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Mlakar V, Dupanloup I, Gonzales F, Papangelopoulou D, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. 17q Gain in Neuroblastoma: A Review of Clinical and Biological Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:338. [PMID: 38254827 PMCID: PMC10814316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent extracranial solid childhood tumor. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of this disease, the prognosis in cases of high-risk NB is still poor. 17q gain has been shown to be the most frequent genomic alteration in NB. However, the significance of this remains unclear because of its high frequency and association with other genetic modifications, particularly segmental chromosomal aberrations, 1p and 11q deletions, and MYCN amplification, all of which are also associated with a poor clinical prognosis. This work reviewed the evidence on the clinical and biological significance of 17q gain. It strongly supports the significance of 17q gain in the development of NB and its importance as a clinically relevant marker. However, it is crucial to distinguish between whole and partial chromosome 17q gains. The most important breakpoints appear to be at 17q12 and 17q21. The former distinguishes between whole and partial chromosome 17q gain; the latter is a site of IGF2BP1 and NME1 genes that appear to be the main oncogenes responsible for the functional effects of 17q gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
| | - Isabelle Dupanloup
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Amphipôle, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Gonzales
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danai Papangelopoulou
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Zhang X, Yang C, Meng Z, Zhong H, Hou X, Wang F, Lu Y, Guo J, Zeng Y. miR-124 and VAMP3 Act Antagonistically in Human Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14877. [PMID: 37834325 PMCID: PMC10573497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor that affects developing nerve cells in the fetus, infants, and children. miR-124 is a microRNA (miRNA) enriched in neuronal tissues, and VAMP3 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 3) has been reported to be an miR-124 target, although the relationship between NB and miR-124 or VAMP3 is unknown. Our current work identified that miR-124 levels are high in NB cases and that elevated miR-124 correlates with worse NB outcomes. Conversely, depressed VAMP3 correlates with worse NB outcomes. To investigate the mechanisms by which miR-124 and VAMP3 regulate NB, we altered miR-124 or VAMP3 expression in human NB cells and observed that increased miR-124 and reduced VAMP3 stimulated cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, while increased VAMP3 had the opposite effects. Genome-wide mRNA expression analyses identified gene and pathway changes which might explain the NB cell phenotypes. Together, our studies suggest that miR-124 and VAMP3 could be potential new markers of NB and targets of NB treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengyong Yang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhong
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xutian Hou
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Centre in Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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3
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Cazarin J, DeRollo RE, Ahmad Shahidan SNAB, Burchett JB, Mwangi D, Krishnaiah S, Hsieh AL, Walton ZE, Brooks R, Mello SS, Weljie AM, Dang CV, Altman BJ. MYC disrupts transcriptional and metabolic circadian oscillations in cancer and promotes enhanced biosynthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522637. [PMID: 36711638 PMCID: PMC9881876 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock, which controls rhythmic 24-hour oscillation of genes, proteins, and metabolites in healthy tissues, is disrupted across many human cancers. Deregulated expression of the MYC oncoprotein has been shown to alter expression of molecular clock genes, leading to a disruption of molecular clock oscillation across cancer types. It remains unclear what benefit cancer cells gain from suppressing clock oscillation, and how this loss of molecular clock oscillation impacts global gene expression and metabolism in cancer. We hypothesized that MYC or its paralog N-MYC (collectively termed MYC herein) suppress oscillation of gene expression and metabolism to upregulate pathways involved in biosynthesis in a static, non-oscillatory fashion. To test this, cells from distinct cancer types with inducible MYC were examined, using time-series RNA-sequencing and metabolomics, to determine the extent to which MYC activation disrupts global oscillation of genes, gene expression pathways, and metabolites. We focused our analyses on genes, pathways, and metabolites that changed in common across multiple cancer cell line models. We report here that MYC disrupted over 85% of oscillating genes, while instead promoting enhanced ribosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed cell attachment pathways. Notably, when MYC is activated, biosynthetic programs that were formerly circadian flipped to being upregulated in an oscillation-free manner. Further, activation of MYC ablates the oscillation of nutrient transporter proteins while greatly upregulating transporter expression, cell surface localization, and intracellular amino acid pools. Finally, we report that MYC disrupts metabolite oscillations and the temporal segregation of amino acid metabolism from nucleotide metabolism. Our results demonstrate that MYC disruption of the molecular circadian clock releases metabolic and biosynthetic processes from circadian control, which may provide a distinct advantage to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cazarin
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rachel E. DeRollo
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Jamison B. Burchett
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mwangi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Saikumari Krishnaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephano S. Mello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Cazarin J, DeRollo RE, Shahidan SNABA, Burchett JB, Mwangi D, Krishnaiah S, Hsieh AL, Walton ZE, Brooks R, Mello SS, Weljie AM, Dang CV, Altman BJ. MYC disrupts transcriptional and metabolic circadian oscillations in cancer and promotes enhanced biosynthesis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010904. [PMID: 37639465 PMCID: PMC10491404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock, which controls rhythmic 24-hour oscillation of genes, proteins, and metabolites in healthy tissues, is disrupted across many human cancers. Deregulated expression of the MYC oncoprotein has been shown to alter expression of molecular clock genes, leading to a disruption of molecular clock oscillation across cancer types. It remains unclear what benefit cancer cells gain from suppressing clock oscillation, and how this loss of molecular clock oscillation impacts global gene expression and metabolism in cancer. We hypothesized that MYC or its paralog N-MYC (collectively termed MYC herein) suppress oscillation of gene expression and metabolism to upregulate pathways involved in biosynthesis in a static, non-oscillatory fashion. To test this, cells from distinct cancer types with inducible MYC were examined, using time-series RNA-sequencing and metabolomics, to determine the extent to which MYC activation disrupts global oscillation of genes, gene expression pathways, and metabolites. We focused our analyses on genes, pathways, and metabolites that changed in common across multiple cancer cell line models. We report here that MYC disrupted over 85% of oscillating genes, while instead promoting enhanced ribosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed cell attachment pathways. Notably, when MYC is activated, biosynthetic programs that were formerly circadian flipped to being upregulated in an oscillation-free manner. Further, activation of MYC ablates the oscillation of nutrient transporter proteins while greatly upregulating transporter expression, cell surface localization, and intracellular amino acid pools. Finally, we report that MYC disrupts metabolite oscillations and the temporal segregation of amino acid metabolism from nucleotide metabolism. Our results demonstrate that MYC disruption of the molecular circadian clock releases metabolic and biosynthetic processes from circadian control, which may provide a distinct advantage to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cazarin
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. DeRollo
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Siti Noor Ain Binti Ahmad Shahidan
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jamison B. Burchett
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mwangi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Saikumari Krishnaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Annie L. Hsieh
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zandra E. Walton
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Brooks
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephano S. Mello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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5
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Shi C, Luo W, Sun C, Yu L, Zhou X, Hua D, Jiang Z, Wang Q, Yu S. The miR-29 family members induce glioblastoma cell apoptosis by targeting cell division cycle 42 in a p53-dependent manner. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13964. [PMID: 36727260 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has shown that miR-29 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for malignancies. The roles of miR-29a/b/c in glioma pathogenesis remain need further investigation. METHODS The expression levels of miR-29a/b/c and CDC42 were systematically analysed, and prognostic significance was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. The roles of miR-29a/b/c in apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms were explored via an alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, caspase 3/7 activity assays and Western blotting. RESULTS miR-29a/b/c expression decreased progressively with the elevation of the WHO grade in our 147 human glioma specimens, compared with 20 non-tumour control brain tissues, and decreased miR-29a/b/c expression was associated with more aggressive phenotypes. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses demonstrated that lower miR-29a/b/c expression was correlated with worse prognosis, which was confirmed by analysis of 198 glioma patients from the CGGA cohort. These all indicate that miR-29a/b/c were independent predictors of prognosis in glioma patients. miR-29a/b/c induced apoptosis in GBM cells by silencing CDC42. Further detailed mechanistic investigation revealed that miR-29a/b/c promoted apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner by suppressing the CDC42/PAK/AKT/MDM2 pathway. CONCLUSIONS miR-29a/b/c are independent predictors of prognosis in glioma patients. They induce glioblastoma cell apoptosis via silencing of CDC42 and suppression of downstream PAK/AKT/MDM2 signalling in a p53-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijuan Shi
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexia Zhou
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Hua
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhendong Jiang
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhu Yu
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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6
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Epigenetic state determines inflammatory sensing in neuroblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2102358119. [PMID: 35121657 PMCID: PMC8832972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102358119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but many cancers are not impacted by currently available immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, we investigated inflammatory signaling pathways in neuroblastoma, a classically "cold" pediatric cancer. By testing the functional response of a panel of 20 diverse neuroblastoma cell lines to three different inflammatory stimuli, we found that all cell lines have intact interferon signaling, and all but one lack functional cytosolic DNA sensing via cGAS-STING. However, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensing via Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was heterogeneous, as was signaling through other dsRNA sensors and TLRs more broadly. Seven cell lines showed robust response to dsRNA, six of which are in the mesenchymal epigenetic state, while all unresponsive cell lines are in the adrenergic state. Genetically switching adrenergic cell lines toward the mesenchymal state fully restored responsiveness. In responsive cells, dsRNA sensing results in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, enrichment of inflammatory transcriptomic signatures, and increased tumor killing by T cells in vitro. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data, we show that human neuroblastoma cells with stronger mesenchymal signatures have a higher basal inflammatory state, demonstrating intratumoral heterogeneity in inflammatory signaling that has significant implications for immunotherapeutic strategies in this aggressive childhood cancer.
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7
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Crosas-Molist E, Samain R, Kohlhammer L, Orgaz J, George S, Maiques O, Barcelo J, Sanz-Moreno V. RhoGTPase Signalling in Cancer Progression and Dissemination. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:455-510. [PMID: 34541899 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are a family of small G proteins that regulate a wide array of cellular processes related to their key roles controlling the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, cancer is a multi-step disease caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, from the initial stages of cancer development when cells in normal tissues undergo transformation, to the acquisition of invasive and metastatic traits, responsible for a large number of cancer related deaths. In this review, we discuss the role of Rho GTPase signalling in cancer in every step of disease progression. Rho GTPases contribute to tumour initiation and progression, by regulating proliferation and apoptosis, but also metabolism, senescence and cell stemness. Rho GTPases play a major role in cell migration, and in the metastatic process. They are also involved in interactions with the tumour microenvironment and regulate inflammation, contributing to cancer progression. After years of intensive research, we highlight the importance of relevant models in the Rho GTPase field, and we reflect on the therapeutic opportunities arising for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Crosas-Molist
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Remi Samain
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Kohlhammer
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Orgaz
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samantha George
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaume Barcelo
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Mannion AJ, Odell AF, Taylor A, Jones PF, Cook GP. Tumour cell CD99 regulates transendothelial migration via CDC42 and actin remodelling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs240135. [PMID: 34374417 PMCID: PMC8403985 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis requires tumour cells to cross endothelial cell (EC) barriers using pathways similar to those used by leucocytes during inflammation. Cell surface CD99 is expressed by healthy leucocytes and ECs, and participates in inflammatory transendothelial migration (TEM). Tumour cells also express CD99, and we have analysed its role in tumour progression and cancer cell TEM. Tumour cell CD99 was required for adhesion to ECs but inhibited invasion of the endothelial barrier and migratory activity. Furthermore, CD99 depletion in tumour cells caused redistribution of the actin cytoskeleton and increased activity of the Rho GTPase CDC42, known for its role in actin remodelling and cell migration. In a xenograft model of breast cancer, tumour cell CD99 expression inhibited metastatic progression, and patient samples showed reduced expression of the CD99 gene in brain metastases compared to matched primary breast tumours. We conclude that CD99 negatively regulates CDC42 and cell migration. However, CD99 has both pro- and anti-tumour activity, and our data suggest that this results in part from its functional linkage to CDC42 and the diverse signalling pathways downstream of this Rho GTPase. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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9
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Agarwal E, Altman BJ, Seo JH, Ghosh JC, Kossenkov AV, Tang HY, Krishn SR, Languino LR, Gabrilovich DI, Speicher DW, Dang CV, Altieri DC. Myc-mediated transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 controls primary and metastatic tumor growth. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10407-10414. [PMID: 31097545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac119.008656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in cancer continues to be debated, and whether exploitation of mitochondrial functions is a general hallmark of malignancy or a tumor- or context-specific response is still unknown. Using a variety of cancer cell lines and several technical approaches, including siRNA-mediated gene silencing, ChIP assays, global metabolomics and focused metabolite analyses, bioenergetics, and cell viability assays, we show that two oncogenic Myc proteins, c-Myc and N-Myc, transcriptionally control the expression of the mitochondrial chaperone TNFR-associated protein-1 (TRAP1) in cancer. In turn, this Myc-mediated regulation preserved the folding and function of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex II and IV subunits, dampened reactive oxygen species production, and enabled oxidative bioenergetics in tumor cells. Of note, we found that genetic or pharmacological targeting of this pathway shuts off tumor cell motility and invasion, kills Myc-expressing cells in a TRAP1-dependent manner, and suppresses primary and metastatic tumor growth in vivo We conclude that exploitation of mitochondrial functions is a general trait of tumorigenesis and that this reliance of cancer cells on mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways could offer an actionable therapeutic target in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Agarwal
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program
| | - Brian J Altman
- the Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jae Ho Seo
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program
| | | | | | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program.,the Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Lucia R Languino
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program.,the Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program
| | - David W Speicher
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program.,Center for Systems and Computational Biology, and.,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Chi V Dang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10017
| | - Dario C Altieri
- From the Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, .,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program
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10
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Filić V, Marinović M, Šoštar M, Weber I. Modulation of small GTPase activity by NME proteins. J Transl Med 2018; 98:589-601. [PMID: 29434248 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NME proteins are reported to influence signal transduction activity of small GTPases from the Ras superfamily by diverse mechanisms in addition to their generic NDP kinase activity, which replenishes the cytoplasmic pool of GTP. Comprehensive evidence shows that NME proteins modulate the activity of Ras GTPases, in particular members of the Rho family, via binding to their major activators GEFs. Direct interaction between several NMEs and Ras GTPases were also indicated in vitro and in vivo. These modes of regulation are mainly independent of the NME's kinase activity. NMEs also modulate the Ras-mediated signal transduction by interfering with the formation of a Ras signaling complex at the plasma membrane. In several examples, NMEs were proposed to perform the role of GAP proteins by promoting hydrolysis of the bound GTP, but this activity still requires additional verification. Early suggestions that NMEs can activate small GTPases by direct phosphorylation of the bound GDP, or by high-rate loading of GTP onto a closely apposed GTPase, were largely dismissed. In this review article, we survey and put into perspective published examples of identified and hypothetical mechanisms of Ras signaling modulation by NME proteins. We also point out involvement of NMEs in the transcriptional regulation of components of Ras GTPases-mediated signal transduction pathways, and reciprocal regulation of NME function by small GTPases, particularly related to NME's binding to membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Filić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Marinović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Šoštar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Weber
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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11
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NDPKA is not just a metastasis suppressor - be aware of its metastasis-promoting role in neuroblastoma. J Transl Med 2018; 98:219-227. [PMID: 28991262 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NDPK-A, encoded by nm23-H1 (also known as NME1) was the first metastasis suppressor discovered. Much of the attention has been focused on the metastasis-suppressing role of NDPK-A in human tumors, including breast carcinoma and melanoma. However, compelling evidence points to a metastasis-promoting role of NDPK-A in certain tumors such as neuroblastoma and lymphoma. To balance attention on this contrariety of NDPK-A in different cancer types, this review addresses the metastasis-promoting role of NDPK-A in neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma is an embryonic tumor, arising from neural crest cells that fail to differentiate into the sympathetic nervous system. We summarize and discuss nm23-H1 genetics and the prognosis of neuroblastoma, structural and functional changes associated with the S120G mutation of NDPK-A, as well as the evidence supporting the role of NDPK-A as a metastasis promoter. Also discussed are the NDPK-A relevant molecular determinants of neuroblastoma metastasis, and metastasis-relevant neural crest development. Because of NDPK-A's dichotomous role in tumor metastasis as both a suppressor and a promoter, tumor genome/exome profiles are necessary to identify the molecular drivers of metastasis in the NDPK-A network for developing tumor-specific therapies.
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12
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Bu Y, Yoshida A, Chitnis N, Altman BJ, Tameire F, Oran A, Gennaro V, Armeson KE, McMahon SB, Wertheim GB, Dang CV, Ruggero D, Koumenis C, Fuchs SY, Diehl JA. A PERK-miR-211 axis suppresses circadian regulators and protein synthesis to promote cancer cell survival. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:104-115. [PMID: 29230015 PMCID: PMC5741512 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-017-0006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress-activated signalling pathway that regulates cell proliferation, metabolism and survival. The circadian clock coordinates metabolism and signal transduction with light/dark cycles. We explore how UPR signalling interfaces with the circadian clock. UPR activation induces a 10 h phase shift in circadian oscillations through induction of miR-211, a PERK-inducible microRNA that transiently suppresses both Bmal1 and Clock, core circadian regulators. Molecular investigation reveals that miR-211 directly regulates Bmal1 and Clock via distinct mechanisms. Suppression of Bmal1 and Clock has the anticipated impact on expression of select circadian genes, but we also find that repression of Bmal1 is essential for UPR-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis and cell adaptation to stresses that disrupt endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Our data demonstrate that c-Myc-dependent activation of the UPR inhibits Bmal1 in Burkitt's lymphoma, thereby suppressing both circadian oscillation and ongoing protein synthesis to facilitate tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nilesh Chitnis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brian J Altman
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Feven Tameire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Oran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Gennaro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kent E Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Steven B McMahon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald B Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Departments of Urology and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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13
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Bosse KR, Raman P, Zhu Z, Lane M, Martinez D, Heitzeneder S, Rathi KS, Kendsersky NM, Randall M, Donovan L, Morrissy S, Sussman RT, Zhelev DV, Feng Y, Wang Y, Hwang J, Lopez G, Harenza JL, Wei JS, Pawel B, Bhatti T, Santi M, Ganguly A, Khan J, Marra MA, Taylor MD, Dimitrov DS, Mackall CL, Maris JM. Identification of GPC2 as an Oncoprotein and Candidate Immunotherapeutic Target in High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:295-309.e12. [PMID: 28898695 PMCID: PMC5600520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed an RNA-sequencing-based pipeline to discover differentially expressed cell-surface molecules in neuroblastoma that meet criteria for optimal immunotherapeutic target safety and efficacy. Here, we show that GPC2 is a strong candidate immunotherapeutic target in this childhood cancer. We demonstrate high GPC2 expression in neuroblastoma due to MYCN transcriptional activation and/or somatic gain of the GPC2 locus. We confirm GPC2 to be highly expressed on most neuroblastomas, but not detectable at appreciable levels in normal childhood tissues. In addition, we demonstrate that GPC2 is required for neuroblastoma proliferation. Finally, we develop a GPC2-directed antibody-drug conjugate that is potently cytotoxic to GPC2-expressing neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, these findings validate GPC2 as a non-mutated neuroblastoma oncoprotein and candidate immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pichai Raman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Maria Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan M Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Randall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Donovan
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Robyn T Sussman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yang Feng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jennifer Hwang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jo Lynne Harenza
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun S Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Malignant carcinomas are often characterized by metastasis, the movement of carcinoma cells from a primary site to colonize distant organs. For metastasis to occur, carcinoma cells first must adopt a pro-migratory phenotype and move through the surrounding stroma towards a blood or lymphatic vessel. Currently, there are very limited possibilities to target these processes therapeutically. The family of Rho GTPases is an ubiquitously expressed division of GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and intracellular signaling. The best characterized members of the Rho family GTPases are RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. Abnormalities in Rho GTPase function have major consequences for cancer progression. Rho GTPase activation is driven by cell surface receptors that activate GTP exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on Rho GTPase function in the regulation of metastasis. We will focus on key discoveries in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), cell-cell junctions, formation of membrane protrusions, plasticity of cell migration and adaptation to a hypoxic environment. In addition, we will emphasize on crosstalk between Rho GTPase family members and other important oncogenic pathways, such as cyclic AMP-mediated signaling, canonical Wnt/β-catenin, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) and provide an overview of the advancements and challenges in developing pharmacological tools to target Rho GTPase and the aforementioned crosstalk in the context of cancer therapeutics.
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15
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Cell Division Cycle 42 plays a Cell type-Specific role in Lung Tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10407. [PMID: 28871124 PMCID: PMC5583260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) plays important roles in polarity establishment and maintenance as well as cell cycle progression and cell division. Although disruption of cell polarity is a prerequisite in epithelial tumor initiation, the roles of CDC42 in tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. Here we find that Cdc42 deficiency inhibits the KrasG12D-induced lung alveoli tumor formation, while conversely promotes bronchiole tumor formation in mice. Bronchial Cdc42 loss destroys contact inhibition potentially through cell polarity disruption, and results in increased tumor formation. In contrast, deletion of Cdc42 in alveoli cells prevents KrasG12D-induced cell proliferation, which leads to reduced tumor formation. Further analyses of clinical specimens uncover a significant positive correlation between CDC42 and type II alveolar epithelial cells marker SP-A, indicating the potential importance of CDC42 in this specific subset of lung cancer. Collectively, we identify the lineage-specific function of CDC42 in lung tumorigenesis potentially through the regulation of cell polarity integrity.
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16
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Altman BJ, Hsieh AL, Gouw AM, Dang CV. Correspondence: Oncogenic MYC persistently upregulates the molecular clock component REV-ERBα. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14862. [PMID: 28332504 PMCID: PMC5376640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Annie L Hsieh
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Arvin M Gouw
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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17
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Croisé P, Brunaud L, Tóth P, Gasman S, Ory S. Inhibition of Cdc42 and Rac1 activities in pheochromocytoma, the adrenal medulla tumor. Small GTPases 2016; 8:122-127. [PMID: 27355516 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1202634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered Rho GTPase signaling has been linked to many types of cancer. As many small G proteins, Rho GTPases cycle between an active and inactive state thanks to specific regulators that catalyze exchange of GDP into GTP (Rho-GEF) or hydrolysis of GTP into GDP (Rho-GAP). Recent studies have shown that alteration takes place either at the level of Rho proteins themselves (expression levels, point mutations) or at the level of their regulators, mostly RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs. Most reports describe Rho GTPases gain of function that may participate to the tumorigenesis processes. In contrast, we have recently reported that decreased activities of Cdc42 and Rac1 as well as decreased expression of 2 Rho-GEFs, FARP1 and ARHGEF1, correlate with pheochromocytomas, a tumor developing in the medulla of the adrenal gland (Croisé et al., Endocrine Related Cancer, 2016). Here we highlight the major evidence and further study the correlation between Rho GTPases activities and expression levels of ARHGEF1 and FARP1. Finally we also discuss how the decrease of Cdc42 and Rac1 activities may help human pheochromocytomas to develop and comment the possible relationship between FARP1, ARHGEF1 and the 2 Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Croisé
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI) , Strasbourg , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UPR 3212) , Strasbourg , France.,c Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Laurent Brunaud
- d Service de Chirurgie Digestive , Hépato-bilaire et Endocrinienne, CHRU Nancy-Brabois , Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Petra Tóth
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI) , Strasbourg , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UPR 3212) , Strasbourg , France.,c Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI) , Strasbourg , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UPR 3212) , Strasbourg , France.,c Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Stéphane Ory
- a Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI) , Strasbourg , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UPR 3212) , Strasbourg , France.,c Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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18
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Croisé P, Houy S, Gand M, Lanoix J, Calco V, Tóth P, Brunaud L, Lomazzi S, Paramithiotis E, Chelsky D, Ory S, Gasman S. Cdc42 and Rac1 activity is reduced in human pheochromocytoma and correlates with FARP1 and ARHGEF1 expression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:281-93. [PMID: 26911374 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Among small GTPases from the Rho family, Cdc42, RAC, and Rho are well known to mediate a large variety of cellular processes linked with cancer biology through their ability to cycle between an inactive (GDP-bound) and an active (GTP-bound) state. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) stimulate the exchange of GDP for GTP to generate the activated form, whereas the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) catalyze GTP hydrolysis, leading to the inactivated form. Modulation of Rho GTPase activity following altered expression of RHO-GEFs and/or RHO-GAPs has already been reported in various human tumors. However, nothing is known about the Rho GTPase activity or the expression of their regulators in human pheochromocytomas, a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. In this study, we demonstrate, through an ELISA-based activity assay, that Rac1 and Cdc42 activities decrease in human pheochromocytomas (PCCs) compared with the matched adjacent non-tumor tissue. Furthermore, through quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, we show that the expression of two RHO-GEF proteins, namely ARHGEF1 and FARP1, is significantly reduced in tumors compared with matched non-tumor tissue, whereas ARHGAP36 expression is increased. Moreover, siRNA-based knockdown of ARHGEF1 and FARP1 in PC12 cells leads to a significant inhibition of Rac1 and Cdc42 activities, respectively. Finally, a principal component analysis (PCA) of our dataset was able to discriminate PCC from non-tumor tissue and indicates a close correlation between Cdc42/Rac1 activity and FARP1/ARHGEF1 expression. Altogether, our findings reveal for the first time the importance of modulation of Rho GTPase activities and expression of their regulators in human PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Croisé
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Houy
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Gand
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joël Lanoix
- Caprion Proteome, Inc.Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Calco
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Tóth
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Brunaud
- Service de Chirurgie DigestiveHépato-bilaire et Endocrinienne, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Sandra Lomazzi
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB)CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvres les Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Ory
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Altman BJ, Hsieh AL, Sengupta A, Krishnanaiah SY, Stine ZE, Walton ZE, Gouw AM, Venkataraman A, Li B, Goraksha-Hicks P, Diskin SJ, Bellovin DI, Simon MC, Rathmell JC, Lazar MA, Maris JM, Felsher DW, Hogenesch JB, Weljie AM, Dang CV. MYC Disrupts the Circadian Clock and Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Cell Metab 2015; 22:1009-19. [PMID: 26387865 PMCID: PMC4818967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The MYC oncogene encodes MYC, a transcription factor that binds the genome through sites termed E-boxes (5'-CACGTG-3'), which are identical to the binding sites of the heterodimeric CLOCK-BMAL1 master circadian transcription factor. Hence, we hypothesized that ectopic MYC expression perturbs the clock by deregulating E-box-driven components of the circadian network in cancer cells. We report here that deregulated expression of MYC or N-MYC disrupts the molecular clock in vitro by directly inducing REV-ERBα to dampen expression and oscillation of BMAL1, and this could be rescued by knockdown of REV-ERB. REV-ERBα expression predicts poor clinical outcome for N-MYC-driven human neuroblastomas that have diminished BMAL1 expression, and re-expression of ectopic BMAL1 in neuroblastoma cell lines suppresses their clonogenicity. Further, ectopic MYC profoundly alters oscillation of glucose metabolism and perturbs glutaminolysis. Our results demonstrate an unsuspected link between oncogenic transformation and circadian and metabolic dysrhythmia, which we surmise to be advantageous for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Annie L Hsieh
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Saikumari Y Krishnanaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zachary E Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zandra E Walton
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arvin M Gouw
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anand Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Sharon J Diskin
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David I Bellovin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Medical Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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20
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Masserot C, Liu Q, Nguyen E, Gattolliat CH, Valteau-Couanet D, Bénard J, Huber C, Ségal-Bendirdjian E. WT1 expression is inversely correlated with MYCN amplification or expression and associated with poor survival in non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:240-52. [PMID: 26482175 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra cranial solid tumor in childhood and the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm during infancy. A striking feature of this tumor is its clinical heterogeneity. Several tumor progression markers have been delineated so far, among which MYCN amplification, which occurs in about 25% of total NB cases, with the percentage increasing to 30% in advanced stage NB. Although MYCN amplification is strongly correlated with NB of poor outcome, the MYCN status cannot alone predict all cases of poor survival in NB. Indeed NB without MYCN amplification (about 70-80% of NB) are not always favorable. WT1 was initially identified as a tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of a pediatric renal tumor (Wilms' tumor). Here, we describe an inverse correlation between WT1 expression and MYCN amplification and expression. However and most notably, our results show that WT1 gene expression is associated with a poor outcome for patients showing non-MYCN-amplified tumors. Thus WT1 expression is clinically significant in NB and may be a prognostic marker for better risk stratification and for an optimized therapeutic management of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Masserot
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Nguyen
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Henry Gattolliat
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France; Signalisation, Noyaux et Innovations Thérapeutiques en Cancérologie CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean Bénard
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France; Signalisation, Noyaux et Innovations Thérapeutiques en Cancérologie CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Huber
- MAP5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; INSERM UMR-S 1018, 16 bis Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94804, Villejuif, France
| | - Evelyne Ségal-Bendirdjian
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.
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21
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Xu H, Bionaz M, Sloboda DM, Ehrlich L, Li S, Newnham JP, Dudenhausen JW, Henrich W, Plagemann A, Challis JR, Braun T. The dilution effect and the importance of selecting the right internal control genes for RT-qPCR: a paradigmatic approach in fetal sheep. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:58. [PMID: 25881111 PMCID: PMC4352295 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key to understanding changes in gene expression levels using reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) relies on the ability to rationalize the technique using internal control genes (ICGs). However, the use of ICGs has become increasingly problematic given that any genes, including housekeeping genes, thought to be stable across different tissue types, ages and treatment protocols, can be regulated at transcriptomic level. Our interest in prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) effects on fetal growth has resulted in our investigation of suitable ICGs relevant in this model. The usefulness of RNA18S, ACTB, HPRT1, RPLP0, PPIA and TUBB as ICGs was analyzed according to effects of early dexamethasone (DEX) treatment, gender, and gestational age by two approaches: (1) the classical approach where raw (i.e., not normalized) RT-qPCR data of tested ICGs were statistically analyzed and the best ICG selected based on absence of any significant effect; (2) used of published algorithms. For the latter the geNorm Visual Basic application was mainly used, but data were also analyzed by Normfinder and Bestkeeper. In order to account for confounding effects on the geNorm analysis due to co-regulation among ICGs tested, network analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. The expression of RNA18S, the most abundant transcript, and correlation of ICGs with RNA18S, total RNA, and liver-specific genes were also performed to assess potential dilution effect of raw RT-qPCR data. The effect of the two approaches used to select the best ICG(s) was compared by normalization of NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor) mRNA expression, as an example for a target gene. RESULTS Raw RT-qPCR data of all the tested ICGs was significantly reduced across gestation. TUBB was the only ICG that was affected by DEX treatment. Using approach (1) all tested ICGs would have been rejected because they would initially appear as not reliable for normalization. However, geNorm analysis (approach 2) of the ICGs indicated that the geometrical mean of PPIA, HPRT1, RNA18S and RPLPO can be considered a reliable approach for normalization of target genes in both control and DEX treated groups. Different subset of ICGs were tested for normalization of NR3C1 expression and, despite the overall pattern of the mean was not extremely different, the statistical analysis uncovered a significant influence of the use of different normalization approaches on the expression of the target gene. We observed a decrease of total RNA through gestation, a lower decrease in raw RT-qPCR data of the two rRNA measured compared to ICGs, and a positive correlation between raw RT-qPCR data of ICGs and total RNA. Based on the same amount of total RNA to performed RT-qPCR analysis, those data indicated that other mRNA might have had a large increase in expression and, as consequence, had artificially diluted the stably expressed genes, such as ICGs. This point was demonstrated by a significant negative correlation of raw RT-qPCR data between ICGs and liver-specific genes. CONCLUSION The study confirmed the necessity of assessing multiple ICGs using algorithms in order to obtain a reliable normalization of RT-qPCR data. Our data indicated that the use of the geometrical mean of PPIA, HPRT1, RNA18S and RPLPO can provide a reliable normalization for the proposed study. Furthermore, the dilution effect observed support the unreliability of the classical approach to test ICGs. Finally, the observed change in the composition of RNA species through time reveals the limitation of the use of ICGs to normalize RT-qPCR data, especially if absolute quantification is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaisheng Xu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany. .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China.
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Loreen Ehrlich
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Shaofu Li
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, The University of Western Australia, and Women and Infants Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, The University of Western Australia, and Women and Infants Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Joachim W Dudenhausen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - John Rg Challis
- Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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Liu YF, Yang A, Liu W, Wang C, Wang M, Zhang L, Wang D, Dong JF, Li M. NME2 reduces proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells to limit metastasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115968. [PMID: 25700270 PMCID: PMC4336288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has a high rate of metastasis. We hypothesize that NME2 (Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2), which has previously been considered as an anti-metastatic gene, plays a role in the invasiveness of gastric cancer cells. Using a tissue chip technology and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that NME2 expression was associated with levels of differentiation of gastric cancer cells and their metastasis into the lymph nodes. When the NME2 gene product was over-expressed by ;in vitro stable transfection, cells from BGC823 and MKN45 gastric cancer cell lines had reduced rates of proliferation, migration, and invasion through the collagen matrix, suggesting an inhibitory activity of NME2 in the propagation and invasion of gastric cancer. NME2 could, therefore, severe as a risk marker for gastric cancer invasiveness and a potential new target for gene therapy to enhance or induce NME2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-fei Liu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongcang Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-fei Dong
- Puget Sound Blood Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Ping Y, Zhang H, Deng Y, Wang L, Zhao H, Pang L, Fan H, Xu C, Li F, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Xiao Y, Li X. IndividualizedPath: identifying genetic alterations contributing to the dysfunctional pathways in glioblastoma individuals. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 10:2031-42. [PMID: 24911613 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive complexity and high genetic heterogeneity of genetic alterations in cancer, comprehensively depicting the molecular mechanisms of cancer remains difficult. Characterizing personalized pathogenesis in cancer individuals can help to reveal new details of the complex mechanisms. In this study, we proposed an integrative method called IndividualizedPath to identify genetic alterations and their downstream risk pathways from the perspective of individuals through combining the DNA copy number, gene expression data and topological structures of biological pathways. By applying the method to TCGA glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples, we identified 394 gene-pathway pairs in 252 GBM individuals. We found that genes with copy number alterations showed high heterogeneity across GBM individuals, whereas they affected relatively consistent biological pathways. A global landscape of gene-pathway pairs showed that EGFR linked with multiple cancer-related biological pathways confers the highest risk of GBM. GBM individuals with MET-pathway pairs showed significantly shorter survival times than those with only MET amplification. Importantly, we found that the same risk pathways were affected by different genes in distinct groups of GBM individuals with a significant pattern of mutual exclusivity. Similarly, GBM subtype analysis revealed some subtype-specific gene-pathway pairs. In addition, we found that some rare copy number alterations had a large effect on contribution to numerous cancer-related pathways. In summary, our method offers the possibility to identify personalized cancer mechanisms, which can be applied to other types of cancer through the web server (http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/IndividualizedPath/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ping
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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24
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Li Y, Tong Y, Wong YH. Regulatory functions of Nm23-H2 in tumorigenesis: insights from biochemical to clinical perspectives. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:243-56. [PMID: 25413836 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Substantial effort has been directed at elucidating the functions of the products of the Nm23 tumor metastasis suppressor genes over the past two decades, with the ultimate goal of exploring their translational potentials in changing cancer patients' outcomes. Much attention has been focused on the better-known Nm23-H1, but despite having high sequence similarity, Nm23-H2 functions differently in many aspects. Besides acting as a metastasis suppressor, compelling data suggest that Nm23-H2 may modulate various tumor-associated biological events to enhance tumorigenesis in human solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Linkage to tumorigenesis may occur through the ability of Nm23-H2 to regulate transcription, cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and telomerase activity. In this review, we examine the linkages of Nm23-H2 to tumorigenesis in terms of its biochemical and structural properties and discuss its potential role in various tumor-associated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Silencing of CDC42 inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and transformation. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:210-6. [PMID: 25264923 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, regulates diverse cellular functions including proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement and even promotes malignant transformation. Here, we found that increased expression of CDC42 correlated with undifferentiated neuroblastoma as compared to a more benign phenotype. CDC42 inhibition decreased cell growth and soft agar colony formation, and increased cell death in BE(2)-C and BE(2)-M17 cell lines, but not in SK-N-AS. In addition, silencing of CDC42 decreased expression of N-myc in BE(2)-C and BE(2)-M17 cells. Our findings suggest that CDC42 may play a role in the regulation of aggressive neuroblastoma behavior.
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26
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Orgaz JL, Herraiz C, Sanz-Moreno V. Rho GTPases modulate malignant transformation of tumor cells. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e29019. [PMID: 25036871 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.29019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are involved in the acquisition of all the hallmarks of cancer, which comprise 6 biological capabilities acquired during the development of human tumors. The hallmarks include proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis programs, as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. (1) Controlling these hallmarks are genome instability and inflammation. Emerging hallmarks are reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. To give a different view to the readers, we will not be focusing on invasion, metastasis, or cytoskeletal remodeling, but we will review here how Rho GTPases contribute to other hallmarks of cancer with a special emphasis on malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Orgaz
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; New Hunt's House; Guy's Campus; King's College London; London, UK
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; New Hunt's House; Guy's Campus; King's College London; London, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; New Hunt's House; Guy's Campus; King's College London; London, UK
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27
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Knelson EH, Gaviglio AL, Tewari AK, Armstrong MB, Mythreye K, Blobe GC. Type III TGF-β receptor promotes FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4786-98. [PMID: 24216509 DOI: 10.1172/jci69657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and their receptors coordinate neuronal differentiation during development, yet their roles in the pediatric tumor neuroblastoma remain unclear. Comparison of mRNA from benign neuroblastic tumors and neuroblastomas revealed that expression of the type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) decreases with advancing stage of neuroblastoma and this loss correlates with a poorer prognosis. Patients with MYCN oncogene amplification and low TGFBR3 expression were more likely to have an adverse outcome. In vitro, TβRIII expression was epigenetically suppressed by MYCN-mediated recruitment of histone deacetylases to regions of the TGFBR3 promoter. TβRIII bound FGF2 and exogenous FGFR1, which promoted neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. TβRIII and FGF2 cooperated to induce expression of the transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 1 via Erk MAPK. TβRIII-mediated neuronal differentiation suppressed cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These studies characterize a coreceptor function for TβRIII in FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation, while identifying potential therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers for neuroblastoma.
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28
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High incidence of MYCN amplification in a Moroccan series of neuroblastic tumors: comparison to current biological data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:112-8. [PMID: 23628823 DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e318277448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MYCN protooncogene status was assessed for the first time in Morocco in peripheral neuroblastic tumors, including neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma. Correlations with age at diagnosis, stage, mitosis-karyorrhexis index, differentiation, and Shimada histology were evaluated. Thirty-six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded peripheral neuroblastic tumor tissue specimens collected between 2007 and 2010 from the Pathology Department were assessed for MYCN amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization. MYCN amplification was found in 27.8% of cases. An association of MYCN amplification with unfavorable Shimada grading, higher mitosis-karyorrhexis index, and undifferentiated morphologic phenotype was found. We found no correlation with older age, advanced stage, or the presence of metastasis. Our results suggested that the presence of MYCN amplification is a strong biological indicator of a poor outcome and aggressive disease in neuroblastoma and nodular ganglioneuroblastoma.
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29
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, is thought to originate from undifferentiated neural crest cells. Amplification of the MYC family member, MYCN, is found in ∼25% of cases and correlates with high-risk disease and poor prognosis. Currently, amplification of MYCN remains the best-characterized genetic marker of risk in neuroblastoma. This article reviews roles for MYCN in neuroblastoma and highlights recent identification of other driver mutations. Strategies to target MYCN at the level of protein stability and transcription are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miller Huang
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
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30
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Gherardi S, Valli E, Erriquez D, Perini G. MYCN-mediated transcriptional repression in neuroblastoma: the other side of the coin. Front Oncol 2013; 3:42. [PMID: 23482921 PMCID: PMC3593680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra cranial solid tumor in childhood and the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm during the infancy. MYCN amplification and overexpression occur in about 25% of total neuroblastoma cases and this percentage increases at 30% in advanced stage neuroblastoma. So far, MYCN expression profile is still one of the most robust and significant prognostic markers for neuroblastoma outcome. MYCN is a transcription factor that belongs to the family of MYC oncoproteins, comprising c-MYC and MYCL genes. Deregulation of MYC oncoprotein expression is a crucial event involved in the occurrence of different types of malignant tumors. MYCN, as well as c-MYC, can heterodimerize with its partner MAX and activate the transcription of several target genes containing E-Box sites in their promoter regions. However, recent several lines of evidence have revealed that MYCN can repress at least as many genes as it activates, thus proposing a novel function of this protein in neuroblastoma biology. Whereas the mechanism by which MYCN can act as a transcriptional activator is relatively well known, very few studies has been done in the attempt to explain how MYCN can exert its transcription repression function. Here, we will review current knowledge about the mechanism of MYCN-mediated transcriptional repression and will emphasize its role as a repressor in the recruitment of a precise set of proteins to form complexes capable of down-regulating specific subsets of genes whose function is actively involved in apoptosis, cell differentiation, chemosensitivity, and cell motility. The finding that MYCN can also act as a repressor has widen our view on its role in oncogenesis and has posed the bases to search for novel therapeutic drugs that can specifically target its transcriptional repression function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Gherardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy ; Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
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High genomic instability predicts survival in metastatic high-risk neuroblastoma. Neoplasia 2013; 14:823-32. [PMID: 23019414 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify novel molecular prognostic markers to better predict relapse risk estimate for children with high-risk (HR) metastatic neuroblastoma (NB). We performed genome- and/or transcriptome-wide analyses of 129 stage 4 HR NBs. Children older than 1 year of age were categorized as "short survivors" (dead of disease within 5 years from diagnosis) and "long survivors" (alive with an overall survival time ≥ 5 years). We reported that patients with less than three segmental copy number aberrations in their tumor represent a molecularly defined subgroup with a high survival probability within the current HR group of patients. The complex genomic pattern is a prognostic marker independent of NB-associated chromosomal aberrations, i.e., MYCN amplification, 1p and 11q losses, and 17q gain. Integrative analysis of genomic and expression signatures demonstrated that fatal outcome is mainly associated with loss of cell cycle control and deregulation of Rho guanosine triphosphates (GTPases) functioning in neuritogenesis. Tumors with MYCN amplification show a lower chromosome instability compared to MYCN single-copy NBs (P = .0008), dominated by 17q gain and 1p loss. Moreover, our results suggest that the MYCN amplification mainly drives disruption of neuronal differentiation and reduction of cell adhesion process involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Further validation studies are warranted to establish this as a risk stratification for patients.
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32
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Molenaar JJ, Domingo-Fernández R, Ebus ME, Lindner S, Koster J, Drabek K, Mestdagh P, van Sluis P, Valentijn LJ, van Nes J, Broekmans M, Haneveld F, Volckmann R, Bray I, Heukamp L, Sprüssel A, Thor T, Kieckbusch K, Klein-Hitpass L, Fischer M, Vandesompele J, Schramm A, van Noesel MM, Varesio L, Speleman F, Eggert A, Stallings RL, Caron HN, Versteeg R, Schulte JH. LIN28B induces neuroblastoma and enhances MYCN levels via let-7 suppression. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1199-206. [PMID: 23042116 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LIN28B regulates developmental processes by modulating microRNAs (miRNAs) of the let-7 family. A role for LIN28B in cancer has been proposed but has not been established in vivo. Here, we report that LIN28B showed genomic aberrations and extensive overexpression in high-risk neuroblastoma compared to several other tumor entities and normal tissues. High LIN28B expression was an independent risk factor for adverse outcome in neuroblastoma. LIN28B signaled through repression of the let-7 miRNAs and consequently resulted in elevated MYCN protein expression in neuroblastoma cells. LIN28B-let-7-MYCN signaling blocked differentiation of normal neuroblasts and neuroblastoma cells. These findings were fully recapitulated in a mouse model in which LIN28B expression in the sympathetic adrenergic lineage induced development of neuroblastomas marked by low let-7 miRNA levels and high MYCN protein expression. Interference with this pathway might offer therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Keung AJ, de Juan-Pardo EM, Schaffer DV, Kumar S. Rho GTPases mediate the mechanosensitive lineage commitment of neural stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1886-97. [PMID: 21956892 DOI: 10.1002/stem.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) play important roles in learning and memory and are negatively impacted by neurological disease. It is known that biochemical and genetic factors regulate self-renewal and differentiation, and it has recently been suggested that mechanical and solid-state cues, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, can also regulate the functions of NSCs and other stem cell types. However, relatively little is known of the molecular mechanisms through which stem cells transduce mechanical inputs into fate decisions, the extent to which mechanical inputs instruct fate decisions versus select for or against lineage-committed blast populations, or the in vivo relevance of mechanotransductive signaling molecules in native stem cell niches. Here we demonstrate that ECM-derived mechanical signals act through Rho GTPases to activate the cellular contractility machinery in a key early window during differentiation to regulate NSC lineage commitment. Furthermore, culturing NSCs on increasingly stiff ECMs enhances RhoA and Cdc42 activation, increases NSC stiffness, and suppresses neurogenesis. Likewise, inhibiting RhoA and Cdc42 or downstream regulators of cellular contractility rescues NSCs from stiff matrix- and Rho GTPase-induced neurosuppression. Importantly, Rho GTPase expression and ECM stiffness do not alter proliferation or apoptosis rates indicating that an instructive rather than selective mechanism modulates lineage distributions. Finally, in the adult brain, RhoA activation in hippocampal progenitors suppresses neurogenesis, analogous to its effect in vitro. These results establish Rho GTPase-based mechanotransduction and cellular stiffness as biophysical regulators of NSC fate in vitro and RhoA as an important regulatory protein in the hippocampal stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Keung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3220, USA
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Molenaar JJ, Koster J, Zwijnenburg DA, van Sluis P, Valentijn LJ, van der Ploeg I, Hamdi M, van Nes J, Westerman BA, van Arkel J, Ebus ME, Haneveld F, Lakeman A, Schild L, Molenaar P, Stroeken P, van Noesel MM, Ora I, Santo EE, Caron HN, Westerhout EM, Versteeg R. Sequencing of neuroblastoma identifies chromothripsis and defects in neuritogenesis genes. Nature 2012; 483:589-93. [PMID: 22367537 DOI: 10.1038/nature10910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumour of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. The pathogenesis has for a long time been quite enigmatic, as only very few gene defects were identified in this often lethal tumour. Frequently detected gene alterations are limited to MYCN amplification (20%) and ALK activations (7%). Here we present a whole-genome sequence analysis of 87 neuroblastoma of all stages. Few recurrent amino-acid-changing mutations were found. In contrast, analysis of structural defects identified a local shredding of chromosomes, known as chromothripsis, in 18% of high-stage neuroblastoma. These tumours are associated with a poor outcome. Structural alterations recurrently affected ODZ3, PTPRD and CSMD1, which are involved in neuronal growth cone stabilization. In addition, ATRX, TIAM1 and a series of regulators of the Rac/Rho pathway were mutated, further implicating defects in neuritogenesis in neuroblastoma. Most tumours with defects in these genes were aggressive high-stage neuroblastomas, but did not carry MYCN amplifications. The genomic landscape of neuroblastoma therefore reveals two novel molecular defects, chromothripsis and neuritogenesis gene alterations, which frequently occur in high-risk tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Buckley PG, Das S, Bryan K, Watters KM, Alcock L, Koster J, Versteeg R, Stallings RL. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of neuroblastic tumors reveals clinically relevant epigenetic events and large-scale epigenomic alterations localized to telomeric regions. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:2296-305. [PMID: 20669225 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The downregulation of specific genes through DNA hypermethylation is a major hallmark of cancer, although the extent and genomic distribution of hypermethylation occurring within cancer genomes is poorly understood. We report on the first genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation alterations in different neuroblastic tumor subtypes and cell lines, revealing higher order organization and clinically relevant alterations of the epigenome. The methylation status of 33,485 discrete loci representing all annotated CpG islands and RefSeq gene promoters was assessed in primary neuroblastic tumors and cell lines. A comparison of genes that were hypermethylated exclusively in the clinically favorable ganglioneuroma/ganglioneuroblastoma tumors revealed that nine genes were associated with poor clinical outcome when overexpressed in the unfavorable neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. Moreover, an integrated DNA methylation and copy number analysis identified 80 genes that were recurrently concomitantly deleted and hypermethylated in NB, with 37 reactivated by 5-aza-deoxycytidine. Lower expression of four of these genes was correlated with poor clinical outcome, further implicating their inactivation in aggressive disease pathogenesis. Analysis of genome-wide hypermethylation patterns revealed 70 recurrent large-scale blocks of contiguously hypermethylated promoters/CpG islands, up to 590 kb in length, with a distribution bias toward telomeric regions. Genome-wide hypermethylation events in neuroblastic tumors are extensive and frequently occur in large-scale blocks with a significant bias toward telomeric regions, indicating that some methylation alterations have occurred in a coordinated manner. Our results indicate that methylation contributes toward the clinicopathological features of neuroblastic tumors, revealing numerous genes associated with poor patient survival in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Buckley
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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van Wieringen WN, van de Wiel MA. Exploratory factor analysis of pathway copy number data with an application towards the integration with gene expression data. J Comput Biol 2011; 18:729-41. [PMID: 21554018 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2009.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Realizing that genes often operate together, studies into the molecular biology of cancer shift focus from individual genes to pathways. In order to understand the regulatory mechanisms of a pathway, one must study its genes at all molecular levels. To facilitate such study at the genomic level, we developed exploratory factor analysis for the characterization of the variability of a pathway's copy number data. A latent variable model that describes the call probability data of a pathway is introduced and fitted with an EM algorithm. In two breast cancer data sets, it is shown that the first two latent variables of GO nodes, which inherit a clear interpretation from the call probabilities, are often related to the proportion of aberrations and a contrast of the probabilities of a loss and of a gain. Linking the latent variables to the node's gene expression data suggests that they capture the "global" effect of genomic aberrations on these transcript levels. In all, the proposed method provides an possibly insightful characterization of pathway copy number data, which may be fruitfully exploited to study the interaction between the pathway's DNA copy number aberrations and data from other molecular levels like gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel N van Wieringen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Stengel K, Zheng Y. Cdc42 in oncogenic transformation, invasion, and tumorigenesis. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1415-23. [PMID: 21515363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Rho family of GTPases represents a class of Ras-related signaling molecules often deregulated in cancer. Rho GTPases switch from a GDP-bound, inactive state to a GTP-bound, active state in response to extracellular stimuli such as mitogens and extracellular matrix. In addition, Rho GTPase signaling can be altered in response to cell intrinsic factors such as changes in oncogenic or tumor suppressor signaling. In their active form, these proteins bind to a number of effector molecules, activating signaling cascades which regulate a variety of cellular processes including cytoskeletal reorganization, cell cycle progression, cell polarity and transcription. Here, we focus on one Rho family member, Cdc42, which is overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Consistent with a role in the promotion of tumorigenesis, activating mutations in Cdc42 and guanine nucleotide exchange factors are transforming, while inhibition of Cdc42 activity can impinge on cellular transformation following the activation of oncoproteins or loss of tumor suppressor function. Furthermore, Cdc42 activity has been implicated in the invasive phenotype which characterizes tumor metastasis, further suggesting that Cdc42 may be a useful target for therapeutic intervention. However, several recent studies in mice have unveiled a putative tumor suppressor function of Cdc42 in several tissue types which may involve cell polarity maintenance, suggesting that the role of Cdc42 in cancer development is complex and may be cell type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Stengel
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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38
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Regulation of Nm23-H1 and cell invasiveness by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Virol 2011; 85:3596-606. [PMID: 21270158 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01596-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and the induction of an invasive cellular phenotype by KSHV following de novo infection is an important pathogenic component mediating tumor progression. The metastasis suppressor gene known as Nm23-H1 regulates tumor cell invasiveness, but whether KSHV itself regulates Nm23-H1 expression or subcellular localization, and whether this impacts cell invasiveness, has not been established. We found that KSHV increases expression and nuclear translocation of Nm23-H1 and that nuclear translocation of Nm23-H1 is regulated by the KSHV-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). Moreover, activation of the Ras-BRaf-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signal transduction pathway, secretion of promigratory factors associated with this pathway, and cell invasiveness are dependent on KSHV regulation of Nm23-H1. Finally, induction of cytoplasmic overexpression of Nm23-H1 using a pharmacologic inhibitor of DNA methylation reduced KSHV-associated Ras-BRaf-MAPK pathway activation and suppressed KSHV-induced invasiveness. These data provide the first evidence for KSHV regulation of Nm23-H1 as a mechanism for KSHV induction of an invasive cellular phenotype and support the potential utility of targeting Nm23-H1 as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of KS.
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Bell E, Chen L, Liu T, Marshall GM, Lunec J, Tweddle DA. MYCN oncoprotein targets and their therapeutic potential. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:144-57. [PMID: 20153925 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The MYCN oncogene encodes a transcription factor which is amplified in up to 40% of high risk neuroblastomas. MYCN amplification is a well-established poor prognostic marker in neuroblastoma, however the role of MYCN expression and the mechanisms by which it acts to promote an aggressive phenotype remain largely unknown. This review discusses the current evidence identifying the direct and indirect downstream transcriptional targets of MYCN from recent studies, with particular reference to how MYCN affects the cell cycle, DNA damage response, differentiation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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40
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Murphy DM, Buckley PG, Bryan K, Das S, Alcock L, Foley NH, Prenter S, Bray I, Watters KM, Higgins D, Stallings RL. Global MYCN transcription factor binding analysis in neuroblastoma reveals association with distinct E-box motifs and regions of DNA hypermethylation. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8154. [PMID: 19997598 PMCID: PMC2781550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma, a cancer derived from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system, is a major cause of childhood cancer related deaths. The single most important prognostic indicator of poor clinical outcome in this disease is genomic amplification of MYCN, a member of a family of oncogenic transcription factors. Methodology We applied MYCN chromatin immunoprecipitation to microarrays (ChIP-chip) using MYCN amplified/non-amplified cell lines as well as a conditional knockdown cell line to determine the distribution of MYCN binding sites within all annotated promoter regions. Conclusion Assessment of E-box usage within consistently positive MYCN binding sites revealed a predominance for the CATGTG motif (p<0.0016), with significant enrichment of additional motifs CATTTG, CATCTG, CAACTG in the MYCN amplified state. For cell lines over-expressing MYCN, gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment for the binding of MYCN at promoter regions of numerous molecular functional groups including DNA helicases and mRNA transcriptional regulation. In order to evaluate MYCN binding with respect to other genomic features, we determined the methylation status of all annotated CpG islands and promoter sequences using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP). The integration of MYCN ChIP-chip and MeDIP data revealed a highly significant positive correlation between MYCN binding and DNA hypermethylation. This association was also detected in regions of hemizygous loss, indicating that the observed association occurs on the same homologue. In summary, these findings suggest that MYCN binding occurs more commonly at CATGTG as opposed to the classic CACGTG E-box motif, and that disease associated over expression of MYCN leads to aberrant binding to additional weaker affinity E-box motifs in neuroblastoma. The co-localization of MYCN binding and DNA hypermethylation further supports the dual role of MYCN, namely that of a classical transcription factor affecting the activity of individual genes, and that of a mediator of global chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Murphy
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick G. Buckley
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Bryan
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sudipto Das
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leah Alcock
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh H. Foley
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Prenter
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabella Bray
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen M. Watters
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond Higgins
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raymond L. Stallings
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Marshall JC, Lee JH, Steeg PS. Clinical-translational strategies for the elevation of Nm23-H1 metastasis suppressor gene expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 329:115-20. [PMID: 19387797 PMCID: PMC3501675 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interruption of the tumor metastatic process is a new, thought provoking molecular target for the treatment of cancer. The Nm23-H1 metastasis suppressor gene stands as a validated molecular target owing to its reduced expression in many aggressive human tumors, and the reduction in metastatic potential in vivo upon re-expression in multiple cell lines. Several compounds have been identified which elevate Nm23-H1 expression in vitro including indomethacin, gamma Linolenic Acid, trichostatin A, 5-aza-deoxycytidine, and high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate. Using a model of lung metastatic colonization by MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that high dose MPA reduced the formation of overt lung metastases by 37-46% and those metastases that formed were statistically smaller. A Phase II clinical trial of high dose MPA, alone or in combination with metronomic chemotherapy has recently opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Marshall
- Women’s Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jong Heun Lee
- Women’s Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia S. Steeg
- Women’s Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kadegowda AKG, Bionaz M, Thering B, Piperova LS, Erdman RA, Loor JJ. Identification of internal control genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mammary tissue of lactating cows receiving lipid supplements. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:2007-19. [PMID: 19389958 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lipid supplements affect mammary lipid metabolism partly through changes in lipogenic gene expression. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a sensitive, reliable, and accurate technique for gene expression analysis. However, variation introduced in qPCR data by analytical or technical errors needs to be accounted for via normalization using appropriate internal control genes (ICG). Objectives were to mine individual bovine mammary microarray data on >13,000 genes across 66 cows from 2 independent studies to identify the most suitable ICG for qPCR normalization. In addition to unsupplemented control diets, cows were fed saturated or unsaturated lipids for 21 d or were infused with supplements (butterfat, conjugated linoleic acid mixture, long-chain fatty acids) into the abomasum to modify milk fat synthesis and fatty acid profiles. We identified 49 genes that did not vary in expression across the 66 samples. Subsequent gene network analysis revealed that 22 of those genes were not co-regulated. Among those COPS7A, CORO1B, DNAJC19, EIF3K, EMD, GOLGA5, MTG1, UXT, MRPL39, GPR175, and MARVELD1 (sample/reference expression ratio = 1 +/- 0.1) were selected for PCR analysis upon verification of goodness of BLAT/BLAST sequence and primer design. Relative expression of B2M, GAPDH, and ACTB, previously used as ICG in bovine mammary tissue, was highly variable (0.9 +/- 0.6) across studies. Gene stability analysis via geNorm software uncovered MRPL39, GPR175, UXT, and EIF3K as having the most stable expression ratio and, thus, suitable as ICG. Analysis also indicated that use of 3 ICG was most appropriate for calculating a normalization factor. Overall, the geometric average of MRPL39, UXT, and EIF3K is ideal for normalization of mammary qPCR data in studies involving lipid supplementation of dairy cows. These novel ICG could be used for normalization in similar studies as alternatives to the less-reliable ACTB, GAPDH, or B2M.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K G Kadegowda
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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Gruber-Olipitz M, Ströbel T, Kang SU, John JPP, Grotzer MA, Slavc I, Lubec G. Neurotrophin 3/TrkC-regulated proteins in the human medulloblastoma cell line DAOY. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:540-9. [PMID: 19156760 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and high neurotrophin (NP) receptor TrkC mRNA expression was identified as a powerful independent predictor of favorable survival outcome. In order to determine downstream effector proteins of TrkC signaling, the MB cell line DAOY was stably transfected with a vector containing the full-length TrkC cDNA sequence or an empty vector control. A proteomic approach was used to search for expressional changes by two mass spectrometric methods and immunoblotting for validation of significant results. Multiple time points for up to 48 h following NP-3-induced TrkC receptor activation were chosen. Thirteen proteins from several pathways (nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, stathmin, valosin-containing protein, annexin A1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-3, DJ-1 protein, glutathione S-transferase P, lamin A/C, fascin, cofilin, vimentin, vinculin, and moesin) were differentially expressed and most have been shown to play a role in differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, or oncogenesis. Knowledge on effectors of TrkC signaling may represent a first useful step for the identification of marker candidates or reflecting probable pharmacological targets for specific treatment of MB.
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44
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Hsu CG, Lin LY, Ko JL, Yang SF, Chang H, Lin CY, Tsai HT, Chen SC, Chen SC, Wang PH. High expression of human nonmetastatic clone 23 type 1 in cancer of uterine cervix and its association with poor cell differentiation and worse overall survival. J Surg Oncol 2008; 98:448-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wei JS, Song YK, Durinck S, Chen QR, Cheuk ATC, Tsang P, Zhang Q, Thiele CJ, Slack A, Shohet J, Khan J. The MYCN oncogene is a direct target of miR-34a. Oncogene 2008; 27:5204-13. [PMID: 18504438 PMCID: PMC2562938 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of 1p36 heterozygosity commonly occurs with MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma tumors, and both are associated with an aggressive phenotype. Database searches identified five microRNAs that map to the commonly deleted region of 1p36 and we hypothesized that the loss of one or more of these microRNAs contributes to the malignant phenotype of MYCN-amplified tumors. By bioinformatic analysis, we identified that three out of the five microRNAs target MYCN and of these miR-34a caused the most significant suppression of cell growth through increased apoptosis and decreased DNA synthesis in neuroblastoma cell lines with MYCN amplification. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that neuroblastoma tumors with 1p36 loss expressed lower level of miR-34a than those with normal copies of 1p36. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MYCN is a direct target of miR-34a. Finally, using a series of mRNA expression profiling experiments, we identified other potential direct targets of miR-34a, and pathway analysis demonstrated that miR-34a suppresses cell-cycle genes and induces several neural-related genes. This study demonstrates one important regulatory role of miR-34a in cell growth and MYCN suppression in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Stephen Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young Kook Song
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steffen Durinck
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Chen
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
- The Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Adam Tai Chi Cheuk
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia Tsang
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
| | - Quangeng Zhang
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carol Jean Thiele
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Slack
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20892, USA
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Lavarino C, Garcia I, Mackintosh C, Cheung NKV, Domenech G, Ríos J, Perez N, Rodríguez E, de Torres C, Gerald WL, Tuset E, Acosta S, Beleta H, de Alava E, Mora J. Differential expression of genes mapping to recurrently abnormal chromosomal regions characterize neuroblastic tumours with distinct ploidy status. BMC Med Genomics 2008; 1:36. [PMID: 18700951 PMCID: PMC2531130 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-1-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastic tumours (NBTs) represent a heterogeneous spectrum of neoplastic diseases associated with multiple genetic alterations. Structural and numerical chromosomal changes are frequent and are predictive parameters of NBTs outcome. We performed a comparative analysis of the biological entities constituted by NBTs with different ploidy status. Methods Gene expression profiling of 49 diagnostic primary NBTs with ploidy data was performed using oligonucleotide microarray. Further analyses using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR); array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH); and Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) were performed to investigate the correlation between aneuploidy, chromosomal changes and gene expression profiles. Results Gene expression profiling of 49 primary near-triploid and near-diploid/tetraploid NBTs revealed distinct expression profiles associated with each NBT subgroup. A statistically significant portion of genes mapped to 1p36 (P = 0.01) and 17p13-q21 (P < 0.0001), described as recurrently altered in NBTs. Over 90% of these genes showed higher expression in near-triploid NBTs and the majority are involved in cell differentiation pathways. Specific chromosomal abnormalities observed in NBTs, 1p loss, 17q and whole chromosome 17 gains, were reflected in the gene expression profiles. Comparison between gene copy number and expression levels suggests that differential expression might be only partly dependent on gene copy number. Intratumoural clonal heterogeneity was observed in all NBTs, with marked interclonal variability in near-diploid/tetraploid tumours. Conclusion NBTs with different cellular DNA content display distinct transcriptional profiles with a significant portion of differentially expressed genes mapping to specific chromosomal regions known to be associated with outcome. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that these specific genetic abnormalities are highly heterogeneous in all NBTs, and suggest that NBTs with different ploidy status may result from different mechanisms of aneuploidy driving tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumour Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
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Puppo M, Battaglia F, Ottaviano C, Delfino S, Ribatti D, Varesio L, Bosco MC. Topotecan inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor production and angiogenic activity induced by hypoxia in human neuroblastoma by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1974-84. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Murakami M, Meneses PI, Knight JS, Lan K, Kaul R, Verma SC, Robertson ES. Nm23-H1 modulates the activity of the guanine exchange factor Dbl-1. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:500-10. [PMID: 18470881 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton rearrangement is necessary for tumor invasion and metastasis. Cellular molecules whose role is to regulate components of the cytoskeletal structure can dictate changes in cellular morphology. One of these molecules is the suppressor of tumor metastasis Nm23-H1. The level of Nm23-H1 expression has been linked to the invasiveness and metastatic potential of human cancers including melanoma and breast cancer. In this report, we demonstrate an interaction between the suppressor of tumor metastasis Nm23-H1, and Dbl-1, an oncoprotein which is associated with guanine exchange and belongs to a family of Guanine Exchange Factors (GEF). Nm23-H1 also was shown to bind pDbl which is the proto-oncoprotein of Dbl. Interestingly, the interaction between Nm23-H1 and Dbl-1 rescues the suppression of the cell motility activity Nm23-H1. Moreover, this interaction results in loss of the ability of the Dbl-1 oncoprotein to function as a GEF for the critical Rho-GTPase family member Cdc42. The loss of GTP loading onto Cdc42 resulted in a dramatic reduction in adhesion stimulated ruffles and suggests that Nm23-H1 can negatively regulate cell migration and tumor metastasis by modulating the activity of Cdc42 through direct interaction with Dbl-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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van Hengel J, D'Hooge P, Hooghe B, Wu X, Libbrecht L, De Vos R, Quondamatteo F, Klempt M, Brakebusch C, van Roy F. Continuous cell injury promotes hepatic tumorigenesis in cdc42-deficient mouse liver. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:781-92. [PMID: 18325391 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Rho small guanosine triphosphatase Cdc42 is critical for diverse cellular functions, including regulation of actin organization, cell polarity, intracellular membrane trafficking, transcription, cell-cycle progression, and cell transformation. This implies that Cdc42 might be required for liver function. METHODS Mice in which Cdc42 was ablated in hepatocytes and bile duct cells were generated by Cre-loxP technology. Livers were examined by histologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and serum analysis to define the effect of loss of Cdc42 on liver structure. RESULTS Mice lacking Cdc42 in their hepatocytes were born at Mendelian ratios. They did not show increased mortality but showed chronic jaundice. They developed hepatomegaly soon after birth, and signs of liver transformation, such as formation of nodules and tumors, became visible macroscopically at age 6 months. Hepatocellular carcinoma was observed 8 months after birth. Tumors grew slowly and lacked expression of nuclear beta-catenin. Lung metastases were observed at the late stage of carcinogenesis. Immunofluorescent examination and electron microscopy revealed severe defects in the liver. At the age of 2 months, the canaliculi between hepatocytes were greatly enlarged, although the tight junctions flanking the canaliculi appeared normal. Regular liver plates were absent. E-cadherin expression pattern and gap junction localization were distorted. Analysis of serum samples indicated cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS We describe a mouse model in which chronic liver disease leads to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van Hengel
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Koppen A, Ait-Aissa R, Koster J, Øra I, Bras J, van Sluis PG, Caron H, Versteeg R, Valentijn LJ. Dickkopf-3 expression is a marker for neuroblastic tumor maturation and is down-regulated by MYCN. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:1455-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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