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Boonhat H, Lin RT, Lin JT. Association between residential exposure to petrochemical industrial complexes and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:116-127. [PMID: 34930088 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2007226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased in the global demand-expansion of the petrochemical industry is a possible environmental risk factor pancreatic cancer among residents living close to petrochemical complexes. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled risk of pancreatic cancer among residents living near petrochemical industrial complexes. We systematically searched and reviewed published studies in six databases based on the inclusion criteria derived from the population, exposure, comparator, and outcomes framework (population: general population; exposure: residence near petrochemical industrial complexes/living in cities with petrochemical industrial complexes; comparators: residents living farther away from petrochemical industrial complexes/living in cities without petrochemical industrial complexes; outcome: pancreatic cancer). We identified seven studies, covering 1,605,568 residents. Pooled analysis showed a significantly higher risk of pancreatic cancer among residents living near petrochemical industrial complexes (relative risk [RR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-1.42) than those living farther away from petrochemical industrial complexes. Such effect was higher in female residents (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18-1.53) than in male residents (RR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12-1.41). This study suggests that exposure to petrochemical industry-related activities should be recognized as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer among residents living near petrochemical industrial complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichon Boonhat
- Graduate Institute of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ro-Ting Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung Taiwan
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Hao Y, Wu W, Fraser WD, Huang H. Association between residential proximity to municipal solid waste incinerator sites and birth outcomes in Shanghai: a retrospective cohort study of births during 2014-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2460-2470. [PMID: 34496690 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1970116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis of whether maternal residential proximity to municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) sites could significantly affect birth outcomes. This retrospective birth cohort study conducted at the International Peace Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai, China, included 59,606 mothers with singleton live births during 2014-2018. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to examine associations between residential proximity to MSWI sites and birth outcomes. Small for gestational age (SGA) was significantly more common among children with maternal residential proximity to MSWI sites (odds ratio [OR]=1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.34). Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) influenced this association. Infants of underweight mothers (prepregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2) with MSWI exposure (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.58-2.52) had higher risks of SGA than their counterparts. Our findings underscore the need to prevent adverse environmental effects of MSWI on birth outcomes; improved exposure assessment measures are warranted in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - William D Fraser
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Bustaffa E, Curzio O, Donzelli G, Gorini F, Linzalone N, Redini M, Bianchi F, Minichilli F. Risk Associations between Vehicular Traffic Noise Exposure and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Residential Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610034. [PMID: 36011669 PMCID: PMC9408081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental noise can induce detrimental health effects such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between vehicular traffic noise pollution and CVD was investigated through a retrospective residential cohort study in the city of Pisa. Four exposure classes were defined for noise pollution, using noise propagation maps. The association between noise exposures and cause-specific mortality or hospitalization of the subjects of the cohort was calculated using the hazard ratio (HR) for night and day through a multiple time-dependent and sex-specific Cox regression adjusting for age, the socio-economic deprivation index, and traffic air pollution. Mortality excess for CVD and risk trends for a 1 decibel noise increment were observed among the most exposed women (mortality: HRnightclass4 1.15 (1.03-1.28); Trendnight 1.007 (1.002-1.012); HRdayclass4 1.14 (1.02-1.27); Trendday 1.008 (1.003-1.013)), particularly for ischaemic disease (mortality: Trendnight 1.008 (0.999-1.017); Trendday 1.009 (0.999-1.018)) and cerebrovascular disease (mortality: HRnightclass3 1.23 (1.02-1.48), HRdayclass3 1.24 (1.03-1.49)). Hospitalization analyses confirm mortality results. A decreased risk for hospitalization was also observed among the most exposed men (HRdayclass4 0.94 (0.88-1.01), particularly for ischaemic disease (HRnightclass4 0.90 (0.80-1.02); HRdayclass4 0.86 (0.77-0.97)) and cerebrovascular disease (HRnightclass4 0.89 (0.78-1.01)). Authors recommend the adoption of prevention measures aimed at mitigating noise and the activation of a monitoring of the risk profile in the Pisa population updating both the residential cohort and health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bustaffa
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Olivia Curzio
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Donzelli
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Biocomplexity Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Linzalone
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Biocomplexity Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Redini
- Municipality of Pisa, Via degli Uffizi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Minichilli
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Air Quality Impact Assessment of a Waste-to-Energy Plant: Modelling Results vs. Monitored Data. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the emissions from a municipal Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plant in Northern Italy on local air quality was assessed using the CALMET-CALPUFF atmospheric dispersion modelling system. Model simulations were based on hourly emission rates measured by continuous stack monitoring systems and considered both air quality-regulated pollutants (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, toxic elements, benzo(a)pyrene), and other trace pollutants typical of WtE plants (dioxins, furans, and mercury). The model results were compared to both long-term observations from the air quality monitoring network and with short-term measurements from dedicated monitoring campaigns in the vicinity of the WtE plant, in both warm and cold season conditions. Modelling and observational results showed that the estimated plant contributions are very limited. This suggests that the observed concentration levels were the result of the contribution of all the sources distributed over the area and that they were not solely driven by the activity of the plant. Estimated contributions from the plant’s emissions were usually at least two orders of magnitudes lower than the ambient levels at the nearest monitoring site and even lower at the farthest sites.
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Retrospective Modeling of NO2 and PM10 Concentrations over the Lyon Metropolitan Area (France), 1990–2010—Performance Evaluation, Exposure Assessment and Correlation between Pollutants. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous cancers develop years after subjects have been exposed to chemical compounds. Thus, environmental epidemiological studies need to accurately reconstruct exposures over long periods. To estimate exposure to NO2 and PM10 concentrations, we modelled ground-level air concentrations, at very fine temporal (1 h) and spatial (10 m) resolutions, over a large European metropolitan area and at subject’s address of a French national cohort, for five different years (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010). Model performances were assessed by comparing the annual modelled concentration against monitoring station measurements. As input data, we used background concentrations from a large-scale dispersion model. The relevance of our approach was assessed by comparing results in 2010, with a modelling using monitoring values as background data. The comparison with measurement data showed good performance of the model for the majority of the period, with a performance declined in 1990. Concentrations at the subject’s residence decreased by 45% for PM10 and 38% for NO2. The proportion of subjects exposed above the WHO recommendations declined from 100% to 50% for PM10 and from 79% to 16% for NO2. The results of this study would provide a reference for future models to assess chronic exposures to PM10 and NO2 on a larger scale.
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Bae HJ, Kang JE, Lim YR. Assessment of Relative Asthma Risk in Populations Living Near Incineration Facilities in Seoul, Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207448. [PMID: 33066152 PMCID: PMC7601977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While incineration is among the most commonly used technologies for waste disposal, there is ongoing public concern regarding the adverse health impact. The aim of this study is thus to use health statistics to assess the relative risk of asthma-related hospitalization for those living in close proximity to incineration facilities. We also examine differences in asthma risk related to age demographics. The spatial relationship between incineration facilities and asthma-related hospital admissions in Seoul is analyzed for the period of 2009–2011 using the Rapid Inquiry Facility (RIF) and SaTScan software. The relative risk of asthma-related hospitalization decreased with increasing distance from incinerators, but increased among those living within a 2-km radius. The relative risks of asthma-related hospitalization were 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.17), 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08–1.17), and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10–1.27) for all ages, those aged below 15 years, and those aged 65 years and older, respectively. This study is the first to observe an increased risk of asthma-related hospitalization in relation to a person’s distance from an incinerator in Seoul, Korea. It is clear that asthma should be considered an adverse health outcome during health impact assessments of incineration plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Bae
- Climate, Air Quality and Safety Research Group, Korea Environment Institute, Bldg B, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejongsi 30147, Korea;
| | - Jung Eun Kang
- Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro63, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2451
| | - Yu-Ra Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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Domingo JL, Marquès M, Mari M, Schuhmacher M. Adverse health effects for populations living near waste incinerators with special attention to hazardous waste incinerators. A review of the scientific literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109631. [PMID: 32460091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Incinerators of municipal, hazardous and medical wastes are sources of emissions of toxic pollutants, being polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, as well as a number of heavy metals of special concern. Moreover, waste incineration also generates ashes that must be properly disposed. In all countries, waste management is currently being an issue of tremendous importance. While the treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a problem in the entire world, in industrialized countries, the management of hazardous waste (HW) is an additional issue of important concern. While the available scientific information on the environmental impact and the health risks of MSWIs is quite considerable, that related with the potential adverse health effects for the populations living near HWIs is much more reduced. In this paper, we have reviewed the information on health effects-including the incidence of cancer and cancer mortality-for the people residing in the vicinity of HWIs. For a better understanding of the problem, some studies on cancer and other adverse health effects near MSWIs have been also reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the HWI of Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) on which the most complete information among all HWIs in the entire world is available. In our conclusions, a series of important issues/questions are raised: is really safe the limit value of 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3 for PCDD/Fs to protect human health? Where are the evidences on this? On the other hand, to date, risk assessment studies have been only focused on certain substances; heavy metals and PCDD/Fs. Studies have not included those chemicals that are not routinely analyzed, being even some of them probably unknown right now. Moreover, what about potential interactions among chemicals in order to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for the population living near incinerators? Complete epidemiological studies are clearly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, San Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, San Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Deep Inorganic Fraction Characterization of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in an Industrial Area Located in Central Italy by Means of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution is an important task in life sciences and, in particular, inorganic fraction characterization is considered as an important issue in this field. For many years, researchers have focused their attention on the particulate matter fraction below 10 μm: in this case, our attention was also focused on PM2.5 (i.e., particles with a size fraction smaller than 2.5 μm) and PM1 (below 1 μm). This paper would like to investigate whether the element accumulation in different granulometric fractions is similar, or whether there are behavior dissimilarities. Among the different analytical techniques, the instrumental neutron activation analysis, an instrumental nuclear method, was used for its peculiarity of investigating the sample without performing any chemical-physical treatment. Forty-two daily samples using the reference method were collected, 15 filters for PM10, 18 for PM2.5, and 12 for PM1; the filters, along with primary standards and appropriate standard reference materials, were irradiated at the National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) R.C.-Casaccia’s Triga MARK II reactor. The irradiations carried out in the Rabbit and Lazy Susan channels allowed for the investigation of 36 elements and the relative Pearson’s correlations between elements and PM-fractions (PM10 vs. PM2.5 was good, whereas PM10 vs. PM1 was the worst). The Enrichment Factors were studied for the three fractions to show how anthropogenic sources have affected the element content. A comparison between these data and element levels determined worldwide showed that our concentrations were lower than those determined in similar scenarios. Furthermore, a statistical approach (source discrimination, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis) has allowed us to identify similarities between the samples: the airborne filters can be divided in two main groups (i.e., one made of PM10 and PM2.5 filters and one only of PM1 filters), meaning a different element contribution to this fraction coming from other sources present at the site.
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Parkes B, Hansell AL, Ghosh RE, Douglas P, Fecht D, Wellesley D, Kurinczuk JJ, Rankin J, de Hoogh K, Fuller GW, Elliott P, Toledano MB. Risk of congenital anomalies near municipal waste incinerators in England and Scotland: Retrospective population-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:104845. [PMID: 31230843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated congenital anomalies in relation to municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) and results are inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To conduct a national investigation into the risk of congenital anomalies in babies born to mothers living within 10 km of an MWI associated with: i) modelled concentrations of PM10 as a proxy for MWI emissions more generally and; ii) proximity of residential postcode to nearest MWI, in areas in England and Scotland that are covered by a congenital anomaly register. METHODS Retrospective population-based cohort study within 10 km of 10 MWIs in England and Scotland operating between 2003 and 2010. Exposure was proximity to MWI and log of daily mean modelled ground-level particulate matter ≤10 μm diameter (PM10) concentrations. RESULTS Analysis included 219,486 births, stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly of which 5154 were cases of congenital anomalies. Fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) per doubling in PM10 was: 1·00 (95% CI 0·98-1·02) for all congenital anomalies; 0·99 (0·97-1·01) for all congenital anomalies excluding chromosomal anomalies. For every 1 km closer to an MWI adjusted OR was: 1·02 (1·00-1·04) for all congenital anomalies combined; 1·02 (1·00-1·04) for all congenital anomalies excluding chromosomal anomalies; and, for specific anomaly groups, 1·04 (1·01-1·08) for congenital heart defect sand 1·07 (1·02-1·12) for genital anomalies. DISCUSSION We found no increased risk of congenital anomalies in relation to modelled PM10 emissions, but there were small excess risks associated with congenital heart defects and genital anomalies in proximity to MWIs. These latter findings may well reflect incomplete control for confounding, but a possible causal effect cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Parkes
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Anna L Hansell
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; Directorate of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ghosh
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Philippa Douglas
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK; Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Daniela Fecht
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Diana Wellesley
- University Hospital Southampton, Faculty of Medicine and Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Southampton, UK
| | - Jennifer J Kurinczuk
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Judith Rankin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gary W Fuller
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Population Health and Environment Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; Directorate of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
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Minichilli F, Gorini F, Bustaffa E, Cori L, Bianchi F. Mortality and hospitalization associated to emissions of a coal power plant: A population-based cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133757. [PMID: 31756804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coal-fired thermal power plants represent a significant source of air pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide (SO2) that has been associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity for respiratory and cardiovascular disease. A coal power plant in Vado Ligure (Italy) (CPPVL) started in 1970 was stopped in 2014 by the Prosecutor's Office on the grounds of environmental and health culpable disaster. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the exposure of residents to atmospheric pollutants emitted by CPPVL and the risk of mortality and hospitalization, considering both cancer and non-cancer causes in a population-based cohort study. METHODS SO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx), estimated using the ABLE-MOLOCH-ADMS-Urban dispersion model, were selected as representative surrogates of exposure to CPPVL emissions (SO2-CPPVL) and cumulative emissions from other sources of pollution (NOx-MS), respectively. The relationship between each health outcome and categories of exposure to SO2-CPPVL was estimated by the Hazard Ratio (HR) using multiple sex-specific Cox regression models, adjusted for age, exposure to NOx-MS, and socio-economic deprivation index using SO2-CPPVL first quartile as a reference. RESULTS 144,019 individuals were recruited (follow-up 2001-2013). An excess of mortality was found for all natural causes (men: 1.49; 95% CI 1.38-1.60; women: 1.49; 95% CI 1.39-1.59), diseases of the circulatory system (men: 1.41; 95% CI 1.24-1.56; women: 1.59; 95% CI 1.44-1.77), of the respiratory system (men: 1.90; 95% CI 1.47-2.45; women: 1.62; 95% CI 1.25-2.09), and of the nervous system and sense organs (men: 1.34; 95% CI 0.97-1.86; women: 1.38; 95% CI 1.03-1.83), and in men for trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers (1.59; 95% CI 1.26-2.00). Results of hospitalization analysis were consistent with those of mortality. CONCLUSION Results obtained, also when considering multiple sources of exposure, indicate that exposure to CPP emissions represents a risk factor for selected health outcomes as well as the urgently adoption of primary prevention measures and of a specific surveillance programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Minichilli
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elisa Bustaffa
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Liliana Cori
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
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Loftus C, Afsharinejad Z, Sampson P, Vedal S, Torres E, Arias G, Tchong-French M, Karr C. Estimated time-varying exposures to air emissions from animal feeding operations and childhood asthma. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 223:187-198. [PMID: 31543304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Industrial-scale animal feeding operations (AFOs) have adverse impacts on regional air quality. Air emissions include endotoxins and other pro-inflammatory components, and exposure may cause airway inflammation and respiratory effects in susceptible individuals residing nearby. We aimed to develop and validate metrics for estimating time-varying exposure to AFO air pollution in surrounding communities and, secondly, to determine whether exposure is associated with health effects in children with asthma. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal panel study of N = 58 children with asthma in an agricultural region of Washington State with a high density of dairy AFOs. Children were followed for up to 26 months with repeated measures of respiratory health (N = 2023 interviews; N = 3853 lung function measurements); urine was collected in a subcohort (N = 16) at six-day intervals over three months and analyzed for leukotriene E4 (LTE4), a biomarker of systemic inflammation (N = 138 measurements). We developed an approach to estimate daily exposure to AFO airborne emissions based on distance to AFOs, AFO size, and daily wind speed and direction, and validated the estimates against direct measurements of ammonia, a chemical marker of AFO emissions, measured biweekly at 18 sites across the region for 14 months. Short-term relationships between AFO pollutant exposure and outcomes were assessed using regression models accounting for within-participant correlation and several potential confounders. RESULTS Estimates of daily AFO air pollution correlated moderately well with outdoor ammonia measurements (N = 842; r = 0.62). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) as percent of predicted was 2.0% (95% CI: 0.5, 3.5) lower with each interquartile increase in previous day exposure, but no associations with asthma symptoms were observed. There was suggestive evidence that LTE4 concentrations were higher following days of elevated exposure to AFO emissions (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS A simple metric of time-varying exposure to AFO emissions was correlated with daily outdoor ammonia levels. Children with asthma may be adversely affected by exposure to AFO emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
| | - Zahra Afsharinejad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Paul Sampson
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Box 354322, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Northwest Communities Education Center, Radio KDNA, 121 Sunnyside Ave, Granger, WA, 98932, United States
| | - Griselda Arias
- Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic, Yakima, WA, United States
| | - Maria Tchong-French
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Catherine Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Box 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
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Mortality and Morbidity in a Population Exposed to Emission from a Municipal Waste Incinerator. A Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162863. [PMID: 31405116 PMCID: PMC6720705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, we evaluated the health effects of exposure to the municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Pisa, Italy, through a population-based cohort design. The individual exposure pattern in the area was estimated through CALPUFF dispersion models of NOχ (developed by Atmospheric Studies Group Earth Tech, Lowell, Massachusetts), used as pollution proxies of the MWI and the relevant industrial plant, and through land-use regression for NOχ due to traffic pollution. Using Cox regression analysis, hazard ratios (HR) were estimated adjusting for exposure to other sources of pollution, age, and socioeconomic deprivation. An adjusted linear trend of HR (HRt) over the categories of exposure, with the relative 95% CI and p-value, was also calculated. Mortality and hospital discharge were studied as impact outcomes. Mortality analysis on males showed increased trends of mortality due to natural causes (HRt p < 0.05), the tumor of the lymphohematopoietic system (HRt p = 0.01), cardiovascular diseases (HRt p < 0.01); in females, increased trends for acute respiratory diseases (HRt p = 0.04). Morbidity analysis showed a HRt for lymphohematopoietic system tumor in males (HRt p = 0.04). Some of the excesses are in agreement with previous evidence on the health effects of MWIs, although the observation in males but not in females, suggests a cautious interpretation. Confounding due to other sources of exposure cannot be ruled out. The evidence was considered important in the decision-making process of the waste cycle.
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Pulmonary functionality among workers of a Central Italy waste-to-energy plant: a retrospective study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31312249 PMCID: PMC6610793 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-019-0241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We are observing a growing trend towards the use of waste incineration in waste-to-energy (WTE) plants in Italy. Various authors started to investigate their potential health effects, but without univocal outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess whether or not main pulmonary function indexes could be decreased in a group of workers employed in a municipal solid WTE plant located in Central Italy, and if there’s a correlation between the levels of exposure to airborne pollutants and alterations in the pulmonary apparatus. Methods The study was conducted with a retrospective cohort approach. We reviewed data from clinical records of 58 waste-to-energy plant workers undergoing annual health surveillance in the period 2010–2015. We considered the exposure to airborne dust and the main parameters of respiratory function (FVC, FEV1, Tiffeneau Index and FEF 25–75%) at time zero and after a period of 5 years. We divided our study population into two groups: low (< 1 mg/m3) and high (> 1 mg/m3) exposure. We estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusted for potential confounders. Results We observed a decrease in lung function parameters both in high and in low exposure group after a five-years exposure period. FEV1, FEV1/VC ratio and FEF 25–75% were worst in more exposed group, even if this difference resulted not significant at Wilcoxon test. Conclusions Active employee in WTE plants is associated to a non-significant worsening in the main parameters of lung function after 5 years exposure. Clinical significant of these variations need to be assessed.
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Danjou AMN, Coudon T, Praud D, Lévêque E, Faure E, Salizzoni P, Le Romancer M, Severi G, Mancini FR, Leffondré K, Dossus L, Fervers B. Long-term airborne dioxin exposure and breast cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the French E3N prospective cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:236-248. [PMID: 30658268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxins, Group 1 carcinogens, are emitted by industrial chlorinated combustion processes and suspected to increase breast cancer risk through receptor-mediated pathways. OBJECTIVES We estimated breast cancer risk associated with airborne dioxin exposure, using geographic information system (GIS) methods and historical exposure data. METHODS We designed a case-control study (429 breast cancer cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2008, matched to 716 controls) nested within the E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale) cohort. Airborne dioxin exposure was assessed using a GIS-based metric including participants' residential history, technical characteristics of 222 dioxin sources, residential proximity to dioxin sources, exposure duration and wind direction. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with quintiles of cumulative exposure were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS We observed no increased risk of breast cancer for higher dioxin exposure levels overall and according to hormone-receptor status. We however observed a statistically significant OR for Q2 versus Q1 overall (1.612, 95% CI: 1.042-2.493) and for estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (1.843, 95% CI: 1.033-3.292). CONCLUSIONS Overall, as well as according to hormone-receptor status, no increased risk was observed for higher airborne dioxin exposure. The increased risk for low exposure levels might be compatible with non-monotonic dose-response relationship. Confirmation of our findings is required. Our GIS-based metric may provide an alternative in absence of ambient dioxin monitoring and may allow assessing exposure to other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Marcelle Nicole Danjou
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Thomas Coudon
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Delphine Praud
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Emilie Lévêque
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement, Centre Inserm U1219 Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Elodie Faure
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Pietro Salizzoni
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France.
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Karen Leffondré
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement, Centre Inserm U1219 Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Laure Dossus
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 28 rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Popovic I, Soares Magalhaes RJ, Ge E, Marks GB, Dong GH, Wei X, Knibbs LD. A systematic literature review and critical appraisal of epidemiological studies on outdoor air pollution and tuberculosis outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:33-45. [PMID: 30557690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is the leading environmental risk factor for disease globally. Air pollutants can increase the risk of some respiratory infections, but their effects on tuberculosis (TB) are unclear. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to assess epidemiological studies on the association between outdoor air pollutants and TB incidence, hospital admissions and death (collectively referred to here as 'TB outcomes'). We sought to consolidate available evidence on this topic and propose recommendations for future studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus with no restrictions imposed on year of publication. A total of 11 epidemiological studies, performed in Asia, Europe and North America, met our inclusion criteria (combined sample size: 215,337 people). We extracted key study characteristics from each eligible publication, including design, exposure assessment, analytical approaches and effect estimates. The studies were assessed for overall quality and risk of bias using standard criteria. The pollutant most frequently associated with statistically significant effects on TB outcomes was fine particulate matter ( < 2.5 µm; PM2.5); 6/11 studies assessed PM2.5, of which 4/6 demonstrated a significant association). There was some evidence of significant associations between PM10 ( < 10 µm), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and TB outcomes, but these associations were inconsistent. The existing epidemiological evidence is limited and shows mixed results. However, it is plausible that exposure to air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, may suppress important immune defence mechanisms, increasing an individual's susceptibility to development of active TB and TB-related mortality. Considering the small number of studies relative to the demonstrably large global health burdens of air pollution and TB, further research is required to corroborate the findings in the current literature. Based on a critical assessment of existing evidence, we conclude with methodological suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Popovic
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Erjia Ge
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Guy B Marks
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia
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Coudon T, Danjou AMN, Faure E, Praud D, Severi G, Mancini FR, Salizzoni P, Fervers B. Development and performance evaluation of a GIS-based metric to assess exposure to airborne pollutant emissions from industrial sources. Environ Health 2019; 18:8. [PMID: 30683108 PMCID: PMC6347831 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxins are environmental and persistent organic carcinogens with endocrine disrupting properties. A positive association with several cancers, including risk of breast cancer has been suggested. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop and assess performances of an exposure metric based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) through comparison with a validated dispersion model to estimate historical industrial dioxin exposure for its use in a case-control study nested within a prospective cohort. METHODS Industrial dioxin sources were inventoried over the whole French territory (n > 2500) and annual average releases were estimated between 1990 and 2008. In three selected areas (rural, urban and urban-costal), dioxin dispersion was modelled using SIRANE, an urban Gaussian model and exposure of the French E3N cohort participants was estimated. The GIS-based metric was developed, calibrated and compared to SIRANE results using a set of parameters (local meteorological data, characteristics of industrial sources, e.g. emission intensity and stack height), by calculating weighted kappa statistics (wκ) and coefficient of determination (R2). Furthermore, as performance evaluation, the final GIS-based metric was tested to assess atmospheric exposure to cadmium. RESULTS The concordance between the GIS-based metric and the dispersion model for dioxin exposure estimate was strong (wκ median = 0.78 (1st quintile = 0.72, 3rd quintile =0.82) and R2 median = 0.82 (1st quintile = 0.71, 3rd quintile = 0.87)). We observed similar performance for cadmium. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the ability of the GIS-based metric to reliably characterize long-term environmental dioxin and cadmium exposures as well as the pertinence of using dispersion modelling to construct and calibrate the GIS-based metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Coudon
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélie Marcelle Nicole Danjou
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elodie Faure
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Praud
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pietro Salizzoni
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, University of Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 36, avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
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Ghosh RE, Freni-Sterrantino A, Douglas P, Parkes B, Fecht D, de Hoogh K, Fuller G, Gulliver J, Font A, Smith RB, Blangiardo M, Elliott P, Toledano MB, Hansell AL. Fetal growth, stillbirth, infant mortality and other birth outcomes near UK municipal waste incinerators; retrospective population based cohort and case-control study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:151-158. [PMID: 30472002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have reported associations between municipal waste incinerator (MWI) exposures and adverse birth outcomes but there are few studies of modern MWIs operating to current European Union (EU) Industrial Emissions Directive standards. METHODS Associations between modelled ground-level particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10) from MWI emissions (as a proxy for MWI emissions) within 10 km of each MWI, and selected birth and infant mortality outcomes were examined for all 22 MWIs operating in Great Britain 2003-10. We also investigated associations with proximity of residence to a MWI. Outcomes used were term birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA) at term, stillbirth, neonatal, post-neonatal and infant mortality, multiple births, sex ratio and preterm delivery sourced from national registration data from the Office for National Statistics. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders including year of birth, sex, season of birth, maternal age, deprivation, ethnicity and area characteristics and random effect terms were included in the models to allow for differences in baseline rates between areas and in incinerator feedstock. RESULTS Analyses included 1,025,064 births and 18,694 infant deaths. There was no excess risk in relation to any of the outcomes investigated during pregnancy or early life of either mean modelled MWI PM10 or proximity to an MWI. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that exposure to PM10 from, or living near to, an MWI operating to current EU standards was associated with harm for any of the outcomes investigated. Results should be generalisable to other MWIs operating to similar standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Ghosh
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Anna Freni-Sterrantino
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Philippa Douglas
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LR, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Brandon Parkes
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Daniela Fecht
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gary Fuller
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Population Health and Environment Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Anna Font
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Population Health and Environment Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Rachel B Smith
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Directorate of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Anna L Hansell
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; Directorate of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK.
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Coudon T, Hourani H, Nguyen C, Faure E, Mancini FR, Fervers B, Salizzoni P. Assessment of long-term exposure to airborne dioxin and cadmium concentrations in the Lyon metropolitan area (France). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:177-190. [PMID: 29220728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the long-term effects of airborne pollutants requires the computation of the spatial and temporal variability of their concentration in air to estimate the exposure of the population. To estimate exposure levels of individuals in a breast cancer case control study nested in a national prospective cohort, we determine here the differential impact of a variety of cadmium and dioxin sources on urban air over a large urban area and over a period of almost 20years. To that end, we couple an emission model, to estimate dioxin and cadmium atmospheric annual releases, with an urban dispersion model in order to compute pollutant concentration fields at a fine temporal (1h) and spatial (25m) resolution. The reliability of the modelling chain is compared to two types of measurement: i) localized industrial emissions and ii) dioxin and cadmium air monitoring data (from 2007 to 2008), collected at a fixed station, placed in the city centre, as well as at three mobile short-term dioxin monitoring stations, located in the suburbs (the latter providing dioxin data, only). Comparisons between measured and estimated emissions show non-negligible difference, with a correlations for dioxin (rs=0.42) and cadmium (rs=0.41). Despite this, mean values between estimated emissions and emission measurements are close to each other, in particular for cadmium. Weekly average modelled concentrations show an overall good agreement with weekly average measured concentrations in spring and summer but are generally lower than monitored data in winter due to peak concentrations from diffuse sources representing an important proportion of emissions in 2007/2008. The model provides better results for cadmium than for dioxin. Despite the relevant errors in the model predictions, the model meets the validation criteria, defined by Chang and Hanna for an urban dispersion model. Simulation scenarios of air pollutant concentrations, reconstructed over the last 20years, show the effects of the variability of the pollutant sources over time with decreasing levels of dioxin and cadmium concentrations in air. This is primarily due to the reduction in localized industrial releases, which results in a general trend of homogenization of the exposure of the population. The model further allows us to dissociate the contribution of different types of pollutant sources on the population exposure. The impact on local concentrations due to industrial emissions, which were originally responsible for the major impact on air quality, is shown to drop over the years by 99% and 92% for dioxin and cadmium, respectively. Today, the major contributions are due to diffuse miscellaneous sources in the case of dioxin and to traffic-related emissions for cadmium. Average modelled concentrations at the study subjects' residential locations range from 10.2 to 82.1fg-TEQ/m3 for dioxin and 0.10 to 1.6ng/m3 for cadmium and are comparable with data from the literature. The study results will be essential to increase the accuracy of the assessment of long-term airborne dioxin and cadmium exposure and improve the results of epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Coudon
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
| | - H Hourani
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - C Nguyen
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully 69134, France
| | - E Faure
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - F R Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - B Fervers
- Département Cancer & Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69100, France; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69373, France
| | - P Salizzoni
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully 69134, France
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19
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Douglas P, Freni-Sterrantino A, Leal Sanchez M, Ashworth DC, Ghosh RE, Fecht D, Font A, Blangiardo M, Gulliver J, Toledano MB, Elliott P, de Hoogh K, Fuller GW, Hansell AL. Estimating Particulate Exposure from Modern Municipal Waste Incinerators in Great Britain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7511-7519. [PMID: 28621543 PMCID: PMC6117747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) is regulated through the European Union Directive on Industrial Emissions (IED), but there is ongoing public concern regarding potential hazards to health. Using dispersion modeling, we estimated spatial variability in PM10 concentrations arising from MWIs at postcodes (average 12 households) within 10 km of MWIs in Great Britain (GB) in 2003-2010. We also investigated change points in PM10 emissions in relation to introduction of EU Waste Incineration Directive (EU-WID) (subsequently transposed into IED) and correlations of PM10 with SO2, NOx, heavy metals, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furan (PCDD/F), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) emissions. Yearly average modeled PM10 concentrations were 1.00 × 10-5 to 5.53 × 10-2 μg m-3, a small contribution to ambient background levels which were typically 6.59-2.68 × 101 μg m-3, 3-5 orders of magnitude higher. While low, concentration surfaces are likely to represent a spatial proxy of other relevant pollutants. There were statistically significant correlations between PM10 and heavy metal compounds (other heavy metals (r = 0.43, p = <0.001)), PAHs (r = 0.20, p = 0.050), and PCBs (r = 0.19, p = 0.022). No clear change points were detected following EU-WID implementation, possibly as incinerators were operating to EU-WID standards before the implementation date. Results will be used in an epidemiological analysis examining potential associations between MWIs and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Douglas
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Freni-Sterrantino
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Leal Sanchez
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle C. Ashworth
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Ghosh
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Fecht
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Font
- Environment
Research Group, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - John Gulliver
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Mireille B. Toledano
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
- Swiss Tropical and
Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland
- University of
Basel, Basel, CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Gary W. Fuller
- Environment
Research Group, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Hansell
- UK
Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment
and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
- Directorate
of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial
College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom
- Phone: +44 (0)20 7594 3344. E-mail: . Corresponding
author address: UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU), Department
of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Imperial
College London, St. Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2
1PG, U.K
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20
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Blanes-Vidal V, Cantuaria ML, Nadimi ES. A novel approach for exposure assessment in air pollution epidemiological studies using neuro-fuzzy inference systems: Comparison of exposure estimates and exposure-health associations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:196-203. [PMID: 28092762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have used proximity to sources as air pollution exposure assessment method. However, proximity measures are not generally good surrogates because of their complex non-linear relationship with exposures. Neuro-fuzzy inference systems (NFIS) can be used to map complex non-linear systems, but its usefulness in exposure assessment has not been extensively explored. We present a novel approach for exposure assessment using NFIS, where the inputs of the model were easily-obtainable proximity measures, and the output was residential exposure to an air pollutant. We applied it to a case-study on NH3 pollution, and compared health effects and exposures estimated from NFIS, with those obtained from emission-dispersion models, and linear and non-linear regression proximity models, using 10-fold cross validation. The agreement between emission-dispersion and NFIS exposures was high (Root-mean-square error (RMSE) =0.275, correlation coefficient (r)=0.91) and resulted in similar health effect estimates. Linear models showed poor performance (RMSE=0.527, r=0.59), while non-linear regression models resulted in heterocedasticity, non-normality and clustered data. NFIS could be a useful tool for estimating individual air pollution exposures in epidemiological studies on large populations, when emission-dispersion data are not available. The tradeoff between simplicity and accuracy needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Manuella Lech Cantuaria
- The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Esmaeil S Nadimi
- The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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21
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Johnson DR. Nanometer-sized emissions from municipal waste incinerators: A qualitative risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:67-79. [PMID: 27513371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipal waste incinerators (MWI) are beneficial alternatives to landfills for waste management. A recent constituent of concern in emissions from these facilities is incidental nanometer-sized particles (INPMWI), i.e., particles smaller than 1 micrometer in size that may deposit in the deepest parts of the lungs, cross into the bloodstream, and affect different regions of the body. With limited data, the public may fear INPMWI due to uncertainty, which may affect public acceptance, regulatory permitting, and the increased lowering of air quality standards. Despite limited data, a qualitative risk assessment paradigm can be applied to determine the relative risk due to INPMWI emissions. This review compiles existing data on nanometer-sized particle generation by MWIs, emissions control technologies used at MWIs, emission releases into the atmosphere, human population exposure, and adverse health effects of nanometer-sized particles to generate a qualitative risk assessment and identify data gaps. The qualitative risk assessment conservatively concludes that INPMWI pose a low to moderate risk to individuals, primarily due to the lack of relevant toxicological data on INPMWI mixtures in ambient particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Johnson
- GHD, 1755 Wittington Place, Suite 500, Dallas, TX 75234, USA.
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22
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Bena A, Orengia M, Cadum E, Farina E, Alimonti A, Bocca B, Chiusolo M, De Felip E, Gandini M, Iamiceli AL, Pino A, Procopio E, Salamina G. Biomonitoring and exposure assessment of people living near or working at an Italian waste incinerator: methodology of the SPoTT study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:607. [PMID: 27714597 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Only few studies on the health effect of waste incinerators were focused on human biomonitoring (HBM). Our aim is to describe a protocol for assessing early variation of selected items in a population group living close to a waste incinerator in Turin, Italy. A cohort of 394 subjects was randomly selected, among residents near the incinerator and residents far from it. To achieve this sample size, 765 subjects were contacted. The cohort was monitored before the start-up of the plant and will be followed up 1 and 3 years after, with measurements of respiratory function, selected blood and urine parameters including 19 metals, 17 congeners of PCDDs/Fs, 12 congeners of DL-PCBs, 30 congeners of NDL-PCBs, 11 OH-PAHs, specific hormones (T3, T4, TSH, cortisol and ACTH) and common health parameters. The same protocol is applied for plant workers and breeders living near the plant. Individual exposure to urban pollution and waste incinerator fallout were assessed through the use of mathematical models. Information on individual habits was assessed using a specific questionnaire. SPoTT is the first Italian study that adopts a longitudinal design of appropriate statistical power to assess health impacts of waste incinerator plants' emission. The initial results comparing the baseline to the first follow-up are due at the end of 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bena
- Department of Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Manuela Orengia
- Department of Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Ennio Cadum
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Via Pio VII 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Farina
- Department of Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alimonti
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Chiusolo
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Via Pio VII 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena De Felip
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Gandini
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Via Pio VII 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Iamiceli
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pino
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Procopio
- Department of Prevention, ASL TO3, Piazza San Francesco 4, Susa, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salamina
- Department of Prevention, ASL TO1, Via della Consolata 10, Turin, Italy
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23
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Cantuaria ML, Suh H, Løfstrøm P, Blanes-Vidal V. Characterization of exposure in epidemiological studies on air pollution from biodegradable wastes: Misclassification and comparison of exposure assessment strategies. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:770-779. [PMID: 27692572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The assignment of exposure is one of the main challenges faced by environmental epidemiologists. However, misclassification of exposures has not been explored in population epidemiological studies on air pollution from biodegradable wastes. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of different approaches for assessing exposure to air pollution from biodegradable wastes by analyzing (1) the misclassification of exposure that is committed by using these surrogates, (2) the existence of differential misclassification (3) the effects that misclassification may have on health effect estimates and the interpretation of epidemiological results, and (4) the ability of the exposure measures to predict health outcomes using 10-fold cross validation. Four different exposure assessment approaches were studied: ammonia concentrations at the residence (Metric I), distance to the closest source (Metric II), number of sources within certain distances from the residence (Metric IIIa,b) and location in a specific region (Metric IV). Exposure-response models based on Metric I provided the highest predictive ability (72.3%) and goodness-of-fit, followed by IV, III and II. When compared to Metric I, Metric IV yielded the best results for exposure misclassification analysis and interpretation of health effect estimates, followed by Metric IIIb, IIIa and II. The study showed that modelled NH3 concentrations provide more accurate estimations of true exposure than distances-based surrogates, and that distance-based surrogates (especially those based on distance to the closest point source) are imprecise methods to identify exposed populations, although they may be useful for initial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Lech Cantuaria
- The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helen Suh
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Per Løfstrøm
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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24
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Park DU, Friesen MC, Roh HS, Choi YY, Ahn JJ, Lim HK, Kim SK, Koh DH, Jung HJ, Lee JH, Cheong HK, Lim SY, Leem JH, Kim YH, Paek DM. Estimating retrospective exposure of household humidifier disinfectants. INDOOR AIR 2015; 25:631-640. [PMID: 25557769 PMCID: PMC4490160 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We conducted a comprehensive humidifier disinfectant exposure characterization for 374 subjects with lung disease who presumed their disease was related to humidifier disinfectant use (patient group) and for 303 of their family members (family group) for an ongoing epidemiological study. We visited the homes of the registered patients to investigate disinfectant use characteristics. Probability of exposure to disinfectants was determined from the questionnaire and supporting evidence from photographs demonstrating the use of humidifier disinfectant, disinfectant purchase receipts, any residual disinfectant, and the consistency of their statements. Exposure duration was estimated as cumulative disinfectant use hours from the questionnaire. Airborne disinfectant exposure intensity (μg/m(3)) was estimated based on the disinfectant volume (ml) and frequency added to the humidifier per day, disinfectant bulk level (μg/ml), the volume of the room (m(3)) with humidifier disinfectant, and the degree of ventilation. Overall, the distribution patterns of the intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure to humidifier disinfectants for the patient group were higher than those of the family group, especially for pregnant women and patients ≤6 years old. Further study is underway to evaluate the association between the disinfectant exposures estimated here with clinically diagnosed lung disease. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Retrospective exposure to household humidifier disinfectant as estimated here can be used to evaluate associations with clinically diagnosed lung disease due to the use of humidifier disinfectant in Korea. The framework, with modifications to account for dispersion and use patterns, can also be potentially adapted to assessment of other household chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Uk Park
- Dept. of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, 110-791, South Korea
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Hyun-Suk Roh
- Data analytics team, tiny Labs, Seoul, 140-822, South Korea
| | - Ye-Yong Choi
- Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Seoul, 110-460, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ju Ahn
- Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Seoul, 110-460, South Korea
| | - Heung-Kyu Lim
- Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Seoul, 110-460, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Seoul, 110-460, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Koh
- National Cancer Control Institute, Seoul, 110-769, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Jung
- Dept. of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, 110-791, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Lee
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Protection, NeoEnBiz Co., Bucheon 420-806, South Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 440-746, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sin-Ye Lim
- Dept. of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University 130-791, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Dept. of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwa Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Do-Myung Paek
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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25
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Candela S, Bonvicini L, Ranzi A, Baldacchini F, Broccoli S, Cordioli M, Carretta E, Luberto F, Angelini P, Evangelista A, Marzaroli P, Giorgi Rossi P, Forastiere F. Exposure to emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators and miscarriages: a multisite study of the MONITER Project. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 78:51-60. [PMID: 25765761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miscarriages are an important indicator of reproductive health but only few studies have analyzed their association with exposure to emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators. This study analyzed the occurrence of miscarriages in women aged 15-49years residing near seven incinerators of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Northern Italy) in the period 2002-2006. METHODS We considered all pregnancies occurring in women residing during the first trimester of pregnancy within a 4km radius of each incinerator. Addresses were geocoded and exposures were characterized by a dispersion model (ADMS Urban model) producing pollution maps for incinerators based on PM10 stack measurements and for other pollution sources based on NOx ground measurements. Information on pregnancies and their outcomes was obtained from the Hospital Discharge Database. Simplified True Abortion Risks (STAR)×100 estimated pregnancies were calculated. We ran logistic regressions adjusting for maternal characteristics, exposure to other sources of pollution, and sites, considering the whole population and stratifying by miscarriage history. RESULTS The study analyzed 11,875 pregnancies with 1375 miscarriages. After adjusting for confounders, an increase of PM10 due to incinerator emissions was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (test for trend, p=0.042). The odds ratio for the highest quartile of exposed versus not exposed women was 1.29, 95% CI 0.97-1.72. The effect was present only for women without previous miscarriages (highest quartile of exposed versus not exposed women 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.96; test for trend, p=0.009). CONCLUSION Exposure to incinerator emissions is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. This result should be interpreted with those of a previous study on reproductive health conducted in the same area that observed an association between incinerator exposure and preterm births.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Candela
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - L Bonvicini
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - A Ranzi
- Regional Reference Centre on Environment and Health, ARPA Emilia-Romagna Region, Modena, Italy.
| | - F Baldacchini
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - S Broccoli
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - M Cordioli
- Regional Reference Centre on Environment and Health, ARPA Emilia-Romagna Region, Modena, Italy.
| | - E Carretta
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - F Luberto
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - P Angelini
- Public Health Service, Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy.
| | - A Evangelista
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - P Marzaroli
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - P Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - F Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region, Italy.
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26
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Massarutto A. Economic aspects of thermal treatment of solid waste in a sustainable WM system. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 37:45-57. [PMID: 25307494 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper offers a systematic review of the literature of the last 15 years, which applies economic analysis and theories to the issue of combustion of solid waste. Waste incineration has attracted the interest of economists in the first place concerning the comparative assessment of waste management options, with particular reference to external costs and benefits. A second important field of applied economic research concerns the market failures associated with the provision of thermal treatment of waste, that justify some deviation from the standard competitive market model. Our analysis discusses the most robust achievements and the more controversial areas. All in all, the economic perspective seems to confirm the desirability of assigning a prominent role to thermal treatments in an integrated waste management strategy. Probably the most interesting original contribution it has to offer concerns the refusal of categorical assumptions and too rigid priority ladders, emphasizing instead the need to consider site-specific circumstances that may favor one or another solution.
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Ancona C, Badaloni C, Mataloni F, Bolignano A, Bucci S, Cesaroni G, Sozzi R, Davoli M, Forastiere F. Mortality and morbidity in a population exposed to multiple sources of air pollution: A retrospective cohort study using air dispersion models. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:467-74. [PMID: 25701728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A landfill, an incinerator, and a refinery plant have been operating since the early 1960s in a contaminated site located in the suburb of Rome (Italy). To evaluate their potential health effects, a population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using dispersion modeling for exposure assessment. METHODS A fixed cohort was enrolled in the Rome Longitudinal Study in 2001, mortality and hospitalizations were followed-up until 2010. Exposure assessments to the landfill (H2S), the incinerator (PM10), and the refinery plant (SOX) were performed for each subject using a Lagrangian dispersion model. Individual and small-area variables were available (including exposures levels to NO2 from traffic and diesel trucks). Cox regression analysis was performed (hazard ratios, HRs, 95% CI) using linear terms for the exposures (5th-95th percentiles difference). Single and bi-pollutant models were run. RESULTS The cohort included 85,559 individuals. The estimated annual average exposures levels were correlated. H2S from the landfill was associated with cardiovascular hospital admissions in both genders (HR 1.04 95% CI 1.00-1.09 in women); PM10 from the incinerator was associated with pancreatic cancer mortality in both genders (HR 1.40 95% CI 1.03-1.90 in men, HR 1.47 95% CI 1.12-1.93 in women) and with breast morbidity in women (HR 1.13 95% CI 1.00-1.27). SOx from the refinery was associated with laryngeal cancer mortality in women (HR 4.99 95% CI 1.64-15.9) and respiratory hospital admissions (HR 1.13 95% CI 1.01-1.27). CONCLUSIONS We found an association of the pollution sources with some cancer forms and cardio-respiratory diseases. Although there was a high correlation between the estimated exposures, an indication of specific effects from the different sources emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ancona
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Badaloni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Mataloni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bolignano
- Lazio Environmental Protection Agency, Via Boncompagni 101, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sozzi
- Lazio Environmental Protection Agency, Via Boncompagni 101, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy
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