ADAM-10 Regulates MMP-12 during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages

ADAM28 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition and impairs tight junctions in non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by inducing M1 polarization of macrophages

BACKGROUND

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by tight junction dysfunction associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processing. ADAM28 participates in the pathogenic process of inflammatory airway diseases.

METHODS

The effects of ADAM28 knockdown on the expression levels of the M1-type macrophage markers were examined using M1-type macrophage polarization model established with the THP1 cells. An inflammation model was established by collecting cell supernatants from M1-polarized macrophages with stable ADAM28 knockdown to stimulate HNEPC and primary nasal mucosal epithelial cells (pHNECs).The expression levels of EMT markers and tight junction proteins were detected.

RESULTS

ADAM28 was highly expressed in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (NE-CRSwNP) and correlated with NE-CRSwNP clinical scores. Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that the number of ADAM28-positive macrophages significantly increased in the NE-CRSwNP group compared with the control group. In addition, ADAM28 levels were significantly elevated in M1-type macrophages. ADAM28 knockdown significantly reduced the expression levels of M1-type macrophage polarization markers in M1 macrophages. Furthermore, ADAM28 knockdown elevated the expression of EMT marker E-cadherin and decreased the expression of α-SMA in HNEPC and pHNECs. Additionally, ADAM28 knockdown increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins in pHNECs cultured at an air-liquid interface.

CONCLUSION

ADAM28 is markedly elevated in NE-CRSwNP and is correlated with the clinical scores of NE-CRSwNP. ADAM28 induces the M1-type polarization of macrophages. ADAM28 promotes EMT and impairs tight junctions of nasal epithelia by inducing M1-type polarization of macrophages.

Nanobody-Targeted Conditional Antimicrobial Therapeutics

Conditional therapeutics that rely on disease microenvironment-specific triggers for activation are a promising strategy to improve therapeutic cargos. Among the investigated triggers, protease activity is used most often because of its dysregulation in several diseases. How to optimally fine-tune protease activation for different therapeutic cargos remains a challenge. Here, we designed nanobody-targeted conditional antimicrobial therapeutics to deliver a model therapeutic peptide and protein to the site of bacterial infection. We explored several parameters that influence proteolytic activation. We report the use of targeting nanobodies to enhance the activation of therapeutics that are otherwise activated inefficiently despite extensive optimization of the cleavable linker. Specifically, the pairing of Ly6G/C or ADAM10-targeting nanobodies with ADAM10-cleavable linkers improved activation via proximity-enabled reactivity. This study demonstrates a distinct role of active targeting in conditional therapeutic activation. More broadly, this optimization framework provides a guideline for the development of conditional therapeutics to treat various diseases in which protease activity is dysregulated.

MMP12 disrupts epithelial barrier integrity in oral lichen planus by degrading fibronectin

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder featured with T lymphocytes infiltration and epithelial basement membrane breakdown. Although matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases such as oral squamous cell carcinoma and periodontitis, the roles of MMP12 in the context of OLP remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that MMP12 in macrophages derived from mucosal diseased tissues compromises the epithelial barrier integrity in OLP. The increased MMP12 facilitates fibronectin degradation in keratinocytes, leading to oral epithelial barrier disruption. Overexpression of fibronectin in oral keratinocytes prevents epithelial barrier from MMP12-induced damage. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of MMP12 reverses keratinocyte barrier disruption in a cell model. Altogether, our study reveals that MMP12 mediates oral epithelial barrier integrity in the setting of OLP.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia facilitates the development of angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in male mice

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH), is highly prevalent in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, whether IH serves as an independent risk factor for AAA development remains to be investigated. Here, we determined the effects of chronic (6 mo) IH on angiotensin (Ang II)-induced AAA development in C57BL/6J male mice and investigated the underlying mechanisms of IH in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). IH increased the susceptibility of mice to develop AAA in response to Ang II infusion by facilitating the augmentation of the abdominal aorta's diameter as assessed by transabdominal ultrasound imaging. Importantly, IH with Ang II augmented aortic elastin degradation and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), mainly MMP8, MMP12, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) as measured by histology and immunohistochemistry. Mechanistically, IH increased the activities of MMP2, MMP8, MMP9, MMP12, and ADAM17, while reducing the expression of the MMP regulator reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) in cultured SMCs. Aortic samples from human AAA were associated with decreased RECK and increased expression of ADAM17 and MMPs. These data suggest that IH facilitates AAA development when additional stressors are superimposed and that this occurs in association with an increased presence of aortic MMPs and ADAM17, potentially due to IH-induced modulation of RECK expression. These findings support a plausible synergistic link between OSA and AAA and provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AAA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY IH facilitates Ang II-induced abdominal aortic diameter expansion and AAA development in C57BL/6J male mice. IH upregulates the expression of specific MMPs such as MMP8, MMP12, and ADAM17. IH directly suppresses RECK expression and increases MMPs activity in SMCs. Human AAA tissues exhibit a downregulation of RECK and an upregulation of ADAM17 and MMPs.

Correlation of MR-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Profiling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Temozolomide-Treated Orthotopic GL261 Glioblastoma in Mice

The tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma (GB) is considered to be "cold", i.e., the fraction of cytotoxic T cells, for instance, is low. Instead, macrophages are the major immune cell population in GB, which stem either from tissue response (resident microglia) or recruitment of macrophages from the periphery, thereby undergoing tumor-dependent "imprinting" mechanisms by which macrophages can adapt a tumor-supportive phenotype. In this regard, it is important to describe the nature of macrophages associated with GB, in particular under therapy conditions using the gold standard chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ). Here, we explored the suitability of combining information from in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) approaches (metabolomics) with in vitro molecular analyses to assess therapy response and characterize macrophage populations in mouse GB using an isogenic GL261 model. For macrophage profiling, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) were determined, since their gene products affect macrophage-tumor cell communication by extensive cleavage of immunomodulatory membrane proteins, such as PD-L1. In tumor mice with an overall therapy response, expression of genes encoding the proteases ADAM8, ADAM10, and ADAM17 was increased and might contribute to the immunosuppressive phenotype of GB and immune cells. In tumors responding to therapy, expression levels of ADAM8 were upregulated by TMZ, and higher levels of PD-L1 were correlated significantly. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ADAM8 in GL261 cells, we demonstrated that soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) is only generated in the presence of ADAM8. Moreover, primary macrophages from WT and ADAM8-deficient mice showed ADAM8-dependent release of sPD-L1, independent of the macrophage polarization state. Since ADAM8 expression is induced in responding tumors and PD-L1 shedding is likely to decrease the anti-tumor activities of T-cells, we conclude that immunotherapy resistance is caused, at least in part, by the increased presence of proteases, such as ADAM8.

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 3 Induces Endothelial Barrier Loss via ADAM10-Mediated Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin Cleavage

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-supporting strategy employed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). However, MV-associated mechanical stress exacerbates existing lung inflammation in ICU patients, resulting in limited improvement in mortality and a condition known as Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a circulating bioactive lipid that maintains endothelial integrity primarily through S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1). During VILI, mechanical stress upregulates endothelial S1PR3 levels. Unlike S1PR1, S1PR3 mediates endothelial barrier disruption through Rho-dependent pathways. However, the specific impact of elevated S1PR3 on lung endothelial function, apart from Rho activation, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of S1PR3 in endothelial pathobiology during VILI using an S1PR3 overexpression adenovirus. S1PR3 overexpression caused cytoskeleton rearrangement, formation of paracellular gaps, and a modified endothelial response towards S1P. It resulted in a shift from S1PR1-dependent barrier enhancement to S1PR3-dependent barrier disruption. Moreover, S1PR3 overexpression induced an ADAM10-dependent cleavage of Vascular Endothelial (VE)-cadherin, which hindered endothelial barrier recovery. S1PR3-induced cleavage of VE-cadherin was at least partially regulated by S1PR3-mediated NFκB activation. Additionally, we employed an S1PR3 inhibitor TY-52156 in a murine model of VILI. TY-52156 effectively attenuated VILI-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts and protein concentration, suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited lung inflammation as assessed via a histological evaluation. These findings confirm that mechanical stress associated with VILI increases S1PR3 levels, thereby altering the pulmonary endothelial response towards S1P and impairing barrier recovery. Inhibiting S1PR3 is validated as an effective therapeutic strategy for VILI.

Global scientific trends on matrix metalloproteinase and osteosarcoma: A bibliometric and visualized analysis

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify author, country, institutional, and journal collaborations and their impacts, assess the knowledge base, identify existing trends, and uncover emerging topics related to the role of Metalloproteinase in osteosarcoma.

METHODS

945 Articles and reviews associated with the role of Metalloproteinase in osteosarcoma were obtained from the WoSCC and analyzed by Citespace and Vosviewer.

RESULTS

The main aspects of research on the role of MMP in OS are invasion and metastasis. The latest hotspots were found to be the mechanism of MMP promoting invasion and metastasis, lung metastasis, and antitumor activity. Notably, invasion, metastasis, and antitumor activity were potentially turning points in the MMP-OS field. In the future, the primary research hotspot in the field of MMP-OS may be to study the mechanism, explore their role in the OS lung metastasis, and determine their role in the cancer therapy process.

CONCLUSION

This study thus offers a comprehensive overview of the MMP-OS-related field using bibliometrics and visual methods, which will provide a valuable reference for researchers interested in the field of MMP-OS.