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Tavares WR, Seca AML, Barreto MC. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Artemisia and Salvia Genera in Cancer, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Short Review of Clinical Evidence. J Clin Med 2025; 14:1028. [PMID: 39941696 PMCID: PMC11818717 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic disorders comprising dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and abdominal obesity, is a silent epidemic that may lead to outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Due to the increase in the prevalence of these pathologies, the search for better treatments and more efficient drugs is imperative. Species of Artemisia and Salvia genera are excellent examples of noteworthy sources of bioactive products with health applications, their therapeutic properties being well known both in popular medicine and in the scientific community. There are reports of plant extracts or compounds from species belonging to either of these genera, which were able to combat cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular pathologies. For instance, dihydroartemisinin (analog of artemisin extracted from Artemisia annua L.) can reduce tumor markers p53 and Ki-67 expression levels, leading to a reduction in tumor proliferation. Salvia officinalis L. has antihyperglycemic and lipid profile-improving effects since it decreases total cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Clinical trials using mixtures (dried powdered plants or extracts) of known medicinal plants are recurrent in published works, in contrast with the scarce clinical trial studies with isolated compounds. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. was by far the most targeted plant in the clinical trials analyzed here. Regarding clinical trials concerning Artemisia, there are more studies aiming to see its effect on diabetes, but the studies about cancer are more advanced. This review aims to give a critical summary of the most interesting and promising results from clinical trials. The abundance of studies with limited statistically significant clinical evidence hinders progress in clinical therapy. This situation demands far greater rigor from the scientific community, researchers, regulatory agencies, editors, and reviewers in conducting and publishing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R. Tavares
- University of the Azores, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Ana M. L. Seca
- University of the Azores, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (M.C.B.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Barreto
- University of the Azores, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (M.C.B.)
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Mao J, Li M, Wang X, Wang B, Luo P, Wang G, Guo X. Exploring the mechanism of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi in the regulation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118703. [PMID: 39154668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi is a traditional medicinal and edible homologous plant rich in flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, polysaccharides and other chemical components. At present, studies have shown that Pueraria lobata radix (PR) has the effect of lowering blood sugar, improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting obesity. However, the specific mechanism of PR inhibits obesity is still unclear, and there are few researches on the anti-obesity effect of PR through the combination of network pharmacology and experiment. AIM OF THE STUDY Pharmacology, molecular docking technology and experimental verification through the network, revealing the PR the material basis of obesity and the potential mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study used network pharmacology techniques to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of PR. Through relevant databases, a total of 6 main chemical components and 257 potential targets were screened. Protein interaction analysis shows that AKT1, AKR1B1, PPARG, MMP9, TNF, TP53, BAD, and BCL2 are core targets. Enrichment analysis shows that the pathway of PR in preventing obesity involves the cancer signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which may be the main pathways of action. Further molecular docking verification indicates that its core target exhibits good binding activity with 4 compounds: formononectin, purerin, 7,8,4 '- trihydroxide and daidzein. Using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technology to detected and confirmed these main compounds. Cell experiment results revealed that puerarin inhibits cell proliferation and differentiation in a concentration dependent manner, significantly promoting cell apoptosis and affecting cell migration. Animal experiments have shown that puerarin reduces food intake and weight gain in mice. It was found that puerarin can upregulate HDL and downregulate TC, TG, and LDL blood biochemical indicators. Western blot results showed that puerarin significantly inhibited the expression of AKT1, AKR1B1, MMP9, TNF, TP53, BCL2, PPARG, and significantly increased the expression of BAD protein at both cellular and animal levels. CONCLUSION The present study established a method for measuring PR content and predicted its active ingredients and their mechanisms of action in the treatment of obesity, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China; Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Maolin Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Peng Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Guoze Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China.
| | - Xiulan Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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XU J, LIU Y, LUO Z, ZHAO Z, WANG D, LIU Q. Chinese patent medicine for atherosclerosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:1082-1090. [PMID: 39617693 PMCID: PMC11589558 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine (CPM) on atherosclerosis (AS) or with a high risk of atherosclerosis. METHODS All RCTs in three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were included from the inception of the database to September 20, 2019. The methodological evaluation of the included trials was carried out using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. RESULTS Eighteen RCTs were included, involving a total of 3885 patients with AS or with a high risk of AS. Most trials had favorable methodology. Meta-analysis suggested significant differences in clinical endpoint (n = 1938, RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.69, P < 0.00001; I 2 = 0%); the change in carotid artery IMT (n = 1723, MD -0.09, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.04, P < 0.001; I 2 = 40%); change in FMD (n = 239, MD 0.87, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.21, P < 0.00001; I 2 = 0%); change in high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (n = 1527, MD -1.89, 95% CI -3.36 to -0.42, P = 0.01; I 2 = 94%) and incidence of total adverse events (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.93, P = 0.009; I 2 = 40%) in favor of the experimental group. However, meta-analysis showed no significant differences in the change in low-density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) (n = 2419, MD -0.19, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.12, P = 0.22, I 2 = 94%) between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION CPM could have certain clinical efficacy in the treatment of AS. However, more double-blinded placebo-controlled RCTs are required in further evaluations to provide stronger evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian XU
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuntao LIU
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhihao LUO
- 3 Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Hainan Hospital, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Zhen ZHAO
- 4 Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei WANG
- 5 Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- 6 State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing LIU
- 4 Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wang P, Hao D, Xiong X. Anti-hypertension effect of Wuwei Jiangya decoction via ACE2/Ang1-7/MAS signaling pathway in SHR based on network degree-distribution analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117121. [PMID: 37660954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wuwei Jiangya decoction (WJD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula (Fangji) composed of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Cyathulae Radix, and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, all of which have been verified to combat hypertension. However, the integrative "shot-gun" mechanism of WJD and its primary active ingredients are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-hypertensive effects of WJD and its originating ingredients. METHODS Network-based degree distribution analysis combined with in vivo experiments were performed. RESULTS A total of 144 active ingredients in WJD were identified to regulate 84 hypertension-related targets, which are mainly involved in blood pressure and blood vessel diameter regulation. However, for the anti-hypertension effects, "more does not mean better". The majority (76%) of the hubs in the H-network were regulated by no more than four ingredients. We identified 16 primary ingredients that accounted for the therapeutic action against hypertension. For compatibility, the five herbs consistently focused on blood pressure, vascular diameter, and angiogenesis, with the renin-angiotensin system as a primary target. The characteristics of each herb were involved in processes such as lipid localization and oxidative stress, which interact to constitute the regulatory network targeting hypertension, its risk factors, and organ damage. In vivo, WJD significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), improved left ventricular mass index, and ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and vascular injury by moderating the renin-angiotensin system via activating the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas signaling pathway. CONCLUSION WJD can lower SBP and ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy and vascular injury through the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas pathway, thus providing new insights into the development of traditional Chinese medicine as a therapeutic agent for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danli Hao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Lee S, Oh S, Zheng Q, Zheng S, Kim M, Park S, Choi W, Yin CS, Yi TH. Photoprotective effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata extracts on UVB-induced photoaging: A study on skin barrier protection. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12950. [PMID: 38288763 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata exhibit promising potential as cosmetic additives for mitigating skin barrier impairment induced by photoaging. Despite their potential, the precise mechanisms underlying their protective and ameliorative effects remain elusive. This study sought to assess the reparative properties of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata extracts (LP) on UVB-irradiated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and explore the therapeutic potential of LP as a skin barrier protection agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activities were gauged through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The expression levels of skin barrier-related markers, encompassing metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase (HYAL) were scrutinized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, and Western blotting, with a particular focus on the involvement of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. RESULTS The study revealed that LP effectively scavenges free radicals, diminishes ROS production in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly attenuates UVB-induced expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 through modulation of the hyaluronan synthase (HAS)2/HYAL1 signaling axis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Additionally, LP demonstrated enhanced TGF-β signaling activation, fostering procollagen type I synthesis, and concurrently exhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/NF-κB signaling inactivation, thereby mitigating pro-inflammatory cytokine release and alleviating UVB-induced cellular damage. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the observed protective effects of LP on skin cellular constituents highlight its substantial biological potential for shielding against UVB-induced skin photoaging, positioning it as a promising candidate for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Lee
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarang Oh
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengdao Zheng
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejig Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmi Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Shik Yin
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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Islam MR, Dhar PS, Akash S, Syed SH, Gupta JK, Gandla K, Akter M, Rauf A, Hemeg HA, Anwar Y, Aljohny BO, Wilairatana P. Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 37902881 PMCID: PMC10616036 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sabeena Hussain Syed
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Survey No 2, 3,4, Kondhwa Main Rd, Laxmi Nagar, Betal Nagar, Kondhwa, Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
| | | | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya (Deemed to Be University), Himayath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Oudh Aljohny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Xia M, Wu Y, Zhu H, Duan W. Tanshinone I induces ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells via the KDM4D/p53 pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231216963. [PMID: 37989263 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231216963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tanshinone I (Tan I) is one of the bioactive components of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Whether it inhibits gastric cancer through ferroptosis has not been reported. This study aimed to confirm the effect of Tan I on ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells. METHODS AGS and HGC27 cells were treated with Tan I. First, oxidative stress-related parameters and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins were examined. Combined with a ferroptosis inhibitor, Tan I was found to inhibit gastric cancer cells via the ferroptosis pathway. Finally, with bioinformatics analysis, the target protein of Tan I was identified. RESULTS Tan I significantly inhibited the expression level of GPX4. This molecule also increased ROS, MDA, and Fe2+ contents and decreased GSH enzyme activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that Tan I may inhibit gastric cancer cells by inducing ferroptosis. Western blotting results showed that Tan I inhibited the expression levels of the ferroptosis resistance-related proteins GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTH1, while the pro-ferroptosis-related proteins TFR1 and ACSL4 were significantly upregulated. A ferroptosis inhibitor effectively reversed these regulatory effects of Tan I in gastric cancer. With these data combined with the bioinformatics analysis, KDM4D was identified as a key regulatory target of Tan I. Mechanistically, Tan I induced positive regulation of ferroptosis resistance-related indicators by inhibiting KDM4D to upregulate p53 protein expression. Overexpression of KDM4D significantly reversed the effect of Tan I-induced ferroptosis resistance in gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Tan I induced ferroptosis inhibition in gastric cancer by regulating the KDM4D/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minming Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yifeng Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenbiao Duan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Pandozzi C, Giannetta E, Tarsitano MG. Phytotherapic approach in menopause: light and darkness. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2022; 47:421-436. [PMID: 35420287 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menopause is a critical period of the woman life, characterized by a peculiar modification in estrogens concentration and accompanied by different signs and symptoms. To prevent and contrast unfavorable consequences of menopause, different therapeutic approaches could be evaluated. The hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most known, but it has several contraindications. The increasing interest in phytotherapy introduces the necessity for endocrinologist involved in menopause to suggest different therapeutic approaches, considering the state of health of patient and the real efficacy of the drugs. We aim to outline the main phytotherapy treatments to choose in menopause. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This review is based on focused research of the current literature on PubMed and Scopus such as research databases. We selected 4120 papers through these keywords: "MENOPAUSE" AND "phytotherapy," "natural therapy," "phytoterapy drugs." Then, the literature was scanned selecting English papers of last 10 years (last research on October 1, 2021), excluding reviews. Separately, two researchers MGT and CP examined and read 212 full selected papers. We included clinical trials and randomized clinical trials written in English and excluded duplicates, animal studies and studies with lack of group of interest, non-relevant outcomes, inappropriate methodology. Retrospective studies, case reports, case series, original articles, brief communications, and letter to the editor were included in our research. We furthermore completed our research by the examination of every study's bibliography. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Phytotherapy involves the use of plants or plant extracts for the treatment of diseases thanks to the activities of their compounds and metabolites. In particular, many of them have an estrogen-like activity and are identified as phytoestrogens, because thanks to their chemical structure are able to bind the estrogen receptors and carry out biological estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities. The supplementing diet with these compounds can ensure an advantage on various aspects of the climacteric syndrome and some of them also have a beneficial impact on cardiovascular risk, bone health and sleep complaint. These substances can be used with safety due to their good tolerability and low rate of side effects. There are no known serious adverse events associated with their consumption, but as a precaution, its use is not recommended during pregnancy and in association with hormonal therapies or in women with hormone responsive cancers. CONCLUSIONS Phytotherapy must be considered an interesting tool in the treatment of signs and symptoms in selected menopause woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pandozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Tarsitano
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants Used as Antihypertensive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:155-184. [PMID: 33174095 PMCID: PMC7981375 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jwalamukhi, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab India
| | - Shyam Raj Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, S.P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara), Sasaram, Bihar India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#2, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, 1st Floor Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Building, Govt. Ayurvedic College Campus G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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A Network Pharmacology Technique to Investigate the Synergistic Mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix puerariae in Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6937186. [PMID: 33082828 PMCID: PMC7566220 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6937186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed to analyze the active ingredients, drug targets, and related pathways in the combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Radix puerariae (RP) in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs). Method The ingredients and targets of SM and RP were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the disease targets were obtained from Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) Database. The synergistic mechanisms of the SM and RP were evaluated by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) path enrichment analyses. Result A total of 61 active ingredients and 58 common targets were identified in this study. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that SM- and RP-regulated pathways were mainly inflammatory processes, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular systems. The component-target-pathway network indicated that SM and RP exert a synergistic mechanism for CCVDs through PTGS2 target in PI3k-Akt, TNF, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways. Conclusion In summary, this study clarified the synergistic mechanisms of SM and RP, which can provide a better understanding of effect in the treatment of CCVDs.
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Kirichenko TV, Sukhorukov VN, Markin AM, Nikiforov NG, Liu PY, Sobenin IA, Tarasov VV, Orekhov AN, Aliev G. Medicinal Plants as a Potential and Successful Treatment Option in the Context of Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:403. [PMID: 32322201 PMCID: PMC7156611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by mainly changes of blood lipids profile and inflammation in vessel wall. The cardiovascular disease based on atherosclerosis is currently the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Therefore, timely prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis are able to reduce the risk of the development of its clinical manifestations. Anti-atherosclerotic activity of medicinal plants mainly appears in their multiple effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, hypotensive, lipid-lowering, anti-thrombotic. Moreover, most of medicinal plants are characterized by their pleiotropic anti-atherosclerotic action. In addition, the medicinal plants-derived pharmacological substances and/or compounds are characterized by relative safety and fewer side effects that allows considering them as one of potential anti-atherosclerotic effective agents. The direct anti-atherosclerotic effect of some medicinal plants was confirmed in clinical trials of carotid Intima-media thickness (IMT) progression during long-term medication with medicinal plants. This review attempted to determine the current status of the databases PubMed and Scopus (until November, 2019) to investigate the medicinal plants possessing anti-atherosclerotic activity in experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Markin
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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Ren W, Liao J, Chen J, Li Z, Huang L. The effect of Chinese herbal medicine combined with western medicine on vascular endothelial function for patients with hypertension: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18134. [PMID: 31804323 PMCID: PMC6919443 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Hypertension often leads to a variety of complications, of which vascular endothelial dysfunction is an important part. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with western medicine can significantly improve vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension, but it has not been systematically evaluated for efficacy and safety of essential hypertension. Therefore, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with western medicine in improving vascular endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS We will search PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science Journal Database (VIP Database) and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Clinical trial registrations, potential grey literature, related conference abstracts, and reference lists of identified studies will also be retrieved. The electronic database will be searched for literatures published from the beginning to October 2018. Based on the heterogeneity test, data integration is performed using a fixed effect model or a random effects model. Changes in blood pressure and endothelial function will be assessed as primary outcomes. Drug use, disease progression and adverse events will be assessed as secondary outcomes. RevMan V.5.3.5 will be used for meta-analysis. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide high-quality evidence from a variety of aspects, including efficacy, blood pressure, vascular endothelial function and adverse reactions, to assess the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with western medicine in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSION This systematic review will determine whether TCM combined with western medicine provides evidence for effective intervention of vascular endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials does not require ethical recognition, and the results of this paper will be published in an open access, internationally influential academic journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019140743.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Huang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Lian D, Yuan H, Yin X, Wu Y, He R, Huang Y, Chen Y. Puerarin inhibits hyperglycemia-induced inter-endothelial junction through suppressing endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome activation via ROS-dependent oxidative pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:310-319. [PMID: 30385134 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that vascular complications are closely related to diabetes mellitus; in particular, inflammatory-mediated endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, exploring effective methods to suppress endothelial dysfunction via inhibition of inflammatory responses is imperative. Puerarin (Pu), a flavonoid common in Pueraria, has been widely and successfully used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China for many years. However, information on its protective properties in hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications is insufficient. Hypothesis/Purpose: In this study, we investigate the protective effects of puerarin against high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction and the underlying mechanism of the flavonoid. METHODS we investigated the protective effects of Pu against hyperglycemia-induced inter-endothelial junction by permeability and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay. In addition, changes in the Nlrp3 inflammasome activation via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent oxidative pathway were investigated using western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy analyses and flow cytometry. ROS scavenger and Nlrp3 gene silencing were used to determine the roles of the ROS-Nlrp3 pathway involved in the molecular mechanism of Pu. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that puerarin inhibits high glucose-induced Nlrp3 inflammasome formation and activation, as shown by fluorescence confocal microscopy and Western blot. Puerarin decreases Nlrp3 protein, which is a critical factor necessary to form an inflammasome complex. We demonstrate that puerarin exerts anti-oxidation and ROS scavenged effects, similar to apocynin (APO). Interestingly, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) protein and TXNIP binding to Nlrp3 markedly decreased with puerarin treatment. Together with these changes, puerarin could decrease high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release from mouse vascular endothelial cell (mMVECs). We also demonstrate the decreased expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1/ZO-2, which are related to endothelial permeability after stimulation by high glucose in endothelial cells. Puerarin could recover the gap junction protein and decrease monolayer cell permeability in endothelial cells. In conclusion, we reveal a new protection mechanism of puerarin that inhibits Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and decreases subsequent caspase-1 activation, triggering the release of HMGB1 by reducing ROS generation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that puerarin exhibits immense potential and specific therapeutic value in hyperglycemia-related cardiovascular disease and the development of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University Town, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Panyu District, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Huiqi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University Town, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Panyu District, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiongzhang Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University Town, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Panyu District, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Rongrong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, No. 601W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, The school of Dental Medicine, Jinan University, No. 613W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University Town, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Panyu District, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Luo J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Long Y, Zou F, Yan C, Zou W. Protective effects and active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extracts on airway responsiveness, inflammation and remodeling in mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:168-177. [PMID: 30599896 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), a traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, its effects against asthma that shows chronic inflammation and oxidative damage remain unknown. PURPOSE To assess the effects of S. miltiorrhiza extracts on airway responsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. METHODS Mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma were treated with S. miltiorrhiza extracts, and airway resistance (RL) to methacholine, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine levels, and airway remodeling were assessed. TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B and MRC-5 cells were used to evaluate the effects of five S. miltiorrhiza compounds on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis. RESULTS OVA-challenge resulted in remarkably increased RL, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine levels in BALF, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and airway wall thickening. Daily treatment with S. miltiorrhiza ethanolic (EE, 246 mg/kg) or water (WE, 156 mg/kg) extract significantly reduced OVA-induced airway inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine amounts, and goblet cells hyperplasia. However, only WE remarkably decreased RL, collagen deposition, and airway wall thickening. Moreover, Chromatography showed that salvianic acid A and caffeic acid levels were much higher in WE than EE, while rosmarinic acid was slightly lower; salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA levels were much higher in EE than WE. Interestingly, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid were more potent in reducing E-cadherin and vimentin levels in TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B cells, and α-SMA and COL1A1 amounts in TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells. CONCLUSIONS Both S. miltiorrhiza WE and EE alleviate airway inflammation in mice with OVA-sensitized allergic asthma. S. miltiorrhiza WE is more potent in reducing responsiveness and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hunan Provincal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Long
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsong Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China..
| | - Wei Zou
- Hunan Provincal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Lai CY, Chiang JH, Lin JG, Yen HR, Tu CH, Chen YH. Chinese herbal medicine reduced the risk of stroke in patients with Parkinson's disease: A population-based retrospective cohort study from Taiwan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203473. [PMID: 30192890 PMCID: PMC6128574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used in Asia to treat stroke, but there are no large-scale clinical data to confirm its efficacy in protecting PD patients against stroke. Herein, we analyzed a cohort of 1,000,000 records from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database for the period 1997–2011, and identified 1,882 patients with new-onset PD. We matched 290 patients who received Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) by age, sex, year of CHM prescription, and year of PD diagnosis with 290 patients who did not use CHM as control. Both cohorts were followed until the end of 2013 for the incidence of new-onset stroke. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for potential comorbidities, the incidence of stroke was lower among PD patients using CHM compared with non-CHM users (11.10 per 100 person-years vs 23.15 per 100 person-years; Hazard ratio: 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.44 to 0.72). The probability curve generated from our follow-up data showed that PD patients receiving CHM treatment had a decreased risk of stroke compared with those not receiving CHM treatment (P <0.001). The analysis on the prescription pattern of CHM revealed that Danshen is the most common single herb and Ma Zi Ren Wan is the most common herbal formula. Although the analysis are limited by a lack of analytic information regarding lifestyle patterns, biochemical profiles, and levels of PD severity in database, this population-based study suggest that CHM may be an complementary therapy to reduce the risk of stroke in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huan Chiang
- Health Data Management Office, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tu
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YHC); (CHT)
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YHC); (CHT)
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Anukunwithaya T, Poo P, Hunsakunachai N, Rodsiri R, Malaivijitnond S, Khemawoot P. Absolute oral bioavailability and disposition kinetics of puerarin in female rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:25. [PMID: 29801513 PMCID: PMC5970530 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pueraria candollei var. mirifica is a medicinal plant that is promoted as a “Champion Product” by the Government of Thailand. This plant has been reported to relieve postmenopausal symptoms, prevent and reverse bone loss, inhibit the growth of breast cancer, and alleviate cardiovascular diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is little information on the oral bioavailability and tissue distribution of puerarin with respect to its pharmacodynamic activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of puerarin, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, in rats. Moreover, this is the first study to examine the tissue distribution of puerarin in the hippocampus, femur, tibia, and mammary gland. Methods Adult female rats were administered puerarin at 1 mg/kg intravenously or 5 and 10 mg/kg orally. Blood, tissue, urine, and feces were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Puerarin reached a maximum concentration in the blood of 140–230 μg/L within 1 h of oral dosing, and had an absolute oral bioavailability of approximately 7%. Following intravenous administration, puerarin was widely distributed in several tissues, including the hippocampus, heart, lung, stomach, liver, mammary gland, kidney, spleen, femur, and tibia. Approximately 50% of the intravenous dose was excreted as glucuronide metabolites via the urinary route. Conclusions The absolute oral bioavailability of puerarin was approximately 7% at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Puerarin was widely distributed to several organs related to the diseases of aging, including the hippocampus, femur, tibia, and mammary gland. Glucuronides were the major metabolites of puerarin and were mainly excreted in the urine. These results are useful for the development of puerarin and Pueraria candollei var. mirifica as phytopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapol Anukunwithaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pilaslak Poo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthaphon Hunsakunachai
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratchanee Rodsiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Interspecies Scaling for Drug Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phisit Khemawoot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Interspecies Scaling for Drug Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Chen AD, Wang CL, Qin Y, Tian L, Chen LB, Yuan XM, Ma LX, Wang YF, Sun JR, Wang HS, Dai N. The effect of Danshen extract on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 levels in patients with stable angina pectoris: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - the DOLPHIN study. Trials 2017; 18:606. [PMID: 29262859 PMCID: PMC5738193 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a biomarker of oxidation and inflammation, has been associated with increased coronary artery disease risk. To date, very few studies have examined the Chinese herbal drug Danshen or its extract on Lp-PLA2 in patients with stable angina pectoris. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of Danshen extract on Lp-PLA2 level in patients with stable angina. Methods/design This is a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, adaptive clinical trial. A total of 156 patients meeting the eligibility criteria will be randomly assigned to either the Danshen extract (DanshenDuofensuanyan injection and Danshen drop spill) group or the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants will then undergo treatment with DanshenDuofensuanyan injection or placebo (glucose) during hospitalization, followed by open-label Danshen drop spill (30 pills/day) in Danshen extract group for 60 days after discharge. Because this is an adaptive trial, two interim analyses are prospectively planned. These will be performed after one-third and two-thirds of the patients, respectively, have completed the trial. On the basis of the results of these interim analyses, a data monitoring committee will determine how to modify aspects of the study without undermining the validity and integrity of the trial. The primary outcome measure is the serum level of Lp-PLA2 in the Danshen extract group and the placebo group. The secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients who show a clinically significant change, which is defined as at least a 20-point improvement in angina frequency score on the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and the carotid intima-media thickness, which will be measured using ultrasound. Other secondary efficacy and safety outcomes will also be assessed. Discussion This study will provide evidence that Danshen extract is beneficial for stable angina and may establish a possible mechanism of Danshen treatment effects on cardiovascular disease. This study may also validate an objective blood test (LP-PLA2 level) for assessing the effectiveness of Danshen therapy in patients with stable angina pectoris. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02870764. Registered on 13 August 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2336-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Di Chen
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Chun-Ling Wang
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Li-Bin Chen
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yuan
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Lin-Xiu Ma
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Ji-Rong Sun
- Cardiology Department, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Hao-Sen Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Neng Dai
- Cardiology Department, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Cardiology Department, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Wu MJ, Yang MC, Ran LQ, Wei SM, Zhou WL, Gou YS, Yu H. Analgesic therapy improves arterial endothelial function following non-cardiovascular surgery: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4767-4772. [PMID: 29201178 PMCID: PMC5704335 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain subsequent to non-cardiac surgery may affect the endothelial function, which in turn contributes to myocardial injury (MI). The present study examined whether effective pain control is able to improve the postoperative endothelial function. Patients (n=160) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into two groups, treated with tramadol analgesic or saline (placebo) following surgery. On preoperative day 1 (baseline) and postoperatively at 2 h, 1 day and 5 days, pain was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS), and B-mode ultrasound was used to measure brachial endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced dilation. At 2 h postoperatively, the FMD in the two groups was significantly lower compared with that at the other three time points (P≤0.005), while VAS was significantly higher (P<0.05). Patients in the tramadol group presented significantly reduced VAS values in comparison with those in the placebo group at 2 h and 1 day postoperatively (P=0.013 and 0.031, respectively), as well as significantly higher FMD at 2 h (6.7±1.5 vs. 6.0±1.7%; P=0.001) and 1 day postoperatively (7.3±1.3 vs. 6.9±1.4%; P=0.03). A VAS score of <5 was independently associated with postoperative FMD of ≥7 (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–6.0; P=0.047). Backward multivariate linear regression also demonstrated that FMD was independently correlated with age and VAS score (B=−1.403, P=0.011; B=−0.579, P=0.003). The response to nitroglycerin-induced dilation remained stable in all patients at baseline and at all postoperative time points. In conclusion, analgesic treatment may improve the arterial endothelial function following non-cardiac surgery, which may help prevent postoperative MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Chang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Long-Qing Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Su-Mei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Lai Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Gou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuangliu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, P.R. China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Tsai FJ, Ho TJ, Cheng CF, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin CW, Lin JG, Lin JC, Lin CC, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on stroke patients with type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:31-44. [PMID: 28213110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D) include stroke, which is a cerebrovascular disturbance characterized by reduced blood flow in the brain, leading to death or physical disability. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in ancient China for the treatment of diabetes and stroke by supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the frequencies and patterns of CHM treatment for stroke patients with T2D and the outcomes of long-term use in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 3079 stroke patients (ICD-9-CM: 430-438) with T2D. We allocated 618 stroke patients, matched for age, gender, and T2D-to-stroke duration, to both CHM and non-CHM groups. Chi-square test, conditional multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test were used in this study. RESULTS The CHM group was characterized by more cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ulcer disease, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use, and higher income. The cumulative survival probability was higher in the CHM group (P<0.001, log rank test); after adjusting for comorbidities, income, and urbanization level, this group also exhibited a lower mortality hazard ratio (0.37, 95% confidence interval [0.25-0.55]). Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang, Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang, and Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang; and Dan-Shen, Niu-Xi, and Yan-Hu-Suo represented the top three formulas and herbs, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of CHM as adjunctive therapy may improve the overall survival (OS) of stroke patients with T2D. The list of the comprehensive herbal medicines that they used might be useful in future large-scale, randomized clinical investigations of agent effectiveness, safety, and potential interactions with conventional treatments in stroke patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Anwar MA, Al Disi SS, Eid AH. Anti-Hypertensive Herbs and Their Mechanisms of Action: Part II. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27014064 PMCID: PMC4782109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a history extending back to thousands of years, and during the intervening time, man has identified the healing properties of a very broad range of plants. Globally, the use of herbal therapies to treat and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise. This is the second part of our comprehensive review where we discuss the mechanisms of plants and herbs used for the treatment and management of high blood pressure. Similar to the first part, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were utilized, and the following keywords and phrases were used as inclusion criteria: hypertension, high blood pressure, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), oxidative stress, and epigenetics/epigenomics. Each of the aforementioned keywords was co-joined with plant or herb in question, and where possible with its constituent molecule(s). This part deals in particular with plants that are used, albeit less frequently, for the treatment and management of hypertension. We then discuss the interplay between herbs/prescription drugs and herbs/epigenetics in the context of this disease. The review then concludes with a recommendation for more rigorous, well-developed clinical trials to concretely determine the beneficial impact of herbs and plants on hypertension and a disease-free living.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara S Al Disi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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21
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Lin YJ, Ho TJ, Yeh YC, Cheng CF, Shiao YT, Wang CB, Chien WK, Chen JH, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin CW, Pang HY, Lin JG, Lan YC, Liu YH, Chen SY, Tsai FJ, Liang WM. Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Improves the Overall Survival Rate of Individuals with Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Modulates In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145109. [PMID: 26699542 PMCID: PMC4689379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic, multifactorial, and metabolic disorder accounting for 90% diabetes cases worldwide. Among them, almost half of T2D have hypertension, which is responsible for cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality in these patients. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) prescription patterns of hypertension individuals among T2D patients have yet to be characterized. This study, therefore, aimed to determine their prescription patterns and evaluate the CHM effect. A cohort of one million randomly sampled cases from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was used to investigate the overall survival rate of CHM users, and prescription patterns. After matching CHM and non-CHM users for age, gender and date of diagnosis of hypertension, 980 subjects for each group were selected. The CHM users were characterized with slightly longer duration time from diabetes to hypertension, and more cases for hyperlipidaemia. The cumulative survival probabilities were higher in CHM users than in non-CHM users. Among these top 12 herbs, Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Dan-Shen, and Ge-Gen were the most common herbs and inhibited in vitro smooth muscle cell contractility. Our study also provides a CHM comprehensive list that may be useful in future investigation of the safety and efficacy for individuals with hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzone Shiao
- Heart Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Bi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuei Chien
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Pang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lan
- Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (FJT); (WML)
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (FJT); (WML)
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Kim MS, Bang JH, Lee J, Kim HW, Sung SH, Han JS, Jeon WK. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract protects white matter and the hippocampus from damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:415. [PMID: 26597908 PMCID: PMC4657337 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), an herbal plant, is traditionally used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Asian countries. SM has multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of SM extract in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in male Wistar rats by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). The rats were divided into 3 groups: sham-control, BCCAo treated with vehicle, and BCCAo treated with SM extract. Vehicle or SM extract (200 mg/kg) were administered daily by oral gavage beginning on day 21 after BCCAo and continuing to day 42. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to measure Iba-1-positive microglia and myelin basic protein (MBP) in white matter and hippocampal tissue. In addition, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway in the hippocampus, were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Administration of SM extract attenuated the activation of microglial cells in the white matter and hippocampus after BCCAo. SM extract also prevented neuroinflammation after BCCAo by reducing hippocampal levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increasing the reduced levels of MBP in the white matter and hippocampus. Further, the administration of SM extract alleviated the up-regulation of hippocampal TLR4 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in rats with chronic BCCAo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SM may be a promising therapeutic candidate in vascular dementia because of its protective effects against damage to the white matter and hippocampus after BCCAo.
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Liu M, Yang J, Li M. Tanshinone IIA attenuates interleukin-17A-induced systemic sclerosis patient-derived dermal vascular smooth muscle cell activation via inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:250-6. [PMID: 26017791 PMCID: PMC4418395 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(04)06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salvia miltiorrhiza has long been used to treat systemic sclerosis. Tanshinone IIA, one of the phytochemicals derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibits multiple biological activities. The present study aimed to investigate whether tanshinone IIA has an effect on the interleukin-17A-induced functional activation of systemic sclerosis patient-derived dermal vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS Systemic sclerosis patient-derived dermal vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated with various dosages of tanshinone IIA in the presence of interleukin-17A or the serum of systemic sclerosis patients. Cell proliferation was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8. The expression of collagen 1 and 3 in cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Cell migration was measured using a transwell assay. The expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that tanshinone IIA exerts an inhibitory effect on interleukin-17A-induced systemic sclerosis patient-derived dermal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and migration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that tanshinone IIA might serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of systemic sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Abietanes/pharmacology
- Abietanes/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Blotting, Far-Western
- Cell Migration Assays
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Collagen Type I/analysis
- Collagen Type III/analysis
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Interleukin-17/analysis
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry
- Scleroderma, Systemic/drug therapy
- Scleroderma, Systemic/metabolism
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengguo Liu
- Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
- E-mail:
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Shin EA, Sohn EJ, Won G, Choi JU, Jeong M, Kim B, Kim MJ, Kim SH. Upregulation of microRNA135a-3p and death receptor 5 plays a critical role in Tanshinone I sensitized prostate cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2014; 5:5624-36. [PMID: 25015549 PMCID: PMC4170628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Though tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been used as a potent anticancer agent, TRAIL resistance is a hot-issue in cancer therapy. We investigated the antitumor mechanism of Tanshinone I to sensitize prostate cancer cells to TRAIL. Comibination of Tanshinone I and TRAIL exerted synergistic cytotoxicity, increased cleaved PARP, sub G1 population, the number of TUNELpositive cells, activated caspase 8, 9 and ROS production in PC-3 and DU145 cells. Of note, combination of Tanshinone I and TRAIL enhanced the protein expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and attenuated anti-apoptotic proteins. RT-PCR and RT-qPCR analyses confirmed that co-treatment of Tanshinone I and TRAIL up-regulated DR5 and microRNA 135a-3p at mRNA level or activity of DR5 promoter and attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases in PC-3. Conversely, the silencing of DR5 blocked the increased cytotoxicity, sub G1 population and PARP cleavages induced by co-treatment of Tanshinone I and TRAIL. Interestingly, miR135a-3p mimic enhanced DR5 at mRNA, increased PARP cleavage, Bax and the number of TUNEL positive cells in Tanshinone I and TRAIL cotreated PC-3. Overall, our findings suggest that Tanshinone I enhances TRAIL mediated apoptosis via upregulation of miR135a-3p mediated DR5 in prostate cancer cells as a potent TRAIL sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ah Shin
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Sohn
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gunho Won
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Un Choi
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myongsuk Jeong
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kwok T, Leung PC, Lam C, Ho S, Wong CK, Cheng KF, Chook P. A randomized placebo controlled trial of an innovative herbal formula in the prevention of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with borderline hypercholesterolemia. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:473-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Wang J, Xiong X, Liu W. Traditional chinese medicine syndromes for essential hypertension: a literature analysis of 13,272 patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:418206. [PMID: 24660016 PMCID: PMC3934631 DOI: 10.1155/2014/418206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background. To simplify traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and allow researchers to master syndrome differentiation for hypertension, this paper retrospectively studied the literature and analyzed syndrome elements corresponding to hypertension syndromes. Methods. Six databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-Medical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wan-fang Data were searched from 1/January/2003 to 30/October/2013. We included all clinical literature testing hypertension syndromes and retrospectively studied the hypertension literature published from 2003 to 2013. Descriptive statistics calculated frequencies and percentages. Results. 13,272 patients with essential hypertension were included. Clinical features of hypertension could be attributed to 11 kinds of syndrome factors. Among them, seven syndrome factors were excess, while four syndrome factors were deficient. Syndrome targets were mainly in the liver and related to the kidney and spleen. There were 33 combination syndromes. Frequency of single-factor syndromes was 31.77% and frequency of two-factor syndromes was 62.26%. Conclusions. Excess syndrome factors of hypertension patients include yang hyperactivity, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, internal dampness, and internal fire. Deficient syndrome factors of hypertension patients are yin deficiency and yang deficiency. Yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, phlegm-dampness retention, and deficiency of both yin and yang were the three most common syndromes in clinical combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Menon MC, Chuang PY, He JC. Shenqi Particle: A Novel Therapy for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62:1027-9. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ten years' research on a cardiovascular tonic: a comprehensive approach-from quality control and mechanisms of action to clinical trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:319703. [PMID: 24324512 PMCID: PMC3845704 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Mortality arising from cardiovascular pathologies remains one of the highest. Maintenance of cardiovascular health therefore remains a universal concern. Interventional therapies and medications have made impressive advances, but preventive measures would be of the same importance. Method. Ten years' search for a simple herbal formula has resulted in a two-herb combination, consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix. The formula has been studied extensively on cardiovascular biological platforms and then put on three clinical trials. Results. In the laboratory, the formula was found to have the biological effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-foam cell formation on vascular endothelium, and vasodilation. Clinical trials using ultrasonic carotid intima thickness as a surrogate marker showed very significant benefits. No significant adverse effects were encountered. Conclusion. It is therefore recommended that the herbal formula could be used as an adjuvant therapy in cardiac patients under treatment or as a preventive agent among the susceptible.
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Wang J, Xiong X, Liu W. Yoga for essential hypertension: a systematic review. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76357. [PMID: 24124549 PMCID: PMC3790704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga is thought to be effective for health conditions. The article aims to assess the current clinical evidence of yoga for Essential hypertension (EH). STRATEGY MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library were searched until June, 2013. We included randomized clinical trials testing yoga against conventional therapy, yoga versus no treatment, yoga combined with conventional therapy versus conventional therapy or conventional therapy combined with breath awareness. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards. RESULTS A total of 6 studies (involving 386 patients) were included. The methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated as generally low. A total of 6 RCTs met all the inclusion criteria. 4 of them compared yoga plus conventional therapy with conventional therapy. 1 RCT described yoga combined with conventional therapy versus conventional therapy combined with breath awareness. 2 RCT tested the effect of yoga versus conventional therapy alone. 1 RCT described yoga compared to no treatment. Only one trial reported adverse events without details, the safety of yoga is still uncertain. CONCLUSIONS There is some encouraging evidence of yoga for lowering SBP and DBP. However, due to low methodological quality of these identified trials, a definite conclusion about the efficacy and safety of yoga on EH cannot be drawn from this review. Therefore, further thorough investigation, large-scale, proper study designed, randomized trials of yoga for hypertension will be required to justify the effects reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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