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An H, Heo JS, Kim P, Lian Z, Lee S, Park J, Hong E, Pang K, Park Y, Ooshima A, Lee J, Son M, Park H, Wu Z, Park KS, Kim SJ, Bae I, Yang KM. Tetraarsenic hexoxide enhances generation of mitochondrial ROS to promote pyroptosis by inducing the activation of caspase-3/GSDME in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:159. [PMID: 33558527 PMCID: PMC7870965 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although tetraarsenic hexoxide is known to exert an anti-tumor effect by inducing apoptosis in various cancer cells, its effect on other forms of regulated cell death remains unclear. Here, we show that tetraarsenic hexoxide induces the pyroptotic cell death through activation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) pathway, thereby suppressing tumor growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Interestingly, tetraarsenic hexoxide-treated TNBC cells exhibited specific pyroptotic characteristics, including cell swelling, balloon-like bubbling, and LDH releases through pore formation in the plasma membrane, eventually suppressing tumor formation and lung metastasis of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, tetraarsenic hexoxide markedly enhanced the production of mitochondrial ROS by inhibiting phosphorylation of mitochondrial STAT3, subsequently inducing caspase-3-dependent cleavage of GSDME, which consequently promoted pyroptotic cell death in TNBC cells. Collectively, our findings highlight tetraarsenic hexoxide-induced pyroptosis as a new therapeutic strategy that may inhibit cancer progression of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein An
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun Heo
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyunggang Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zenglin Lian
- Beijing Yichuang Biotechnology Industry Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwha Pang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Akira Ooshima
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaoyan Wu
- Chemas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Medpacto Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Illju Bae
- Chemas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Yang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
- Medpacto Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sychta K, Słomka A, Kuta E. Insights into Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heavy Metals-Discovering a Terra Incognita. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010065. [PMID: 33406697 PMCID: PMC7823951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that plays a fundamental role in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Knowledge of plant PCD mechanisms is still very scarce and is incomparable to the large number of studies on PCD mechanisms in animals. Quick and accurate assays, e.g., the TUNEL assay, comet assay, and analysis of caspase-like enzyme activity, enable the differentiation of PCD from necrosis. Two main types of plant PCD, developmental (dPCD) regulated by internal factors, and environmental (ePCD) induced by external stimuli, are distinguished based on the differences in the expression of the conserved PCD-inducing genes. Abiotic stress factors, including heavy metals, induce necrosis or ePCD. Heavy metals induce PCD by triggering oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. ROS that are mainly produced by mitochondria modulate phytotoxicity mechanisms induced by heavy metals. Complex crosstalk between ROS, hormones (ethylene), nitric oxide (NO), and calcium ions evokes PCD, with proteases with caspase-like activity executing PCD in plant cells exposed to heavy metals. This pathway leads to very similar cytological hallmarks of heavy metal induced PCD to PCD induced by other abiotic factors. The forms, hallmarks, mechanisms, and genetic regulation of plant ePCD induced by abiotic stress are reviewed here in detail, with an emphasis on plant cell culture as a suitable model for PCD studies. The similarities and differences between plant and animal PCD are also discussed.
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Inhibition of STAT3/VEGF/CDK2 axis signaling is critically involved in the antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects of arsenic herbal mixture PROS in non-small lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101771-101783. [PMID: 29254203 PMCID: PMC5731913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the antitumor effects of asrsenic trioxide (As2O3), tetraarsenic hexoxide (As4O6 or PR) and tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (As4S4) in several cancers, their adverse poisoning, toxicity and resistance are still hot issues for effective cancer therapy. Here, antitumor mechanism of arsenic herbal mixture PROS including PR and OS (Oldenlandia diffusa and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract) was elucidated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs), since PR alone showed resistant cytotoxicity in NSCLCs compared to other cancers. PROS exerted significant cytotoxicity, induced sub-G1 phase and S phase arrest, increased apoptotic bodies, and attenuated the expression of pro-PARP, Bcl-2, Cyclin E, Cyclin A, CDK2, E2F1, p-Src, p-STAT3, p-ERK, p-AKT, COX-2 and SOCS-1 in A549 and H460 cells along with disrupted binding of STAT3 with CDK2 or VEGF. Notably, PROS inhibited VEGF induced proliferation, migration and tube formation in HUVECs and suppressed angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay via reduced phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Src and STAT3. Consistently, PROS reduced the growth of H460 cells implanted in BALB/c athymic nude mice via inhibition of STAT3, and VEGF and activation of caspase 3. Overall, these findings suggest that PROS exerts antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects via inhibition of STAT3/ VEGF/ CDK2 axis signaling as a potent anticancer agent for lung cancer treatment.
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Nagappan A, Lee WS, Yun JW, Lu JN, Chang SH, Jeong JH, Kim GS, Jung JM, Hong SC. Tetraarsenic hexoxide induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via PI3K/Akt suppression and p38 MAPK activation in SW620 human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174591. [PMID: 28355296 PMCID: PMC5371332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraarsenic hexoxide (As4O6) has been used in Korean folk medicines for the treatment of cancer, however its anti-cancer mechanisms remain obscured. Here, this study investigated the anti-cancer effect of As4O6 on SW620 human colon cancer cells. As4O6 has showed a dose-dependent inhibition of SW620 cells proliferation. As4O6 significantly increased the sub-G1 and G2/M phase population, and Annexin V-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. G2/M arrest was concomitant with augment of p21 and reduction in cyclin B1, cell division cycle 2 (cdc 2) expressions. Nuclear condensation, cleaved nuclei and poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation were also observed in As4O6-treated SW620 cells. As4O6 induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) but not reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further, As4O6 increased death receptor 5 (DR5), not DR4 and suppressed the B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl-2) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) family proteins. As4O6 increased the formation of AVOs (lysosomes and autophagolysosomes) and promoted the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Interestingly, a specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor (LY294002) augmented the As4O6 induced cell death; whereas p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580) abrogated the cell death. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence that As4O6 induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagic cell death through PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways alteration in SW620 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Jeong Won Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Jing Nan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Chang
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong Jinju, Korea
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Oyaksungisan, a Traditional Herbal Formula, Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Induction of Autophagy via JNK Activation in Human Colon Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:231874. [PMID: 23573119 PMCID: PMC3612449 DOI: 10.1155/2013/231874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oyaksungisan (OY) is a traditional herbal formula broadly used to treat beriberi, vomiting, diarrhea, and circulatory disturbance in Asian countries from ancient times. The effect of OY on cancer, however, was not reported until now. In this study, we have demonstrated that OY inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death via modulating the autophagy on human colon cancer cells. In HCT116 cells, OY increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, a marker of autophagy, and treatment with 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, and considerably reduced the formation of autophagosomes. In addition, OY regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades; especially, JNK activation was closely related with autophagy effect by OY in HCT116 cells. Our results indicate that autophagy induction is responsible for the antiproliferative effect by OY, despite the weak apoptosis induction in HCT116 cells. In conclusion, OY might have a potential to be developed as an herbal anticancer remedy.
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Heavy metals and metalloids as autophagy inducing agents: focus on cadmium and arsenic. Cells 2012; 1:597-616. [PMID: 24710492 PMCID: PMC3901116 DOI: 10.3390/cells1030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on the autophagic process has greatly increased, invading the fields of biology and medicine. Several markers of the autophagic process have been discovered and various strategies have been reported studying this molecular process in different biological systems in both physiological and stress conditions. Furthermore, mechanisms of metalloid- or heavy metal-induced toxicity continue to be of interest given the ubiquitous nature and distribution of these contaminants in the environment where they often play the role of pollutants of numerous organisms. The aim of this review is a critical analysis and correlation of knowledge of autophagic mechanisms studied under stress for the most common arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) compounds. In this review we report data obtained in different experimental models for each compound, highlighting similarities and/or differences in the activation of autophagic processes. A more detailed discussion will concern the activation of autophagy in Cd-exposed sea urchin embryo since it is a suitable model system that is very sensitive to environmental stress, and Cd is one of the most studied heavy metal inductors of stress and modulator of different factors such as: protein kinase and phosphatase, caspases, mitochondria, heat shock proteins, metallothioneins, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and autophagy.
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