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Binda C, Perini B, Coluccio C, Giuffrida P, Fabbri S, Gibiino G, Vizzuso A, Giampalma E, Fabbri C. Metal stent and percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy as dual approach for the management of complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Minerva Surg 2024; 79:183-196. [PMID: 38127434 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.23.10132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) are one of the local complications of acute pancreatitis and include walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN), which are complex entities with challenging management. The infection of pancreatic necrosis leads to a poorer prognosis, with a growth of the mortality rate up to 30%. The primary strategy for managing PFCs is a minimally invasive step-up approach, with endosonography-guided transmural drainage and debridement as the preferred and less invasive method. Percutaneous drainage (PCD) can be the technique of choice when endoscopic drainage is not feasible, for example for early PFCs without a mature wall or for the anatomic location and extension to the paracolic gutter of the collection. As PCD alone may be ineffective, especially when a great amount of necrosis is present, a percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN) has been proposed, showing interesting results. The technique consists of the placement of an esophageal fully or partially covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) percutaneously into the collection and a direct debridement can be performed using a flexible endoscope through the SEMS. In this review, we will discuss about the role of metal stent and PEN for the management of complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Binda
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Barbara Perini
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy -
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Coluccio
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Fabbri
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Giulia Gibiino
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vizzuso
- Unit of Radiology, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Emanuela Giampalma
- Unit of Radiology, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
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Binda C, Fabbri S, Perini B, Boschetti M, Coluccio C, Giuffrida P, Gibiino G, Petraroli C, Fabbri C. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections: Not All Queries Are Already Solved. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:333. [PMID: 38399620 PMCID: PMC10890047 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) are well-known complications of acute pancreatitis. The overinfection of these collections leads to a worsening of the prognosis with an increase in the morbidity and mortality rate. The primary strategy for managing infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) or symptomatic PFCs is a minimally invasive step-up approach, with endosonography-guided (EUS-guided) transmural drainage and debridement as the preferred and less invasive method. Different stents are available to drain PFCs: self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs), double pigtail stents (DPPSs), or lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs). In particular, LAMSs are useful when direct endoscopic necrosectomy is needed, as they allow easy access to the necrotic cavity; however, the rate of adverse events is not negligible, and to date, the superiority over DPPSs is still debated. Moreover, the timing for necrosectomy, the drainage technique, and the concurrent medical management are still debated. In this review, we focus attention on indications, timing, techniques, complications, and particularly on aspects that remain under debate concerning the EUS-guided drainage of PFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Binda
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Stefano Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Barbara Perini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda ULSS 5, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Martina Boschetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Coluccio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giulia Gibiino
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Chiara Petraroli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì, Italy
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Olsen GA, Schmidt PN, Novovic S, Hansen EF, Karstensen JG. Novel powered 5.0-mm endoscopic debridement catheter for endoscopic transmural necrosectomy of pancreatic walled-off necrosis: a case series of consecutive patients from a tertiary referral center (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 99:267-270. [PMID: 37865281 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS EUS-guided drainage and, if required, endoscopic necrosectomy (EN) has become the criterion standard for the treatment of pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON). A dedicated powered endoscopic debridement system, the EndoRotor (Interscope Inc, Northbridge, Mass, USA), has been introduced as an alternative to snare necrosectomy. This study evaluates the novel EndoRotor catheter, NecroMax 6.0 (Interscope Inc, Whitinsville, Mass, USA), for EN in patients with WON. METHODS This single-center retrospective case series included consecutive patients with WON treated with the NecroMax 6.0 catheter. Safety, ability to perform EN, and clinical resolution were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty patients underwent 30 EN procedures with the NecroMax 6.0 catheter. One suspected device-related adverse event was observed (3.3%). In 1 procedure, EN could not be performed because of excessive bending of the endoscope. Eighteen patients (90.0%) achieved clinical resolution. CONCLUSIONS EN with the NecroMax 6.0 catheter was technically feasible in 96.7% of patients with a low rate of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Aabye Olsen
- Pancreatitis Centre East, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Nordblad Schmidt
- Pancreatitis Centre East, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Srdan Novovic
- Pancreatitis Centre East, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Feldager Hansen
- Pancreatitis Centre East, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Gásdal Karstensen
- Pancreatitis Centre East, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tian Y, Yin C, Ma Y, Fu G, Liu R, Ran H, Pan T, Xiao Y, Wen X. Lumen-apposing metal stents versus traditional self-expanding metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:586-596. [PMID: 38151677 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic drainage has become the preferred treatment for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). There is still a lack of reliable evidence to prove which metal stent is the best choice for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of PFCs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) compared to traditional self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) in meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to July 15, 2023. Relevant publications that compared LAMS with traditional SEMS for drainage of patients' PFCs under EUS-guidance were included. This meta-analysis assessed endpoints using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 statistical software. RESULT Nine citations comprising 707 patients with PFCs were included. The clinical success rate of LAMS tended to be higher than that of SEMS (RR = 1.07, 95%CI [1.00, 1.15], P = 0.05). LAMS had a lower technical success rate (RR = 0.97, 95%CI [0.94, 0.99], P = 0.02) and faster procedure time (minutes) (MD = - 24.29, 95%CI [- 25.59, - 22.99], P < 0.00001) compared to SEMS. In addition, LAMS had fewer overall adverse events (RR = 0.64, 95%CI [0.48, 0.87], P = 0.004). For specific adverse events, LAMS had fewer migration (RR = 0.37, 95%CI [0.19, 0.72], P = 0.003), occlusion (RR = 0.43, 95%CI [0.22, 0.82], P = 0.01) and infection (RR = 0.38, 95%CI [0.20, 0.70], P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in bleeding and perforation between the two stents. For hospital stay (days), LAMS group was similar to SEMS group (MD = - 3.34, 95%CI [- 7.71, - 1.03], P = 0.13). Regarding recurrence, LAMS group was fewer than SEMS group (RR = 0.41, 95%CI [0.21, 0.78], P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Compared to traditional SEMS, LAMS has a higher clinical success rate, faster procedure time, fewer adverse events, similar hospital stay and lower recurrence rate in EUS-guided drainage of PFCs. LAMS is a good choice with a high technical success rate over 95%, and using a shorter length or "one-step" operation can further improve it. Richer placement experience is required for LAMS placement under EUS-guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changjie Yin
- People's Liberation Army, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guochuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Binda C, Coluccio C, Vizzuso A, Sartini A, Sbrancia M, Cucchetti A, Giampalma E, Fabbri S, Ercolani G, Fabbri C. Direct Endoscopic Necrosectomy of a Recurrent Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis at High Risk for Severe Bleeding: A Hybrid Technique Using a Dedicated Device. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2321. [PMID: 37510064 PMCID: PMC10378507 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) is a challenging procedure for the debridement of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN), which may be complicated by several adverse events, primarily bleeding which may require radiological embolization or even surgery. The lack of dedicated devices for this purpose largely affects the possibility of safely performing DEN which increases the risk of complications. We present the case of a 63 years-old man who underwent an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of a WOPN, and who was readmitted one month after stent removal with clinical, endoscopic, and radiological signs of infected necrosis involving the splenic artery. A second EUS-guided drainage was performed, with clear visualization of the arterial vessel in the midst of a large amount of solid necrosis. Due to the high risk of major bleeding during DEN, a hybrid procedure in the angiographic room was performed, in order to identify and avoid, under fluoroscopic control, the splenic artery during the entire procedure guide, which was successfully performed using the EndoRotor system. We hereby review the current literature regarding DEN using the EndoRotor system. The case reported, with a literature overview, may help the management of these patients affected by benign but life-threatening conditions which involve a multidisciplinary setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Binda
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Chiara Coluccio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Antonio Vizzuso
- Radiology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Monica Sbrancia
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Emanuela Giampalma
- Radiology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Stefano Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
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Mony S, Shrigiriwar A, Khashab MA. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy using the novel 5-mm powered endoscopic debridement device: The larger winner? VIDEOGIE : AN OFFICIAL VIDEO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 2023; 8:283-285. [PMID: 37456220 PMCID: PMC10339116 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Video 1Direct endoscopic necrosectomy using the novel 5-mm powered endoscopic debridement device for walled-off pancreatic necrosis, following endoscopic cystogastrostomy with lumen-apposing metal stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mony
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Apurva Shrigiriwar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mouen A Khashab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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7
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Dayyeh BKA, Chandrasekhara V, Shah RJ, Easler JJ, Storm AC, Topazian M, Levy MJ, Martin JA, Petersen BT, Takahashi N, Edmundowicz S, Hammad H, Wagh MS, Wani S, DeWitt J, Bick B, Gromski M, Al Haddad M, Sherman S, Merchant AA, Peetermans JA, Gjata O, McMullen E, Willingham FF. Combined Drainage and Protocolized Necrosectomy Through a Coaxial Lumen-apposing Metal Stent for Pancreatic Walled-off Necrosis: A Prospective Multicenter Trial. Ann Surg 2023; 277:e1072-e1080. [PMID: 35129503 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated a protocolized endoscopic necrosectomy approach with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) in patients with large symptomatic walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) comprising significant necrotic content, with or without infection. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Randomized trials have shown similar efficacy of endoscopic treatment compared with surgery for infected WON. DESIGN We conducted a regulatory, prospective, multicenter single-arm clinical trial examining the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound -guided LAMS with protocolized necrosectomy to treat symptomatic WON ≥6 cm in diameter with >30% solid necrosis. After LAMS placement, protocolized WON assessment was conducted and endoscopic necrosectomy was performed for insufficient WON size reduction and persistent symptoms. Patients with radiographic WON resolution to ≤ 3 cm and/or 60-day LAMS indwell had LAMS removal, then 6-month follow-up. Primary endpoints were probability of radiographic resolution by 60 days and procedure-related serious adverse events. RESULTS Forty consecutive patients were enrolled September 2018 to March 2020, of whom 27 (67.5%) were inpatients and 19 (47.5%) had clinical evidence of infection at their index procedure. Mean WON size was 15.0 ± 5.6 cm with mean 53.2% ± 16.7% solid necrosis. Radiographic WON resolution was seen in 97.5% (95% CI, 86.8%, 99.9%) by 60 days, without recurrence in 34 patients with 6-month follow-up data. Mean time to radiographic WON resolution was 34.1 ± 16.8 days. Serious adverse events occurred in 3 patients (7.5%), including sepsis, vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia and shock, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. There were no procedure-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage with protocolized endoscopic necrosectomy to treat large symptomatic or infected walled-off necrotic pancreatic collections was highly effective and safe. Clinicaltrials.-gov no: NCT03525808.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raj J Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeffrey J Easler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, indiana University School of Medicine, indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrew C Storm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark Topazian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael J Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John A Martin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bret T Petersen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven Edmundowicz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hazem Hammad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mihir S Wagh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - John DeWitt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Benjamin Bick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mark Gromski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, indiana University School of Medicine, indianapolis, IN
| | - Mohammad Al Haddad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, indiana University School of Medicine, indianapolis, IN
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, indiana University School of Medicine, indianapolis, IN
| | - Ambreen A Merchant
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | | | - Ornela Gjata
- Endoscopy Division, Boston Scientific Corporation, Marl-borough, MA
| | - Edmund McMullen
- Endoscopy Division, Boston Scientific Corporation, Marl-borough, MA
| | - Field F Willingham
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
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Ramai D, Morgan AD, Gkolfakis P, Facciorusso A, Chandan S, Papaefthymiou A, Morris J, Arvanitakis M, Adler DG. Endoscopic management of pancreatic walled-off necrosis. Ann Gastroenterol 2023; 36:123-131. [PMID: 36864934 PMCID: PMC9932860 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2023.0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) is a complication of severe pancreatitis. Endoscopic transmural drainage has been recognized as the first-line treatment for pancreatic fluid collections. Endoscopy offers a minimally invasive approach when compared to surgical drainage. Today, endoscopists may choose to use self-expanding metal stents, pigtail stents, or lumen-apposing metal stents to facilitate drainage of fluid collections. Current data suggest that all 3 approaches yield similar outcomes. It was previously thought that drainage should be performed 4 weeks from the initial event of pancreatitis, theoretically allowing the capsule to mature. However, current data show that both early (<4 weeks) and standard (≥4 weeks) endoscopic drainage are comparable. Herein, we provide an up-to-date state-of-the-art review of the indications, techniques, innovations, outcomes, and future perspectives following drainage of pancreatic WON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Ramai
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (Daryl Ramai, John Morris)
| | | | - Paraskevas Gkolfakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium (Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Marianna Arvanitakis)
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (Antonio Facciorusso)
| | - Saurabh Chandan
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA (Saurabh Chandan)
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Pancreaticobiliary Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), London, UK (Apostolis Papaefthymiou)
| | - John Morris
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (Daryl Ramai, John Morris)
| | - Marianna Arvanitakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium (Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Marianna Arvanitakis)
| | - Douglas G. Adler
- Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy (CATE), Porter Adventist Hospital/PEAK Gastroenterology, Denver, Colorado, USA (Douglas G. Adler)
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9
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Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Surg Open Sci 2022; 11:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Mohamadnejad M, Anushiravani A, Kasaeian A, Sorouri M, Djalalinia S, Kazemzadeh Houjaghan A, Gaidhane M, Kahaleh M. Endoscopic or surgical treatment for necrotizing pancreatitis: Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 2022; 10:E420-E428. [PMID: 35433210 PMCID: PMC9010078 DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-9229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis is changed over the past two decades with the availability of endoscopic, and minimally invasive surgical approaches. The aim of this systematic review was to assess outcomes of endoscopic drainage, and different types of surgical drainage approaches in necrotizing pancreatitis. Methods Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 1998 to 2020 to assess outcomes in endoscopic drainage and various surgical drainage procedures. The assessed variables consisted of mortality, development of pancreatic or enteric fistula, new onset diabetes mellitus, and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Results One hundred seventy studies comprising 11,807 patients were included in the final analysis. The pooled mortality rate was 22 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 19%-26 %) in the open surgery (OS), 8 % (95 %CI:5 %-11 %) in minimally invasive surgery (MIS), 13 % (95 %CI: 9 %-18 %) in step-up approach, and 3 % (95 %CI:2 %-4 %) in the endoscopic drainage (ED). The pooled rate of fistula formation was 35 % (95 %CI:28 %-41 %) in the OS, 17 % (95 %CI: 12%-23 %) in MIS, 17 % (95 %CI: 9 %-27 %) in step-up approach, and 2 % (95 %CI: 0 %-4 %) in ED. There were 17 comparative studies comparing various surgical drainage methods with ED. The mortality rate was significantly lower in ED compared to OS (risk ratio [RR]: 30; 95 %CI: 0.20-0.45), and compared to MIS (RR: 0.40; 95 %CI: 0.26-0.6). Also, the rate of fistula formation was lower in ED compared to all other surgical drainage approaches. Conclusions This systematic review demonstrated lower rate of fistula formation with ED compared to various surgical drainage methods. A lower rate of mortality with ED was also observed in observational studies. PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020139354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohamadnejad
- Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Anushiravani
- Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Sorouri
- Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Kazemzadeh Houjaghan
- Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monica Gaidhane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Michel Kahaleh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
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11
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Stassen PMC, de Jonge PJF, Bruno MJ, Koch AD, Trindade AJ, Benias PC, Sejpal DV, Siddiqui UD, Chapman CG, Villa E, Tharian B, Inamdar S, Hwang JH, Barakat MT, Andalib I, Gaidhane M, Sarkar A, Shahid H, Tyberg A, Binmoeller K, Watson RR, Nett A, Schlag C, Abdelhafez M, Friedrich-Rust M, Schlachterman A, Chiang AL, Loren D, Kowalski T, Kahaleh M. Safety and efficacy of a novel resection system for direct endoscopic necrosectomy of walled-off pancreas necrosis: a prospective, international, multicenter trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:471-479. [PMID: 34562471 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) lacks dedicated instruments and requires repetitive and cumbersome procedures. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new powered endoscopic debridement (PED) system designed to simultaneously resect and remove solid debris within WOPN. METHODS This was a single-arm, prospective, multicenter, international device trial conducted from November 2018 to August 2019 at 10 sites. Patients with WOPN ≥6 cm and ≤22 cm and with >30% solid debris were enrolled. The primary endpoint was safety through 21 days after the last DEN procedure. Efficacy outcomes included clearance of necrosis, procedural time, adequacy of debridement, number of procedures until resolution, hospital stay duration, and quality of life. RESULTS Thirty patients (mean age, 55 years; 60% men) underwent DEN with no device-related adverse events. Of 30 patients, 15 (50%) achieved complete debridement in 1 session and 20 (67%) achieved complete debridement within 2 or fewer sessions. A median of 1.5 interventions (range, 1-7) were required. Median hospital stay was 10 days (interquartile range, 22). There was an overall reduction of 91% in percent necrosis within WOPN from baseline to follow-up and 85% in collection volume. Baseline WOPN volume was positively correlated with the total number of interventions (ρ = .363, P = .049). CONCLUSIONS The new PED system seems to be a safe and effective treatment tool for WOPN, resulting in fewer interventions and lower hospital duration when compared with published data on using conventional instruments. Randomized controlled trials comparing the PED system with conventional DEN are needed. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03694210.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M C Stassen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jan F de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjun D Koch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind J Trindade
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Petros C Benias
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Divyesh V Sejpal
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Uzma D Siddiqui
- The Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics (CERT), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher G Chapman
- The Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics (CERT), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward Villa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin Tharian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sumant Inamdar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Joo Ha Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monique T Barakat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Iman Andalib
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Monica Gaidhane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Avik Sarkar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Haroon Shahid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amy Tyberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kenneth Binmoeller
- Interventional Endoscopy Services, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rabindra R Watson
- Interventional Endoscopy Services, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Nett
- Interventional Endoscopy Services, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christoph Schlag
- Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abdelhafez
- Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mireen Friedrich-Rust
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Schlachterman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Austin L Chiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Loren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Kowalski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michel Kahaleh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Fedorov AV, Ektov VN, Khodorkovsky MA. [Endoscopic transluminal interventions in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2021:85-92. [PMID: 34480460 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to endoscopic transluminal interventions in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Terminology, indications and options for transluminal drainage procedures and endoscopic sequestrectomy are presented in detail. The authors analyzed the results of numerous studies devoted to effectiveness of endoscopic interventions and possible combination of treatment options. Modern international clinical guidelines indicating the feasibility of endoscopic treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in multi-field specialized centers are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Fedorov
- Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Ektov
- Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
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13
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Binda C, Coluccio C, Sbrancia M, Fabbri C. Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the management of peripancreatic collections. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:162-176. [PMID: 33988009 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic fluid collections are surrounded by a wall of granulation tissue and may contain necrotic debris. They occur following a severe acute pancreatitis and most of the cases resolve spontaneously after several weeks. However, their management may lead to a very hardto-treat condition, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. During the last decades we assisted to a change of paradigm involving Endoscopic Ultrasonography, from a pure diagnostic technique to an interventional-therapeutic one, allowing an effective, safe and less invasive approach than other existing treatment standards, historically consisting of surgical and percutaneous drainage. Treatment of pancreatic fluid collections is indicated if they become infected or symptomatic. Over the past years, exponential developments were done in interventional endoscopic approach, making it the first line suggested modality. The use of endoscopic ultrasound allows assessment of the collection, even when it is not directly bulging on gastrointestinal wall, creation of an internal fistulous tract, checking for surrounding vessels with the use of Doppler, and deployment of a stent avoiding the discomfort of external tubes. Several types of stent have been used for endoscopic drainage: plastic double pigtail stents, fully covered self-expanding metal stents and, more recently, lumen apposing metal stents, which are considered revolutionary because of their two-side flanges and wide and short internal channel, a new design that made easier direct endoscopic necrosectomy. This review aims to go through currently available literature on the diagnostic and therapeutic role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography to handle pancreatic fluid collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Binda
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Coluccio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy -
| | - Monica Sbrancia
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
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14
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Shah R, Basha J, Rana S, Jagannath S, Rai P, Chowdhury SD, Sharma ZD, Gunjan D, Patle S, Rao AC, Zacharia P, Sanjeevi R, Sahu M, Philip M, Garg P, Puri R, Reddy DN, Lakhthakia S, Dhir V. Endoscopic Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections: Guidelines of Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India and Indian EUS Club. JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive and Liver Care, SL Raheja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jahangeer Basha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Surinder Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Soumya Jagannath
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveer Rai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Zubin Dev Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Patle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - A Chalapathi Rao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iconkrishi Institute of Medical Sciences, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Zacharia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rajesh Sanjeevi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoj Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Matthew Philip
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Pramod Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Vinay Dhir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive and Liver Care, SL Raheja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Basha J, Lakhtakia S, Nabi Z, Pal P, Chavan R, Talukdar R, Ramchandani M, Gupta R, Kalapala R, Venkat Rao G, Reddy DN. Impact of disconnected pancreatic duct on recurrence of fluid collections and new-onset diabetes: do we finally have an answer? Gut 2021; 70:447-449. [PMID: 32816965 PMCID: PMC7873421 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangeer Basha
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sundeep Lakhtakia
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Zaheer Nabi
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Partha Pal
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Radhika Chavan
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rupjyoti Talukdar
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohan Ramchandani
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh Kalapala
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G Venkat Rao
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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16
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Gulati R, Rustagi T. Endoscopic removal and replacement of the same lumen-apposing metal stent for multiple endoscopic necrosectomy sessions. Endoscopy 2021; 53:71-74. [PMID: 32485748 DOI: 10.1055/a-1192-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of removal and replacement of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) to facilitate direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN). METHODS Endoscopic ultrasound-guided LAMS placement for walled-off necrosis (WON) was performed. During subsequent endoscopy, the LAMS was removed, DEN was performed, and the same LAMS was redeployed across the transmural tract. RESULTS 140 LAMS were placed for drainage (43 pseudocysts, 97 WON) from 10/1/2016 to 11/15/2019, and 40 patients (mean age 43.9 [SD 15.4] years; 70 % males; mean WON size 10.9 [SD 4.9] × 8.7 [SD 3.8] cm) underwent removal and replacement of the same LAMS for multiple DEN sessions. LAMS was successfully replaced across the transmural tract during all 81 DEN sessions. Complete resolution was achieved after a median of 2 DEN sessions (range 1-7; mean 2.4 [SD 1.5]), with stent retrieval after a mean of 64.1 (SD 31.6) days after initial placement. No stent damage, tissue ingrowth, or major bleeding occurred. CONCLUSIONS Removal and replacement of LAMS during multiple necrosectomies is feasible, safe, and facilitates DEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Gulati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Tarun Rustagi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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17
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Shah J. To keep or not to keep the lumen-apposing metal stent during endoscopic necrosectomy? Endoscopy 2021; 53:75-76. [PMID: 33333571 DOI: 10.1055/a-1243-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janak Shah
- Gastroenterology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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18
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Gupta R, Singh A, Ammar H. A Case of Incidental Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Patient With Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis. Cureus 2020; 12:e10681. [PMID: 33133847 PMCID: PMC7593124 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a common clinical disorder of the pancreas that can present with walled-abdominal pain and vomiting. We report a case of a 45-year-old man with alcohol-related acute pancreatitis who developed a large walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Incidentally, the patient had a small gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the adjoining wall of the stomach that was missed on preoperative radiological imaging. A small submucosal lesion was detected during cystogastrostomy and was excised. The diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor was confirmed on histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gupta
- Gastroenterology, Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, IND
| | - Arvind Singh
- Gastroenterology, Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, IND
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19
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Basha J, Lakhtakia S, Nabi Z, Pal P, Chavan R, Talukdar R, Ramchandani M, Gupta R, Kalapala R, Venkat Rao G, Reddy DN. Impact of disconnected pancreatic duct on recurrence of fluid collections and new-onset diabetes: do we finally have an answer? Gut 2020. [PMID: 32816965 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl–2020–321773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangeer Basha
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sundeep Lakhtakia
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Zaheer Nabi
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Partha Pal
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Radhika Chavan
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rupjyoti Talukdar
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohan Ramchandani
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh Kalapala
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G Venkat Rao
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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20
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Haney CM, Kowalewski KF, Schmidt MW, Koschny R, Felinska EA, Kalkum E, Probst P, Diener MK, Müller-Stich BP, Hackert T, Nickel F. Endoscopic versus surgical treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Surg Endosc 2020; 34:2429-2444. [PMID: 32112252 PMCID: PMC7214487 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of endoscopic and surgical treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) based on results of randomized controlled trials (RCT). BACKGROUND Treatment of INP has changed in the last two decades with adoption of interventional, endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical procedures for drainage and necrosectomy. However, this relies mostly on observational studies. METHODS We performed a systematic review following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines and AMSTAR-2 criteria and searched CENTRAL, Medline and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trails that compared an endoscopic treatment to a surgical treatment for patients with infected walled-off necrosis and included one of the main outcomes were eligible for inclusion. The main outcomes were mortality and new onset multiple organ failure. Prospero registration ID: CRD42019126033 RESULTS: Three RCTs with 190 patients were included. Intention to treat analysis showed no difference in mortality. However, patients in the endoscopic group had statistically significant lower odds of experiencing new onset multiple organ failure (odds ratio (OR) confidence interval [CI] 0.31 [0.10, 0.98]) and were statistically less likely to suffer from perforations of visceral organs or enterocutaneous fistulae (OR [CI] 0.31 [0.10, 0.93]), and pancreatic fistulae (OR [CI] 0.09 [0.03, 0.28]). Patients with endoscopic treatment had a statistically significant lower mean hospital stay (Mean difference [CI] - 7.86 days [- 14.49, - 1.22]). No differences in bleeding requiring intervention, incisional hernia, exocrine or endocrine insufficiency or ICU stay were apparent. Overall certainty of evidence was moderate. CONCLUSION There seem to be possible benefits of endoscopic treatment procedure. Given the heterogenous procedures in the surgical group as well as the low amount of randomized evidence, further studies are needed to evaluate the combination of different approaches and appropriate timepoints for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Haney
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K F Kowalewski
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M W Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Koschny
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E A Felinska
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kalkum
- The Study Center of the German Surgical Society (SDGC), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Probst
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- The Study Center of the German Surgical Society (SDGC), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Diener
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- The Study Center of the German Surgical Society (SDGC), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B P Müller-Stich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Nickel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zhou Y, Gao ZQ, Zhang XS. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic vs surgical management of necrotizing pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:285-295. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i8.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopy and surgery are the two major invasive interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis. However, studies comparing their efficacy and safety are lacking.
AIM To systemically compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic and surgical interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis.
METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database, and Sino Med were searched to identify all randomized control trials (RCT) and cohort studies comparing the efficacy and safety of endoscopic vs surgical management of necrotizing pancreatitis from January 2000 to June 2019. Revman 5.3 was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS A total of eight studies were included, with three RCT and five cohort studies. The total number of patients involved was 366, with 167 in the endoscopy group and 199 in the surgery group. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups in clinical remission (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-2.92, P = 0.52), primary composite endpoint (relative risk [RR] = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.17-1.27, P = 0.14), or mortality (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.37-1.56, P = 0.52). Compared to surgery, endoscopic therapy significantly reduced the rates of postoperative complications including new-onset organ failure (OR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.18-0.90, P = 0.03), enterocutaneous fistula or perforation of a visceral organ (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.23-0.91, P = 0.02), and pancreatic fistula (OR = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.03-0.24, P < 0.00001).
CONCLUSION Endoscopic treatment, as compared to surgery, significantly reduces complications in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC), including pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis, are a known complication of severe acute pancreatitis. A majority of the PFCs remain asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. However, some PFCs persist and can become symptomatic. Persistent PFCs can also cause further complications such as the gastric outlet, intestinal, or biliary obstruction and infection. Surgical interventions are indicated for the drainage of symptomatic sterile and infected PFCs. Management of PFCs has evolved from a primarily surgical or percutaneous approach to a less invasive endoscopic approach. Endoscopic interventions are associated with improved outcomes with lesser chances of complications, faster recovery time, and lower healthcare utilization. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of PFCs using lumen-apposing metal stents has become the preferred approach for the management of symptomatic and complicated PFCs.
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van der Wiel SE, May A, Poley JW, Grubben MJAL, Wetzka J, Bruno MJ, Koch AD. Preliminary report on the safety and utility of a novel automated mechanical endoscopic tissue resection tool for endoscopic necrosectomy: a case series. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E274-E280. [PMID: 32118101 PMCID: PMC7035027 DOI: 10.1055/a-1079-5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic drainage of walled-off necrosis and subsequent endoscopic necrosectomy has been shown to be an effective step-up management strategy in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. One of the limitations of this endoscopic approach however, is the lack of dedicated and effective instruments to remove necrotic tissue. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome of the EndoRotor, a novel automated mechanical endoscopic tissue resection tool, in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Methods Patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis in need of endoscopic necrosectomy after initial cystogastroscopy, were treated using the EndoRotor. Procedures were performed under conscious or propofol sedation by six experienced endoscopists. Technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes were evaluated and scored. Operator experience was assessed by a short questionnaire. Results Twelve patients with a median age of 60.6 years, underwent a total of 27 procedures for removal of infected pancreatic necrosis using the EndoRotor. Of these, nine patients were treated de novo. Three patients had already undergone unsuccessful endoscopic necrosectomy procedures using conventional tools. The mean size of the walled-off cavities was 117.5 ± 51.9 mm. An average of two procedures (range 1 - 7) per patient was required to achieve complete removal of necrotic tissue with the EndoRotor. No procedure-related adverse events occurred. Endoscopists deemed the device to be easy to use and effective for safe and controlled removal of the necrosis. Conclusions Initial experience with the EndoRotor suggests that this device can safely, rapidly, and effectively remove necrotic tissue in patients with (infected) walled-off pancreatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. van der Wiel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - J. W. Poley
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. A. L. Grubben
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Wetzka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - M. J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. D. Koch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yamada R, Umeda Y, Shiono Y, Okuse H, Kuroda N, Tsuboi J, Inoue H, Hamada Y, Tanaka K, Horiki N, Takei Y. Management of the late effects of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1053-1059. [PMID: 31123678 PMCID: PMC6511923 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i9.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few reports about the late effects of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS). Although few reports have described the recurrence interval of pancreatitis, it might be rare for recurrence to occur more than 5 years later. Herein, we describe a case of recurrence in an 81-year-old man after the treatment of walled-off necrosis (WON) with pancreatic transection 7 years ago.
CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man visited our hospital with chief complaints of fever and abdominal pain 7 years after the onset of WON due to severe necrotic pancreatitis. His medical history included an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed that the pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) had spread to the aorta with inflammation surrounding it, and CT findings suggested that bleeding occurred from the vasodilation due to splenic vein occlusion. First, we attempted to perform transpapillary drainage because of venous dilation around the residual stomach and the PFC. However, pancreatic duct drainage failed because of complete main pancreatic duct disruption. Second, we performed endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage. After transmural drainage, the inflammation improved and stenting for the AAA was performed successfully. The inflammation was resolved, and he has been free from infection for more than 2 years after the procedure.
CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of continued follow-up of patients for recurrence after the treatment of WON with pancreatic transection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasunori Shiono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okuse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Tsuboi
- Department of Endoscopy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hamada
- Department of Endoscopy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiki
- Department of Endoscopy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Trikudanathan G, Wolbrink DRJ, van Santvoort HC, Mallery S, Freeman M, Besselink MG. Current Concepts in Severe Acute and Necrotizing Pancreatitis: An Evidence-Based Approach. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1994-2007.e3. [PMID: 30776347 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of acute pancreatitis continues to rise, inducing substantial medical and social burden, with annual costs exceeding $2 billion in the United States alone. Although most patients develop mild pancreatitis, 20% develop severe and/or necrotizing pancreatitis, requiring advanced medical and interventional care. Morbidity resulting from local and systemic complications as well as invasive interventions result in mortality rates historically as high as 30%. There has been substantial evolution of strategies for interventions in recent years, from open surgery to minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic step-up approaches. In contrast to the advances in invasive procedures for complications, early management still lacks curative options and consists of adequate fluid resuscitation, analgesics, and monitoring. Many challenges remain, including comprehensive management of the entire spectrum of the disease, which requires close involvement of multiple disciplines at specialized centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Trikudanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | | | - Hjalmar C van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, the University Medical Center Utrecht and the St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Shawn Mallery
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martin Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Rashid MU, Hussain I, Jehanzeb S, Ullah W, Ali S, Jain AG, Khetpal N, Ahmad S. Pancreatic necrosis: Complications and changing trend of treatment. World J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 11:198-217. [PMID: 31123558 PMCID: PMC6513789 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v11.i4.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of acute pancreatitis seems to be increasing in the Western countries and has been associated with significantly increased morbidity. Nearly 80% of the patients with acute pancreatitis undergo resolution; some develop complications including pancreatic necrosis. Infection of pancreatic necrosis is the leading cause of death in these patients. A significant portion of these patients needs surgical interventions. Traditionally, the “gold standard” procedure has been the open surgical necrosectomy, which is now being completed by the relatively lesser invasive interventions. Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures include endoscopic drainage, percutaneous image-guided catheter drainage, and retroperitoneal drainage. This review article discusses the open and MIS interventions for pancreatic necrosis with each having its own respective benefits and disadvantages are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoon Ur Rashid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Ishtiaq Hussain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL 33326, United States
| | - Sundas Jehanzeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL 33326, United States
| | - Waqas Ullah
- Internal Medicine, Abington Hospital, Abington, PA 19001, United States
| | - Saeed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Akriti Gupta Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Neelam Khetpal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Advent Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
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27
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Endoscopic Transgastric Versus Surgical Approach for Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2019; 29:141-149. [PMID: 30676541 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical approach (SA) is the standard treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) and endoscopic transgastric approach (ETA) is a promising alternative treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of ETA versus SA in INP. Several databases were systematically searched for eligible studies that compared ETA with SA for INP. Predefined criteria were used for study selection. Three reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias. Primary outcomes included clinical resolution rate, short-term mortality, major complications, and hospital stay. Study-specific effect sizes and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were combined to calculate the pooled value using fixed-effects or random-effects model. Six studies were included with 295 patients. Major complication rate [odds ratio (OR), 0.13; 95% CI, 0.06-0.29], new-onset organ failure rate (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12-0.54), postoperative pancreatic fistula rate (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.28), and incisional hernia rate (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.85) were lower in the ETA group. There was a shorter hospital stay (mean difference, -17.72; 95% CI, -21.30 to -14.13) in the ETA group. No differences were found in clinical resolution, short-term mortality, postoperative bleeding, perforation of visceral organ, and endocrine or exocrine insufficiency. Compared with SA, ETA showed comparable effectiveness and safety for the treatment of INP based on current evidence.
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28
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Jha AK, Goenka MK, Kumar R, Suchismita A. Endotherapy for pancreatic necrosis: An update. JGH OPEN 2018; 3:80-88. [PMID: 30834345 PMCID: PMC6386747 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop pancreatic necrosis. The presence of necrosis in a pancreatic collection significantly worsens the prognosis. Pancreatic necrosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. In the last few decades, there has been a significant revolution in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. A step‐up approach has been proposed, from less invasive procedures to the operative intervention. Minimally invasive treatment modalities such as endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy, percutaneous drainage, and minimally invasive surgery have recently replaced open surgical necrosectomy as the first‐line treatment option. Endoscopic intervention for pancreatic necrosis is being increasingly performed with good success and a lower complication rate. However, techniques of endotherapy are still not uniform and vary as per local expertise, and there are still many unresolved questions with regard to the interventions in patients with pancreatic necrosis. The objective of this paper is to critically review the literature and update the concepts of endoscopic interventional therapy of pancreatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Jha
- Department of Gastroenterology Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences Patna India
| | - Mahesh K Goenka
- Department of Gastrosciences, Institute of Gastrosciences, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital Kolkata India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna India
| | - Arya Suchismita
- Department of Pediatrics Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences Patna India
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29
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Imaging of endoscopic cystogastrostomy in pancreatic walled-off necrosis: what the radiologist needs to know. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:3043-3053. [PMID: 29619526 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a frequent entity encountered by radiologists. In 2012, the Atlanta criteria were revised to help radiologists use a common nomenclature when describing acute pancreatitis and its complications. One delayed complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in walled-off necrosis, a collection seen at least 4 weeks after an episode of acute pancreatic necrosis and/or acute peripancreatic necrosis. Multiple treatments have been adapted in the setting of walled-off necrosis, including endoscopic cystogastrostomy. The focus of this article is to familiarize the radiologist with the imaging appearance of this procedure as well as, review the outcomes and potential complications of endoscopic cystogastrostomy.
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30
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Makris GC, See T, Winterbottom A, Jah A, Shaida N. Minimally invasive pancreatic necrosectomy; a technical pictorial review. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2017; 91:20170435. [PMID: 29099617 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing pancreatitis is the most severe form of acute pancreatitis, which is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Open necrosectomy has been one of the treatment modalities; however, it has been associated with high mortality rates and alternative minimally invasive procedures such as minimal invasive pancreatic necrosectomy (MIPN) were developed to improve on the outcomes. While current clinical evidence on MIPN showed significant advantages in terms of incidence of multiple organ failure, incisional hernias and new-onset diabetes there were no differences in terms of mortality rate. In this pictorial review we are presenting the technical details of MIPN as a minimally invasive procedure for the debridement of the necrotic pancreatic tissue and we will discuss the current evidence around the use of this procedure for the management of pancreatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Makris
- 1 Department of Interventional Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals , Oxford , UK.,2 Department of Infectious diseases, Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Athens , Greece
| | - Teikchoon See
- 3 Department of Interventional Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals , Cambridge , UK
| | - Andrew Winterbottom
- 3 Department of Interventional Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals , Cambridge , UK
| | - Asif Jah
- 4 Surgical Division, Cambridge University Hospital , Cambridge , UK
| | - Nadeem Shaida
- 3 Department of Interventional Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals , Cambridge , UK
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31
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Law R, Baron TH. Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Drainage of Pancreatic Collections, Including the Role of Necrosectomy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2017; 27:715-726. [PMID: 28918807 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the management of symptoms of pancreatic fluid collections has shifted from surgical and percutaneous interventions to endoscopic techniques. Available data show that endoscopic drainage can be achieved with minimal morbidity and procedural-related mortality, a high degree of technical and clinical success, and acceptable risk of adverse events. Although endoscopic management of walled-off necrosis provides a durable, minimally invasive treatment option, it is still generally performed only in tertiary care medical centers because of the overall complexity of this clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Law
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5362, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5362, USA
| | - Todd H Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Road, CB 7080, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-0001, USA.
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Nemoto Y, Attam R, Arain MA, Trikudanathan G, Mallery S, Beilman GJ, Freeman ML. Interventions for walled off necrosis using an algorithm based endoscopic step-up approach: Outcomes in a large cohort of patients. Pancreatology 2017; 17:663-668. [PMID: 28803859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The minimally invasive step-up approach for treatment of walled off necrosis (WON) involves drainage followed by later necrosectomy as needed, and is superior to primary surgical necrosectomy. Reported series of endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy include highly selected patients. We report outcomes of a large series of patients with WON managed by an algorithm based on an endoscopically centered step-up approach. METHODS Consecutive patients with necrotizing pancreatitis from 2009 to 2014, with intervention only for infected or persistently symptomatic WON. The primary approach involved endoscopic transluminal drainage plus minus necrosectomy whenever feasible, with percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) plus minus sinus tract endoscopy if not feasible or sufficient. Surgery was reserved for failures of the step up approach. RESULTS Of 109 consecutive patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, intervention was required in 83, including endoscopic transluminal drainage in 73 (88%) (alone in 49 and combined with PCD in 24), and PCD alone in 10 (12%). 64 (77%) of the 83 patients required endoscopic transluminal and/or sinus tract necrosectomy. Adverse events occurred in 11 (13%). Three patients (4%) failed step up approach and required open surgical necrosectomy. All-cause mortality occurred in 6 (7%) of 83 patients after intervention, including 2 of 3 requiring surgery. CONCLUSIONS An algorithm based step-up approach for interventions in necrotizing pancreatitis using primarily endoscopic techniques with adjunctive percutaneous approaches as needed resulted in favorable outcomes with small numbers proceeding to open surgery, and with acceptable rates of major complications and mortality. A purely endoscopic transluminal approach was feasible in approximately 60% of patients requiring intervention in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Nemoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kohsei Chuo General Hospital, Japan
| | - Rajeev Attam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States; Advanced Endoscopy, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Downey, United States
| | - Mustafa A Arain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Guru Trikudanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Shawn Mallery
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States
| | | | - Martin L Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States.
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ICU Acquisition Rate, Risk Factors, and Clinical Significance of Digestive Tract Colonization With Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:705-714. [PMID: 28157141 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acquisition rate, identify risk factors, and estimate the risk for subsequent infection, associated with the colonization of the digestive tract with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae during ICU-hospitalization. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, and reference lists of all eligible articles. STUDY SELECTION Included studies provided data on ICU-acquired colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in previously noncolonized and noninfected patients and used the double disk synergy test for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae phenotypic confirmation. Studies reporting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae outbreaks or data on pediatric population were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and performed data extraction. DATA SYNTHESIS Thirteen studies (with 15,045 ICUs-patients) were evaluated using a random-effect model and a meta-regression analysis. The acquisition rate of digestive tract colonization during ICU stay was 7% (95% CI, 5-10) and it varies from 3% (95% CI, 2-4) and 4% (95% CI, 2-6) in the Americas and Europe to 21% (95% CI, 9-35) in the Western Pacific region. Previous hospitalization (risk ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.07-2.31]) or antibiotic use (risk ratio, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.15-2.37]) and exposure to beta-lactams/beta-lactamase inhibitors (risk ratio, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.24-2.56]) and carbapenems (risk ratio, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.49-3.06]) during the ICU stay were independent risk factors for ICU-acquired colonization. Importantly, colonized patients were more likely to develop an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae infection (risk ratio, 49.62 [95% CI, 20.42-120.58]). The sensitivity and specificity of prior colonization to predict subsequent extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae infection were 95.1% (95% CI, 54.7-99.7) and 89.2% (95% CI, 77.2-95.3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ICU acquisition rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae ranged from 5% to 10%. Previous use of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase or carbapenems and recent hospitalization were independent risk factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonization, and colonization was associated with significantly higher frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae subsequent infection and increased mortality.
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Alevizakos M, Karanika S, Detsis M, Mylonakis E. Colonisation with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and risk for infection among patients with solid or haematological malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:647-654. [PMID: 27746102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients are vulnerable to infections, including those with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and most of these infections are associated with colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal colonisation with ESBL-PE cancer populations and to determine the risk for subsequent bloodstream infection (BSI) with these pathogens. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 1 January 1991 to 1 March 2016 to identify studies regarding ESBL-PE colonisation among patients with malignancies. Ten studies (out of 561 non-duplicate articles) were included, providing data on 2211 patients. The pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE colonisation was 19% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8-32%]. Stratifying per region, the pooled prevalence in Europe was 15% (95% CI 10-21%), whereas in Asia the pooled prevalence was 31% (95% CI 4-69%). In addition, the pooled prevalence was 15% (95% CI 7-24%) among patients with haematological malignancy, whereas no studies were identified that included solely patients with solid tumours. Notably, cancer patients with ESBL-PE colonisation were 12.98 times (95% CI 3.91-43.06) more likely to develop a BSI with ESBL-PE during their hospitalisation compared with non-colonised patients. We found that, overall, one in five patients with cancer is colonised with ESBL-PE and the incidence can be as high as one in three in Asia. This is important because colonisation was associated with an almost 13 times higher risk for developing BSI with ESBL-PE. Screening measures should be evaluated to identify their clinical benefit in patients with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Alevizakos
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Styliani Karanika
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marios Detsis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
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Rasch S, Phillip V, Reichel S, Rau B, Zapf C, Rosendahl J, Halm U, Zachäus M, Müller M, Kleger A, Neesse A, Hampe J, Ellrichmann M, Rückert F, Strauß P, Arlt A, Ellenrieder V, Gress TM, Hartwig W, Klar E, Mössner J, Post S, Schmid RM, Seufferlein T, Siech M, Werner J, Will U, Algül H. Open Surgical versus Minimal Invasive Necrosectomy of the Pancreas-A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis of the German Pancreatitis Study Group. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163651. [PMID: 27668746 PMCID: PMC5036800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotising pancreatitis, and particularly infected necrosis, are still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Since 2011, a step-up approach with lower morbidity rates compared to initial open necrosectomy has been established. However, mortality and complication rates of this complex treatment are hardly studied thereafter. Methods The German Pancreatitis Study Group performed a multicenter, retrospective study including 220 patients with necrotising pancreatitis requiring intervention, treated at 10 hospitals in Germany between January 2008 and June 2014. Data were analysed for the primary endpoints "severe complications" and "mortality" as well as secondary endpoints including "length of hospital stay", "follow up", and predisposing or prognostic factors. Results Of all patients 13.6% were treated primarily with surgery and 86.4% underwent a step-up approach. More men (71.8%) required intervention for necrotising pancreatitis. The most frequent etiology was biliary (41.4%) followed by alcohol (29.1%). Compared to open necrosectomy, the step-up approach was associated with a lower number of severe complications (primary composite endpoint including sepsis, persistent multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and erosion bleeding: 44.7% vs. 73.3%), lower mortality (10.5% vs. 33.3%) and lower rates of diabetes mellitus type 3c (4.7% vs. 33.3%). Low hematocrit and low blood urea nitrogen at admission as well as a history of acute pancreatitis were prognostic for less complications in necrotising pancreatitis. A combination of drainage with endoscopic necrosectomy resulted in the lowest rate of severe complications. Conclusion A step-up approach starting with minimal invasive drainage techniques and endoscopic necrosectomy results in a significant reduction of morbidity and mortality in necrotising pancreatitis compared to a primarily surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rasch
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Veit Phillip
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reichel
- Department for Gastroenterology, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany
| | - Bettina Rau
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Zapf
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Halm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, HELIOS Park-Klinikum, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Zachäus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, HELIOS Park-Klinikum, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Infectiology and Metabolism, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Ellrichmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Rückert
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Strauß
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Ostalb-Klinikum Aalen, Aalen, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Infectiology and Metabolism, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hartwig
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Ernst Klar
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Post
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Marco Siech
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Ostalb-Klinikum Aalen, Aalen, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Uwe Will
- Department for Gastroenterology, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Karanika S, Paudel S, Zervou FN, Grigoras C, Zacharioudakis IM, Mylonakis E. Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infection in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 3:ofv186. [PMID: 26788544 PMCID: PMC4716350 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that ICU setting is associated with higher Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevalence than general hospital population and 25% among CDI cases in ICU develop pseudomembranous colitis. CDI also affects adversely overall hospital mortality, ICU and overall hospital stay. Background. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at higher risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Methods. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies from 1983 to 2015 using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to study the prevalence and outcomes of CDI in this patient population. Among the 9146 articles retrieved from the studies, 22 articles, which included a total of 80 835 ICU patients, were included in our final analysis. Results. The prevalence of CDI among ICU patients was 2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%–2%), and among diarrheic ICU patients the prevalence was 11% (95% CI, 6%–17%). Among CDI patients, 25% (95% CI, 5%–51%) were diagnosed with pseudomembranous colitis, and the estimated length of ICU stay before CDI acquisition was 10.74 days (95% CI, 5%–51%). The overall hospital mortality among ICU patients with CDI was 32% (95% CI, 26%–39%), compared with 24% (95% CI, 14%–36%) among those without CDI presenting a statistically significant difference in mortality risk (P = .030). It is worth noting that the length of ICU and hospital stay among CDI patients was significantly longer, compared with non-CDI patients (standardized mean of difference [SMD] = 0.49, 95% CI, .39%–.6%, P = .00 and SMD = 1.15, 95% CI, .44%–1.91%, P = .003, respectively). It is noteworthy that the morbidity score at ICU admission (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]) was not statistically different between the 2 groups (P = .911), implying that the differences in outcomes can be attributed to CDI. Conclusions. The ICU setting is associated with higher prevalence of CDI. In this setting, CDI is associated with increased hospital mortality and prolonged ICU and overall hospital stay. These findings highlight the need for additional prevention and treatment studies in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Karanika
- Infectious Diseases Division , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence
| | - Suresh Paudel
- Infectious Diseases Division , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence
| | - Fainareti N Zervou
- Infectious Diseases Division , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence
| | - Christos Grigoras
- Infectious Diseases Division , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence
| | - Ioannis M Zacharioudakis
- Infectious Diseases Division , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital , Providence
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Săftoiu A, Vilmann A, Vilmann P. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Endosc Ultrasound 2015; 4:319-23. [PMID: 26643700 PMCID: PMC4672590 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.170424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic pseudocysts are fluid collections in the peripancreatic tissues associated with acute or chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage has become an established indication, having better results as compared to percutaneous drainage, nonguided endoscopic drainage, or surgical drainage. The aim of this review is to assess critically the current literature concerning EUS-guided pseudocyst drainage and to review the place of the procedure in the clinical decision management algorithms of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Săftoiu
- Department of Endoscopy, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andreas Vilmann
- Department of Endoscopy, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Vilmann
- Department of Endoscopy, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Laparoscopy-assisted open cystogastrostomy and pancreatic debridement for necrotizing pancreatitis (with video). Surg Endosc 2015; 30:1235-41. [PMID: 26275532 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis are well-known complications, described in 10% of cases of acute pancreatitis. Open cystogastrostomy is usually proposed after failure of minimally invasive drainage or in the presence of septic shock. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted open cystogastrostomy for treatment of symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst with pancreatic necrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2011 and October 2014, all patients with pseudocyst and pancreatic necrosis undergoing open cystogastrostomy were included. Surgical procedure was standardized. The primary efficacy endpoint was the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted open cystogastrostomy as treatment of symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst. Secondary endpoints included demographic data, preoperative management, operative data, postoperative data and follow-up. RESULTS Laparoscopy-assisted open cystogastrostomy was performed in 11 patients [six men (54%)], with a median age of 61 years (45-84). Nine patients received preoperative radiological or endoscopic management. First-line open cystogastrostomy was performed in two cases. Median operating time was 190 min (110-240). There was one intraoperative complication related to injury of a branch of the superior mesenteric vein. There were no postoperative deaths and two postoperative complications (18%) including one major complication (postoperative bleeding). The median length of hospital stay after surgery was 16 days (7-35). The median follow-up was 10 months (2-45). One patient experienced recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION Open cystogastrostomy for necrotizing pancreatitis promotes adequate internal drainage with few postoperative complications and a short length of hospital stay. However, this technique must be performed very cautiously due to the risk of vascular injury which can be difficult to repair in the context of severe local inflammation related to pancreatic necrosis.
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Khreiss M, Zenati M, Clifford A, Lee KK, Hogg ME, Slivka A, Chennat J, Gelrud A, Zeh HJ, Papachristou GI, Zureikat AH. Cyst Gastrostomy and Necrosectomy for the Management of Sterile Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis: a Comparison of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Endoscopic Outcomes at a High-Volume Pancreatic Center. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19:1441-8. [PMID: 26033038 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-2864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) is a sequela of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in 15-40% of cases. We sought to compare the outcomes of minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic cyst gastrostomy (CG) and necrosectomy for the management for sterile WON at a tertiary care high-volume pancreas center. METHOD This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent minimally invasive surgical or endoscopic CG and necrosectomy for clinically sterile WON between 2008 and 2013. Peri-procedural outcomes including costs were analyzed and compared. RESULTS Twenty patients underwent minimally invasive surgical (robotic = 14, laparoscopic = 6) CG and necrosectomy, and 20 patients underwent endoscopic treatment. The surgical cohort had a larger median cyst size and higher CCI score. For the surgical cohort, median OR time was 167.5 min, estimated blood loss was 30 ml, and 65% underwent concomitant cholecystectomy. There was no mortality in either group and no difference in complication rates (20%). The failure rate was similar (15 versus 10%, P = 0.66). Although surgery was associated with a lower re-intervention rate (0 versus 1, P = 0.008), the endotherapy group was associated with shorter total LOS (inclusive of re-interventions) (7 versus 3 days, P = 0.032). The cost of the index procedure was significantly higher for the surgery group (P = 0.014); however, when considering all readmissions and re-interventions until resolution of the WON, the total cost was similar for both groups. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic CG and necrosectomy are comparable treatments for sterile WON in terms of outcomes and overall cost. The surgical approach may be considered advantageous when a concomitant cholecystectomy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khreiss
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Paudel S, Zacharioudakis IM, Zervou FN, Ziakas PD, Mylonakis E. Prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of published studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124483. [PMID: 25886133 PMCID: PMC4401454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors including antibiotic use, immunosuppression and frequent hospitalizations make solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients vulnerable to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies from 1991-2014 to estimate the prevalence of CDI in this patient population. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases. Among the 75,940 retrieved citations, we found 30 studies coded from 35 articles that were relevant to our study. Based on these studies, we estimated the prevalence of CDI among 21,683 patients who underwent transplantation of kidney, liver, lungs, heart, pancreas, intestine or more than one organ and stratified each study based on the type of transplanted organ, place of the study conduction, and size of patient population. The overall estimated prevalence in SOT recipients was 7.4% [95%CI, (5.6-9.5%)] and it varied based on the type of organ transplant. The prevalence was 12.7% [95%CI, (6.4%-20.9%)] among patients who underwent transplantation for more than one organ. The prevalence among other SOT recipients was: lung 10.8% [95% CI, (5.5%-17.7%)], liver 9.1 % [95%CI, (5.8%-13.2%)], intestine 8% [95% CI, (2.6%-15.9%)], heart 5.2% [95%CI, (1.8%-10.2%)], kidney 4.7% [95% CI, (2.6%-7.3%)], and pancreas 3.2% [95% CI, (0.5%-7.9%)]. Among the studies that reported relevant data, the estimated prevalence of severe CDI was 5.3% [95% CI (2.3%-9.3%)] and the overall recurrence rate was 19.7% [95% CI, (13.7%-26.6%)]. In summary, CDI is a significant complication after SOT and preventive strategies are important in order to reduce the CDI related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Paudel
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ioannis M. Zacharioudakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Fainareti N. Zervou
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Panayiotis D. Ziakas
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Abstract
Over the last several years, there have been refinements in the understanding and nomenclature regarding the natural history of acute pancreatitis. Patients with acute pancreatitis frequently develop acute pancreatic collections that, over time, may evolve into pancreatic pseudocysts or walled-off necrosis. Endoscopic management of these local complications of acute pancreatitis continues to evolve. Treatment strategies range from simple drainage of liquefied contents to repeated direct endoscopic necrosectomy of a complex necrotic collection. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocysts may arise as a consequence of pancreatic ductal obstruction that then leads to pancreatic ductal disruption. In this review, we focus on the indications, techniques and outcomes for endoscopic therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Law
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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