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Alallam B, Doolaanea AA, Alfatama M, Lim V. Phytofabrication and Characterisation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Pure Curcumin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:269. [PMID: 37259414 PMCID: PMC9960272 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide and curcumin, on their own and in combination, have the potential as alternatives to conventional anticancer drugs. In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by an eco-friendly method using pure curcumin, and their physicochemical properties were characterised. ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the role of curcumin in synthesising zinc oxide curcumin nanoparticles (Green-ZnO-NPs). These nanoparticles exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a size and zeta potential of 27.61 ± 5.18 nm and -16.90 ± 0.26 mV, respectively. Green-ZnO-NPs showed good activity towards studied bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Green-ZnO-NPs was consistently larger than that of chemically synthesised ZnO NPs (Std-ZnO-NPs) or mere curcumin, advocating an additive effect between the zinc oxide and curcumin. Green-ZnO-NPs demonstrated an efficient inhibitory effect towards MCF-7 cells with IC50 (20.53 ± 5.12 μg/mL) that was significantly lower compared to that of Std-ZnO-NPs (27.08 ± 0.91 μg/mL) after 48 h of treatment. When Green-ZnO-NPs were tested against Artemia larvae, a minimised cytotoxic effect was observed, with LC50 being almost three times lower compared to that of Std-ZnO-NPs (11.96 ± 1.89 μg/mL and 34.60 ± 9.45 μg/mL, respectively). This demonstrates that Green-ZnO-NPs can be a potent, additively enhanced combination delivery/therapeutic agent with the potential for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Alallam
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kolej Universiti Antarabangsa Maiwp, Taman Batu Muda, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur 68100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia
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Vadivel M, Mondal M, Gurusamy R, Sakthivel N. Isotropic Silver Nanoparticles from Cytobacillus kochii Strain SW6 Isolated from Bay of Bengal Sea Sediment Water and Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Catalytic Potential. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:74. [PMID: 36631599 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles provides numerous advantages over physical and chemical methods because of low toxicity, high yields, cost-effectiveness, environmentally benign, and energy efficiency. Therefore, we focused on the facile and green synthesis of isotropic silver nanoparticles using the metabolic extract of Cytobacillus kochii. During synthesis, the physicochemical parameters were optimized and validated using the response surface methodology statistical tool. The presence of potent bioactive compounds that aid in the biofabrication of nanoparticles was identified in the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis and the synthesis was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm. Characterization of nanoparticles was performed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. The synthesized nanoparticles showed potent antioxidant properties and displayed an excellent catalytic reduction potential in the degradation of hazardous dyes, such as methylene blue, phenol red, and 4-nitrophenol. Furthermore, compared to the chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles and crude extract, the biogenic silver nanoparticles exhibited a broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential. Our results demonstrate that the reported silver nanoparticles with unique characteristics might be of great promise as biomedical and catalytic agents for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyappan Vadivel
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Kalapet,, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Moumita Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Kalapet,, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Raman Gurusamy
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsan-Buk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Natarajan Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Kalapet,, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Ramírez-Rosas SL, Delgado-Alvarado E, Sanchez-Vargas LO, Herrera-May AL, Peña-Juarez MG, Gonzalez-Calderon JA. Green Route to Produce Silver Nanoparticles Using the Bioactive Flavonoid Quercetin as a Reducing Agent and Food Anti-Caking Agents as Stabilizers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3545. [PMID: 36234674 PMCID: PMC9565511 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In previous work, the isolated polyphenolic compound (PPC) quercetin was used as a reducing agent in the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), testing two types of quercetin. This PPC is a bioactive molecule that provides the electrons for the reduction of silver ions to zerovalent silver. The results demonstrated that quercetin in dietary supplement presentation was better than reagent grade quercetin for the synthesis of AgNPs, and the difference between them was that the dietary supplement had microcrystalline cellulose (CM) in its formulation. Therefore, this dietary anti-caking agent was added to the reagent-grade quercetin to validate this previously found improvement. AgNPs were obtained at neutral pH by a green route using quercetin as a reducing agent and microcrystalline cellulose and maltodextrin as stabilizing agents. In addition, different ratios were evaluated to find the optimum ratio. Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Z-potential, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) were used for characterization. The antibacterial activity of the S. aureus and E. coli agent was tested by the disk diffusion and microdilution method. According to the results, this green synthesis needs the use of food stabilizer when working at pH 7 to maintain AgNPs in the long term. The ideal ratio of reducing the agent:stabilizing agent was 1:2, since with this system stable AgNPs are obtained for 2 months and with improved antimicrobial activity, validating this method was ecologically and economically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia L. Ramírez-Rosas
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78290, Mexico
| | | | - Luis O. Sanchez-Vargas
- Oral Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava No. 64, San Luis Potosí 78290, Mexico
| | - Agustin L. Herrera-May
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Rio 94294, Mexico
- Master in Applied Engineering, Faculty of Contruction Engineering and Hábitat, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Rio 94294, Mexico
| | - Mariana G. Peña-Juarez
- Institutional Doctorate in Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona No. 550 col. Lomas 2da. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - J. Amir. Gonzalez-Calderon
- Cátedras Conacyt- Institute of Physics, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí 78000, Mexico
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Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Bioflavonoid Rutin: Characterisation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities and In Vivo Cytotoxic Effects on Artemia Nauplii. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101853. [PMID: 36290575 PMCID: PMC9598060 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to synthesise zinc oxide nanoparticles with rutin (ZnO-R NPs) using a green synthesis approach and characterise the nanostructures for diverse biomedical applications. In this study, the optical and chemical properties of synthesised ZnO-R NPs were verified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed a symmetric bending vibration peak of 460 cm−1 for ZnO-R NPs, whereas UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a distinct absorption band at 395 nm. Moreover, the oval-shaped morphology of ZnO-R NPs was verified through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesised nanoformulation revealed a wurtzite structure with a crystallite size of 13.22 nm; however, the zeta potential value was recorded as −8.50 ± 0.46 mV for ZnO-R NPs. According to an antioxidant study, ZnO-R NPs demonstrated lower free-radical scavenging activity than pure rutin. The cytotoxicity study was conducted using a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). In vitro analysis verified that ZnO-R NPs exhibited significantly higher anticancer and microbial growth inhibition activities than standard ZnO NPs (ZnO Std NPs) and pure rutin. In addition, ZnO-R NPs revealed a significantly lower IC50 value than the commercial ZnO Std NPs and pure rutin in MCF-7 cells (16.39 ± 6.03 μg/mL, 27 ± 0.91 μg/mL and 350 ± 30.1 μg/mL, respectively) after 48 h. However, synthesised ZnO-R NPs demonstrated no significant toxicity towards Artemia nauplii. These results highlight the synthesis of rutin-mediated ZnO NPs and their possible chemotherapeutic potential.
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Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Chemometrics Analysis of Clinacanthus nutans Extracts after Postharvest Processing and Extract Effects on Cardiac C-Kit Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1967593. [PMID: 35251203 PMCID: PMC8890836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1967593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical constituents in plants can be greatly affected by postharvest processing, and it is important to identify the factors that lead to significant changes in chemistry and bioactivity. In this study, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze extracts of Clinacanthus nutan (C. nutans) leaves generated using different parameters (solvent polarities, solid-liquid ratios, ultrasonic durations, and cycles of extraction). In addition, the effects of these extracts on the viability of cardiac c-kit cells (CCs) were tested. The IR spectra were processed using SIMCA-P software. PCA results of all tested parameter sets were within acceptable values. Solvent polarity was identified as the most influential factor to observe the differences in chemical profile and activities of C. nutans extracts. Ideal extraction conditions were identified, for two sample groups (G1 and G2), as they showed optimal total phenolic content (TPC) yield of 44.66 ± 0.83 mg GAE/g dw and 45.99 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g dw and CC viability of 171.81 ± 4.06% and 147.53 ± 6.80%, respectively. Validation tools such as CV-ANOVA (p < 0.05) and permutation (R2 and Q2 plots were well intercepted to each other) have further affirmed the significance and reliability of the partial least square (PLS) model of solvent polarity employed in extraction. Hence, these approaches help optimize postharvest processes that encourage positive TPC and CCs results in C. nutans extracts.
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Sun L, Lu JJ, Wang BX, Sun T, Zhu BQ, Ding ZS, Zhou FM, Jin QX. Polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: optimum extraction, monosaccharide compositions, and antioxidant activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:383-393. [PMID: 34339343 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1952600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of extraction of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg polysaccharides (THP) using ultrasonic with enzyme method and its monosaccharide compositions and antioxidant activity were investigated in this work. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) were performed to optimize conditions for extraction, and the independent variables were (XA) dosage of cellulase, (XB) extraction time, (XC) ultrasonic power, and (XD) ratio of water to the material. The extraction rate of THP was increased effectively under the optimum conditions, and the maximum (4.692 ± 0.059%) was well-matched the predicted value from RSM. THP was consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, while glucose was the dominant (26.749 ± 0.634%). According to the total antioxidant capacity assay with the FRAP method, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, THP showed strong antioxidant activity with a dose-dependent behavior. The results indicated that THP has the potential to be a novel antioxidant and could expand its application in food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bi-Xu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Mei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian-Xing Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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