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Xu Z, Wen C, Wang W. Role of MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in cuprizone-induced demyelination and cognitive impairment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114755. [PMID: 37949321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to find the genes and signaling pathways underlying cuprizone-induced demyelination and cognitive impairments in mice. We used the cuprizone-exposed mice as an animal model of schizophrenia and assessed cognitive function in mice. Total RNA was extracted from mouse brain tissues for RNA sequencing. The DESeq2 R package was utilized to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed simultaneously. We also constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to screen potential hub genes, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate the screened genes. After 6 weeks of cuprizone treatment, the cognitive function of mice was impaired. Compared to the controls, the cuprizone-exposed mice contained 351 DEGs, including 167 upregulated and 184 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in some biological processes involved in demyelination, including the MAPK pathway. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which may be associated with cognitive impairments. MBP, IGF1, GFAP, PTPRC, CD14, CD68, ITGB2, LYN, TLR2, TLR4, VAV1, and PLEK were considered as potential hub genes. Except for MBP, all genes were upregulated in the cuprizone models, as verified by qRT-PCR. We suggest that the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways may be associated with demyelination and cognitive impairments, respectively. GFAP and IGF-1 expression levels increased in cuprizone-exposed mice, suggesting that astrocytes may play a role in protecting the myelin sheath following treatment with cuprizone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Xu
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian 361012, China.
| | - Chunyan Wen
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian 361012, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian 361012, China
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2
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Biochanin A Improves Memory Decline and Brain Pathology in Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12030070. [PMID: 35323389 PMCID: PMC8945046 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination of nerves, neural degeneration, and axonal loss. Cognitive impairment, including memory decline, is a significant feature in MS affecting up to 70% of patients. Thereby, it substantially impacts patients’ quality of life. Biochanin A (BCA) is an o-methylated isoflavone with a wide variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of BCA on memory decline in the cuprizone (CPZ) model of MS. Thirty Swiss albino male mice (SWR/J) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control (normal chow + i.p. 1:9 mixture of DMSO and PBS), CPZ (0.2% w/w of CPZ mixed into chow + i.p. 1:9 mixture of DMSO and PBS), and CPZ + BCA (0.2% w/w of CPZ mixed into chow + i.p. 40 mg/kg of BCA). At the last week of the study (week 5), a series of behavioral tasks were performed. A grip strength test was performed to assess muscle weakness while Y-maze, novel object recognition task (NORT), and novel arm discrimination task (NADT) were performed to assess memory. Additionally, histological examination of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were conducted. BCA administration caused a significant increase in the grip strength compared with the CPZ group. Additionally, BCA significantly improved the mice’s spatial memory in the Y-maze and recognition memory in the NORT and the NADT compared with the CPZ group. Moreover, BCA mitigated neuronal damage in the PFC and the hippocampus after five weeks of administration. In conclusion, our data demonstrates the possible protective effect of BCA against memory deterioration in mice fed with CPZ for five weeks.
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3
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Abdi M, Pasbakhsh P, Shabani M, Nekoonam S, Sadeghi A, Fathi F, Abouzaripour M, Mohamed W, Zibara K, Kashani IR, Zendedel A. Metformin Therapy Attenuates Pro-inflammatory Microglia by Inhibiting NF-κB in Cuprizone Demyelinating Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1732-1746. [PMID: 34570348 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder characterized by reactive gliosis, inflammation, and demyelination. Microglia plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS and has the dynamic plasticity to polarize between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Metformin, a glucose-lowering drug, attenuates inflammatory responses by activating adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) which suppresses nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In this study, we indirectly investigated whether metformin therapy would regulate microglia activity in the cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model of MS via measuring the markers associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia. Evaluation of myelin by luxol fast blue staining revealed that metformin treatment (CPZ + Met) diminished demyelination, in comparison to CPZ mice. In addition, metformin therapy significantly alleviated reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis in the corpus callosum, as measured by Iba-1 and GFAP staining. Moreover, metformin treatment significantly downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory associated genes (iNOS, H2-Aa, and TNF-α) in the corpus callosum, whereas expression of anti-inflammatory markers (Arg1, Mrc1, and IL10) was not promoted, compared to CPZ mice. Furthermore, protein levels of iNOS (pro-inflammatory marker) were significantly decreased in the metformin group, while those of Trem2 (anti-inflammatory marker) were increased. In addition, metformin significantly increased AMPK activation in CPZ mice. Finally, metformin administration significantly reduced the activation level of NF-κB in CPZ mice. In summary, our data revealed that metformin attenuated pro-inflammatory microglia markers through suppressing NF-κB activity. The positive effects of metformin on microglia and remyelination suggest that it could be used as a promising candidate to lessen the incidence of inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdad Abdi
- Department of Anatomy, school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Nekoonam
- Department of Anatomy, school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Wael Mohamed
- Basic Medical Science Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia.,Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Shi XJ, Fan FC, Liu H, Ai YW, Liu QS, Jiao YG, Cheng Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Combined With Antipsychotic for Chronic Schizophrenia Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:616088. [PMID: 33708122 PMCID: PMC7942273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.616088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several studies suggesting the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in schizophrenia, there is still a lack of systematic summary and analysis on the role of TCM as adjuvant therapy in chronic schizophrenia. For this purpose, we conducted a meta-analysis to study the efficacy of TCM as an adjuvant combined with antipsychotics in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. Until April 2020, based on the review of six electronic databases, eight articles were selected. The articles compared TCM decoction assisted antipsychotic therapies with an antipsychotic alone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia by analyzing a total of 810 cases. The results showed that TCM combined with antipsychotics have beneficial effects on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), including the changes in total score, negative score, and the clinical effects evaluated by the PANSS scale. Subgroup analysis showed that the effects of auxiliary TCM with different efficacy on the positive and psychopathological scores were significantly different. It was found that adjuvant treatment with TCM can reduce some side effects and improve the patient's living conditions in the evaluation of the Schizophrenia Quality Of Life Scale (SQLS). Many studies have proved that TCM is safe and well-tolerated. Although the difficulties of using limited TCM remains to be generalized, it still has great potential in the adjuvant treatment of chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Cheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Wen Ai
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Guo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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5
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Kopanitsa MV, Lehtimäki KK, Forsman M, Suhonen A, Koponen J, Piiponniemi TO, Kärkkäinen AM, Pavlidi P, Shatillo A, Sweeney PJ, Merenlender-Wagner A, Kaye J, Orbach A, Nurmi A. Cognitive disturbances in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12663. [PMID: 32372528 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive problems frequently accompany neurological manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, during screening of preclinical candidates, assessments of behaviour in mouse models of MS typically focus on locomotor activity. In the present study, we analysed cognitive behaviour of 9 to 10-week-old female C57Bl/6J mice orally administered with the toxin cuprizone that induces demyelination, a characteristic feature of MS. Animals received 400 mg/kg cuprizone daily for 2 or 4 weeks, and their performance was compared with that of vehicle-treated mice. Cuprizone-treated animals showed multiple deficits in short touchscreen-based operant tasks: they responded more slowly to visual stimuli, rewards and made more errors in a simple rule-learning task. In contextual/cued fear conditioning experiments, cuprizone-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of contextual freezing than vehicle-treated mice. Diffusion tensor imaging showed treatment-dependent changes in fractional anisotropy as well as in axial and mean diffusivities in different white matter areas. Lower values of fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity in cuprizone-treated mice indicated developing demyelination and/or axonal damage. Several diffusion tensor imaging measurements correlated with learning parameters. Our results show that translational touchscreen operant tests and fear conditioning paradigms can reliably detect cognitive consequences of cuprizone treatment. The suggested experimental approach enables screening novel MS drug candidates in longitudinal experiments for their ability to improve pathological changes in brain structure and reverse cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym V Kopanitsa
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ari Suhonen
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juho Koponen
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Pavlina Pavlidi
- MSc Programme in Translational Neuroscience, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Joel Kaye
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Aric Orbach
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Antti Nurmi
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
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He J, Zu Q, Wen C, Liu Q, You P, Li X, Wang W. Quetiapine Attenuates Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors and Demyelination in a MK-801-Induced Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:843. [PMID: 32973585 PMCID: PMC7466651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain demyelination is possibly one of the main pathological factors involved in schizophrenia, and targeting on myelination may be a useful strategy for schizophrenia treatment. Quetiapine, a widely used atypical antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia treatment, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects on cerebral myelination in a demyelination animal model. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and underlying neuroprotective mechanism of quetiapine on the schizophrenia-like behaviors and possible cerebral demyelination induced by MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist. Mice were treated with chronic quetiapine (10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 28 days. From day 22 to 28, 1 h after the administration of quetiapine, the mice were administered MK-801 (2 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously). The positive symptom of schizophrenia was measured in a locomotor activity test on day 29, the memory was evaluated by a Y-maze test on day 30, and the sensorimotor gating deficit in mice was measured by prepulse inhibition test on day 31. After the behavioral tests, the protein expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) was measured by Western Blot, and the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was measured by ELISA in the frontal cortex of mice. Our results showed quetiapine attenuated schizophrenia-like behaviors including hyperactivity, memory impairment, and sensorimotor gating deficit in the MK-801 mice. In the same time, quetiapine attenuated demyelination, concurrent with attenuated BDNF decrease in the brain of MK-801-injected mice. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of quetiapine on schizophrenia might be partly related to its neuroprotective effect on brain myelin basic protein and its upregulating neuroprotective proteins such as BDNF, and indicate that modulation of cerebral demyelination could be a novel treatment target of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue He
- Department of Mental Health Research, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Qian Zu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunyan Wen
- Department of Mental Health Research, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pan You
- Department of Mental Health Research, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Mental Health Research, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xiamen, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Department of Mental Health Research, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xiamen, China
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7
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Abstract
Introduction Antioxidant-rich diet patterns could contribute to the prevention and treatment of early stages of dementia. Nuts have an appreciable antioxidant load and there is evidence of their positive effects on several chronic diseases incidence and death rates. Moreover, they are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which might also play a positive role in neurogenesis. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence from studies related to the effects of nut consumption on cognitive function among adults. We conducted a systematic search of articles published in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria (seven cross-sectional, four prospective cohorts and eight experimental); these were independently extracted and reviewed by two reviewers. The evidence from the cross-sectional and cohort studies was uncertain, due to the disparity of results and risk of bias. However, in most experimental studies a protective effect of nut consumption on some dimension of cognitive function was observed and the methodological quality of these studies was acceptable. In addition, the effects appear to be independent of nut type, amount of intake, age and baseline status of subjects. In summary, these results suggest that the inclusion of daily nut consumption in the healthy diet pattern of adults could have positive effects on their cognitive function. Nevertheless, more well-designed longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to provide strength to this suggestive evidence.
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8
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Sen MK, Mahns DA, Coorssen JR, Shortland PJ. Behavioural phenotypes in the cuprizone model of central nervous system demyelination. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:23-46. [PMID: 31442519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The feeding of cuprizone (CPZ) to animals has been extensively used to model the processes of demyelination and remyelination, with many papers adopting a narrative linked to demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS), the aetiology of which is unknown. However, no current animal model faithfully replicates the myriad of symptoms seen in the clinical condition of MS. CPZ ingestion causes mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent apoptosis of oligodendrocytes leads to central nervous system demyelination and glial cell activation. Although there are a wide variety of behavioural tests available for characterizing the functional deficits in animal models of disease, including that of CPZ-induced deficits, they have focused on a narrow subset of outcomes such as motor performance, cognition, and anxiety. The literature has not been systematically reviewed in relation to these or other symptoms associated with clinical MS. This paper reviews these tests and makes recommendations as to which are the most important in order to better understand the role of this model in examining aspects of demyelinating diseases like MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter J Shortland
- Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia.
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Arecoline attenuates memory impairment and demyelination in a cuprizone-induced mouse model of schizophrenia. Neuroreport 2019; 30:134-138. [PMID: 30571667 PMCID: PMC6326265 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral demyelination is possibly one of the main pathological factors involved in the development of schizophrenia. Our previous studies have showed that Areca catechu nut extract could ameliorate cognitive decline by facilitating myelination processes in the frontal cortex in a cuprizone (CPZ)-induced mouse model of schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of arecoline, one of the alkaloids in A. catechu nut extract, on memory impairment and cerebral demyelination in CPZ-treated mice. Mice were treated with CPZ (0 or 0.2%) in chow food and arecoline hydrobromide (0, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 12 weeks before Y-maze behavioral test. After the behavioral test, the mice were sacrificed for the measurement of myelin basic protein in the frontal cortex. We showed that arecoline-attenuated spatial working memory impairment, concurrent with attenuated demyelination related to vehicle-treated CPZ mice for the first time. Arecoline is one of the primary active ingredients in A. catechu nut responsible for attenuating memory impairment and demyelination in CPZ mice, cerebral demyelination may have a role in memory impairment, and modulation of cerebral demyelination could be a useful strategy in schizophrenia treatment.
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10
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Hussain G, Rasul A, Anwar H, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Wei W, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:341-357. [PMID: 29559851 PMCID: PMC5859479 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally demarcated as disorders with selective loss of neurons. Conventional as well as newer molecules have been tested but they offer just symptomatic advantages along with abundant side effects. The discovery of more compelling molecules that can halt the pathology of these diseases will be considered as a miracle of present time. Several synthetic compounds are available but they may cause several other health issues. Therefore, natural molecules from the plants and other sources are being discovered to replace available medicines. In conventional medicational therapies, several plants have been reported to bestow remedial effects. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants can provide a better and safer alternative to synthetic molecules. Many phytochemicals have been identified that cure the human body from a number of diseases. The present article reviews the potential efficacy of plant-derived alkaloids, which possess potential therapeutic effects against several NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, and stroke. Alkaloids include isoquinoline, indole, pyrroloindole, oxindole, piperidine, pyridine, aporphine, vinca, β-carboline, methylxanthene, lycopodium, and erythrine byproducts. Alkaloids constitute positive roles in ameliorating pathophysiology of these illnesses by functioning as muscarinic and adenosine receptors agonists, anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid and MAO inhibitors, acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic and nicotine agonist, and NMDA antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science. 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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11
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Sun Z, Jiang T, Wu Y, Ma C, He Y, Yang J. Low Field Magnetic Stimulation Ameliorates Schizophrenia-Like Behavior and Up-Regulates Neuregulin-1 Expression in a Mouse Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:675. [PMID: 30574102 PMCID: PMC6291499 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter and myelin sheath integrity are disrupted in schizophrenia, and non-invasive magnetic brain stimulation targeting these tracts is a promising new therapeutic approach. In particular, deep-brain reachable low field magnetic stimulation (DMS) could alleviate cognitive impairment and depressive-like behaviors in animal models. In this study, we sought to assess the effects of DMS on myelin sheath damage and schizophrenia-like behaviors in the cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model. Mice were fed cuprizone (copper ion chelating agent, 0.2% w/w mixed with food) for 6 weeks to induce demyelination. During these 6 weeks, mice were stimulated with either sham, low-frequency (LFS, delta frequency) DMS or high-frequency (HFS, gamma Hz) DMS for 20 min each day. Behavioral tests were conducted 24 h after the final DMS session. The myelin sheath was examined by immunohistochemistry and the expression of neuregulin-1 (NRG1)/ErbB4 in the prefrontal cortex was measured with Western blotting. Six weeks of HFS significantly alleviated schizophrenia-like behaviors in cuprizone mice, including improved nesting, social interaction and sensorimotor gating, while LFS improved sensorimotor gating only. HFS and LFS both repaired the myelin sheath and increased the expression of neuregulin-1 and its receptor ErbB4, in the prefrontal cortex of demyelinated mice. Our findings show that DMS is a potential effective neuromodulation technique for the treatment of schizophrenia. One possible mechanism underlying these therapeutic effects could involve the up-regulation of NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Sun ZY, Gu HS, Chen X, Zhang L, Li XM, Zhang JW, Li L. A novel flavanone derivative ameliorates cuprizone-induced behavioral changes and white matter pathology in the brain of mice. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:249-259. [PMID: 28783571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that white matter lesions play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. DHF-6 is a novel flavanone derivative synthesized in our laboratory. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of DHF-6 on behavioral changes and white matter pathology in a 0.2% cuprizone-fed C57BL/6 mice model. The results showed that cuprizone induced a decrease in spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze test, an increase in locomotor activity in the open field test, demyelination determined by electron microscopy, a decline in the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), a decrease in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), and an activation of microglia and astrocytes in the corpus callosum measured by western blot and/or immunocytochemical analyses. Intragastric administration of DHF-6 (25 and 50mg/kg) for 5-weeks increased the spontaneous alternations, reduced locomotor activity, reversed demyelination and MBP decrease, promoted OPCs differentiation into mature OLs, and inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes. These results suggest that DHF-6 may improve cognitive impairment and the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by alleviating white matter lesions via facilitating remyelination and inhibiting neuroinflammation, thus may be beneficial in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hong-Shun Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China.
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Liu H, Zhai J, Wang B, Fang M. Olig2 Silence Ameliorates Cuprizone-Induced Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4834-4840. [PMID: 28989170 PMCID: PMC5644458 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of schizophrenia is complex and oligodendrocyte abnormality is an important component of the pathogenesis found in schizophrenia. This study was designed to evaluate the function of olig2 in cuprizone-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in a mouse model, and to assess the related mechanisms. Material/Methods The schizophrenia-like symptoms were modeled by administration of cuprizone in mice. Open-field and elevated-plus maze tests were applied to detect behavioral changes. Adenovirus encoding olig2 siRNA was designed to silence olig2 expression. Real-time PCR and western blotting were applied to detect myelin basic protein (MBP), 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and olig2 expressions. Results Open field test showed that the distance and time spent in the center area were significantly decreased in cuprizone mice (model mice) when compared with control mice (p<0.05). By contrast, olig2 silence could significantly increase the time and distance spent in the center area compared with the model mice (p<0.05). As revealed by elevated-plus maze test, the mice in the model group preferred the open arm and spent more time and distance in the open arm compared with control mice (p<0.05), while olig2 silence significantly reversed the abnormalities (p<0.05). Mechanically, MBP and CNPase expression were reduced in the model group compared with the control (p<0.05). However, olig2 silence reversed the reduction caused by cuprizone modeling (p<0.05). In addition, GFAP was elevated after cuprizone modeling compared with control (p<0.05), and was significantly inhibited by olig2 silence compared with model (p<0.05). Conclusions Cuprizone-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms involved olig2 upregulation. The silence of olig2 could prevent changes, likely through regulating MBP, CNPase, and GFAP expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Liu
- Jining Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Wang
- Jining Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Maosheng Fang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Transplanted miR-219-overexpressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells promoted remyelination and improved functional recovery in a chronic demyelinated model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41407. [PMID: 28145507 PMCID: PMC5286453 DOI: 10.1038/srep41407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have the ability to repair demyelinated lesions by maturing into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Recent evidence suggests that miR-219 helps regulate the differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes. We performed oligodendrocyte differentiation studies using miR-219-overexpressing mouse embryonic stem cells (miR219-mESCs). The self-renewal and multiple differentiation properties of miR219-mESCs were analyzed by the expression of the stage-specific cell markers Nanog, Oct4, nestin, musashi1, GFAP, Tuj1 and O4. MiR-219 accelerated the differentiation of mESC-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) into OPCs. We further transplanted OPCs derived from miR219-mESCs (miR219-OPCs) into cuprizone-induced chronically demyelinated mice to observe remyelination, which resulted in well-contained oligodendrocyte grafts that migrated along the corpus callosum and matured to express myelin basic protein (MBP). Ultrastructural studies further confirmed the presence of new myelin sheaths. Improved cognitive function in these mice was confirmed by behavioral tests. Importantly, the transplanted miR219-OPCs induced the proliferation of endogenous NPCs. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that miR-219 rapidly transforms mESCs into oligodendrocyte lineage cells and that the transplantation of miR219-OPCs not only promotes remyelination and improves cognitive function but also enhances the proliferation of host endogenous NPCs following chronic demyelination. These results support the potential of a therapeutic role for miR-219 in demyelinating diseases.
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Mi G, Gao Y, Liu S, Ye E, Li Y, Jin X, Yang H, Yang Z. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol promotes remyelination in a cuprizone induced demyelination model. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2780-91. [PMID: 27580304 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1220458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuprizone (CPZ) model has been widely used for the studies of de-and remyelination. The CPZ-exposed mice show oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) increase and mature oligodendrocytes decrease, suggesting an imbalance between proliferation and differentiation of OPCs. In the first experiment of this study, we examined the expression of cell cycle related genes in brains of mice following CPZ administration for 5 weeks by means of microarray assay. In addition, we performed a double labeling of BrdU and Ki-67 to calculate cell cycle exit index in the mice. Our results showed that CPZ administration up-regulated the expression of 16 cell cycle related genes, but down-regulated the expression of only one in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice compared to control group. The treatment inhibited potential precursor cells exit from cell cycle. In the second experiment, we evaluated effects of a CDK inhibitor flavopiridol (FLA) on CPZ-induced neuropathological changes and spatial working memory impairment in mice.FLA treatment for one week effectively attenuated the CPZ-induced increases in NG2 positive cells, microglia and astrocytes, alleviated the concurrent mature oligodendrocyte loss and myelin breakdown, and improved spatial working memory deficit in the CPZ-exposed mice. These results suggest that CPZ-induced neuropathological changes involve in dysregulation of cell cycle related genes. The therapeutic effects of FLA on CPZ-exposed mice may be related to its ability of cell cycle inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Mi
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Yunyun Gao
- b The 89 Hospital of PLA , WeiFang City Shandong Province , China
| | - Shuai Liu
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Enmao Ye
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Yanyan Li
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Jin
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Hongju Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Zheng Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
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Sharma V, Law W, Balick MJ, Sarkar IN. Identifying Plant-Human Disease Associations in Biomedical Literature: A Case Study. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 2016:84-93. [PMID: 27595045 PMCID: PMC5009952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ethnobotanical data from surveys of traditional medicinal uses ofplants can be enhanced through the validation of biomedical knowledge that may be embedded in literature. This study aimed to explore the use of informatics approaches, including natural language processing and terminology resources, for extracting and comparing ethnobotanical leads from biomedical literature indexed in MEDLINE. Using ethnobotanical data for plant species described in Primary Health Care Manuals of the Micronesian islands of Palau and Pohnpei, the results of this study were done relative to disease concepts from the "Mental, Behavioral And Neurodevelopmental Disorders " ICD-9-CM category. The results from this feasibility study suggest that informatics methods can be used to extract and prioritize relevant ethnobotanical information from biomedical knowledge literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanand Sharma
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Wayne Law
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Michael J. Balick
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Indra Neil Sarkar
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
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