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Yang Y, Jia X, Yang X, Wang J, Fang Y, Ying X, Zhang M, Wei J, Pan Y. Targeting VDAC: A potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1835:148920. [PMID: 38599511 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism. Recent studies have identified VDAC as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to provide an overview of the role of VDAC in mitochondrial dysfunction, its association with Alzheimer's disease, and the potential of targeting VDAC for developing novel therapeutic interventions. Understanding the involvement of VDAC in Alzheimer's disease may pave the way for the development of effective treatments that can restore mitochondrial function and halt disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaotao Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Affifiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xinmao Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaoping Ying
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Meiqian Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yanfang Pan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
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Wang J, Liu C, Huang SS, Wang HF, Cheng CY, Ma JS, Li RN, Lian TY, Li XM, Ma YJ, Jing ZC. Functions and novel regulatory mechanisms of key glycolytic enzymes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176492. [PMID: 38503401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Despite its clinical significance, the precise molecular mechanisms driving PAH pathogenesis warrant confirmation. Compelling evidence indicates that during the development of PAH, pulmonary vascular cells exhibit a preference for energy generation through aerobic glycolysis, known as the "Warburg effect", even in well-oxygenated conditions. This metabolic shift results in imbalanced metabolism, increased proliferation, and severe pulmonary vascular remodeling. Exploring the Warburg effect and its interplay with glycolytic enzymes in the context of PAH has yielded current insights into emerging drug candidates targeting enzymes and intermediates involved in glucose metabolism. This sheds light on both opportunities and challenges in the realm of antiglycolytic therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shen-Shen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Chun-Yan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Si Ma
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475100, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475100, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xian-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Ma
- National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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3
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Bamidele AO, Mishra SK, Piovezani Ramos G, Hirsova P, Klatt EE, Abdelrahman LM, Sagstetter MR, Davidson HM, Fehrenbach PJ, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Kim Lee HS, Zhang S, Aguirre Lopez A, Kurdi AT, Westphal MS, Gonzalez MM, Gaballa JM, Kosinsky RL, Lee HE, Smyrk TC, Bantug G, Gades NM, Faubion WA. Interleukin 21 Drives a Hypermetabolic State and CD4 + T-Cell-Associated Pathogenicity in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:826-841.e19. [PMID: 38266738 PMCID: PMC11034723 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Incapacitated regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to immune-mediated diseases. Inflammatory Tregs are evident during human inflammatory bowel disease; however, mechanisms driving the development of these cells and their function are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of cellular metabolism in Tregs relevant to gut homeostasis. METHODS Using human Tregs, we performed mitochondrial ultrastructural studies via electron microscopy and confocal imaging, biochemical and protein analyses using proximity ligation assay, immunoblotting, mass cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, metabolomics, gene expression analysis, and real-time metabolic profiling utilizing the Seahorse XF analyzer. We used a Crohn's disease single-cell RNA sequencing dataset to infer the therapeutic relevance of targeting metabolic pathways in inflammatory Tregs. We examined the superior functionality of genetically modified Tregs in CD4+ T-cell-induced murine colitis models. RESULTS Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum appositions, known to mediate pyruvate entry into mitochondria via voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), are abundant in Tregs. VDAC1 inhibition perturbed pyruvate metabolism, eliciting sensitization to other inflammatory signals reversible by membrane-permeable methyl pyruvate supplementation. Notably, interleukin (IL) 21 diminished mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum appositions, resulting in enhanced enzymatic function of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β, a putative negative regulator of VDAC1, and a hypermetabolic state that amplified Treg inflammatory response. Methyl pyruvate and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β pharmacologic inhibitor (LY2090314) reversed IL21-induced metabolic rewiring and inflammatory state. Moreover, IL21-induced metabolic genes in Tregs in vitro were enriched in human Crohn's disease intestinal Tregs. Adoptively transferred Il21r-/- Tregs efficiently rescued murine colitis in contrast to wild-type Tregs. CONCLUSIONS IL21 triggers metabolic dysfunction associated with Treg inflammatory response. Inhibiting IL21-induced metabolism in Tregs may mitigate CD4+ T-cell-driven chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O Bamidele
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Shravan K Mishra
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily E Klatt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Leena M Abdelrahman
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mary R Sagstetter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Heidi M Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patrick J Fehrenbach
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Hyun Se Kim Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Song Zhang
- Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Abner Aguirre Lopez
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ahmed T Kurdi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maria S Westphal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle M Gonzalez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph M Gaballa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Hee Eun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Glenn Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Naomi M Gades
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Harrison MAA, Morris SL, Rudman GA, Rittenhouse DJ, Monk CH, Sakamuri SSVP, Mehedi Hasan M, Shamima Khatun M, Wang H, Garfinkel LP, Norton EB, Kim S, Kolls JK, Jazwinski SM, Mostany R, Katakam PVG, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Zwezdaryk KJ. Intermittent cytomegalovirus infection alters neurobiological metabolism and induces cognitive deficits in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:36-50. [PMID: 38182037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Risk factors contributing to dementia are multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for pathogens as risk factors, but data is largely correlative with few causal relationships. Here, we demonstrate that intermittent murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of mice, alters blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and metabolic pathways. Increased basal mitochondrial function is observed in brain microvessels cells (BMV) exposed to intermittent MCMV infection and is accompanied by elevated levels of superoxide. Further, mice score lower in cognitive assays compared to age-matched controls who were never administered MCMV. Our data show that repeated systemic infection with MCMV, increases markers of neuroinflammation, alters mitochondrial function, increases markers of oxidative stress and impacts cognition. Together, this suggests that viral burden may be a risk factor for dementia. These observations provide possible mechanistic insights through which pathogens may contribute to the progression or exacerbation of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A A Harrison
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sara L Morris
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Grace A Rudman
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tulane University School of Liberal Arts, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Daniel J Rittenhouse
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chandler H Monk
- Bioinnovation Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Tulane Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hanyun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lucas P Garfinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sangku Kim
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - S. Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Skalka GL, Tsakovska M, Murphy DJ. Kinase signalling adaptation supports dysfunctional mitochondria in disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354682. [PMID: 38434478 PMCID: PMC10906720 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a critical control nexus which are essential for maintaining correct tissue homeostasis. An increasing number of studies have identified dysregulation of mitochondria as a driver in cancer. However, which pathways support and promote this adapted mitochondrial function? A key hallmark of cancer is perturbation of kinase signalling pathways. These pathways include mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), lipid secondary messenger networks, cyclic-AMP-activated (cAMP)/AMP-activated kinases (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) networks. These signalling pathways have multiple substrates which support initiation and persistence of cancer. Many of these are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), and retrograde ROS signalling. This review will aim to both explore how kinase signalling integrates with these critical mitochondrial pathways and highlight how these systems can be usurped to support the development of disease. In addition, we will identify areas which require further investigation to fully understand the complexities of these regulatory interactions. Overall, this review will emphasize how studying the interaction between kinase signalling and mitochondria improves our understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and can yield novel therapeutic targets to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Skalka
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Tsakovska
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Li X, Hu S, Cai Y, Liu X, Luo J, Wu T. Revving the engine: PKB/AKT as a key regulator of cellular glucose metabolism. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1320964. [PMID: 38264327 PMCID: PMC10804622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1320964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is of critical importance for cell growth and proliferation, the disorders of which have been widely implicated in cancer progression. Glucose uptake is achieved differently by normal cells and cancer cells. Even in an aerobic environment, cancer cells tend to undergo metabolism through glycolysis rather than the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Disordered metabolic syndrome is characterized by elevated levels of metabolites that can cause changes in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor recurrence and metastasis. The activation of glycolysis-related proteins and transcription factors is involved in the regulation of cellular glucose metabolism. Changes in glucose metabolism activity are closely related to activation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). This review discusses recent findings on the regulation of glucose metabolism by AKT in tumors. Furthermore, the review summarizes the potential importance of AKT in the regulation of each process throughout glucose metabolism to provide a theoretical basis for AKT as a target for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Hu
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoting Cai
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Bamidele AO, Mishra SK, Hirsova P, Fehrenbach PJ, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Lee HSK. Interleukin-21 Drives a Hypermetabolic State and CD4 + T Cell-associated Pathogenicity in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543518. [PMID: 37333332 PMCID: PMC10274654 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Incapacitated regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to immune-mediated diseases. Inflammatory Tregs are evident during human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, mechanisms driving the development of these cells and their function are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of cellular metabolism in Tregs relevant to gut homeostasis. METHODS Using human Tregs, we performed mitochondrial ultrastructural studies via electron microscopy and confocal imaging, biochemical and protein analyses using proximity ligation assay, immunoblotting, mass cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, metabolomics, gene expression analysis, and real-time metabolic profiling utilizing Seahorse XF analyzer. We utilized Crohn's disease single-cell RNA sequencing dataset to infer therapeutic relevance of targeting metabolic pathways in inflammatory Tregs. We examined the superior functionality of genetically-modified Tregs in CD4+ T cell-induced murine colitis models. RESULTS Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) appositions, known to mediate pyruvate entry into mitochondria via VDAC1, are abundant in Tregs. VDAC1 inhibition perturbed pyruvate metabolism, eliciting sensitization to other inflammatory signals reversible by membrane-permeable methyl pyruvate (MePyr) supplementation. Notably, IL-21 diminished mitochondria-ER appositions, resulting in enhanced enzymatic function of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), a putative negative regulator of VDAC1, and a hypermetabolic state that amplified Treg inflammatory response. MePyr and GSK3β pharmacologic inhibitor (LY2090314) reversed IL-21-induced metabolic rewiring and inflammatory state. Moreover, IL-21-induced metabolic genes in Tregs in vitro were enriched in human Crohn's disease intestinal Tregs. Adoptively transferred Il21r-/- Tregs efficiently rescued murine colitis in contrast to wild-type Tregs. CONCLUSIONS IL-21 triggers metabolic dysfunction associated with Treg inflammatory response. Inhibiting IL-21-induced metabolism in Tregs may mitigate CD4+ T cell-driven chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O Bamidele
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shravan K Mishra
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Patrick J Fehrenbach
- Immunometabolism and Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lucia Valenzuela-Pérez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hyun Se Kim Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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Park JW, Tyl MD, Cristea IM. Orchestration of Mitochondrial Function and Remodeling by Post-Translational Modifications Provide Insight into Mechanisms of Viral Infection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050869. [PMID: 37238738 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mitochondria structure and function is at the core of numerous viral infections. Acting in support of the host or of virus replication, mitochondria regulation facilitates control of energy metabolism, apoptosis, and immune signaling. Accumulating studies have pointed to post-translational modification (PTM) of mitochondrial proteins as a critical component of such regulatory mechanisms. Mitochondrial PTMs have been implicated in the pathology of several diseases and emerging evidence is starting to highlight essential roles in the context of viral infections. Here, we provide an overview of the growing arsenal of PTMs decorating mitochondrial proteins and their possible contribution to the infection-induced modulation of bioenergetics, apoptosis, and immune responses. We further consider links between PTM changes and mitochondrial structure remodeling, as well as the enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial PTM regulation. Finally, we highlight some of the methods, including mass spectrometry-based analyses, available for the identification, prioritization, and mechanistic interrogation of PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woo Park
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Matthew D Tyl
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Gao T, Huang J, Yin H, Huang J, Xie J, Zhou T, Fan W, Yang X, Gao G, Li Z. Inhibition of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma by Chiauranib through an AIF-dependent pathway and its synergy with L-asparaginase. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:316. [PMID: 37160920 PMCID: PMC10169864 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is a rare and aggressive form of extranodal lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Currently, there are very limited treatment options for patients with advanced-stage disease or those with relapsed/recurrent disease. Here we show that Chiauranib, an orally small molecule inhibitor of select serine-threonine kinases (aurora B, VEGFRs, PDGFR, CSF1R, c-Kit), inhibited NKTL cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, as well as suppressed the microvessel density in vitro and in vivo similar as in other types of cancer cells. Surprisingly, Chiauranib unfolded a new effect to induce apoptosis of NKTL cells by triggering AIF-dependent apoptosis other than the traditional cyt-c/caspase mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The knockdown of AIF in vitro and in vivo dramatically blocked the efficacy of Chiauranib on NKTL. Mechanistically, the release of AIF from mitochondria is due to the upregulation of VDAC1 by the AKT-GSK3β pathway and activation of calcium-dependent m-calpain, which promotes the cleavage of VDAC1 and therefore permits the release of AIF. Notably, the low expression of Bax in both NKTL cells and patient tissues restrained the cyt-c release. It resulted in the inhibition of cyt-c/caspase mitochondrial pathway, suggesting that drugs targeting this traditional pathway may not be effective in NKTL. Furthermore, we found that L-asparaginase triggered CD95 (Fas/Apo-1)-caspase 8-caspase 3 apoptotic pathway in NKTL cells, and combination of Chiauranib and L-asparaginase exhibited a synergistic effect, suggesting a feasibility to combine these two drugs for effective treatment of NKTL. This study demonstrates Chiauranib's positive efficacy toward NKTL through the activation of the AIF-dependent apoptosis pathway for the first time. The novel and multi-targets of Chiauranib and the synergistic effect with L-asparaginase may provide a promising therapy for NKTL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jieye Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China.
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10
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Arif T, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A. Apoptotic proteins with non-apoptotic activity: expression and function in cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:730-753. [PMID: 37014578 PMCID: PMC10071271 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death in which a cell commits suicide while maintaining the integrity and architecture of the tissue as a whole. Apoptosis involves activation of one of two major pathways: the extrinsic pathway, where extracellular pro-apoptotic signals, transduced through plasma membrane death receptors, activate a caspase cascade leading to apoptosis. The second, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, where damaged DNA, oxidative stress, or chemicals, induce the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria, leading to the activation of caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis. However, it has recently become apparent that proteins involved in apoptosis also exhibit non-cell death-related physiological functions that are related to the cell cycle, differentiation, metabolism, inflammation or immunity. Such non-conventional activities were predominantly reported in non-cancer cells although, recently, such a dual function for pro-apoptotic proteins has also been reported in cancers where they are overexpressed. Interestingly, some apoptotic proteins translocate to the nucleus in order to perform a non-apoptotic function. In this review, we summarize the unconventional roles of the apoptotic proteins from a functional perspective, while focusing on two mitochondrial proteins: VDAC1 and SMAC/Diablo. Despite having pro-apoptotic functions, these proteins are overexpressed in cancers and this apparent paradox and the associated pathophysiological implications will be discussed. We will also present possible mechanisms underlying the switch from apoptotic to non-apoptotic activities although a deeper investigation into the process awaits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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11
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Zhao M, Yang Y, Nian Q, Shen C, Xiao X, Liao W, Zheng Q, Zhang G, Chen N, Gong D, Tang J, Wen Y, Zeng J. Phytochemicals and mitochondria: Therapeutic allies against gastric cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154608. [PMID: 36586205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells with the ability to modulate the cell cycle, cellular differentiation, signal transduction, growth, and apoptosis. Existing drugs targeting mitochondria in cancer treatment have disadvantages of drug resistance and side effects. Phytochemicals, which are widely found in plants, are bioactive compounds that could facilitate the development of new drugs for gastric cancer. Studies have shown that some phytochemicals can suppress the development of gastric cancer. METHODS We searched for data from PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and Embase databases from initial establishment to December 2021 to review the mechanism by which phytochemicals suppress gastric cancer cell growth by modulating mitochondrial function. Phytochemicals were classified and summarized by their mechanisms of action. RESULTS Phytochemicals can interfere with mitochondria through several mechanisms to reach the goal of promoting apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Some phytochemicals, e.g., daidzein and tetrandrine promoted cytochrome c spillover into the cytoplasm by modulating the members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein family and induced apoptotic body activity by activating the caspase protein family. Phytochemicals (e.g., celastrol and shikonin) could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential. Several phytochemicals (e.g., berberine and oleanolic acid) activated mitochondrial apoptotic submission via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, thereby triggering apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Several well-known phytochemicals that target mitochondria, including berberine, ginsenoside, and baicalein, showed the advantages of multiple targets, high efficacy, and fewer side effects. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals could target the mitochondria in the treatment of gastric cancer, providing potential directions and evidence for clinical translation. Drug discovery focused on phytochemicals has great potential to break barriers in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Endoscopy center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
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12
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Wang Z, Wang X, Guo Z, Liao H, Chai Y, Wang Z, Wang Z. In silico high-throughput screening system for AKT1 activators with therapeutic applications in sepsis acute lung injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1050497. [PMID: 36579349 PMCID: PMC9792167 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose AKT1 is an important target in sepsis acute lung injury (SALI). The current study was aim to construct a high-throughput screening (HTS) system based on the ChemDiv database (https://www.chemdiv.com/complete-list/) and use the system to screen for AKT1 activation agents, which may provide clues for the research and development of new drugs to treat SALI. Methods Based on the existing X-ray structure of AKT1 and known AKT activators, a large-scale virtual HTS was performed on the ChemDiv database of small molecules by the cascade docking method and demonstrated both accuracy and screening efficiency. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to assess the stability and binding characteristics of the identified small-molecule compounds. The protective effect of the new highly selective compound on SALI were verified both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results The small-molecule compound 7460-0250 was screened out as a specific activator of AKT1. Molecular validation experiments confirmed that compound 7460-0250 specifically promoted the phosphorylation of AKT1 and down-regulated the LPS-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by activating the AKT-mTOR pathway. Up-regulated mTOR was detected to directly interact with Bax to reduce apoptosis. In vivo, compound 7460-0250 could improved survival rate and alleviated lung injury of sepsis mice induced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP), parallel with the activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway. Conclusion Small-molecule compound 7460-0250 was successfully screened and confirmed as a highly selective AKT1 activator, which is a critical target in the development of new therapeutics for SALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tsinghua Changguang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Emergency Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhong Wang,
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13
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Mahmud SA, Qureshi MA, Pellegrino MW. On the offense and defense: mitochondrial recovery programs amidst targeted pathogenic assault. FEBS J 2022; 289:7014-7037. [PMID: 34270874 PMCID: PMC9192128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens employ a variety of tactics to persist in their host and promote infection. Pathogens often target host organelles in order to benefit their survival, either through manipulation or subversion of their function. Mitochondria are regularly targeted by bacterial pathogens owing to their diverse cellular roles, including energy production and regulation of programmed cell death. However, disruption of normal mitochondrial function during infection can be detrimental to cell viability because of their essential nature. In response, cells use multiple quality control programs to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and promote recovery. In this review, we will provide an overview of mitochondrial recovery programs including mitochondrial dynamics, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ), and mitophagy. We will then discuss the various approaches used by bacterial pathogens to target mitochondria, which result in mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss how cells leverage mitochondrial recovery programs beyond their role in organelle repair, to promote host defense against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraje A Mahmud
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, TX, USA
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14
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Helfenberger KE, Argentino GF, Benzo Y, Herrera LM, Finocchietto P, Poderoso C. Angiotensin II Regulates Mitochondrial mTOR Pathway Activity Dependent on Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4 in Adrenocortical Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6763139. [PMID: 36256598 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two well-known protein complexes in mammalian cells, mTOR type 1 and type 2 (mTORC1/2) are involved in several cellular processes such as protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and commonly dysregulated in cancer. An acyl-CoA synthetase type 4 (ACSL4) is one of the most recently mTORC1/2 regulators described, in breast cancer cells. The expression of ACSL4 is hormone-regulated in adrenocortical cells and required for steroid biosynthesis. mTORC1/2 have been reported to be crucial in the proliferation of human adrenocortical tumor cells H295R and interestingly reported at several subcellular locations, which has brought cell biology to the vanguard of the mTOR signaling field. In the present work, we study the regulation of mTORC1/2 activation by angiotensin II (Ang II)-the trophic hormone for adrenocortical cells-the subcellular localization of mTORC1/2 signaling proteins and the role of ACSL4 in the regulation of this pathway, in H295R cells. Ang II promotes activation by phosphorylation of mTORC1/2 pathway proteins in a time-dependent manner. Mitochondrial pools of ribosomal protein S6, protein kinase B (Akt) in threonine 308, and serine 473 and Rictor are phosphorylated and activated. Glycogen synthase kinase type 3 (GSK3) is phosphorylated and inactivated in mitochondria, favoring mTORC1 activation. Epidermal growth factor, a classic mTORC1/2 activator, promoted unique activation kinetics of mTORC1/2 pathway, except for Akt phosphorylation. Here, we demonstrate that ACSL4 is necessary for mTORC1/2 effectors phosphorylation and H295R proliferation, triggered by Ang II. Ang II promotes activation of mitochondrial mTORC1/2 signaling proteins, through ACSL4, with a direct effect on adrenocortical cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia E Helfenberger
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Giuliana F Argentino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Yanina Benzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Lucía M Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Paola Finocchietto
- Laboratorio del Metabolismo del Oxígeno. Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
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15
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Wasserman DH. Insulin, Muscle Glucose Uptake, and Hexokinase: Revisiting the Road Not Taken. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:115-127. [PMID: 34779282 PMCID: PMC8977147 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research conducted over the last 50 yr has provided insight into the mechanisms by which insulin stimulates glucose transport across the skeletal muscle cell membrane Transport alone, however, does not result in net glucose uptake as free glucose equilibrates across the cell membrane and is not metabolized. Glucose uptake requires that glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinases. Phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell and is the substrate for metabolism. It is indisputable that glucose phosphorylation is essential for glucose uptake. Major advances have been made in defining the regulation of the insulin-stimulated glucose transporter (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle. By contrast, the insulin-regulated hexokinase (hexokinase II) parallels Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken." Here the case is made that an understanding of glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase II is necessary to define the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake in health and insulin resistance. Results of studies from different physiological disciplines that have elegantly described how hexokinase II can be regulated are summarized to provide a framework for potential application to skeletal muscle. Mechanisms by which hexokinase II is regulated in skeletal muscle await rigorous examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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16
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How Do Hexokinases Inhibit Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030412. [PMID: 35336786 PMCID: PMC8945020 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In multicellular animals, cells autonomously respond to lethal stress by inducing cell death programs. The most common regulated cell death is apoptosis. Cells protect their neighbors from damage by their cell contents or infection through this process. Apoptosis can occur as a result of intrinsic stress or induced by surface receptors, for example, by immune cells. In most cases, receptor-mediated apoptosis also requires the intrinsic signaling pathway. Intrinsic apoptosis is controlled by proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family. Pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins are inhibited by retrotranslocation from the mitochondria into the cytosol until the cell commits to apoptosis. Increasingly, discoveries show that BCL-2 proteins are regulated by proteins that are not themselves members of the BCL-2 family. Here, we discuss the selective inhibition of the link between death receptors activation and intrinsic apoptosis by hexokinases. These enzymes funnel glucose into the cellular metabolism. Independently, hexokinases retrotranslocate BCL-2 proteins and thereby protect cells from receptor-mediated apoptosis. Abstract The regulated cell death apoptosis enables redundant or compromised cells in ontogeny and homeostasis to remove themselves receptor-dependent after extrinsic signaling or after internal stress by BCL-2 proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Mitochondrial BCL-2 proteins are also often needed for receptor-mediated signaling in apoptosis. Then, the truncated BH3-only protein BID (tBID) blocks retrotranslocation of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins BAX and BAK from the mitochondria into the cytosol. BAX and BAK in turn permeabilize the OMM. Although the BCL-2 proteins are controlled by a complex regulatory network, a specific mechanism for the inhibition of tBID remained unknown. Curiously, it was suggested that hexokinases, which channel glucose into the metabolism, have an intriguing function in the regulation of apoptosis. Recent analysis of transient hexokinase interactions with BAX revealed its participation in the inhibition of BAX and also BAK by retrotranslocation from mitochondria to the cytosol. In contrast to general apoptosis inhibition by anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins, hexokinase I and hexokinase 2 specifically inhibit tBID and thus the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in response to death receptor signaling. Mitochondrial hexokinase localization and BH3 binding of cytosolic hexokinase domains are prerequisites for protection against receptor-mediated cell death, whereas glucose metabolism is not. This mechanism protects cells from apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T cells.
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17
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Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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18
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Wang Y, Tian Q, Hao Y, Yao W, Lu J, Chen C, Chen X, Lin Y, Huang Q, Xu L, Hu J, Lei S, Wei Z, Luo Y, Li Z, Hu L, Tang J, Wu Q, Zhou X, Wu Y, Yin Z, Xu J, Ye L. The kinase complex mTORC2 promotes the longevity of virus-specific memory CD4 + T cells by preventing ferroptosis. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:303-317. [PMID: 34949833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells can persist and confer rapid and efficient protection from microbial reinfection. However, the mechanisms underlying the long-term maintenance of the memory CD4+ T cell pool remain largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), we found that the serine/threonine kinase complex mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is critical for the long-term persistence of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells. The perturbation of mTORC2 signaling at memory phase led to an enormous loss of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells by a unique form of regulated cell death (RCD), ferroptosis. Mechanistically, mTORC2 inactivation resulted in the impaired phosphorylation of downstream AKT and GSK3β kinases, which induced aberrant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and ensuing ferroptosis-causative lipid peroxidation in virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells; furthermore, the disruption of this signaling cascade also inhibited glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a major scavenger of lipid peroxidation. Thus, the mTORC2-AKT-GSK3β axis functions as a key signaling hub to promote the longevity of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells by preventing ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxing Hao
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjin Lu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qizhao Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Lei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengping Wei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Saravia J, Chi H. mTORC2 forms iron-clad defense to guard memory. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:155-156. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Molecular Signaling to Preserve Mitochondrial Integrity against Ischemic Stress in the Heart: Rescue or Remove Mitochondria in Danger. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123330. [PMID: 34943839 PMCID: PMC8699551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide, and ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of heart failure (HF). The heart is a high-energy demanding organ, and myocardial energy reserves are limited. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, but under stress conditions, they become damaged, release necrotic and apoptotic factors, and contribute to cell death. Loss of cardiomyocytes plays a significant role in ischemic heart disease. In response to stress, protective signaling pathways are activated to limit mitochondrial deterioration and protect the heart. To prevent mitochondrial death pathways, damaged mitochondria are removed by mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitochondrial quality control mediated by mitophagy is functionally linked to mitochondrial dynamics. This review provides a current understanding of the signaling mechanisms by which the integrity of mitochondria is preserved in the heart against ischemic stress.
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21
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Anand U, Nahon-Crystal E, Di Carlo M, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A. Adverse Effects of Metformin From Diabetes to COVID-19, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Aging: Is VDAC1 a Common Target? Front Physiol 2021; 12:730048. [PMID: 34671273 PMCID: PMC8521008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for treating diabetes mellitus since the late 1950s. In addition to its antihyperglycemic activity, it was shown to be a potential drug candidate for treating a range of other diseases that include various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, renal diseases, obesity, inflammation, COVID-19 in diabetic patients, and aging. In this review, we focus on the important aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in energy metabolism and cell death with their gatekeeper VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) as a possible metformin target, and summarize metformin’s effects in several diseases and gut microbiota. We question how the same drug can act on diseases with opposite characteristics, such as increasing apoptotic cell death in cancer, while inhibiting it in neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, metformin’s adverse effects in many diseases all show VDAC1 involvement, suggesting that it is a common factor in metformin-affecting diseases. The findings that metformin has an opposite effect on various diseases are consistent with the fact that VDAC1 controls cell life and death, supporting the idea that it is a target for metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | | | - Marta Di Carlo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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22
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Pichla M, Sneyers F, Stopa KB, Bultynck G, Kerkhofs M. Dynamic control of mitochondria-associated membranes by kinases and phosphatases in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6541-6556. [PMID: 34448890 PMCID: PMC11073381 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-contact sites are getting more and more credit for their indispensable role in maintenance of cell function and homeostasis. In the last decades, the ER-mitochondrial contact sites in particular received a lot of attention. While our knowledge of ER-mitochondrial contact sites increases steadily, the focus often lies on a static exploration of their functions. However, it is increasingly clear that these contact sites are very dynamic. In this review, we highlight the dynamic nature of ER-mitochondrial contact sites and the role of kinases and phosphatases therein with a focus on recent findings. Phosphorylation events allow for rapid integration of information on the protein level, impacting protein function, localization and interaction at ER-mitochondrial contact sites. To illustrate the importance of these events and to put them in a broader perspective, we connect them to pathologies like diabetes type II, Parkinson's disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pichla
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Flore Sneyers
- Lab for Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kinga B Stopa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Lab for Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- Lab for Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Ravi B, Kanwar P, Sanyal SK, Bheri M, Pandey GK. VDACs: An Outlook on Biochemical Regulation and Function in Animal and Plant Systems. Front Physiol 2021; 12:683920. [PMID: 34421635 PMCID: PMC8375762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.683920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are the most abundant proteins present on the outer mitochondrial membrane. They serve a myriad of functions ranging from energy and metabolite exchange to highly debatable roles in apoptosis. Their role in molecular transport puts them on the center stage as communicators between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial signaling events. Beyond their general role as interchangeable pores, members of this family may exhibit specific functions. Even after nearly five decades of their discovery, their role in plant systems is still a new and rapidly emerging field. The information on biochemical regulation of VDACs is limited. Various interacting proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs) modulate VDAC functions, amongst these, phosphorylation is quite noticeable. In this review, we have tried to give a glimpse of the recent advancements in the biochemical/interactional regulation of plant VDACs. We also cover a critical analysis on the importance of PTMs in the functional regulation of VDACs. Besides, the review also encompasses numerous studies which can identify VDACs as a connecting link between Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling in special reference to the plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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24
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Vitamin K2 Modulates Organelle Damage and Tauopathy Induced by Streptozotocin and Menadione in SH-SY5Y Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060983. [PMID: 34202933 PMCID: PMC8234639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2, known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, can act as a potent neuroprotective molecule. Despite its action against mitochondrial dysfunction, the mechanism underlying the links between the protective effects of vitamin K2 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress along with basal levels of total tau protein and amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) has not been elucidated yet. To understand the neuroprotective effect of vitamin K2 during metabolic complications, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with streptozotocin for 24 h and menadione for 2 h in a dose-dependent manner, followed by post-treatment of vitamin K2 for 5 h. The modulating effects of vitamin K2 on cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, ER stress marker (CHOP), an indicator of unfolded protein response (UPR), inositol requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1α), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3α/β), total tau and Aβ42 were studied. Results showed that vitamin K2 significantly reduces neuronal cell death by inhibiting cytotoxicity and ROS levels and helps in the retainment of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, vitamin K2 significantly decreased the expression of CHOP protein along with the levels and the nuclear localization of p-IRE1α, thus showing its significant role in inhibiting chronic ER stress-mediated UPR and eventually cell death. In addition, vitamin K2 significantly down-regulated the expression of GSK3α/β together with the levels of total tau protein, with a petite effect on secreted Aβ42 levels. These results suggested that vitamin K2 alleviated mitochondrial damage, ER stress and tauopathy-mediated neuronal cell death, which highlights its role as new antioxidative therapeutics targeting related cellular processes.
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25
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Al Rahim M, Thatipamula S, Pasinetti GM, Hossain MA. Neuronal Pentraxin 1 Promotes Hypoxic-Ischemic Neuronal Injury by Impairing Mitochondrial Biogenesis via Interactions With Active Bax[6A7] and Mitochondrial Hexokinase II. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211012888. [PMID: 34098747 PMCID: PMC8191073 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211012888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key mechanism of cell death in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) has been shown to play crucial roles in mitochondria-mediated neuronal death. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of NP1-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains obscure. Here, we report that NP1 induction following HI and its subsequent localization to mitochondria, leads to disruption of key regulatory proteins for mitochondrial biogenesis. Brain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mtDNA-encoded subunit I of complex IV (mtCOX-1) expression was increased post-HI, but not the nuclear DNA-encoded subunit of complex II (nSDH-A). Up-regulation of mitochondrial proteins COXIV and HSP60 further supported enhanced mtDNA function. NP1 interaction with active Bax (Bax6A7) was increased in the brain after HI and in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal cultures. Importantly, NP1 colocalized with mitochondrial hexokinase II (mtHKII) following OGD leading to HKII dissociation from mitochondria. Knockdown of NP1 or SB216763, a GSK-3 inhibitor, prevented OGD-induced mtHKII dissociation and cellular ATP decrease. NP1 also modulated the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, following HI. Together, we reveal crucial roles of NP1 in mitochondrial biogenesis involving interactions with Bax[6A7] and mtHKII in HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Rahim
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Shabarish Thatipamula
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.,James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Mir Ahamed Hossain
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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26
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Structural basis of complex formation between mitochondrial anion channel VDAC1 and Hexokinase-II. Commun Biol 2021; 4:667. [PMID: 34083717 PMCID: PMC8175357 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex formation between hexokinase-II (HKII) and the mitochondrial VDAC1 is crucial to cell growth and survival. We hypothesize that HKII first inserts into the outer membrane of mitochondria (OMM) and then interacts with VDAC1 on the cytosolic leaflet of OMM to form a binary complex. To systematically investigate this process, we devised a hybrid approach. First, we describe membrane binding of HKII with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing a membrane mimetic model with enhanced lipid diffusion capturing membrane insertion of its H-anchor. The insertion depth of the H-anchor was then used to derive positional restraints in subsequent millisecond-scale Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations to preserve the membrane-bound pose of HKII during the formation of the HKII/VDAC1 binary complex. Multiple BD-derived structural models for the complex were further refined and their structural stability probed with additional MD simulations, resulting in one stable complex. A major feature in the complex is the partial (not complete) blockade of VDAC1's permeation pathway, a result supported by our comparative electrophysiological measurements of the channel in the presence and absence of HKII. We also show how VDAC1 phosphorylation disrupts HKII binding, a feature that is verified by our electrophysiology recordings and has implications in mitochondria-mediated cell death.
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27
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Szabo I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Targeting mitochondrial ion channels for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101846. [PMID: 33419703 PMCID: PMC8113036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial ion channels is emerging as a promising approach to eliminate cancer cells; as most of these channels are differentially expressed and/or regulated in cancer cells in comparison to healthy ones, this strategy may selectively eliminate the former. Perturbation of ion fluxes across the outer and inner membranes is linked to alterations of redox state, membrane potential and bioenergetic efficiency. This leads to indirect modulation of oxidative phosphorylation, which is/may be fundamental for both cancer and cancer stem cell survival. Furthermore, given the crucial contribution of mitochondria to intrinsic apoptosis, modulation of their ion channels leading to cytochrome c release may be of great advantage in case of resistance to drugs triggering apoptotic events upstream of the mitochondrial phase. In the present review, we give an overview of the known mitochondrial ion channels and of their modulators capable of killing cancer cells. In addition, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies using mitochondriotropic drugs or peptide-based approaches allowing a more efficient and selective targeting of mitochondrial ion channel-linked events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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28
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Luo L, Wu J, Lin T, Lian G, Wang H, Gao G, Xie L. Influence of atorvastatin on metabolic pattern of rats with pulmonary hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11954-11968. [PMID: 33886502 PMCID: PMC8109122 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabonomics has been widely used to analyze the initiation, progress, and development of diseases. However, application of metabonomics to explore the mechanism of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are poorly reported. This study aimed to investigate the influence of atorvastatin (Ato) on metabolic pattern of rats with pulmonary hypertension. METHODS PAH animal model was established using monocrotaline (MCT). The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were measured. The microstructure of pulmonary arterioles was observed by HE staining. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to detect and analyze the serum metabolites. The levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), hexokinase 2 (HK-2), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) in the lung tissues were measured. RESULTS Ato significantly improved lung function by decreasing mPAP, RVHI, wall thickness, and wall area. Differences in metabolic patterns were observed among normal, PAH, and Ato group. The levels of GSK-3β and SREBP-1c were decreased, but HK-2 and CPT-1 were increased in the group PAH. Ato treatment markedly reversed the influence of MCT. CONCLUSION Ato significantly improved the pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension of PAH rats due to its inhibition on Warburg effect and fatty acid β oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taijie Lin
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guili Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gufeng Gao
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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29
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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30
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SUMOylation controls the binding of hexokinase 2 to mitochondria and protects against prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1812. [PMID: 33753739 PMCID: PMC7985146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hexokinase 2 is an essential regulator of glycolysis that couples metabolic and proliferative activities in cancer cells. The binding of hexokinase 2 to the outer membrane of mitochondria is critical for its oncogenic activity. However, the regulation of hexokinase 2 binding to mitochondria remains unclear. Here, we report that SUMOylation regulates the binding of hexokinase 2 to mitochondria. We find that hexokinase 2 can be SUMOylated at K315 and K492. SUMO-specific protease SENP1 mediates the de-SUMOylation of hexokinase 2. SUMO-defective hexokinase 2 preferably binds to mitochondria and enhances both glucose consumption and lactate production and decreases mitochondrial respiration in parallel. This metabolic reprogramming supports prostate cancer cell proliferation and protects cells from chemotherapy-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrate an inverse relationship between SENP1-hexokinase 2 axis and chemotherapy response in prostate cancer samples. Our data provide evidence for a previously uncovered posttranslational modification of hexokinase 2 in cancer cells, suggesting a potentially actionable strategy for preventing chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer. The oncogenic activity of Hexokinase 2, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, requires its mitochondrial localization. Here, the authors show that SUMOylation of hexokinase 2 disrupts its binding to mitochondria and protects cells from tumorigenesis in prostate cancer.
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31
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Rossi A, Rigotto G, Valente G, Giorgio V, Basso E, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Defective Mitochondrial Pyruvate Flux Affects Cell Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Models. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2332-2348.e10. [PMID: 32075767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for brain health. Mitochondrial alterations have been reported in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms appears crucial to understand their relationship with the pathology. Using multiple genetic, pharmacological, imaging, and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that, in different familial AD cell models, mitochondrial ATP synthesis is affected. The defect depends on reduced mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, due to both lower Ca2+-mediated stimulation of the Krebs cycle and dampened mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. Importantly, this latter event is linked to glycogen-synthase-kinase-3β (GSK-3β) hyper-activation, leading, in turn, to impaired recruitment of hexokinase 1 (HK1) to mitochondria, destabilization of mitochondrial-pyruvate-carrier (MPC) complexes, and decreased MPC2 protein levels. Remarkably, pharmacological GSK-3β inhibition in AD cells rescues MPC2 expression and improves mitochondrial ATP synthesis and respiration. The defective mitochondrial bioenergetics influences glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity, thus representing a possible target for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Rigotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Valente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy.
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32
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Rosencrans WM, Rajendran M, Bezrukov SM, Rostovtseva TK. VDAC regulation of mitochondrial calcium flux: From channel biophysics to disease. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102356. [PMID: 33529977 PMCID: PMC7914209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the most abundant mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is important for a variety of mitochondrial functions including metabolite exchange, calcium transport, and apoptosis. While VDAC's role in shuttling metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria is well established, there is a growing interest in understanding the mechanisms of its regulation of mitochondrial calcium transport. Here we review the current literature on VDAC's role in calcium signaling, its biophysical properties, physiological function, and pathology focusing on its importance in cardiac diseases. We discuss the specific biophysical properties of the three VDAC isoforms in mammalian cells-VDAC 1, 2, and 3-in relationship to calcium transport and their distinct roles in cell physiology and disease. Highlighting the emerging evidence that cytosolic proteins interact with VDAC and regulate its calcium permeability, we advocate for continued investigation into the VDAC interactome at the contact sites between mitochondria and organelles and its role in mitochondrial calcium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Rosencrans
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Megha Rajendran
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Sergey M Bezrukov
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Tatiana K Rostovtseva
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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33
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Miller WP, Sunilkumar S, Dennis MD. The stress response protein REDD1 as a causal factor for oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:127-136. [PMID: 33524531 PMCID: PMC7956244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual dysfunction, yet much remains unknown regarding the specific molecular events that contribute to diabetes-induced retinal pathophysiology. Herein, we review the impact of oxidative stress on DR, and explore evidence that supports a key role for the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage (REDD1) in the development of diabetes-induced oxidative stress and functional defects in vision. It is well established that REDD1 mediates the cellular response to a number of diverse stressors through repression of the central metabolic regulator known as mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A growing body of evidence also supports that REDD1 acts independent of mTORC1 to promote oxidative stress by both enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species and suppressing the antioxidant response. Collectively, there is strong preclinical data to support a key role for REDD1 in the development and progression of retinal complications caused by diabetes. Furthermore, early proof-of-concept clinical trials have found a degree of success in combating ischemic retinal disease through intravitreal delivery of an siRNA targeting the REDD1 mRNA. Overall, REDD1-associated signaling represents an intriguing target for novel clinical therapies that go beyond addressing the symptoms of diabetes by targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Tibenska V, Marvanova A, Elsnicova B, Hejnova L, Vebr P, Novotný J, Kolar F, Novakova O, M Zurmanova J. The cardioprotective effect persisting during recovery from cold acclimation is mediated by the β 2-adrenoceptor pathway and Akt activation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:746-755. [PMID: 33332989 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00756.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The infarct size-limiting effect elicited by cold acclimation (CA) is accompanied by increased mitochondrial resistance and unaltered β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling persisting for 2 wk at room temperature. As the mechanism of CA-elicited cardioprotection is not fully understood, we examined the role of the salvage β2-AR/Gi/Akt pathway. Male Wistar rats were exposed to CA (8°C, 5 wk), whereas the recovery group (CAR) was kept at 24°C for additional 2 wk. We show that the total number of myocardial β-ARs in the left ventricular myocardium did not change after CA but decreased after CAR. We confirmed the infarct size-limiting effect in both CA and CAR groups. Acute administration of β2-AR inhibitor ICI-118551 abolished the protective effect in the CAR group but had no effect in the control and CA groups. The inhibitory Giα1/2 and Giα3 proteins increased in the membrane fraction of the CAR group, and the phospho-Akt (Ser473)-to-Akt ratio also increased. Expression, phosphorylation, and mitochondrial location of the Akt target glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) were affected neither by CA nor by CAR. However, GSK-3β translocated from the Z-disk to the H-zone after CA, and acquired its original location after CAR. Our data indicate that the cardioprotection observed after CAR is mediated by the β2-AR/Gi pathway and Akt activation. Further studies are needed to unravel downstream targets of the central regulators of the CA process and the downstream targets of the Akt protein after CAR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardioprotective effect of cold acclimation and that persisting for 2 wk after recovery engage in different mechanisms. The β2-adrenoceptor/Gi pathway and Akt are involved only in the mechanism of infarct size-limiting effect occurring during the recovery phase. GSK-3β translocated from the Z-line to the H-zone of sarcomeres by cold acclimation returns back to the original position after the recovery phase. The results provide new insights potentially useful for the development of cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tibenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Marvanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Elsnicova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hejnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vebr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The field of phosphoinositide signaling has expanded significantly in recent years. Phosphoinositides (also known as phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs) are universal signaling molecules that directly interact with membrane proteins or with cytosolic proteins containing domains that directly bind phosphoinositides and are recruited to cell membranes. Through the activities of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphoinositide phosphatases, seven distinct phosphoinositide lipid molecules are formed from the parent molecule, phosphatidylinositol. PIP signals regulate a wide range of cellular functions, including cytoskeletal assembly, membrane budding and fusion, ciliogenesis, vesicular transport, and signal transduction. Given the many excellent reviews on phosphoinositide kinases, phosphoinositide phosphatases, and PIPs in general, in this review, we discuss recent studies and advances in PIP lipid signaling in the retina. We specifically focus on PIP lipids from vertebrate (e.g., bovine, rat, mouse, toad, and zebrafish) and invertebrate (e.g., Drosophila, horseshoe crab, and squid) retinas. We also discuss the importance of PIPs revealed from animal models and human diseases, and methods to study PIP levels both in vitro and in vivo. We propose that future studies should investigate the function and mechanism of activation of PIP-modifying enzymes/phosphatases and further unravel PIP regulation and function in the different cell types of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju V S Rajala
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology, and Cell Biology, and Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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36
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Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of GSK-3 in Treating Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020262. [PMID: 33572709 PMCID: PMC7911291 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are spreading worldwide and are one of the greatest threats to public health. There is currently no adequate therapy for these disorders, and therefore there is an urgent need to accelerate the discovery and development of effective treatments. Although neurodegenerative disorders are broad ranging and highly complex, they may share overlapping mechanisms, and thus potentially manifest common targets for therapeutic interventions. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is now acknowledged to be a central player in regulating mood behavior, cognitive functions, and neuron viability. Indeed, many targets controlled by GSK-3 are critically involved in progressing neuron deterioration and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on three pathways that represent prominent mechanisms linking GSK-3 with neurodegenerative disorders: cytoskeleton organization, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/autophagy axis, and mitochondria. We also consider the challenges and opportunities in the development of GSK-3 inhibitors for treating neurodegeneration.
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Verma A. VDAC1 at the Intersection of Cell Metabolism, Apoptosis, and Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1485. [PMID: 33114780 PMCID: PMC7693975 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein, is an important regulator of mitochondrial function, and serves as a mitochondrial gatekeeper, with responsibility for cellular fate. In addition to control over energy sources and metabolism, the protein also regulates epigenomic elements and apoptosis via mediating the release of apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria. Apoptotic and pathological conditions, as well as certain viruses, induce cell death by inducing VDAC1 overexpression leading to oligomerization, and the formation of a large channel within the VDAC1 homo-oligomer. This then permits the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA can also be released through this channel, which triggers type-Ι interferon responses. VDAC1 also participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria cross-talk, and in the regulation of autophagy, and inflammation. Its location in the outer mitochondrial membrane, makes VDAC1 ideally placed to interact with over 100 proteins, and to orchestrate the interaction of mitochondrial and cellular activities through a number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide insights into the multiple functions of VDAC1 and describe its involvement in several diseases, which demonstrate the potential of this protein as a druggable target in a wide variety of pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.S.-K.); (A.V.)
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38
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Haydinger CD, Kittipassorn T, Peet DJ. Power to see-Drivers of aerobic glycolysis in the mammalian retina: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:1057-1071. [PMID: 32710505 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian retina converts most glucose to lactate rather than catabolizing it completely to carbon dioxide via oxidative phosphorylation, despite the availability of oxygen. This unusual metabolism is known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Molecules and pathways that drive aerobic glycolysis have been identified and thoroughly studied in the context of cancer but remain relatively poorly understood in the retina. Here, we review recent research on the molecular mechanisms that underly aerobic glycolysis in the retina, focusing on key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). We also discuss the potential involvement of cell signalling and transcriptional pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which have been implicated in driving aerobic glycolysis in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Haydinger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thaksaon Kittipassorn
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Mahidol, Thailand
| | - Daniel J Peet
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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39
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Luo L, Xiao L, Lian G, Wang H, Xie L. miR-125a-5p inhibits glycolysis by targeting hexokinase-II to improve pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9014-9030. [PMID: 32427576 PMCID: PMC7288947 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microRNAs on the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) as a result of targeting hexokinase-II (HK-II) and its mechanism of action. Results: Differences in metabolic patterns were found between the normal group and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (MCT-PH) group. miR-125a-5p decreased glycolysis levels of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PASMCs by targeting HK-II and inhibiting its proliferation. In vivo experiments found that miR-125a-5p agomir upregulated HK-II expression in the MCT-PH. Right ventricular hypertrophy was reversed and cardiac function improved as a result of decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP). Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo experiments both confirmed that miR-125a-5p could inhibit cell glycolysis and PASMC proliferation to improve PAH by targeting HK-II. Methods: HK-II overexpression was constructed, and differentially expressed microRNAs were screened for using microarrays. Serum metabolites were detected using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Through screening for characteristic metabolites in rat body fluids and by analyzing biological functions, disordered metabolic pathways were identified. Activity of the miR-125a-5p target HK-II was measured using a luciferase reporter assay. Expression of downstream molecules was measured by RT–qPCR and/or western blot. Glucose consumption and lactic acid production were analyzed and used as a reflection of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Guili Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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40
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Kanwar P, Samtani H, Sanyal SK, Srivastava AK, Suprasanna P, Pandey GK. VDAC and its interacting partners in plant and animal systems: an overview. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:715-732. [PMID: 32338074 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1756214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular trafficking between different subcellular compartments is the key for normal cellular functioning. Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are small-sized proteins present in the outer mitochondrial membrane, which mediate molecular trafficking between mitochondria and cytoplasm. The conductivity of VDAC is dependent on the transmembrane voltage, its oligomeric state and membrane lipids. VDAC acts as a convergence point to a diverse variety of mitochondrial functions as well as cell survival. This functional diversity is attained due to their interaction with a plethora of proteins inside the cell. Although, there are hints toward functional conservation/divergence between animals and plants; knowledge about the functional role of the VDACs in plants is still limited. We present here a comparative overview to provide an integrative picture of the interactions of VDAC with different proteins in both animals and plants. Also discussed are their physiological functions from the perspective of cellular movements, signal transduction, cellular fate, disease and development. This in-depth knowledge of the biological importance of VDAC and its interacting partner(s) will assist us to explore their function in the applied context in both plant and animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kanwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsha Samtani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish K Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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41
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Gallyas Jr. F, Sumegi B. Mitochondrial Protection by PARP Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082767. [PMID: 32316192 PMCID: PMC7215481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the nuclear DNA damage sensor and signalling enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have recently been introduced in the therapy of cancers deficient in double-strand DNA break repair systems, and ongoing clinical trials aim to extend their use from other forms of cancer non-responsive to conventional treatments. Additionally, PARP inhibitors were suggested to be repurposed for oxidative stress-associated non-oncological diseases resulting in a devastating outcome, or requiring acute treatment. Their well-documented mitochondria- and cytoprotective effects form the basis of PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic use for non-oncological diseases, yet can limit their efficacy in the treatment of cancers. A better understanding of the processes involved in their protective effects may improve the PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in the non-oncological indications. To this end, we endeavoured to summarise the basic features regarding mitochondrial structure and function, review the major PARP activation-induced cellular processes leading to mitochondrial damage, and discuss the role of PARP inhibition-mediated mitochondrial protection in several oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gallyas Jr.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-278
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
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42
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Jin J, Li X, Hu B, Kim C, Cao W, Zhang H, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. FOXO1 deficiency impairs proteostasis in aged T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba1808. [PMID: 32494657 PMCID: PMC7176426 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
T cell differentiation involves the dynamic regulation of FOXO1 expression, which rapidly declines after activation and is subsequently restored. Reexpression is impaired in naïve CD4+ T cell responses from older individuals. Here, we show that FOXO1 promotes lysosome function through the induction of the key transcription factor for lysosomal proteins, TFEB. Subdued FOXO1 reexpression in activated CD4+ T cells impairs lysosomal activity, causing an expansion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Expansion of the MVB compartment induces the sequestration of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), thereby suppressing protein turnover and enhancing glycolytic activity. As a consequence, older activated CD4+ T cells develop features reminiscent of senescent cells. They acquire an increased cell mass, preferentially differentiate into short-lived effector T cells, and secrete exosomes that harm cells in the local environment through the release of granzyme B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jin
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuanying Li
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chulwoo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jorg J. Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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43
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Guo Y, Wei L, Zhou Y, Lu N, Tang X, Li Z, Wang X. Flavonoid GL-V9 induces apoptosis and inhibits glycolysis of breast cancer via disrupting GSK-3β-modulated mitochondrial binding of HKII. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:119-129. [PMID: 31669347 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism plays important roles in the growth and survival of cancer cells. Here, we find a newly synthesized flavonoid named GL-V9, which inhibits glycolysis and induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cell lines, and investigate the underlying mechanism. Results show that hexokinase II (HKII) plays important roles in the anticancer effects of GL-V9. GL-V9 not only downregulates the expression of HKII in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, but also induces dissociation of HKII from voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in mitochondria, resulting in glycolytic inhibition and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. The dissociation of mitochondrial HKII is attributed to GSK-3β-induced phosphorylation of mitochondrial VDAC. Our in vivo experiments also show that GL-V9 significantly inhibits the growth of human breast cancer due to activation of GSK-3β and inactivation of AKT. Thus, GL-V9 induces cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells via disrupting the mitochondrial binding of HKII. Our works demonstrate the significance of metabolic regulators in cancer growth and offer a fresh insight into the molecular basis for the development of GL-V9 as a candidate for breast carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Vengoji R, Ponnusamy MP, Rachagani S, Mahapatra S, Batra SK, Shonka N, Macha MA. Novel therapies hijack the blood-brain barrier to eradicate glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:2-14. [PMID: 30475990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is amongst the most aggressive brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. Despite significant advances in the current multimodality therapy including surgery, postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ)-based concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT), tumor recurrence is nearly universal with poor patient outcomes. These limitations are in part due to poor drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and resistance to CT and RT by a small population of cancer cells recognized as tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). Though CT and RT kill the bulk of the tumor cells, they fail to affect CSCs, resulting in their enrichment and their development into more refractory tumors. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms of resistance and developing therapies that specifically target CSCs can improve response, prevent the development of refractory tumors and increase overall survival of GBM patients. Small molecule inhibitors that can breach the BBB and selectively target CSCs are emerging. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in understanding the GBM CSC-specific signaling pathways, the CSC-tumor microenvironment niche that contributes to CT and RT resistance and the use of novel combination therapies of small molecule inhibitors that may be used in conjunction with TMZ-based chemoradiation for effective management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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45
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Miller WP, Toro AL, Barber AJ, Dennis MD. REDD1 Activates a ROS-Generating Feedback Loop in the Retina of Diabetic Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2369-2379. [PMID: 31141608 PMCID: PMC6541429 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study was designed to evaluate the role of the stress response protein REDD1 in diabetes-induced oxidative stress and retinal pathology. Methods Wild-type and REDD1-deficient mice were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Some mice received the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Visual function was assessed by virtual optometry. Retinas were analyzed by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by 2,7-dichlorofluoroscein. Similar analyses were performed on R28 retinal cells in culture exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, NAC, and/or the exogenous ROS source hydrogen peroxide. Results In the retina of diabetic mice, REDD1 expression and ROS were increased. In cells in culture, hyperglycemic conditions enhanced REDD1 expression, ROS levels, and the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, similar effects were not observed in the retina of diabetic mice or cells lacking REDD1. In the retina of diabetic mice and cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, NAC normalized ROS and prevented an increase in REDD1 expression. Diabetic mice receiving NAC also exhibited improved contrast sensitivity as compared to diabetic controls. Hydrogen peroxide addition to culture medium increased REDD1 expression and attenuated Akt/GSK3 phosphorylation in a REDD1-dependent manner. In REDD1-deficient cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, expression of a dominant negative Akt or constitutively active GSK3 increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted ROS. Conclusions The findings provide new insight into the mechanism whereby diabetes-induced hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress and visual dysfunction. Specifically, hyperglycemia-induced REDD1 activates a ROS-generating feedback loop that includes Akt/GSK3. Thus, therapeutic approaches targeting REDD1 expression and ROS may be beneficial for preventing diabetes-induced visual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Allyson L Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alistair J Barber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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46
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An expanding GSK3 network: implications for aging research. GeroScience 2019; 41:369-382. [PMID: 31313216 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few decades of longevity research have been very exciting. We now know that longevity and healthspan can be manipulated across species, from unicellular eukaryotes to nonhuman primates, and that while aging itself is inevitable, how we age is malleable. Numerous dietary, genetic, and pharmacological studies now point to links between metabolism and growth regulation as a central aspect in determining longevity and, perhaps more importantly, health with advancing age. Here, we focus on a relatively new player in aging studies GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase, a key factor in growth and metabolism whose name fails to convey the extensive breadth of its role in cellular adaptation. First, we provide a brief overview of GSK3, touching on those aspects that are likely relevant to aging. Then, we outline the role of GSK3 in cellular functions including growth signaling, cell fate, and metabolism. Next, we describe evidence demonstrating a direct role for GSK3 in a range of age-related diseases, despite the fact that they differ considerably in their etiology and pathology. Finally, we discuss the role that GSK3 may play in normative aging and how GSK3 might be a suitable target to oppose age-related disease vulnerability.
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Lee HJ, Li CF, Ruan D, He J, Montal ED, Lorenz S, Girnun GD, Chan CH. Non-proteolytic ubiquitination of Hexokinase 2 by HectH9 controls tumor metabolism and cancer stem cell expansion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2625. [PMID: 31201299 PMCID: PMC6573064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous efforts have been made to target metabolic dependencies of cancer cells for developing new therapies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of glycolysis inhibitors is limited due to their inability to elicit cell death. Hexokinase 2 (HK2), via its mitochondrial localization, functions as a central nexus integrating glycolysis activation and apoptosis resilience. Here we identify that K63-linked ubiquitination by HectH9 regulates the mitochondrial localization and function of HK2. Through stable isotope tracer approach and functional metabolic analyses, we show that HectH9 deficiency impedes tumor glucose metabolism and growth by HK2 inhibition. The HectH9/HK2 pathway regulates cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion and CSC-associated chemoresistance. Histological analyses show that HectH9 expression is upregulated and correlated with disease progression in prostate cancer. This work uncovers that HectH9 is a novel regulator of HK2 and cancer metabolism. Targeting HectH9 represents an effective strategy to achieve long-term tumor remission by concomitantly disrupting glycolysis and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jen Lee
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundational Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Diane Ruan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jiabei He
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Emily D Montal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef- Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Chia-Hsin Chan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Venditti P, Reed TT, Victor VM, Di Meo S. Insulin resistance and diabetes in hyperthyroidism: a possible role for oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:248-268. [PMID: 30843740 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1590567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to insulin, glycemic control involves thyroid hormones. However, an excess of thyroid hormone can disturb the blood glucose equilibrium, leading to alterations of carbohydrate metabolism and, eventually, diabetes. Indeed, experimental and clinical hyperthyroidism is often accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance. A common characteristic of hyperthyroidism and type 2 diabetes is the altered mitochondrial efficiency caused by the enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It is known that an excess of thyroid hormone leads to increased oxidant production and mitochondrial oxidative damage. It can be hypothesised that these species represent the link between hyperthyroidism and development of insulin resistance and diabetes, even though direct evidence of this relationship is lacking. In this review, we examine the literature concerning the effects of insulin and thyroid hormones on glucose metabolism and discuss alterations of glucose metabolism in hyperthyroid conditions and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underline them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Venditti
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Tanea T Reed
- b Department of Chemistry , Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond , KY , USA
| | - Victor M Victor
- c Service of Endocrinology, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO) , Valencia , Spain.,d Department of Physiology , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Sergio Di Meo
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog -mutant colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1106-1121. [PMID: 30362665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). These alterations, which correlate to KRAS mutations, have been identified as energy metabolism signatures. This review summarizes the relationship between colorectal tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism, especially for the deregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review will concentrate on the role of metabolic genes, factors and signaling pathways, which are coupled with the primary energy source connected with the KRAS mutation that induces metabolic alterations. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, deregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with KRAS mutations in colorectal tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors, agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling, may be clinically useful for colorectal tumor treatment through a patient-personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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50
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Gowthami N, Sunitha B, Kumar M, Keshava Prasad T, Gayathri N, Padmanabhan B, Srinivas Bharath M. Mapping the protein phosphorylation sites in human mitochondrial complex I (NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase): A bioinformatics study with implications for brain aging and neurodegeneration. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:13-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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