1
|
Sandeep P, Sharma P, Luhach K, Dhiman N, Kharkwal H, Sharma B. Neuron navigators: A novel frontier with physiological and pathological implications. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 127:103905. [PMID: 37972804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron navigators are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins containing basic and serine rich regions which are encoded by neuron navigator genes (NAVs). Neuron navigator proteins are essential for neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, and overall neurodevelopment along with some other functions as well. The navigator proteins are substantially expressed in the developing brain and have been reported to be differentially expressed in various tissues at different ages. Over the years, the research has found neuron navigators to be implicated in a spectrum of pathological conditions such as developmental anomalies, neurodegenerative disorders, neuropathic pain, anxiety, cancers, and certain inflammatory conditions. The existing knowledge about neuron navigators remains sparse owing to their differential functions, undiscovered modulators, and unknown molecular mechanisms. Investigating the possible role of neuron navigators in various physiological processes and pathological conditions pose as a novel field that requires extensive research and might provide novel mechanistic insights and understanding of these aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Sandeep
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kanishk Luhach
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Harsha Kharkwal
- Amity Natural and Herbal Product Research, Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bugaeva O, Maliniemi P, Prestvik WS, Leivo E, Kluger N, Salava A, Virtanen S, Jäntti K, Saksela O, Lehti K, Kujala P, Krohn K, Ranki A. Tumour Suppressor Neuron Navigator 3 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 are Co-expressed in Most Melanomas but Downregulated in Thick Tumours. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv00883. [PMID: 36883877 PMCID: PMC10010123 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic tumour originating from neural crest-derived melanocytes. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) in relation to membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase MMP14, a major regulator of invasion, in 40 primary melanomas, 15 benign naevi and 2 melanoma cell lines. NAV3 copy number changes were found in 18/27 (67%) primary melanomas, so that deletions dominated (16/27 of samples, 59%). NAV3 protein was found to be localized at the leading edge of migrating melanoma cells in vitro. Silencing of NAV3 reduced both melanoma cell migration in 2-dimensional conditions, as well as sprouting in 3-dimensional collagen I. NAV3 protein expression correlated with MMP14 in 26/37 (70%) primary melanomas. NAV3 and MMP14 were co-expressed in all tumours with Breslow thickness < 1 mm, in 11/23 of mid-thickness tumours (1-5 mm), but in only 1/6 samples of thick (> 5 mm) melanomas. Altogether, NAV3 number changes are frequent in melanomas, and NAV3 and MMP14, while expressed in all thin melanomas, are often downregulated in thicker tumours, suggesting that the lack of both NAV3 and MMP14 favours melanoma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bugaeva
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pilvi Maliniemi
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Wenche S Prestvik
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eeva Leivo
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Salava
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kirsi Jäntti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Saksela
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kaj Krohn
- Clinical Research Institute HUCH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cutaneous Lymphoma and Antibody-Directed Therapies. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010021. [PMID: 36975368 PMCID: PMC10045448 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab to the treatment of cancer has greatly advanced the treatment scenario in onco-hematology. However, the response to these agents may be limited by insufficient efficacy or resistance. Antibody–drug conjugates are an attractive strategy to deliver payloads of toxicity or radiation with high selectivity toward malignant targets and limited unwanted effects. Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders and a current area of unmet need in dermato-oncology due to the limited options available for advanced cases. This review briefly summarizes our current understanding of T and B cell lymphomagenesis, with a focus on recognized molecular alterations that may provide investigative therapeutic targets. The authors reviewed antibody-directed therapies investigated in the setting of lymphoma: this term includes a broad spectrum of approaches, from antibody–drug conjugates such as brentuximab vedotin, to bi-specific antibodies, antibody combinations, antibody-conjugated nanotherapeutics, radioimmunotherapy and, finally, photoimmunotherapy with specific antibody–photoadsorber conjugates, as an attractive strategy in development for the future management of cutaneous lymphoma.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou X, Feliciano P, Shu C, Wang T, Astrovskaya I, Hall JB, Obiajulu JU, Wright JR, Murali SC, Xu SX, Brueggeman L, Thomas TR, Marchenko O, Fleisch C, Barns SD, Snyder LG, Han B, Chang TS, Turner TN, Harvey WT, Nishida A, O'Roak BJ, Geschwind DH, Michaelson JJ, Volfovsky N, Eichler EE, Shen Y, Chung WK. Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42,607 autism cases identifies mutations in new moderate-risk genes. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1305-1319. [PMID: 35982159 PMCID: PMC9470534 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To capture the full spectrum of genetic risk for autism, we performed a two-stage analysis of rare de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 autism cases, including 35,130 new cases recruited online by SPARK. We identified 60 genes with exome-wide significance (P < 2.5 × 10-6), including five new risk genes (NAV3, ITSN1, MARK2, SCAF1 and HNRNPUL2). The association of NAV3 with autism risk is primarily driven by rare inherited loss-of-function (LoF) variants, with an estimated relative risk of 4, consistent with moderate effect. Autistic individuals with LoF variants in the four moderate-risk genes (NAV3, ITSN1, SCAF1 and HNRNPUL2; n = 95) have less cognitive impairment than 129 autistic individuals with LoF variants in highly penetrant genes (CHD8, SCN2A, ADNP, FOXP1 and SHANK3) (59% vs 88%, P = 1.9 × 10-6). Power calculations suggest that much larger numbers of autism cases are needed to identify additional moderate-risk genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueya Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Joseph U Obiajulu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shwetha C Murali
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Leo Brueggeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Taylor R Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bing Han
- Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy S Chang
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tychele N Turner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William T Harvey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jacob J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Normal and Neoplastic Growth Suppression by the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040747. [PMID: 35203395 PMCID: PMC8870482 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first discovered and most prominent cellular oncogenes is MYC, which encodes a bHLH-ZIP transcription factor (Myc) that both activates and suppresses numerous genes involved in proliferation, energy production, metabolism and translation. Myc belongs to a small group of bHLH-ZIP transcriptional regulators (the Myc Network) that includes its obligate heterodimerization partner Max and six "Mxd proteins" (Mxd1-4, Mnt and Mga), each of which heterodimerizes with Max and largely opposes Myc's functions. More recently, a second group of bHLH-ZIP proteins (the Mlx Network) has emerged that bears many parallels with the Myc Network. It is comprised of the Myc-like factors ChREBP and MondoA, which, in association with the Max-like member Mlx, regulate smaller and more functionally restricted repertoires of target genes, some of which are shared with Myc. Opposing ChREBP and MondoA are heterodimers comprised of Mlx and Mxd1, Mxd4 and Mnt, which also structurally and operationally link the two Networks. We discuss here the functions of these "Extended Myc Network" members, with particular emphasis on their roles in suppressing normal and neoplastic growth. These roles are complex due to the temporal- and tissue-restricted expression of Extended Myc Network proteins in normal cells, their regulation of both common and unique target genes and, in some cases, their functional redundancy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv F, Ge X, Qian P, Lu X, Liu D, Chen C. Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) is required for heart development in zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:173-183. [PMID: 35039994 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a tightly controlled biological process, cardiogenesis requires the specification and migration of a suite of cell types to form a particular three-dimensional configuration of the heart. Many genetic factors are involved in the formation and maturation of the heart, and any genetic mutations may result in severe cardiac failures. The neuron navigator (NAV) family consists of three vertebrate homologs (NAV1, NAV2, and NAV3) of the neural guidance molecule uncoordinated-53 (UNC-53) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although they are recognized as neural regulators, their expressions are also detected in many organs, including the heart, kidney, and liver. However, the functions of NAVs, regardless of neural guidance, remain largely unexplored. In our study, we found that nav3 gene was expressed in the cardiac region of zebrafish embryos from 24 to 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. A CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing method was utilized to delete the nav3 gene in zebrafish and loss of function of Nav3 resulted in a severe deficiency in its cardiac morphology and structure. The similar phenotypic defects of the knockout mutants could recur by nav3 morpholino injection and be rescued by nav3 mRNA injection. Dual-color fluorescence imaging of ventricle and atrium markers further confirmed the disruption of the heart development in nav3-deleted mutants. Although the heart rate was not affected by the deletion of nav3, the heartbeat intensity was decreased in the mutants. All these findings indicate that Nav3 was required for cardiogenesis in developing zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lv
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ge
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peipei Qian
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raza S, Jokl E, Pritchett J, Martin K, Su K, Simpson K, Birchall L, Mullan AF, Athwal VS, Doherty DT, Zeef L, Henderson NC, Kalra PA, Hanley NA, Piper Hanley K. SOX9 is required for kidney fibrosis and activates NAV3 to drive renal myofibroblast function. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/672/eabb4282. [PMID: 33653921 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common end point for kidney injury and many chronic kidney diseases. Fibrogenesis depends on the sustained activation of myofibroblasts, which deposit the extracellular matrix that causes progressive scarring and organ failure. Here, we showed that the transcription factor SOX9 was associated with kidney fibrosis in humans and required for experimentally induced kidney fibrosis in mice. From genome-wide analysis, we identified Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) as acting downstream of SOX9 in kidney fibrosis. NAV3 increased in abundance and colocalized with SOX9 after renal injury in mice, and both SOX9 and NAV3 were present in diseased human kidneys. In an in vitro model of renal pericyte transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, we demonstrated that NAV3 was required for multiple aspects of fibrogenesis, including actin polymerization linked to cell migration and sustained activation of the mechanosensitive transcription factor YAP1. In summary, our work identifies a SOX9-NAV3-YAP1 axis involved in the progression of kidney fibrosis and points to NAV3 as a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayyid Raza
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Elliot Jokl
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - James Pritchett
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Katherine Martin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Kim Su
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Kara Simpson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Lindsay Birchall
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Aoibheann F Mullan
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Varinder S Athwal
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniel T Doherty
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, UK
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. .,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
p73 - NAV3 axis plays a critical role in suppression of colon cancer metastasis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32029709 PMCID: PMC7005187 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, which transactivates p53-responsive genes and mediates DNA damage response. Recent evidences suggest that p73 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by suppressing metastasis, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a microtubule-binding protein, as a novel transcriptional target of p73, which gets upregulated by DNA damage in a p73-dependent manner and plays a vital role in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Induction of p73 in response to DNA damage leads to rapid increase in endogenous NAV3 mRNA and protein levels. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified two p73-binding sites in NAV3 promoter. Consistent with this, p73 binding to NAV3 promoter was confirmed through luciferase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis assays. Abrogation of NAV3 and p73 expression significantly increased the invasion and migration rate of colorectal cancer cells as confirmed by wound-healing, cell invasion, and cell migration assays. Also, knockdown of NAV3 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of other prominent mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the downregulation of both NAV3 and p73 expression in metastatic colon cancer tissues as compared to non-metastatic cancer tissues. Additionally, the expression pattern of NAV3 and p73 showed extensively significant correlation in both non-metastatic and metastatic human colon cancer tissue samples. Taken together, our study provide conclusive evidence that Navigator-3 is a direct transcriptional target of p73 and plays crucial role in response to genotoxic stress in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.
Collapse
|
9
|
NAV3, a Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Decreased in Uterine Leiomyoma Tissue and Cells. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:925-934. [PMID: 32046415 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NAV 3 is a tumor suppressor of unknown function in leiomyomas. The objective of this study is to assess NAV3 expression and its potential role in human uterine leiomyomas. NAV3 protein expression was examined in patient leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrial tissue samples by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. NAV3 mRNA and protein expression was assessed in leuprolide acetate- and cetrorelix-treated cell line leiomyoma samples. RNAseq analysis of placebo-treated leiomyoma compared with myometrium demonstrated the presence of transcripts encoding for several neuronal proteins. For NAV3, RNA sequence analysis demonstrated decreased expression in leiomyoma as compared with myometrium (0.86 ± 0.03 fold). Presence of NAV3 mRNA was also decreased in leiomyoma surgical samples (0.43 fold ± 0.05, p = 0.026) compared with patient-matched myometrium. Confirmatory qRT-PCR results on immortalized leiomyoma and myometrial cell lines similarly demonstrated a decrease in expression of NAV3 in leiomyomas (0.28 ± 0.02, p = 0.00075). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in NAV 3 protein in leiomyomas (H-score 154.7 ± 6.2) as compared with myometrium (H-score; 312.5 ± 14.7, p < 0.0001). Leuprolide acetate-treated leiomyoma cells demonstrated an increase in NAV 3 mRNA expression (1.53 ± 0.13, p < 0.0001). Similarly, Western blot analysis on leuprolide-treated leiomyoma cells showed a non-significant increase in NAV 3 protein expression (1.26 ± 0.09, p = 0.063). NAV 3, a tumor suppressor in numerous cancers, is decreased in leiomyoma cells and tissue compared with myometrium, and increased by GnRH analog treatment, suggesting that NAV3 may mediate steroid hormone-independent leiomyoma regulation by GnRH analogs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gug G, Huang Q, Chiticariu E, Solovan C, Baudis M. DNA copy number imbalances in primary cutaneous lymphomas. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1062-1075. [PMID: 30659659 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous lymphomas (CL) represent a clinically defined group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas harbouring heterogeneous and incompletely delineated molecular aberrations. Over the past decades, molecular studies have identified several chromosomal aberrations, but the interpretation of individual genomic studies can be challenging. OBJECTIVE With a comprehensive meta-analysis, we aim to delineate genomic alterations for different types of CL and propose a more accurate classification in line with their various pathogenicity. METHODS We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge for publications from 1996 to 2016 reporting the investigation of CL for genome-wide copy number alterations, by means of comparative genomic hybridization techniques and whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing. We then extracted and remapped the available copy number variation (CNV) data from these publications with the same pipeline and performed clustering and visualisation to aggregate samples of similar CNV profiles. RESULTS For 449 samples from 22 publications, CNV data were accessible for sample based meta-analysis. Our findings illustrate structural and numerical chromosomal imbalance patterns. Most frequent CNAs were linked to oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes with important roles in the course of the disease. CONCLUSION Summary profiles for genomic imbalances, generated from case-specific data, identified complex genomic imbalances, which could discriminate between different subtypes of CL and promise a more accurate classification. The collected data presented in this study are publicly available through the 'Progenetix' online repository.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gug
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", Timișoara, România
| | - Q Huang
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Chiticariu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", Timișoara, România
| | - C Solovan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", Timișoara, România.,Emergency City Hospital, University Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, Timișoara, România
| | - M Baudis
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang SJ, Wang PZ, Gale RP, Qin YZ, Liu YR, Lai YY, Jiang H, Jiang Q, Zhang XH, Jiang B, Xu LP, Huang XJ, Liu KY, Ruan GR. Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) transcript levels correlate with leukemia relapse and leukemia-free survival in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and normal cytogenetics. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35984-36000. [PMID: 28415593 PMCID: PMC5482632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse is the major cause of treatment-failure in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) achieving complete remission after induction chemotherapy. Greater precision identifying persons likely to relapse is important. We did bio-informatics analyses of transcriptomic data to identify mRNA transcripts aberrantly-expressed in B-cell ALL. We selected 9 candidate genes for validation 7 of which proved significantly-associated with B-cell ALL. We next focused on function and clinical correlations of the cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine gene transcript levels in bone marrow samples from 236 adults with B-cell ALL compared with samples from normals. CSRP2 was over-expressed in 228 out of 236 adults (97%) with newly-diagnosed B-cell ALL. A prognostic value was assessed in 168 subjects. In subjects with normal cytogenetics those with high CSRP2 transcript levels had a higher 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and worse relapse-free survival (RFS) compared with subjects with low transcript levels (56% [95% confidence interval, 53, 59%] vs. 19% [18, 20%]; P = 0.011 and 41% [17, 65%] vs. 80% [66–95%]; P = 0.007). In multivariate analyses a high CSRP2 transcript level was independently-associated with CIR (HR = 5.32 [1.64–17.28]; P = 0.005) and RFS (HR = 5.56 [1.87, 16.53]; P = 0.002). Functional analyses indicated CSRP2 promoted cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, in vitro colony formation and cell migration ability. Abnormal CSRP2 expression was associated with resistance to chemotherapy; sensitivity was restored by down-regulating CSRP2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Zhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, China, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Hematology Research Center, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ya-Zhen Qin
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yun Lai
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Rui Ruan
- Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lasorsa VA, Formicola D, Pignataro P, Cimmino F, Calabrese FM, Mora J, Esposito MR, Pantile M, Zanon C, De Mariano M, Longo L, Hogarty MD, de Torres C, Tonini GP, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Exome and deep sequencing of clinically aggressive neuroblastoma reveal somatic mutations that affect key pathways involved in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21840-52. [PMID: 27009842 PMCID: PMC5008327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of somatic mutation of the most aggressive forms of neuroblastoma is not completely determined. We sought to identify potential cancer drivers in clinically aggressive neuroblastoma. Whole exome sequencing was conducted on 17 germline and tumor DNA samples from high-risk patients with adverse events within 36 months from diagnosis (HR-Event3) to identify somatic mutations and deep targeted sequencing of 134 genes selected from the initial screening in additional 48 germline and tumor pairs (62.5% HR-Event3 and high-risk patients), 17 HR-Event3 tumors and 17 human-derived neuroblastoma cell lines. We revealed 22 significantly mutated genes, many of which implicated in cancer progression. Fifteen genes (68.2%) were highly expressed in neuroblastoma supporting their involvement in the disease. CHD9, a cancer driver gene, was the most significantly altered (4.0% of cases) after ALK. Other genes (PTK2, NAV3, NAV1, FZD1 and ATRX), expressed in neuroblastoma and involved in cell invasion and migration were mutated at frequency ranged from 4% to 2%. Focal adhesion and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways, were frequently disrupted (14.1% of cases) thus suggesting potential novel therapeutic strategies to prevent disease progression. Notably BARD1, CHEK2 and AXIN2 were enriched in rare, potentially pathogenic, germline variants. In summary, whole exome and deep targeted sequencing identified novel cancer genes of clinically aggressive neuroblastoma. Our analyses show pathway-level implications of infrequently mutated genes in leading neuroblastoma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Formicola
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Pignataro
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cimmino
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jaume Mora
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory and Department of Oncology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosaria Esposito
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcella Pantile
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Marilena De Mariano
- U.O.C. Bioterapie, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- U.O.C. Bioterapie, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory and Department of Oncology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Polish Lymphoma Research Group Experience With Bexarotene in the Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Am J Ther 2017; 23:e749-56. [PMID: 24732904 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bexarotene, a synthetic retinoid licensed for the treatment of refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), has been used clinically in Poland since 2007 in 21 patients. The objective of our retrospective, multicenter study was to evaluate our experience with bexarotene therapy, including efficacy, safety, and survival outcomes. We retrospectively identified 21 adult patients who were treated with bexarotene between the years 2007 and 2012. Starting dose of bexarotene was 300 mg/m per day. The analysis included 3 patients with early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF), 16 patients with advanced-stage MF, and 2 patients with Sézary syndrome (SS). The mean duration of therapy with bexarotene was 14.5 months. Use of bexarotene resulted in an overall response rate of 81.0%, although the overall mortality rate was 52.8%. In our study, early-stage CTCL responded better than advanced-stage CTCL (100.0% vs. 77.8%, respectively). The mean time to observable response was 1.8 months, and the mean duration of the response was 16.4 months. Most significant side effects were hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and a bleeding gastric ulcer. Based on the results of our analysis, bexarotene is a valuable tool in the treatment of refractory early-stage CTCL. Although a majority of patients initially responded to therapy, the high mortality rate in the advanced-stage group suggests that bexarotene does not completely resolve the therapeutic problems in all stages of CTCL. Patient stratification for bexarotene treatment may need a thorough reassessment, in that bexarotene may not be an effective drug in the very advanced stages of CTCL.
Collapse
|
15
|
Aberrant microRNA expression in tumor mycosis fungoides. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14667-14675. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
16
|
Identification of Gene Mutations and Fusion Genes in Patients with Sézary Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1490-1499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Müller-Calleja N, Rossmann H, Müller C, Wild P, Blankenberg S, Pfeiffer N, Binder H, Beutel ME, Manukyan D, Zeller T, Lackner KJ. Antiphospholipid antibodies in a large population-based cohort: genome-wide associations and effects on monocyte gene expression. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:115-23. [PMID: 27098658 DOI: 10.1160/th15-12-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by venous and/or arterial thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in women combined with the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). We aimed to identify genetic factors associated with the presence of aPL in a population based cohort. Furthermore, we wanted to clarify if the presence of aPL affects gene expression in circulating monocytes. Titres of IgG and IgM against cardiolipin, β2glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GPI), and IgG against domain 1 of β2GPI (anti-domain 1) were determined in approx. 5,000 individuals from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) a population based cohort of German descent. Genotyping was conducted on Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP 6.0 arrays. Monocyte gene expression was determined in a subgroup of 1,279 individuals by using the Illumina HT-12 v3 BeadChip. Gene expression data were confirmed in vitro and ex vivo by qRT-PCR. Genome wide analysis revealed significant associations of anti-β2GPI IgG and APOH on chromosome 17, which had been previously identified by candidate gene approaches, and of anti-domain1 and MACROD2 on chromosome 20 which has been listed in a previous GWAS as a suggestive locus associated with the occurrence of anti-β2GPI antibodies. Expression analysis confirmed increased expression of TNFα in monocytes and identified and confirmed neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) as a novel gene induced by aPL. In conclusion, MACROD2 represents a novel genetic locus associated with aPL. Furthermore, we show that aPL induce the expression of NAV3 in monocytes and endothelial cells. This will stimulate further research into the role of these genes in the APS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karl J Lackner
- Dr. Karl J. Lackner, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany, Tel.: +49 6131 177190, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cui H, Liu J, Li L, Ren J, Guo S, Bai L. Analysis of differential β variable region of T cell receptor expression and NAV3/TNFRSF1B gene mutation in mycosis fungoides. Oncotarget 2016; 7:17986-90. [PMID: 26918607 PMCID: PMC4951265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze the predominant expression of the variable region of T cell receptor (TRBV) and determine whether NAV3 or TNFRSF1B gene mutation involved in the pathogenesis of MF. Results TRBV5-7 expression increased from the normal, early-stage to advanced-stage lesion in MF patient. By contrast, TRBV2 decreased with the lesion developed. We found no mutations of NAV3 or TNFRSF1B in the lesions from this study. Materials and Methods Real-time PCR were used to screen differential expression of TRBV in different lesions. Mutational analyses were used to validate genetic alterations in the skin lesions. Conclusions The identification of TRBV gene expression differences between normal and different stages of MF lesions provide insight into promising new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. None of the reported genetic abnormalities suggests complexity of progress from a primary cytogenetic event to an advanced stage with poor prognosis in MF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Cui
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jingyu Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Shuping Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zong Y, Yu P, Cheng H, Wang H, Wang X, Liang C, Zhu H, Qin Y, Qin C. miR-29c regulates NAV3 protein expression in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2015. [PMID: 26212654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The microRNA-29 family (miRNA-29s) has three mature members, miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c, which have been implicated in the regulation of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The miR-29 family members exhibit differential regulation in various diseases and different subcellular distribution. In the present study, we initially investigated differential expression of miR-29c in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of the young APPswe/PSΔE9 mouse brain, accompanied by inverse expression of neurone navigator 3 (NAV3), a regulator of axon guidance. We observed that miR-29c directly mediated downregulation of NAV3 protein expression in vitro. The mouse NAV3 mRNA has a functional miR-29c binding site in the 3' UTR, which localized in the position between 830-836 bp of 3'UTR region, slightly different from human NAV3 mRNA binding site. These observations suggest that miR-29c may be involved in neurodegenerative processes by regulating NAV3 expression in the young AD mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zong
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Pin Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Chunlian Liang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Yejun Qin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, PR China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), No. 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cohen-Dvashi H, Ben-Chetrit N, Russell R, Carvalho S, Lauriola M, Nisani S, Mancini M, Nataraj N, Kedmi M, Roth L, Köstler W, Zeisel A, Yitzhaky A, Zylberg J, Tarcic G, Eilam R, Wigelman Y, Will R, Lavi S, Porat Z, Wiemann S, Ricardo S, Schmitt F, Caldas C, Yarden Y. Navigator-3, a modulator of cell migration, may act as a suppressor of breast cancer progression. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:299-314. [PMID: 25678558 PMCID: PMC4364947 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of primary tumor cells depends on migratory and invasive attributes. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a gene frequently mutated or deleted in human tumors, as a regulator of epithelial migration and invasion. Following induction by growth factors, NAV3 localizes to the plus ends of microtubules and enhances their polarized growth. Accordingly, NAV3 depletion trimmed microtubule growth, prolonged growth factor signaling, prevented apoptosis and enhanced random cell migration. Mathematical modeling suggested that NAV3-depleted cells acquire an advantage in terms of the way they explore their environment. In animal models, silencing NAV3 increased metastasis, whereas ectopic expression of the wild-type form, unlike expression of two, relatively unstable oncogenic mutants from human tumors, inhibited metastasis. Congruently, analyses of > 2,500 breast and lung cancer patients associated low NAV3 with shorter survival. We propose that NAV3 inhibits breast cancer progression by regulating microtubule dynamics, biasing directionally persistent rather than random migration, and inhibiting locomotion of initiated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roslin Russell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia Nisani
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nishanth Nataraj
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lee Roth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Köstler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assif Yitzhaky
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacques Zylberg
- Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabi Tarcic
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Wigelman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rainer Will
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Ricardo
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pink RC, Samuel P, Massa D, Caley DP, Brooks SA, Carter DRF. The passenger strand, miR-21-3p, plays a role in mediating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 137:143-51. [PMID: 25579119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecological cancer. A major contributor to the poor survival rate is the development of chemoresistance to platinum-based therapies such as cisplatin and carboplatin. Here we aimed to test the role of miRNAs in the acquisition of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. METHODS We used microarrays to measure miRNA levels in the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivative CP70. The role of miRNAs and the mRNA targets were tested using transfected miRNA mimics and siRNAs, respectively. Potential in vivo significance was investigated by analysing RNA levels in cohorts of ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS We identified several miRNAs that are increased in cisplatin-resistant cells. We show that most of these do not directly contribute to cisplatin resistance. Interestingly, miR-21-3p, the passenger strand of the known oncomiR, directed increased resistance to cisplatin in a range of ovarian cell lines. This effect was specific to the star strand, as miR-21-5p had the opposite effect and actually increased sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin. We identify NAV3 as a potential target of miR-21-3p and show that knockdown of NAV3 increases resistance. Exosomes released by CP70 cells were also capable of increasing resistance in A2780 cells, although this was independent of miR-21-3p. Finally, we use publically available transcriptomic data to demonstrate that miR-21-3p is raised, while NAV3 is reduced, in ovarian tumours that are resistant to platinum treatment. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miR-21-3p can induce cisplatin resistance in ovarian tumours, potentially by targeting the NAV3 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Davide Massa
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Daniel Paul Caley
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Annala MJ, Parker BC, Zhang W, Nykter M. Fusion genes and their discovery using high throughput sequencing. Cancer Lett 2013; 340:192-200. [PMID: 23376639 PMCID: PMC3675181 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fusion genes are hybrid genes that combine parts of two or more original genes. They can form as a result of chromosomal rearrangements or abnormal transcription, and have been shown to act as drivers of malignant transformation and progression in many human cancers. The biological significance of fusion genes together with their specificity to cancer cells has made them into excellent targets for molecular therapy. Fusion genes are also used as diagnostic and prognostic markers to confirm cancer diagnosis and monitor response to molecular therapies. High-throughput sequencing has enabled the systematic discovery of fusion genes in a wide variety of cancer types. In this review, we describe the history of fusion genes in cancer and the ways in which fusion genes form and affect cellular function. We also describe computational methodologies for detecting fusion genes from high-throughput sequencing experiments, and the most common sources of error that lead to false discovery of fusion genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Annala
- Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maliniemi P, Vincendeau M, Mayer J, Frank O, Hahtola S, Karenko L, Carlsson E, Mallet F, Seifarth W, Leib-Mösch C, Ranki A. Expression of human endogenous retrovirus-w including syncytin-1 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76281. [PMID: 24098463 PMCID: PMC3788054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathomechanism of mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) and a malignancy of non-recirculating, skin-resident T-cells, is unknown albeit underlying viral infections have been sought for. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient retroviral sequences in the human genome and their transcription is often deregulated in cancers. We explored the transcriptional activity of HERV sequences in a total of 34 samples comprising MF and psoriasis skin lesions, as well as corresponding non-malignant skin using a retrovirus-specific microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. To identify active HERV-W loci, we cloned the HERV-W specific RT-PCR products, sequenced the cDNA clones and assigned the sequences to HERV-W loci. Finally, we used immunohistochemistry on MF patient and non-malignant inflammatory skin samples to confirm specific HERV-encoded protein expression. Firstly, a distinct, skin-specific transcription profile consisting of five constitutively active HERV groups was established. Although individual variability was common, HERV-W showed significantly increased transcription in MF lesions compared to clinically intact skin from the same patient. Predominantly transcribed HERV-W loci were found to be located in chromosomes 6q21 and 7q21.2, chromosomal regions typically altered in CTCL. Surprisingly, we also found the expression of 7q21.2/ERVWE1-encoded Syncytin-1 (Env) protein in MF biopsies and expression of Syncytin-1 was seen in malignant lymphocytes, especially in the epidermotropic ones, in 15 of 30 cases studied. Most importantly, no Syncytin-1 expression was detected in inflammatory dermatosis (Lichen ruber planus) with skin-homing, non-malignant T lymphocytes. The expression of ERVWE1 mRNA was further confirmed in 3/7 MF lesions analyzed. Our observations strengthen the association between activated HERVs and cancer. The study offers a new perspective into the pathogenesis of CTCL since we demonstrate that differences in HERV-W transcription levels between lesional MF and non-malignant skin are significant, and that ERVWE1-encoded Syncytin-1 is expressed in MF lymphoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilvi Maliniemi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Vincendeau
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens Mayer
- Department of Human Genetics, Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Hahtola
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Karenko
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Carlsson
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francois Mallet
- Joint Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Wolfgang Seifarth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Leib-Mösch
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Carlsson E, Krohn K, Ovaska K, Lindberg P, Häyry V, Maliniemi P, Lintulahti A, Korja M, Kivisaari R, Hussein S, Sarna S, Niiranen K, Hautaniemi S, Haapasalo H, Ranki A. Neuron navigator 3 alterations in nervous system tumors associate with tumor malignancy grade and prognosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:191-201. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Carlsson
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Kai Krohn
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere FI‐33521, Finland
- CliniXion Oy, Tampere FI‐33520, Finland
| | - Kristian Ovaska
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and Genome‐Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Valtteri Häyry
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Pilvi Maliniemi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Anu Lintulahti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Miikka Korja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI‐00029, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku FI‐20520, Finland
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Samer Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Niiranen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and Genome‐Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere FI‐33521, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Background: The recently described navigator proteins have a multifaceted role in cytoskeletal dynamics. We report here on the relevance of one of them, navigator 3 (NAV3), in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We analysed changes in chromosome 12 and NAV3 copy number in CRC/adenoma samples of 59 patients and in 6 CRC cell lines, using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, loss of heterozygosity, and array-CGH. NAV3 target genes were identified by siRNA depletion, expression arrays, and immunohistochemistry. Results: NAV3 deletion and chromosome 12 polysomy were detected in 30 and 70% of microsatellite stability (MSS) carcinomas, in 23 and 30% of adenomas and in four of six CRC cell lines. NAV3 amplification was found in 25% of MSS samples. NAV3 alterations correlated with lymph node metastasis. In normal colon cells, NAV3 silencing induced upregulation of interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) and gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor. In MSS and microsatellite instability tumours, IL23R immunoreactivity correlated with Dukes’ staging and lymph node metastases, whereas nuclear beta-catenin correlated with lymph node metastases only. Conclusion: NAV3 copy number changes are frequent in CRC and in adenomas, and upregulation of IL23R, following NAV3 silencing, strongly correlates with Dukes’ staging and lymph node metastases. This suggests that NAV3 has a role in linking tissue inflammation to cancer development in the colon.
Collapse
|
26
|
Fernandez-Flores A. Comments on cutaneous lymphomas: since the WHO-2008 classification to present. Am J Dermatopathol 2011; 34:274-84. [PMID: 22126841 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31821b8bfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The last classification of lymphomas of the World Health Organization in 2008 made a few changes from the preceding classification. Although useful, at the same time, it has posed new questions, concerns, and dilemmas which have been raised in the literature. The current report highlights some of these controversies, of each of these primary cutaneous entities, going through cutaneous mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms, precursor neoplasms, and other entities, which for several reasons do not fit in the previous categories. It also reviews some advances on many of these lymphomas published in the last 2 years.
Collapse
|
27
|
Maliniemi P, Carlsson E, Kaukola A, Ovaska K, Niiranen K, Saksela O, Jeskanen L, Hautaniemi S, Ranki A. NAV3 copy number changes and target genes in basal and squamous cell cancers. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:926-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
28
|
Histopathologic diagnosis of lymphomatous versus inflammatory erythroderma: a morphologic and phenotypic study on 47 skin biopsies. Am J Dermatopathol 2011; 32:755-63. [PMID: 20559121 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e3181cfbfbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Erythroderma may be secondary to a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and various other erythrodermic inflammatory dermatoses (EID), and their histopathologic distinction is often difficult. The aim of this study was to determine if morphological parameters, namely: the presence of b-catenin, and JunB (previously shown to be expressed by CTCL cells), the epidermal CD8:CD3 ratio, and CD30 expression may help in the histopathologic diagnosis of erythroderma, especially in differentiating CTCL and EID. We retrospectively reviewed a series of 47 skin biopsies from patients with erythroderma (18 CTCL and 29 EID). The diagnosis of each case was established using clinical, biological and histopathologic data. After a blind assessment of the hematoxylin--eosin--safran stained slides, a correct diagnosis of the underlying cause of erythroderma was made only in 31% of cases. A correct differential diagnosis between lymphoma and EID was done with certainty in 57% of cases. Various morphologic and phenotypic parameters were then recorded and we compared their frequency in the CTCL versus the EID group. With the exception of atypical lymphocytes, the moderate to high density of dermal infiltrates and Pautrier microabcesses, only found in CTCL, no morphologic parameter was found to be specific of CTCL, although single lymphocytes epidermotropism, telangiectasias, and slight lymphocytic dermal infiltrate were significantly more frequent in EID. A low (<10%) CD8:CD3 ratio in the epidermal lymphocytic infiltrate and dermal CD30+ lymphocytes were significantly more frequent in CTCL. JunB expression by lymphocytes was specific of CTCL, but was inconstant in our series (17%). We found β-catenin expression in a minority of cases from both the CTCL and EID groups. Among EID, dermal suprapapillary thinning was specific of psoriasis. Neutrophils exocytosis and edema of papillary dermis were significantly more frequent in psoriasis, and spongiosis was more frequent in eczema. In conclusion, few morphological and phenotypical parameters are helpful in making a differential diagnosis between erythrodermic CTCL and EID using paraffin embedded skin biopsies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Sezary syndrome (SS) is a rare form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by erythroderma and the presence of Sezary cells in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Over the past few decades, cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic findings have revealed many genetic alterations in patients with SS. The most frequent genetic lesions include monosomy 10, losses of 10q and 17p, gains of 8q24 and 17q, and diverse structural alterations involving these regions. Expression patterns in regions of genomic imbalance show that a large number of genes in SS are deregulated, and this might have a causative role in oncogenesis. Overall, chromosomal instability is characteristic of this lymphoma and related to a poor prognosis, but no specific abnormalities that may be directly involved in development of the disease have yet been found.
Collapse
|
30
|
High-throughput mutation profiling of CTCL samples reveals KRAS and NRAS mutations sensitizing tumors toward inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK signaling cascade. Blood 2011; 117:2433-40. [PMID: 21209378 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-305128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are malignancies of skin-homing lymphoid cells, which have so far not been investigated thoroughly for common oncogenic mutations. We screened 90 biopsy specimens from CTCL patients (41 mycosis fungoides, 36 Sézary syndrome, and 13 non-mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome CTCL) for somatic mutations using OncoMap technology. We detected oncogenic mutations for the RAS pathway in 4 of 90 samples. One mycosis fungoides and one pleomorphic CTCL harbored a KRAS(G13D) mutation; one Sézary syndrome and one CD30(+) CTCL harbored a NRAS(Q61K) amino acid change. All mutations were found in stage IV patients (4 of 42) who showed significantly decreased overall survival compared with stage IV patients without mutations (P = .04). In addition, we detected a NRAS(Q61K) mutation in the CTCL cell line Hut78. Knockdown of NRAS by siRNA induced apoptosis in mutant Hut78 cells but not in CTCL cell lines lacking RAS mutations. The NRAS(Q61K) mutation sensitized Hut78 cells toward growth inhibition by the MEK inhibitors U0126, AZD6244, and PD0325901. Furthermore, we found that MEK inhibitors exclusively induce apoptosis in Hut78 cells. Taken together, we conclude that RAS mutations are rare events at a late stage of CTCL, and our preclinical results suggest that such late-stage patients profit from MEK inhibitors.
Collapse
|
31
|
Discovery of recurrent t(6;7)(p25.3;q32.3) translocations in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphomas by massively parallel genomic sequencing. Blood 2010; 117:915-9. [PMID: 21030553 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-303305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetics of peripheral T-cell lymphomas are poorly understood. The most well-characterized abnormalities are translocations involving ALK, occurring in approximately half of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs). To gain insight into the genetics of ALCLs lacking ALK translocations, we combined mate-pair DNA library construction, massively parallel ("Next Generation") sequencing, and a novel bioinformatic algorithm. We identified a balanced translocation disrupting the DUSP22 phosphatase gene on 6p25.3 and adjoining the FRA7H fragile site on 7q32.3 in a systemic ALK-negative ALCL. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that the t(6;7)(p25.3;q32.3) was recurrent in ALK-negative ALCLs. Furthermore, t(6;7)(p25.3;q32.3) was associated with down-regulation of DUSP22 and up-regulation of MIR29 microRNAs on 7q32.3. These findings represent the first recurrent translocation reported in ALK-negative ALCL and highlight the utility of massively parallel genomic sequencing to discover novel translocations in lymphoma and other cancers.
Collapse
|
32
|
Duhagon MA, Hurt EM, Sotelo-Silveira JR, Zhang X, Farrar WL. Genomic profiling of tumor initiating prostatospheres. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:324. [PMID: 20500816 PMCID: PMC2900264 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis proposes that a population of tumor cells bearing stem cell properties is responsible for the origin and maintenance of tumors. Normal and cancer stem cells possess the ability to grow in vitro as self-renewing spheres, but the molecular basis of this phenotype remains largely unknown. We intended to establish a comprehensive culture system to grow prostatospheres (PSs) from both cancer cell lines and patient tumors. We then used gene expression microarrays to gain insight on the molecular pathways that sustain the PS tumor initiating cell (TIC) phenotype. Results Traditional stem cell medium (SCM) supplemented with Knockout™SR (KO) allows the propagation of monoclonal PSs from cell lines and primary cells. PSs display gene expression and tumorigenicity hallmarks of TICs. Gene expression analysis defined a gene signature composed of 66 genes that characterize LNCaP and patient PSs. This set includes novel prostate TIC growth factors (NRP1, GDF1, JAG1), proteins implicated in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal maintenance, transcriptional regulators (MYCBP, MYBL1, ID1, ID3, FOS, ELF3, ELF4, KLF2, KLF5) and factors involved in protein biosynthesis and metabolism. Meta-analysis in Oncomine reveals that some of these genes correlate with prostate cancer status and/or progression. Reporter genes and inhibitors indicate that the Notch pathway contributes to prostatosphere growth. Conclusions We have developed a model for the culture of PSs, and provide a genomic profile that support CSCs identity. This signature identifies novel markers and pathways that are predicted to correlate with prostate cancer evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ana Duhagon
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Salgado R, Servitje O, Gallardo F, Vermeer MH, Ortiz-Romero PL, Karpova MB, Zipser MC, Muniesa C, García-Muret MP, Estrach T, Salido M, Sánchez-Schmidt J, Herrera M, Romagosa V, Suela J, Ferreira BI, Cigudosa JC, Barranco C, Serrano S, Dummer R, Tensen CP, Solé F, Pujol RM, Espinet B. Oligonucleotide Array-CGH Identifies Genomic Subgroups and Prognostic Markers for Tumor Stage Mycosis Fungoides. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1126-35. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
34
|
Pham-Ledard A, Prochazkova-Carlotti M, Laharanne E, Vergier B, Jouary T, Beylot-Barry M, Merlio JP. IRF4 Gene Rearrangements Define a Subgroup of CD30-Positive Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Study of 54 Cases. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:816-25. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
35
|
Shioya M, Obayashi S, Tabunoki H, Arima K, Saito Y, Ishida T, Satoh J. Aberrant microRNA expression in the brains of neurodegenerative diseases: miR-29a decreased in Alzheimer disease brains targets neurone navigator 3. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010; 36:320-30. [PMID: 20202123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate translational repression of target mRNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that various miRNAs, expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled that manner in the brain plays a key role in neuronal development. However, at present, the pathological implication of aberrant miRNA expression in neurodegenerative events remains largely unknown. To identify miRNAs closely associated with neurodegeneration, we performed miRNA expression profiling of brain tissues of various neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We initially studied the frontal cortex derived from three amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients by using a microarray of 723 human miRNAs. This was followed by enlargement of study population with quantitative RT-PCR analysis (n = 21). RESULTS By microarray analysis, we identified up-regulation of miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-338-3p in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brains, but due to a great interindividual variation, we could not validate these results by quantitative RT-PCR. However, we found significant down-regulation of miR-29a in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. The database search on TargetScan, PicTar and miRBase Target identified neurone navigator 3 (NAV3), a regulator of axon guidance, as a principal target of miR-29a, and actually NAV3 mRNA levels were elevated in AD brains. MiR-29a-mediated down-regulation of NAV3 was verified by the luciferase reporter assay. By immunohistochemistry, NAV3 expression was most evidently enhanced in degenerating pyramidal neurones in the cerebral cortex of AD. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest the hypothesis that underexpression of miR-29a affects neurodegenerative processes by enhancing neuronal NAV3 expression in AD brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shioya
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
The identification of chromosomal translocation, t(4;6)(q22;q15), in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2010; 13:117-25. [PMID: 20177423 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2010.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work identified a chromosomal translocation t(4;6) in prostate cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Using probes located on 4q22 and 6q15, the breakpoints identified in LNCaP cells, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to detect this translocation in a large series of clinical localized prostate cancer samples treated conservatively. We found that t(4;6)(q22;q15) occurred in 78 of 667 cases (11.7%). The t(4;6)(q22;q15) was not independently associated with patient outcome. However, it occurs more frequently in high clinical T stage, high tumor volume specimens and in those with high baseline PSA (P=0.001, 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The t(4;6)(q22;q15) occurred more frequently in samples with two or more TMPRSS2:ERG fusion genes caused by internal deletion than in samples without these genomic alterations, but this correlation is not statistically significant (P=0.0628). The potential role of this translocation in the development of human prostate cancer is discussed.
Collapse
|
37
|
Genome-wide analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas identifies three clinically relevant classes. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1707-18. [PMID: 20130593 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to identify recurrent genetic alterations of the three main types of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs): mycosis fungoides (MF), Sézary syndrome (SS), and cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (CALCL). Using array-based comparative genomic hybridization, the molecular cytogenetic profiles of 72 samples obtained from 58 patients with CTCL corresponding to 24 transformed MF (T-MF), 16 SS, and 18 CALCLs were determined. T-MF was characterized by gains of 1q25-31, 7p22-11.2, 7q21, 7q31, and 17q12, and losses of 9p21, 10p11.2, and 10q26. SS exhibited gains of 8q23-24.3 and 17q23-24, as well as losses of 9p21, 10p12-11.2, 10q22-24, 10q25-26, and 17p13-q11.1. Finally, CALCL exhibited 6q27 and 13q34 losses. Such imbalances were statistically associated with one CTCL subtype. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering defined three categories of clinical relevance: (1) CALCL apart from epidermotropic-CTCL, (2) an SS-only category, and (3) a mixed category with T-MF and SS cases, with both primary and secondary SS cases. In rare cases, the genetic classification did not correspond to the inclusion diagnosis, possibly reflecting the association of two diseases in the same patient or initial misdiagnosis according to follow-up. Finally, different samples in the same patient clustered together, showing reproducibility of such a classifier.
Collapse
|
38
|
Stringham EG, Schmidt KL. Navigating the cell: UNC-53 and the navigators, a family of cytoskeletal regulators with multiple roles in cell migration, outgrowth and trafficking. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:342-6. [PMID: 19684480 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.4.9451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell shape are associated with a variety of processes including cell migration, axon outgrowth, cell division and vesicle trafficking. C. elegans UNC-53 and its vertebrate homologs, the Navigators, are required for the migration of cells and the outgrowth of neuronal processes. The identification of novel molecular interactions and live imaging studies have revealed that UNC-53/NAVs are signal transducers associated with actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. In addition to modulating cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge of migrating or outgrowing cells, both UNC-53 and the navigators are expressed in adult cells, conspicuously those with specialized roles in endocytosis or secretion. Collectively, these results suggest that UNC-53/NAVs may be a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, responsible for integrating signaling cues to multiple components of the cytoskeleton to coordinate rearrangement during cell outgrowth or trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve G Stringham
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
van Haren J, Draegestein K, Keijzer N, Abrahams JP, Grosveld F, Peeters PJ, Moechars D, Galjart N. Mammalian Navigators are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins that can reorganize the cytoskeleton to induce neurite-like extensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:824-38. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Kawai K, Uchida Y, Yonekura K, Virtanen S, Tähtinen M, Krohn K, Ranki A, Kanekura T. Cutaneous-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma does not primarily show deletion of NAV3 gene. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:316-8. [PMID: 19626031 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
41
|
Carbone A, Bernardini L, Valenzano F, Bottillo I, De Simone C, Capizzi R, Capalbo A, Romano F, Novelli A, Dallapiccola B, Amerio P. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization in early-stage mycosis fungoides: recurrent deletion of tumor suppressor genes BCL7A, SMAC/DIABLO, and RHOF. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:1067-75. [PMID: 18663754 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of mycosis fungoides (MF), the most frequent form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), is poorly understood. No specific genetic aberration has been detected, especially in early-stage disease, possibly due to the clinical and histological heterogeneity of patient series and to the different sources of malignant cells (skin, blood, or lymph node) included in most studies. Frozen skin biopsies from 16 patients with early-stage MF were studied using array-based comparative genomic hybridization. A DNA pool from healthy donors was used as the reference. Results demonstrated recurrent loss of 19, 7p22.1-p22.3, 7q11.1-q11.23, 9q34.12, 12q24.31, and 16q22.3-q23.1, and gain of 8q22.3-q23.1 and 21q22.12. The 12q24.31 region was recurrently deleted in 7/16 patients. Real-time PCR investigation for deletion of genes BCL7A, SMAC/DIABLO, and RHOF-three tumor suppressor genes with a putative role in hematological malignancies-demonstrated that they were deleted in 9, 10, and 13 cases, respectively. The identified genomic alterations and individual genes could yield important insights into the early steps of MF pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Carbone
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas Do not Show Specific NAV3 Gene Deletion or Translocation. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:2458-66. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
43
|
Hahtola S, Burghart E, Puputti M, Karenko L, Abdel-Rahman WM, Väkevä L, Jeskanen L, Virolainen S, Karvonen J, Salmenkivi K, Kinnula V, Joensuu H, Peltomäki P, Klein CA, Ranki A. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated lung cancers show chromosomal aberrations differing from primary lung cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:107-17. [PMID: 17985357 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients have an increased risk of certain secondary cancers, the most common of which are lung cancers, especially small cell lung cancer. To reveal the molecular pathogenesis underlying CTCL-associated lung cancer, we analyzed genomic aberrations in CTCL-associated and reference lung cancer samples. DNA derived from microdissected lung cancer cells of five CTCL-associated lung cancers and five reference lung cancers without CTCL association was analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis were performed for selected genes. In CTCL-associated lung cancer, CGH revealed chromosomal aberrations characterizing both lung cancer and CTCL, but also losses of 1p, and 19, and gains of 4q and 7, hallmarks of CTCL. LOH for the CTCL-associated NAV3 gene was detected in two of the four informative primary lung cancers. FISH revealed increased copy number of the KIT gene in 3/4 of CTCL-associated lung cancers and 1/5 of primary lung cancers. PDGFRA and VEGFR2 copy numbers were also increased. IHC showed moderate KIT expression when the gene copy number was increased. CTCL-associated lung cancer shows chromosomal aberrations different from primary lung cancer, especially amplifications of 4q, a chromosome arm frequently deleted in the latter tumor type. Copy numbers and expression of selected genes in chromosome 4 differed between CTCL-associated and reference lung cancers. These preliminary observations warrant further prospective studies to identify the common underlying factors between CTCL and CTCL-associated lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hahtola
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Correction: NAV3 Gene Deletion/Translocation in CTCL. Cancer Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-68-18-cor1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Clinicopathological Characterization and Genomic Aberrations in Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:2304-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
46
|
Vermeer MH, van Doorn R, Dijkman R, Mao X, Whittaker S, van Voorst Vader PC, Gerritsen MJP, Geerts ML, Gellrich S, Soderberg O, Leuchowius KJ, Landegren U, Out-Luiting JJ, Knijnenburg J, IJszenga M, Szuhai K, Willemze R, Tensen CP. Novel and Highly Recurrent Chromosomal Alterations in Sezary Syndrome. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2689-98. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
47
|
Morozova O, Marra MA. From cytogenetics to next-generation sequencing technologies: advances in the detection of genome rearrangements in tumorsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Systems and Chemical Biology, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 86:81-91. [PMID: 18443621 DOI: 10.1139/o08-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome rearrangements have long been recognized as hallmarks of human tumors and have been used to diagnose cancer. Techniques used to detect genome rearrangements have evolved from microscopic examinations of chromosomes to the more recent microarray-based approaches. The availability of next-generation sequencing technologies may provide a means for scrutinizing entire cancer genomes and transcriptomes at unparalleled resolution. Here we review the methods that have been used to detect genome rearrangements and discuss the scope and limitations of each approach. We end with a discussion of the potential that next-generation sequencing technologies may offer to the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Morozova
- BC Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Suite 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A. Marra
- BC Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Suite 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the most common of the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, which are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect the skin as a primary site. Although the aetiologies of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are unknown, important insights have been gained in the immunological and genetic perturbations that are associated with these diseases. Unlike some B-cell lymphomas, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas as a group are rarely if ever curable and hence need chronic-disease management. New approaches to treatments are being investigated and include biological and cytotoxic drugs, phototherapy, and monoclonal antibodies that are directed towards novel molecular targets. New molecular technologies such as complementary-DNA microarray have the potential to increase the accuracy of diagnosis and provide important prognostic information. Treatments can be combined to greatly improve clinical outcome without substantially increasing toxic effects in advanced disease that is otherwise difficult to treat. Although present treatment strategies are generally not curative, there is hope that experimental treatments, particularly immunotherapy, might eventually reverse or suppress the abnormalities of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome to the point at which they become non-life-threatening, chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam T Hwang
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Karenko L, Hahtola S, Ranki A. Molecular cytogenetics in the study of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:353-61. [DOI: 10.1159/000108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
50
|
Dummer R, Assaf C, Bagot M, Gniadecki R, Hauschild A, Knobler R, Ranki A, Stadler R, Whittaker S. Maintenance therapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Who, when, what? Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:2321-9. [PMID: 17707638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of current therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is to induce clinically meaningful remission, provide symptom relief, improve patient quality of life (QoL) and prolong disease-free and overall survival. A key research question is whether such remissions or minimal disease status can be maintained in the long term. There have been few formal studies of maintenance therapy in CTCL. Some skin-directed therapies such as total-skin electron-beam therapy and high-dose psoralen plus ultraviolet A may not be considered suitable, because of the risk of long-term cumulative toxicities. Other therapies such as nitrogen mustard, interferon (IFN)-alpha and bexarotene have demonstrated positive effects in prolonging remissions in small numbers of patients. Large longitudinal studies are required to investigate the efficacy of maintenance treatments in CTCL and their impact on patients' QoL and overall survival. Of the systemic therapies currently approved for the treatment of CTCL, bexarotene and IFN-alpha are obvious candidates for testing, because they can be self-administered by the patient and provide good long-term tolerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|