts should be substituted rather than added to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne A Barbour
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Emilija Stojanovski
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Lisa J Moran
- The Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, 55 King William St, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
| | - Peter R C Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Liu X, Hill AM, West SG, Gabauer RM, McCrea CE, Fleming JA, Kris-Etherton PM. Acute Peanut Consumption Alters Postprandial Lipids and Vascular Responses in Healthy Overweight or Obese Men. J Nutr 2017; 147:835-840. [PMID: 28356431 PMCID: PMC5404215 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.246785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postprandial hyperlipidemia is associated with impaired endothelial function. Peanut consumption favorably affects the lipid and lipoprotein profile; however, the effects on endothelial function remain unclear.Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of acute peanut consumption as part of a high-fat meal on postprandial endothelial function.Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover postprandial study to evaluate the effect of acute peanut consumption on postprandial lipids and endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in 15 healthy overweight or obese men [mean age: 26.7 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m2): 31.4]. Participants consumed, in a randomized order, a peanut meal containing 3 ounces (85 g) ground peanuts (1198 kcal; 40.0% carbohydrate, 47.7% fat, 19.4% saturated fat, 13.2% protein) and a control meal matched for energy and macronutrient content. Meals were in the form of a shake, scheduled ≥1 wk apart. Lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin were measured at baseline (0 min) and at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after shake consumption. FMD was measured at baseline and at 240 min.Results: Acute peanut consumption blunted the serum triglyceride (TG) response 120 and 240 min after consumption compared with the control meal (means ± SEMs-120 min: 188.9 ± 19.4 compared with 197.5 ± 20.7 mg/dL; 240 min: 189.9 ± 24.3 compared with 197.3 ± 18.4 mg/dL; P < 0.05 for both). Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and glucose and insulin responses were similar between the test meals. Compared with baseline, only the control meal significantly decreased FMD at 240 min (control: -1.2% ± 0.5%; P = 0.029; peanut: -0.6% ± 0.5%; P = 0.3). Participants with higher baseline total (>150 mg/dL) and LDL (>100 mg/dL)-cholesterol concentrations showed a significant decrease in FMD after the control meal (-1.8%, P = 0.017; -2.0%, P = 0.038), whereas the peanut meal maintained endothelial function in all participants irrespective of total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations.Conclusion: The inclusion of 85 g peanuts (3 ounces) as part of a high-fat meal improved the postprandial TG response and preserved endothelial function in healthy overweight or obese men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01405300.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison M Hill
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sheila G West
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Cindy E McCrea
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and.,Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA; and
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Serquiz AC, Machado RJA, Serquiz RP, Lima VCO, de Carvalho FMC, Carneiro MAA, Maciel BLL, Uchôa AF, Santos EA, Morais AHA. Supplementation with a new trypsin inhibitor from peanut is associated with reduced fasting glucose, weight control, and increased plasma CCK secretion in an animal model. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1261-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C. Serquiz
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Richele J. A. Machado
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Raphael P. Serquiz
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Vanessa C. O. Lima
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Fabiana Maria C. de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcella A. A. Carneiro
- Course of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Culture Extension of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Bruna L. L. Maciel
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil, and
| | - Adriana F. Uchôa
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Elizeu A. Santos
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Ana H. A. Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil, and
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Barbour JA, Howe PRC, Buckley JD, Wright GC, Bryan J, Coates AM. Lower energy intake following consumption of Hi-oleic and regular peanuts compared with iso-energetic consumption of potato crisps. Appetite 2014; 82:124-30. [PMID: 25042089 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Snack foods can contribute a high proportion of energy intake to the diet. Peanuts are a snack food rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein and fibre which have demonstrated satiety effects and may reduce total energy intake, despite their high energy density. This study examined the effects of consuming Hi-oleic (oleic acid ~75% of total fatty acids) peanuts and regular peanuts (oleic acid ~50% and higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids) compared with a high carbohydrate snack (potato crisps) on satiety and subsequent energy intake. Using a triple crossover study design, 24 participants (61 ± 1 years) consumed iso-energetic amounts (56-84 g) of Hi-oleic or regular peanuts or (60-90 g) potato crisps after an overnight fast. Hunger and satiety were assessed at baseline, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes following snack consumption using visual analogue scales, after which a cold buffet meal was freely consumed and energy intake measured. The same snack was consumed on 3 subsequent days with energy intake assessed from dietary records. This protocol was repeated weekly with each snack food. Total energy intake was lower following consumption of Hi-oleic and regular peanuts compared with crisps, both acutely during the buffet meal (-21%; p<.001 and -17%; p< .01) and over the 4 days (-11%; p< .001 and -9%; p< .01). Despite these reductions in energy intake, no differences in perceived satiety were observed. The findings suggest peanuts may be a preferred snack food to include in the diet for maintaining a healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne A Barbour
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Peter R C Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Graeme C Wright
- Peanut Company of Australia, 133 Haly St, Kingaroy, Qld. 4610, Australia
| | - Janet Bryan
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Tan SY, Dhillon J, Mattes RD. A review of the effects of nuts on appetite, food intake, metabolism, and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100 Suppl 1:412S-22S. [PMID: 24920033 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts are good sources of many nutrients and antioxidants, but they are also energy dense. The latter often limits intake because of concerns about their possible contribution to positive energy balance. However, evidence to date suggests that nuts are not associated with predicted weight gain. This is largely due to their high satiety value, leading to strong compensatory dietary responses, inefficiency in absorption of the energy they contain, a possible increment in resting energy expenditure, and an augmentation of fat oxidation. Preliminary evidence suggests that these properties are especially evident when they are consumed as snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yen Tan
- From the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jaapna Dhillon
- From the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Richard D Mattes
- From the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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