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Ramírez A, Ogonaga-Borja I, Acosta B, Chiliquinga AJ, de la Garza J, Gariglio P, Ocádiz-Delgado R, Bañuelos C, Camacho J. Ion Channels and Personalized Medicine in Gynecological Cancers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:800. [PMID: 37375748 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy against cancer plays a key role in delivering safer and more efficient treatments. In the last decades, ion channels have been studied for their participation in oncogenic processes because their aberrant expression and/or function have been associated with different types of malignancies, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer. The altered expression or function of several ion channels have been associated with tumor aggressiveness, increased proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells and with poor prognosis in gynecological cancer patients. Most ion channels are integral membrane proteins easily accessible by drugs. Interestingly, a plethora of ion channel blockers have demonstrated anticancer activity. Consequently, some ion channels have been proposed as oncogenes, cancer, and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in gynecological cancers. Here, we review the association of ion channels with the properties of cancer cells in these tumors, which makes them very promising candidates to be exploited in personalized medicine. The detailed analysis of the expression pattern and function of ion channels could help to improve the clinical outcomes in gynecological cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Ogonaga-Borja
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Brenda Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Andrea Jazmín Chiliquinga
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
| | - Jaime de la Garza
- Unidad de Oncología Torácica y Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico14080, Mexico
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ocádiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Programa Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
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2
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Avila E, Noriega-Mejía BJ, González-Macías J, Cortes-Hernández U, García-Quiroz J, García-Becerra R, Díaz L. The Preventive Role of the Vitamin D Endocrine System in Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108665. [PMID: 37240017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D along with its active metabolite calcitriol and its metabolic and signaling system, known as the vitamin D endocrine system, have been widely recognized as a pivotal regulator of calcium homeostasis in addition to non-calcemic antitumoral effects in a variety of human cancers, including cervical cancer. Several studies have found an inverse relationship between the incidence of cervical neoplasia and vitamin D levels. This narrative review updates the current evidence supporting the notion that the vitamin D endocrine system has a preventive role on cervical cancer, mainly in the early phases of the disease, acting at the level of suppressing cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, modulating inflammatory responses, and probably favoring the clearance of human papillomavirus-dependent cervical lesions. Although an optimal vitamin D status helps in the prevention and regression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, it appears that vitamin D alone or combined with chemotherapeutic agents has little effectivity once advanced cervical cancer is established. These observations suggest that an optimal vitamin D status might exert beneficial actions in the early phases of cervical cancer by preventing its onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Bryan Javier Noriega-Mejía
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn González-Macías
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Ulises Cortes-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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3
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Romero-Martínez BS, Sommer B, Solís-Chagoyán H, Calixto E, Aquino-Gálvez A, Jaimez R, Gomez-Verjan JC, González-Avila G, Flores-Soto E, Montaño LM. Estrogenic Modulation of Ionic Channels, Pumps and Exchangers in Airway Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097879. [PMID: 37175587 PMCID: PMC10178541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To preserve ionic homeostasis (primarily Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl-), in the airway smooth muscle (ASM) numerous transporters (channels, exchangers, and pumps) regulate the influx and efflux of these ions. Many of intracellular processes depend on continuous ionic permeation, including exocytosis, contraction, metabolism, transcription, fecundation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These mechanisms are precisely regulated, for instance, through hormonal activity. The lipophilic nature of steroidal hormones allows their free transit into the cell where, in most cases, they occupy their cognate receptor to generate genomic actions. In the sense, estrogens can stimulate development, proliferation, migration, and survival of target cells, including in lung physiology. Non-genomic actions on the other hand do not imply estrogen's intracellular receptor occupation, nor do they initiate transcription and are mostly immediate to the stimulus. Among estrogen's non genomic responses regulation of calcium homeostasis and contraction and relaxation processes play paramount roles in ASM. On the other hand, disruption of calcium homeostasis has been closely associated with some ASM pathological mechanism. Thus, this paper intends to summarize the effects of estrogen on ionic handling proteins in ASM. The considerable diversity, range and power of estrogens regulates ionic homeostasis through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca S Romero-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Laboratorio de Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Neurociencia Cognitiva Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Calixto
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ruth Jaimez
- Laboratorio de Estrógenos y Hemostasis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan C Gomez-Verjan
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Ciudad de México 10200, Mexico
| | - Georgina González-Avila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Morán-Zendejas R, Rodríguez-Menchaca AA. The anti-tumor drug 2-hydroxyoleic acid regulates the oncogenic potassium channel Kv10.1. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
2-hydroxyoleic acid (2OHOA) is a synthetic fatty acid with antitumor properties that alters membrane composition and structure, which in turn influences the functioning of membrane proteins and cell signaling. In this study, we propose a novel antitumoral mechanism of 2OHOA accomplished through the regulation of Kv10.1 channels. We evaluated the effects of 2OHOA on Kv10.1 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells by using electrophysiological techniques and a cell proliferation assay.
Results
2OHOA increased Kv10.1 channel currents in a voltage-dependent manner, shifted its conductance-voltage relationship towards negative potentials, and accelerated its activation kinetics. Moreover, 2OHOA reduced proliferation of cells that exogenously (HEK-293) and endogenously (MCF-7) expressed Kv10.1 channels. It is worth noting that the antiproliferative effect of 2OHOA was maintained in HEK-293 cells expressing a non-conducting mutant of Kv10.1 channel (Kv10.1-F456A), while it did not affect HEK-293 cells not expressing Kv10.1 channels, suggesting that 2OHOA interferes with a non-conducting function of Kv10.1 channels involved in cell proliferation. Finally, we found that 2OHOA can act synergistically with astemizole, a Kv10.1 channel blocker, to decrease cell proliferation more efficiently.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that 2OHOA decreases cell proliferation, at least in part, by regulating Kv10.1 channels.
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5
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Díaz L, Bernadez-Vallejo SV, Vargas-Castro R, Avila E, Gómez-Ceja KA, García-Becerra R, Segovia-Mendoza M, Prado-Garcia H, Lara-Sotelo G, Camacho J, Larrea F, García-Quiroz J. The Phytochemical α-Mangostin Inhibits Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth by Downregulating E6/E7-HPV Oncogenes and KCNH1 Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033055. [PMID: 36769377 PMCID: PMC9917835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. The main factor associated with the onset and progression of this neoplasia is the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV-oncogenes E6 and E7 are critical drivers of cellular transformation, promoting the expression of oncogenes such as KCNH1. The phytochemical α-mangostin (AM) is a potent antineoplastic and antiviral compound. However, its effects on HPV oncogenes and KCNH1 gene expression remain unknown. This study evaluated the effects of AM on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and gene expression, including its effects on tumor growth in xenografted mice. AM inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, being the most sensitive cell lines those with the highest number of HPV16 copies. In addition, AM promoted G1-cell cycle arrest in CaSki cells, while led to cell death in SiHa and HeLa cells. Of interest was the finding of an AM-dependent decreased gene expression of E6, E7 and KCNH1 both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the modulation of cytokine expression, Ki-67, and tumor growth inhibition. On these bases, we suggest that AM represents a good option as an adjuvant for the treatment and prevention of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Samantha V. Bernadez-Vallejo
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rafael Vargas-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Karla A. Gómez-Ceja
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiología, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Galia Lara-Sotelo
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5487-0900 (ext. 2418)
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6
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Luis E, Anaya-Hernández A, León-Sánchez P, Durán-Pastén ML. The Kv10.1 Channel: A Promising Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158458. [PMID: 35955591 PMCID: PMC9369319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistage process involving the dysregulation of multiple genes, proteins, and pathways that make any normal cell acquire a cancer cell phenotype. Therefore, it is no surprise that numerous ion channels could be involved in this process. Since their discovery and subsequent cloning, ion channels have been established as therapeutic targets in excitable cell pathologies (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias or epilepsy); however, their involvement in non-excitable cell pathologies is relatively recent. Among all ion channels, the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv10.1 have been established as a promising target in cancer treatment due to their high expression in tumoral tissues compared to low levels in healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Luis
- Cátedras CONACYT—Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U., Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U., Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (P.L.-S.); (M.L.D.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Arely Anaya-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km. 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martín, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico;
| | - Paulina León-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U., Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (P.L.-S.); (M.L.D.-P.)
| | - María Luisa Durán-Pastén
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U., Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (P.L.-S.); (M.L.D.-P.)
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Abstract
Bioelectricity goes far beyond electrical signaling in the nervous system, but this was initially not obvious for me. This article describes the journey from studying the biophysics of ion channels in classical electrically excitable tissues to focusing on the pathogenic roles of the Kv10.1 potassium channel in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI-NAT), Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Söğüt F, Çömelekoğlu Ü, Dervişoğlu H, Eroğlu P, Yalin S, Yilmaz NŞ. Effect of imipramine on ether à-go-go potassium channel (Kv1.10) expression in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14291. [PMID: 34729805 DOI: 10.1111/and.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent studies, it has been reported that ion channels play an important role in cancer formation. Therefore, it is possible that the use of pharmacological agents targeting ion channels will allow the development of new strategies for cancer treatment. In this study, we investigate the effect of imipramine on Eag1 channel expression in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Culture cells were divided into 4 groups as the control, 10, 50 and 75 µM imipramine. Eag1 channel currents and conductivity were determined by whole-cell patch-clamp technique and gene expression by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Current records were taken before (at 0th minute, as control) and 10 min after imipramine administration to the cells. It was observed that all three doses of imipramine significantly reduced Eag1 currents and conductivity compared with the control. However, the differences between dose groups were not significant. Similarly, Eag1 channel protein expression was found to be significantly reduced for all three doses of imipramine compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference in gene expression between dose groups. Obtained results suggested that imipramine has the potential to be used as a pharmacological agent targeting the Eag1 channel in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Söğüt
- Department of First Aid and Emergency, Vocational School of Medical Services, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Çömelekoğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hülya Dervişoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Pelin Eroğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serap Yalin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Necat Şakir Yilmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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9
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Dong Z, Liu Z, Liang M, Pan J, Lin M, Lin H, Luo Y, Zhou X, Yao W. Identification of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks contributes to explore underlying pathogenesis and therapy strategy of gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:226. [PMID: 34049561 PMCID: PMC8161999 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of noncoding RNAs that have gained increased attention in human tumor research. However, the identification and function of circRNAs are largely unknown in the context of gastric cancer (GC). This study aims to identify novel circRNAs and determine their action networks in GC. Methods A comprehensive strategy of data mining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and computational biology were conducted to discover novel circRNAs and to explore their potential mechanisms in GC. Promising therapeutic drugs for GC were determined by connectivity map (CMap) analysis. Results Six overlapped differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were screened from selected microarray and RNA-Seq datasets of GC, and the six DECs were then validated by sanger sequencing and RNase R treatment. Subsequent RT-qPCR analysis of GC samples confirmed decreased expressions of the six DECs (hsa_circ_0000390, hsa_circ_0000615, hsa_circ_0001438, hsa_circ_0002190, hsa_circ_0002449 and hsa_circ_0003120), all of which accumulated preferentially in the cytoplasm. MiRNA binding sites and AGO2 occupation of the six circRNAs were predicted using online databases, and circRNA–miRNA interactions including the six circRNAs and 33 miRNAs were determined. Then, 5320 target genes of the above 33 miRNAs and 1492 differently expressed genes (DEGs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were identified. After intersecting the miRNA target genes and the 889 downregulated DEGs, 320 overlapped target genes were acquired. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that these target genes were related to two critical tumor-associated signaling pathways. A protein–protein interaction network with the 320 target genes was constructed using STRING, and fifteen hubgenes (ATF3, BTG2, DUSP1, EGR1, FGF2, FOSB, GNAO1, GNAI1, GNAZ, GNG7, ITPR1, ITPKB, JUND, NR4A3, PRKCB) in the network were identified. Finally, bioactive chemicals (including vorinostat, trichostatin A and astemizole) based on the fifteen hubgenes were identifed as therapeutic agents for GC through the CMap analysis. Conclusions This study provides a novel insight for further exploration of the pathogenesis and therapy of GC from the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network perspective. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02903-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Pan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanwei Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenxia Yao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Toplak Ž, Hendrickx LA, Abdelaziz R, Shi X, Peigneur S, Tomašič T, Tytgat J, Peterlin-Mašič L, Pardo LA. Overcoming challenges of HERG potassium channel liability through rational design: Eag1 inhibitors for cancer treatment. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:183-226. [PMID: 33945158 DOI: 10.1002/med.21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two decades of research have proven the relevance of ion channel expression for tumor progression in virtually every indication, and it has become clear that inhibition of specific ion channels will eventually become part of the oncology therapeutic arsenal. However, ion channels play relevant roles in all aspects of physiology, and specificity for the tumor tissue remains a challenge to avoid undesired effects. Eag1 (KV 10.1) is a voltage-gated potassium channel whose expression is very restricted in healthy tissues outside of the brain, while it is overexpressed in 70% of human tumors. Inhibition of Eag1 reduces tumor growth, but the search for potent inhibitors for tumor therapy suffers from the structural similarities with the cardiac HERG channel, a major off-target. Existing inhibitors show low specificity between the two channels, and screenings for Eag1 binders are prone to enrichment in compounds that also bind HERG. Rational drug design requires knowledge of the structure of the target and the understanding of structure-function relationships. Recent studies have shown subtle structural differences between Eag1 and HERG channels with profound functional impact. Thus, although both targets' structure is likely too similar to identify leads that exclusively bind to one of the channels, the structural information combined with the new knowledge of the functional relevance of particular residues or areas suggests the possibility of selective targeting of Eag1 in cancer therapies. Further development of selective Eag1 inhibitors can lead to first-in-class compounds for the treatment of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žan Toplak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Louise A Hendrickx
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reham Abdelaziz
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Luis A Pardo
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Bachmann M, Li W, Edwards MJ, Ahmad SA, Patel S, Szabo I, Gulbins E. Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels as Regulators of Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:611853. [PMID: 33381507 PMCID: PMC7767978 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels allow the flux of specific ions across biological membranes, thereby determining ion homeostasis within the cells. Voltage-gated potassium-selective ion channels crucially contribute to the setting of the plasma membrane potential, to volume regulation and to the physiologically relevant modulation of intracellular potassium concentration. In turn, these factors affect cell cycle progression, proliferation and apoptosis. The present review summarizes our current knowledge about the involvement of various voltage-gated channels of the Kv family in the above processes and discusses the possibility of their pharmacological targeting in the context of cancer with special emphasis on Kv1.1, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv2.1, Kv10.1, and Kv11.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bachmann
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sameer Patel
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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EAG1 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by modulating SKP2 and metastasis through pseudopod formation. Oncogene 2020; 40:163-176. [PMID: 33097858 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ether-à-go-go-1 (EAG1), one of the potassium channels, is involved in various physiological processes and plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of many kinds of cancer. EAG1 is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma cells and is closely related to clinical prognosis, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we verified that EAG1 promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vitro and in vivo. It promotes cell cycle progression by inhibiting the ubiquitination of SKP2. In addition, EAG1 promotes the migration and invasion of HCC by promoting cell pseudopod formation. Furthermore, in a high-pressure plasmid-injected mouse liver orthotopic carcinoma model, astemizole, an EAG family blocker, can significantly inhibit the formation of liver cancer. Meanwhile, liver-specific EAG1 knockout mice show resistance to hepatocarcinogenesis. This research demonstrated that EAG1 plays an important role in the progression of HCC, and could be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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13
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Novel Therapeutic Approaches of Ion Channels and Transporters in Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:45-101. [PMID: 32715321 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of many ion channels and transporters in cancer cells display major differences in comparison to those from healthy cells. These differences provide the cancer cells with advantages for tumor development. Accordingly, targeting ion channels and transporters have beneficial anticancer effects including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor vascularization, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as promoting apoptosis. Some of the molecular mechanisms associating ion channels and transporters with cancer include the participation of oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic pathways, drug synergism, as well as noncanonical functions of ion channels. This diversity of mechanisms offers an exciting possibility to suggest novel and more effective therapeutic approaches to fight cancer. Here, we review and discuss most of the current knowledge suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy targeting ion channels and transporters. The role and regulation of ion channels and transporters in cancer provide a plethora of exceptional opportunities in drug design, as well as novel and promising therapeutic approaches that may be used for the benefit of cancer patients.
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14
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Procyanidin B1, a novel and specific inhibitor of Kv10.1 channel, suppresses the evolution of hepatoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114089. [PMID: 32533968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we and other groups revealed that aberrant expression of Kv10.1 channel, a voltage-gated potassium ion channel, contributes to a variety of tumorigenesis process.Potent and selective inhibitor of Kv10.1 is urgently needed, both as pharmacological tools for studying the physiological functions of this enigmatic channel and as potential leads for development of anti-tumor drugs. In this study, Procyanidin B1, a natural compound extracted from the grape seed, was identified as a potent, specific inhibitor, which can inhibit the Kv10.1 channel in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 10.38 ± 0.87 μM), but has negligible effects on other potassium channels, including Kir2.1, HERG or KCNQ1. It was demonstrated that Procyanidin B1 directly binds to Kv10.1 channel and inhibits its currents, without increasing intracellular Ca2+. Further, three amino acids, I550, T552, and Q557 in the C-linker domain of Kv10.1 were found critical for forming the binding pocket of Procyanidin B1 with Kv10.1 channel.In addition, Procyanidin B1 inhibits migration and proliferation of liver cancer cells (HuH-7 cells, HepG2 cells) through inhibiting Kv10.1, but not in Kv10.1 negatively expressed cell lines. Next, we assayed the tumor suppressing effect of Procyanidin B1 on cell line-derived xenograft mouse model. Our data showed that 15 mg/kg Procyanidin B1 can significantly suppress the growth of the tumor (HepG2) with an inhibition rate of about 60.25%. Compared with cisplatin, Procyanidin B1 has no side effect on the normal metabolismof the mice. The present work indicated that Procyanidin B1 is a proming liver cancer anti-tumor drug, and also confirmed that Kv10.1 can serve as a potential, tumor-specific drug target.
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15
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Restrepo-Angulo I, Bañuelos C, Camacho J. Ion Channel Regulation by Sex Steroid Hormones and Vitamin D in Cancer: A Potential Opportunity for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:152. [PMID: 32210800 PMCID: PMC7076584 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ion channels are involved in tumor development, promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. Accordingly, some of them have been suggested as tumor markers and novel targets for cancer therapy. Some sex steroid hormones (SSH), including estrogens and androgens, favor cancer progression. Meanwhile, other steroid hormones like vitamin D may have anticancer properties. SSH and vitamin D modulate the expression of a number of ion channels in cancer cells from hormone-sensitive tissues, including breast, ovary, prostate, and cervix. Moreover, rapid effects of SSH may be mediated by their direct action on membrane ion channels. Here, we reviewed the SSH and vitamin D regulation of ion channels involved in cancer, and analyzed the potential molecular pathways implicated. In addition, we described the potential clinical use of ion channels in cancer diagnosis and therapy, taking advantage of their regulation by SSH and vitamin D. Since SSH are considered risk factors for different types of cancer, and ion channels play important roles in tumor progression, the regulation of ion channels by SSH and vitamin D may represent a potential opportunity for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in SSH and vitamin D sensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Restrepo-Angulo
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Transdisciplinary Program on Science, Technology and Society, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Eag1 Gene and Protein Expression in Human Retinoblastoma Tumors and its Regulation by pRb in HeLa Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020119. [PMID: 31973216 PMCID: PMC7074590 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric intraocular malignant tumor. Unfortunately, low cure rates and low life expectancy are observed in low-income countries. Thus, alternative therapies are needed for patients who do not respond to current treatments or those with advanced cases of the disease. Ether à-go-go-1 (Eag1) is a voltage-gated potassium channel involved in cancer. Eag1 expression is upregulated by the human papilloma virus (HPV) oncogene E7, suggesting that retinoblastoma protein (pRb) may regulate Eag1. Astemizole is an antihistamine that is suggested to be repurposed for cancer treatment; it targets proteins implicated in cancer, including histamine receptors, ATP binding cassette transporters, and Eag channels. Here, we investigated Eag1 regulation using pRb and Eag1 expression in human retinoblastoma. The effect of astemizole on the cell proliferation of primary human retinoblastoma cultures was also studied. HeLa cervical cancer cells (HPV-positive and expressing Eag1) were transfected with RB1. Eag1 mRNA expression was studied using qPCR, and protein expression was assessed using western blotting and immunochemistry. Cell proliferation was evaluated with an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. RB1 transfection down-regulated Eag1 mRNA and protein expression. The human retinoblastoma samples displayed heterogeneous Eag1 mRNA and protein expression. Astemizole decreased cell proliferation in primary retinoblastoma cultures. Our results suggest that Eag1 mRNA and protein expression was regulated by pRb in vitro, and that human retinoblastoma tissues had heterogeneous Eag1 mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, our results propose that the multitarget drug astemizole may have clinical relevance in patients with retinoblastoma, for instance, in those who do not respond to current treatments.
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17
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Abstract
Ion channels are a major class of membrane proteins that play central roles in signaling within and among cells, as well as in the coupling of extracellular events with cellular responses. Dysregulated ion channel activity plays a causative role in many diseases including cancer. Here, we will review their role in lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers, and it causes the highest number of deaths of all cancer types. The overall 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is only 19% and decreases to 5% when patients are diagnosed with stage IV. Thus, new therapeutical strategies are urgently needed. The important contribution of ion channels to the progression of various types of cancer has been firmly established so that ion channel-based therapeutic concepts are currently developed. Thus far, the knowledge on ion channel function in lung cancer is still relatively limited. However, the published studies clearly show the impact of ion channel inhibitors on a number of cellular mechanisms underlying lung cancer cell aggressiveness such as proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, or adhesion. Additionally, in vivo experiments reveal that ion channel inhibitors diminish tumor growth in mice. Furthermore, some studies give evidence that ion channel inhibitors can have an influence on the resistance or sensitivity of lung cancer cells to common chemotherapeutics such as paclitaxel or cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Wang X, Chen Y, Li J, Guo S, Lin X, Zhang H, Zhan Y, An H. Tetrandrine, a novel inhibitor of ether‐à‐go‐go‐1 (Eag1), targeted to cervical cancer development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7161-7173. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Junwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Xiaoe Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Hailong An
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
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19
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Delgado-Ramírez M, López-Izquierdo A, Rodríguez-Menchaca AA. Dual regulation of hEAG1 channels by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2531-2535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Ramírez A, Vera E, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Lambert P, Gariglio P, Camacho J. Calcium-activated potassium channels as potential early markers of human cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7249-7254. [PMID: 29725443 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer-associated mortality in women in developing countries. Thus, novel early markers are required. Ion channels have gained great interest as tumor markers, including cervical cancer. The calcium-activated potassium channel KCNMA1 (subunit α-1 from subfamily M) has been associated with different malignancies, including tumors such as breast and ovarian cancer that are influenced by hormones. The KCNMA1 channel blocker iberiotoxin decreases the proliferation of HeLa cervical cancer cells. Nevertheless, KCNMA1 channel expression during cervical carcinogenesis remains elusive. Therefore, KCNMA1 expression was studied in cervical cancer development. FVB transgenic mice expressing the E7-oncogene of high-risk human papilloma virus, and non-transgenic mice were treated with estradiol-releasing pellets during 3 or 6 months to induce cervical lesions. Twenty-four human cervical biopsies from non-cancerous, low- or high-grade intraepithelial lesions, or cervical cancer were also studied. mRNA and protein expression was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Cervical dysplasia and carcinoma were observed only in the transgenic mice treated with estradiol for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Estradiol treatment increased KCNMA1 mRNA and protein expression in all groups; however, the highest levels were observed in the transgenic mice with carcinoma. KCNMA1 protein expression in the squamous cells of the transformation zone was observed only in the transgenic mice with cervical dysplasia or cancer. Human biopsies from non-cancerous cervix did not display KCNMA1 protein expression; in contrast, the majority of the tissues with cervical lesions (16/18) displayed KCNMA1 protein expression. The lowest channel immunostaining intensity was observed in biopsies from low-grade dysplasia and the strongest in the carcinoma tissues. These results suggest KCNMA1 channels as potential early cervical cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Eunice Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Paul Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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21
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Chávez-López MDG, Zúñiga-García V, Hernández-Gallegos E, Vera E, Chasiquiza-Anchatuña CA, Viteri-Yánez M, Sanchez-Ramos J, Garrido E, Camacho J. The combination astemizole-gefitinib as a potential therapy for human lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5795-5803. [PMID: 29263676 PMCID: PMC5724417 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s144506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed. Repositioning of old drugs is gaining great interest in cancer treatment. Astemizole is an antihistamine proposed to be repositioned for cancer therapy. This drug targets several molecules involved in cancer including histamine receptors, ABC transporters and the potassium channels Eag1 and HERG. Astemizole inhibits the proliferation of different cancer cells including those from cervix, breast, leukemia and liver. Gefitinib is widely used to treat lung cancer; however, no response or drug resistance occurs in many cases. Here, we studied the combined effect of astemizole and gefitinib on the proliferation, survival, apoptosis and gene and protein expression of Eag1 channels in the human lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1975. Cell proliferation and survival were studied by the MTT method and the colony formation assay, respectively; apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry. Gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression was studied by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. We obtained the inhibitory concentrations 20 and 50 (IC20 and IC50, respectively) values for each drug from the cell proliferation experiments. Drug combination at their IC20 had a superior effect by reducing cell proliferation and survival in up to 80% and 100%, respectively. The drugs alone did not affect apoptosis of H1975 cells, but the drug combination at their IC20 increased apoptosis roughly four times in comparison to the effect of the drugs alone. Eag1 mRNA levels and protein expression were decreased by the drug combination in A549 cells, and astemizole induced subcellular localization changes of the channel protein in these cells. Our in vitro studies strongly suggest that the combination astemizole–gefitinib may be a novel and promising therapy for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Guadalupe Chávez-López
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Violeta Zúñiga-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elisabeth Hernández-Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eunice Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Alexandra Chasiquiza-Anchatuña
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of the Armed Forces ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Marco Viteri-Yánez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of the Armed Forces ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Janet Sanchez-Ramos
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Efraín Garrido
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Cázares-Ordoñez V, Pardo L. Kv10.1 potassium channel: from the brain to the tumors. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:531-536. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The KCNH1 gene encodes the Kv10.1 (Eag1) ion channel, a member of the EAG (ether-à-go-go) family of voltage-gated potassium channels. Recent studies have demonstrated that KCHN1 mutations are implicated in Temple–Baraitser and Zimmermann–Laband syndromes and other forms of developmental deficits that all present with mental retardation and epilepsy, suggesting that Kv10.1 might be important for cognitive development in humans. Although the Kv10.1 channel is mainly expressed in the mammalian brain, its ectopic expression occurs in 70% of human cancers. Cancer cells and tumors expressing Kv10.1 acquire selective advantages that favor cancer progression through molecular mechanisms that involve several cellular pathways, indicating that protein–protein interactions may be important for Kv10.1 influence in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Several studies on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of Kv10.1 expression have shown interesting mechanistic insights about Kv10.1 role in oncogenesis, increasing the importance of identifying the cellular factors that regulate Kv10.1 expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Cázares-Ordoñez
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - L.A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Casas-Grajales S, Vázquez-Flores LF, Ramos-Tovar E, Hernández-Aquino E, Flores-Beltrán RE, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Camacho J, Shibayama M, Tsutsumi V, Muriel P. Quercetin reverses experimental cirrhosis by immunomodulation of the proinflammatory and profibrotic processes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:610-624. [PMID: 28802065 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of quercetin to reverse an established cirrhosis has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of this flavonoid in reversing experimental cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight) three times per week for 8 weeks or by intraperitoneal petrolatum-CCl4 (400 mg/kg of body weight) administration three times per week for 8 weeks. To determine the capacity of quercetin to prevent liver fibrosis, the flavonoid (50 mg/kg of body weight, p.o.) was administered daily to rats during the CCl4 or TAA treatment. To evaluate the ability of quercetin to reverse the previously induced cirrhosis, we first treated rats with CCl4 for 8 weeks, as previously described and then the flavonoid was administered for four more weeks. We found that the liver anti-inflammatory and antinecrotic effects of quercetin are associated with its antioxidant properties, to the ability of the flavonoid to block NF-κB activation and in consequence to reduce cytokine IL-1. The ability of quercetin to reverse fibrosis may be associated with the capacity of the flavonoid to decrease TGF-β levels, hepatic stellate cell activation, and to promote degradation of the ECM by increasing metalloproteinases. The main conclusion is that quercetin, in addition to its liver protective activity against TAA chronic intoxication, is also capable of reversing a well-stablished cirrhosis by blocking the prooxidant processes and by downregulating the inflammatory and profibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sael Casas-Grajales
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis F Vázquez-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Hernández-Aquino
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa E Flores-Beltrán
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Cerda-García-Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
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Eag1 K + Channel: Endogenous Regulation and Functions in Nervous System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7371010. [PMID: 28367272 PMCID: PMC5358448 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7371010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ether-à-go-go1 (Eag1, Kv10.1, KCNH1) K+ channel is a member of the voltage-gated K+ channel family mainly distributed in the central nervous system and cancer cells. Like other types of voltage-gated K+ channels, the EAG1 channels are regulated by a variety of endogenous signals including reactive oxygen species, rendering the EAG1 to be in the redox-regulated ion channel family. The role of EAG1 channels in tumor development and its therapeutic significance have been well established. Meanwhile, the importance of hEAG1 channels in the nervous system is now increasingly appreciated. The present review will focus on the recent progress on the channel regulation by endogenous signals and the potential functions of EAG1 channels in normal neuronal signaling as well as neurological diseases.
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Eag1 Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels: Structure, Electrophysiological Characteristics, and Function in Cancer. J Membr Biol 2017; 250:123-132. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Urrego D, Movsisyan N, Ufartes R, Pardo LA. Periodic expression of Kv10.1 driven by pRb/E2F1 contributes to G2/M progression of cancer and non-transformed cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:799-811. [PMID: 27029528 PMCID: PMC4845928 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1138187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of cell cycle is associated with changes in K+ channel expression and activity. In this study, we report that Kv10.1, a K+ channel that increases cell proliferation and tumor growth, is regulated at the transcriptional level by the pRb/E2F1 pathway. De-repression of E2F1 by HPV-E7 oncoprotein leads to increased expression of Kv10.1. In proliferating cells, E2F1 transcription factor binds directly to the Kv10.1 promoter during (or close to) G2/M, resulting in transient expression of the channel. Importantly, this happens not only in cancer cells but also in non-transformed cells. Lack of Kv10.1 in both cancer and non-transformed cells resulted in prolonged G2/M phase, as indicated by phosphorylation of Cdk1 (Y15) and sustained pRb hyperphosphorylation. Our results strongly suggest that Kv10.1 expression is coupled to cell cycle progression and facilitates G2/M progression in both healthy and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Urrego
- a Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Naira Movsisyan
- a Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Roser Ufartes
- b Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals , Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Luis A Pardo
- a Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen , Germany
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Fadiel A, Choi SD, Park B, Kim TH, Buldo-Licciardi J, Ahmadi M, Arslan A, Mittal K, Naftolin F. Expression of Ezrin and Estrogen Receptors During Cervical Carcinogenesis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:706-712. [PMID: 27688241 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116667222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Development of cervical squamous carcinoma (CXCA) is accompanied by changes in estrogen receptors (ERs, ERα and ERβ) and ezrin expression; however, reports have been conflicting. Using histologically documented staging of cervical biopsies, we determined ezrin and ER relationships during CXCA development. METHODS Immunoreactive (ir) ezrin, ir-ERα, and ir-ERβ were studied in normal epithelium, carcinoma in situ/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 to 3, and local invasion or metastatic CXCA. Results were compared using H scoring. Cultures of Caski metastatic CXCA cells were treated with estradiol and/or tamoxifen and studied for ER-driven ir-ezrin and the morphologic response. RESULTS Koilocytosis was present and indicated viral presence. The ezrin H score increased from CIN1 to CIN3, reaching significant differences from normal by CIN3 ( P = .004) and 2× normal in metastatic CXCA. Estrogen receptor α and ERβ H scores fell, reaching significance by CIN3 (ERα, P = .0001; ERβ, P = .024). During estradiol treatment, ezrin in Caski cells increased and localized to the periphery, in ruffles and processes. The selective ER modulator tamoxifen blocked the estradiol-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS During cervical carcinogenesis, the usual relationship between estrogen and ezrin induction is abridged. This is consistent with the effects of human papilloma virus viral proteins such as E6 and E7 that upregulate SIX1, a protein that induces ezrin. Cervical carcinogenesis is progressive but arrests at the preinvasive stage for varying lengths of time. These studies suggest that changes in ezrin may be associated with the development of the invasive phenotype and penetration of the basement membrane. They also raise the possibility that inhibiting ezrin expression could be a target for the prevention of invasive CXCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fadiel
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seung Do Choi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Park
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Julia Buldo-Licciardi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitra Ahmadi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan Arslan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khushbakhat Mittal
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederick Naftolin
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Chávez-López MDG, Zúñiga-García V, Pérez-Carreón JI, Avalos-Fuentes A, Escobar Y, Camacho J. Eag1 channels as potential early-stage biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biologics 2016; 10:139-148. [PMID: 27703327 PMCID: PMC5036561 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s87402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. HCC is usually asymptomatic at potential curative stages, and it has very poor prognosis if detected later. Thus, the identification of early biomarkers and novel therapies is essential to improve HCC patient survival. Ion channels have been proposed as potential tumor markers and therapeutic targets for several cancers including HCC. Especially, the ether à-go-go-1 (Eag1) voltage-gated potassium channel has been suggested as an early marker for HCC. Eag1 is overexpressed during HCC development from the cirrhotic and the preneoplastic lesions preceding HCC in a rat model. The channel is also overexpressed in human HCC. Astemizole has gained great interest as a potential anticancer drug because it targets several proteins involved in cancer including Eag1. Actually, in vivo studies have shown that astemizole may have clinical utility for HCC prevention and treatment. Here, we will review first some general aspects of HCC including the current biomarkers and therapies, and then we will focus on Eag1 channels as promising tools in the early diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violeta Zúñiga-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | | | - Arturo Avalos-Fuentes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Yesenia Escobar
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Acelerada Sc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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Kv10.1 K+ channel: from physiology to cancer. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:751-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Acuña-Macías I, Vera E, Vázquez-Sánchez AY, Mendoza-Garrido ME, Camacho J. Differential regulation of human Eag1 channel expression by serum and epidermal growth factor in lung and breast cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2959-65. [PMID: 26527881 PMCID: PMC4621197 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s85504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic ether à-go-go-1 (Eag1) potassium channels are overexpressed in most primary human solid tumors. Low oxygen and nutrient/growth factor concentrations play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells survive and proliferate under growth factor-depleted conditions remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether serum-deprived conditions and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate Eag1 expression in human lung and breast cancer cells. The human cancer cell lines A549 and MCF-7 (from the lungs and breast, respectively) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and cultured following the manufacturer’s recommendations. Eag1 gene and protein expression were studied by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was investigated by Western blot. Serum-deprived conditions increased Eag1 mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines. This Eag1 upregulation was prevented by EGF and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 in only lung cancer cells; vascular endothelial growth factor did not prevent Eag1 upregulation. Our results suggest that Eag1 may act as a survival and mitogenic factor under low-serum and nutrient conditions and may be a clinical target during the early stages of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Acuña-Macías
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eunice Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Yolanda Vázquez-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Mendoza-Garrido
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zúñiga-García V, Chávez-López MDG, Quintanar-Jurado V, Gabiño-López NB, Hernández-Gallegos E, Soriano-Rosas J, Pérez-Carreón JI, Camacho J. Differential Expression of Ion Channels and Transporters During Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2373-83. [PMID: 25842354 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels and transporters are potential markers and therapeutic targets for several cancers. However, their expression during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unclear. AIM To investigate the mRNA expression of Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) channels and ABC transporters during rat HCC development, as well as Abcc3 protein in human liver biopsies. METHODS Wistar rats were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and developed both cirrhosis (12 weeks of treatment) and either pre-neoplastic lesions (16 weeks of treatment) or multinodular HCC (16 weeks of treatment plus 2 weeks DEN-free). The mRNA expression of 12 ion channels and two ABC transporters was studied using real-time RT-PCR. Tumor-containing or tumor-free liver sections were isolated by laser-capture microdissection. Abcc3 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in healthy, cirrhotic and HCC human biopsies. RESULTS We observed expression changes in seven genes. Kcna3, Kcnn4, Kcnrg and Kcnj11 potassium channel mRNA expression reached peak values at the end of DEN treatment, while Scn2a1 sodium channel, Trpc6 calcium channel and Abcc3 transporter mRNA expression reached their highest levels in the presence of HCC (18 weeks). Whereas Kcnn4 and Scn2a1 channel expression was similar in non-tumor and tumor tissue, the Abcc3 transporter and Kcna3 potassium channels were preferentially overexpressed in the tumor sections. We observed differential Abcc3 protein subcellular localization and expression in human samples. CONCLUSIONS The ion channel/transporter expression profile observed suggests that these genes are potential early markers or therapeutic targets of HCC. The differential localization of Abcc3 may be useful in the diagnosis of cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Zúñiga-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico,
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de Guadalupe Chávez-López M, Pérez-Carreón JI, Zuñiga-García V, Díaz-Chávez J, Herrera LA, Caro-Sánchez CH, Acuña-Macías I, Gariglio P, Hernández-Gallegos E, Chiliquinga AJ, Camacho J. Astemizole-based anticancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Eag1 channels as potential early-stage markers of HCC. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6149-58. [PMID: 25783527 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has very poor prognosis. Astemizole has gained great interest as a potential anticancer drug because it targets several proteins involved in cancer including the Eag1 (ether à-go-go-1) potassium channel that is overexpressed in human HCC. Eag1 channels are regulated by cancer etiological factors and have been proposed as early tumor markers. Here, we found that HepG2 and HuH-7 HCC cells displayed Eag1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, determined by real-time RT-PCR and immunochemistry, respectively. Astemizole inhibited human HCC cell proliferation (assessed by metabolic activity assay) and induced apoptosis (studied with flow cytometry) in both cell lines. The subcellular Eag1 protein localization was modified by astemizole in the HepG2 cells. The treatment with astemizole prevented diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat HCC development in vivo (followed by studying γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity). The Eag1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in most DEN-treated groups but decreased after astemizole treatment. GGT activity was decreased by astemizole. The Eag1 protein was detected in cirrhotic and dysplastic rat livers. Astemizole might have clinical utility for HCC prevention and treatment, and Eag1 channels may be potential early HCC biomarkers. These data provide significant basis to include astemizole in HCC clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Guadalupe Chávez-López
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
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Involvement of potassium channels in the progression of cancer to a more malignant phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2477-92. [PMID: 25517985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels are a diverse group of pore-forming transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate potassium flow through an electrochemical gradient. They participate in the control of the membrane potential and cell excitability in addition to different cell functions such as cell volume regulation, proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis as well as apoptosis. Because these physiological processes are essential for the correct cell function, K+ channels have been associated with a growing number of diseases including cancer. In fact, different K+ channel families such as the voltage-gated K+ channels, the ether à-go-go K+ channels, the two pore domain K+ channels and the Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been associated to tumor biology. Potassium channels have a role in neoplastic cell-cycle progression and their expression has been found abnormal in many types of tumors and cancer cells. In addition, the expression and activity of specific K+ channels have shown a significant correlation with the tumor malignancy grade. The aim of this overview is to summarize published data on K+ channels that exhibit oncogenic properties and have been linked to a more malignant cancer phenotype. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Kong X, Chen L, Jiao L, Jiang X, Lian F, Lu J, Zhu K, Du D, Liu J, Ding H, Zhang N, Shen J, Zheng M, Chen K, Liu X, Jiang H, Luo C. Astemizole arrests the proliferation of cancer cells by disrupting the EZH2-EED interaction of polycomb repressive complex 2. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9512-21. [PMID: 25369470 DOI: 10.1021/jm501230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) modulates the chromatin structure and transcriptional repression by trimethylation lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), a process that necessitates the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between the catalytic subunit EZH2 and EED. Deregulated PRC2 is intimately involved in tumorigenesis and progression, making it an invaluable target for epigenetic cancer therapy. However, until now, there have been no reported small molecule compounds targeting the EZH2-EED interactions. In the present study, we identified astemizole, an FDA-approved drug, as a small molecule inhibitor of the EZH2-EED interaction of PRC2. The disruption of the EZH2-EED interaction by astemizole destabilizes the PRC2 complex and inhibits its methyltransferase activity in cancer cells. Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that astemizole arrests the proliferation of PRC2-driven lymphomas primarily by disabling the PRC2 complex. Our findings demonstrate the chemical tractability of the difficult PPI target by a small molecule compound, highlighting the therapeutic promise for PRC2-driven human cancers via targeted destruction of the EZH2-EED complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
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Cázares-Ordoñez V, González-Duarte RJ, Díaz L, Ishizawa M, Uno S, Ortíz V, Ordoñez-Sánchez ML, Makishima M, Larrea F, Avila E. A cis-acting element in the promoter of human ether à go-go 1 potassium channel gene mediates repression by calcitriol in human cervical cancer cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:94-101. [PMID: 25495694 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ether à go-go 1 potassium channel (hEAG1) is required for cell cycle progression and proliferation of cancer cells. Inhibitors of hEAG1 activity and expression represent potential therapeutic drugs in cancer. Previously, we have shown that hEAG1 expression is downregulated by calcitriol in a variety of cancer cells. Herein, we provided evidence on the regulatory mechanism involved in such repressive effect in cells derived from human cervical cancer. Our results indicate that repression by calcitriol occurs at the transcriptional level and involves a functional negative vitamin D response element (nVDRE) E-box type in the hEAG1 promoter. The described mechanism in this work implies that a protein complex formed by the vitamin D receptor-interacting repressor, the vitamin D receptor, the retinoid X receptor, and the Williams syndrome transcription factor interact with the nVDRE in the hEAG1 promoter in the absence of ligand. Interestingly, all of these transcription factors except the vitamin D receptor-interacting repressor are displaced from hEAG1 promoter in the presence of calcitriol. Our results provide novel mechanistic insights into calcitriol mode of action in repressing hEAG1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cázares-Ordoñez
- a Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga # 15, Col. Sección XVI, México, D.F. 14000, México
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García-Quiroz J, García-Becerra R, Santos-Martínez N, Barrera D, Ordaz-Rosado D, Avila E, Halhali A, Villanueva O, Ibarra-Sánchez MJ, Esparza-López J, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Camacho J, Larrea F, Díaz L. In vivo dual targeting of the oncogenic Ether-à-go-go-1 potassium channel by calcitriol and astemizole results in enhanced antineoplastic effects in breast tumors. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:745. [PMID: 25280486 PMCID: PMC4194404 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oncogenic ether-à-go-go-1 potassium channel (EAG1) activity and expression are necessary for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. The active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol, and astemizole, a promising antineoplastic drug, target EAG1 by inhibiting its expression and blocking ion currents, respectively. We have previously shown a synergistic antiproliferative effect of calcitriol and astemizole in breast cancer cells in vitro, but the effect of this dual therapy in vivo has not been studied. Methods In the present study, we explored the combined antineoplastic effect of both drugs in vivo using mice xenografted with the human breast cancer cell line T-47D and a primary breast cancer-derived cell culture (MBCDF). Tumor-bearing athymic female mice were treated with oral astemizole (50 mg/kg/day) and/or intraperitoneal injections of calcitriol (0.03 μg/g body weight twice a week) during 3 weeks. Tumor sizes were measured thrice weekly. For mechanistic insights, we studied EAG1 expression by qPCR and Western blot. The expression of Ki-67 and the relative tumor volume were used as indicators of therapeutic efficacy. Results Compared to untreated controls, astemizole and calcitriol significantly reduced, while the coadministration of both drugs further suppressed, tumor growth (P < 0.05). In addition, the combined therapy significantly downregulated tumoral EAG1 and Ki-67 expression. Conclusions The concomitant administration of calcitriol and astemizole inhibited tumor growth more efficiently than each drug alone, which may be explained by the blocking of EAG1. These results provide the bases for further studies aimed at testing EAG1-dual targeting in breast cancer tumors expressing both EAG1 and the vitamin D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No, 15, Tlalpan, México, DF 14000, México.
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Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Astemizole on Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014; 24:824-8. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveCervical cancer is a major cause of mortality among women in developing countries. Thus, it is necessary to offer novel therapies to treat this malignancy. Astemizole has been suggested as a novel and interesting anticancer agent because it targets several proteins involved in cancer including Eag1 (ether à-go-go-1) potassium channels. Eag1 has been proposed as a tumor marker for different types of cancer. Actually, we previously suggested Eag1 channels as cervical cancer and dysplasia markers. Besides, Eag1 has been proposed as a therapeutic target for different malignancies. However, the effect of astemizole in cervical cancer cells is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of astemizole on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.MethodsFive cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, SiHa, CaSki, INBL, and C-33A) were cultured according to manufacturer’s instructions. Eag1 protein expression was studied by immunocytochemistry. Cell proliferation was assayed with the MTT method, and apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry.ResultsEag1 protein expression was observed in different cell lines. Astemizole decreased cell proliferation in up to 40% and increased apoptosis severalfold in all the cell lines studied.ConclusionsOur results suggest astemizole as a potential therapy for cervical cancer.
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Urrego D, Tomczak AP, Zahed F, Stühmer W, Pardo LA. Potassium channels in cell cycle and cell proliferation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130094. [PMID: 24493742 PMCID: PMC3917348 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cell-cycle progression is a crucial task for every multicellular organism, as it determines body size and shape, tissue renewal and senescence, and is also crucial for reproduction. On the other hand, dysregulation of the cell-cycle progression leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is a tightly regulated process, with multifaceted and very complex control mechanisms. It is now well established that one of those mechanisms relies on ion channels, and in many cases specifically on potassium channels. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms underlying the importance of potassium channels in cell-cycle control and briefly review some of the identified channels that illustrate the multiple ways in which this group of proteins can influence cell proliferation and modulate cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Urrego
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, , Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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Abstract
Potassium channels are transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate the flow of potassium ions down an electrochemical gradient. These molecules have been studied in great detail in the context of cell excitability, but their roles in less cell type-specific functions, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis or cell migration, have only recently been assessed. Moreover, the importance of these channels for tumour biology has become evident. This, coupled with the fact that they are accessible proteins and that their pharmacology is well characterized, has increased the interest in investigating potassium channels as therapeutic targets in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Walter Stühmer
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Ramírez A, Hinojosa LM, Gonzales JDJ, Montante-Montes D, Martínez-Benítez B, Aguilar-Guadarrama R, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Morales F, Carrillo-García A, Lizano M, García-Becerra R, Díaz L, Vázquez-Sánchez AY, Camacho J. KCNH1 potassium channels are expressed in cervical cytologies from pregnant patients and are regulated by progesterone. Reproduction 2013; 146:615-23. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag-related), member 1 (KCNH1) potassium channels are potential tumour markers and cancer therapeutic targets and are up-regulated by oestrogens and human papilloma virus (HPV) oncogenes. However, the role of KCNH1 in normal tissues is poorly understood, and its expression in pregnancy is unknown. We wondered whether KCNH1 channels are expressed in cervical cells from pregnant patients and whether progesterone (P4) regulates KCNH1. The association with HPV was also investigated. KCNH1 protein expression was studied by immunocytochemistry in liquid-based cervical cytologies; 93 samples were obtained from pregnant patients at different trimesters, and 15 samples were obtained from non-pregnant women (controls). The presence ofHPVwas studied by PCR with direct sequencing and nested multiplex PCR. HeLa cervical cancer cells were transfected with human progesterone receptor-B (PR-B) and treated with P4.KCNH1mRNA expression in these cultures was studied by real-time PCR. KCNH1 protein was detected in 100% of the pregnancy samples and in 26% of the controls. We found 18 pregnant patients infected with HPV and detected 14 types ofHPV. There was no association between the percentage of cells expressing KCNH1 and either the presence or type of HPV. P4induced KCNH1 mRNA and protein expression in cells transfected with human PR-B. No regulation of KCNH1 by P4was observed in non-transfected cells. We show for the first time the expression of an ion channel during human pregnancy at different trimesters and KCNH1 regulation by P4in human cells. These data raise a new research field for KCNH1 channels in human tissues.
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Ocadiz-Delgado R, Albino-Sanchez ME, Garcia-Villa E, Aguilar-Gonzalez MG, Cabello C, Rosete D, Mejia F, Manjarrez-Zavala ME, Ondarza-Aguilera C, Rivera-Rosales RM, Gariglio P. In situ molecular identification of the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Neuraminidase in patients with severe and fatal infections during a pandemic in Mexico City. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:20. [PMID: 23327529 PMCID: PMC3552683 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In April 2009, public health surveillance detected an increased number of influenza-like illnesses in Mexico City’s hospitals. The etiological agent was subsequently determined to be a spread of a worldwide novel influenza A (H1N1) triple reassortant. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that molecular detection of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 strains is possible in archival material such as paraffin-embedded lung samples. Methods In order to detect A (H1N1) virus sequences in archived biological samples, eight paraffin-embedded lung samples from patients who died of pneumonia and respiratory failure were tested for influenza A (H1N1) Neuraminidase (NA) RNA using in situ RT-PCR. Results We detected NA transcripts in 100% of the previously diagnosed A (H1N1)-positive samples as a cytoplasmic signal. No expression was detected by in situ RT-PCR in two Influenza-like Illness A (H1N1)-negative patients using standard protocols nor in a non-related cervical cell line. In situ relative transcription levels correlated with those obtained when in vitro RT-PCR assays were performed. Partial sequences of the NA gene from A (H1N1)-positive patients were obtained by the in situ RT-PCR-sequencing method. Sequence analysis showed 98% similarity with influenza viruses reported previously in other places. Conclusions We have successfully amplified specific influenza A (H1N1) NA sequences using stored clinical material; results suggest that this strategy could be useful when clinical RNA samples are quantity limited, or when poor quality is obtained. Here, we provide a very sensitive method that specifically detects the neuraminidase viral RNA in lung samples from patients who died from pneumonia caused by Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak in Mexico City.
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Huang Y, Li J, Xiang L, Han D, Shen X, Wu X. 17β-Oestradiol activates proteolysis and increases invasion through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in human cervical cancer cells. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 165:307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rodríguez-Rasgado JA, Acuña-Macías I, Camacho J. Eag1 channels as potential cancer biomarkers. SENSORS 2012; 12:5986-95. [PMID: 22778627 PMCID: PMC3386726 DOI: 10.3390/s120505986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. New early tumor markers are needed to treat the disease at curable stages. In addition, new therapeutic targets are required to treat patients not responding to available treatments. Ion channels play major roles in health and disease, including cancer. Actually, several ion channels have been suggested as potential tumor markers and therapeutic targets for different types of malignancies. One of most studied ion channels in cancer is the voltage-gated potassium channel Eag1 (ether à go-go 1), which has a high potential to be used as a cancer biomarker. Eag1 is expressed in most human tumors, in contrast to its restricted distribution in healthy tissues. Several findings suggest Eag1 as a potential early marker for cervical, colon, and breast cancer. In addition, because Eag1 amplification/expression is associated with poor survival in leukemia, colon and ovarian cancer patients, it has also been proposed as a prognosis marker. Moreover, inhibition of either expression or activity of Eag1 leads to reduced proliferation of cancer cells, making Eag1 a potential anticancer target. Using Eag1 in cancer detection programs could help to reduce mortality from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Adrián Rodríguez-Rasgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
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Hernandez-Plata E, Ortiz CS, Marquina-Castillo B, Medina-Martinez I, Alfaro A, Berumen J, Rivera M, Gomora JC. Overexpression of NaV1.6 channels is associated with the invasion capacity of human cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2013-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Ion channels are involved in a variety of tumors. In particular, potassium channels are expressed abnormally in many cancer types, where their pharmacologic manipulation impairs tumor progression. Since this group of molecules has been successfully targeted for decades in other therapeutic areas, there is a significant body of knowledge on the pharmacology of potassium channels. Several groups of potassium channels with defined molecular identities have been proposed as candidates for therapeutic intervention. The strategies put forward range from classical small molecule blockade to gene therapy approaches, and include the use of potassium channels as targets for adjuvant therapy. We will discuss the reasons for these proposals and explore possible future developments.
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Mello de Queiroz F, Sánchez A, Agarwal JR, Stühmer W, Pardo LA. Nucleofection induces non-specific changes in the metabolic activity of transfected cells. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2187-94. [PMID: 21643953 PMCID: PMC3271208 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transfection has become an everyday technique widely used for functional studies in living cells. The choice of the particular transfection method is usually determined by its efficiency and toxicity, and possible functional consequences specific to the method used are normally overlooked. We describe here that nucleofection, a method increasingly used because of its convenience and high efficiency, increases the metabolic rate of some cancer cells, which can be misleading when used as a measure of proliferation. Moreover, nucleofection can alter the subcellular expression pattern of the transfected protein. These undesired effects are independent of the transfected nucleic acid, but depend on the particular cell line used. Therefore, the interpretation of functional data using this technology requires further controls and caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mello de Queiroz
- Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin, Abteilung Molekulare Biologie Neuronaler Signale, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Chen Y, Sánchez A, Rubio ME, Kohl T, Pardo LA, Stühmer W. Functional K(v)10.1 channels localize to the inner nuclear membrane. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19257. [PMID: 21559285 PMCID: PMC3086910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopically expressed human KV10.1 channels are relevant players in tumor biology. However, their function as ion channels at the plasma membrane does not totally explain their crucial role in tumors. Both in native and heterologous systems, it has been observed that a majority of KV10.1 channels remain at intracellular locations. In this study we investigated the localization and possible roles of perinuclear KV10.1. We show that KV10.1 is expressed at the inner nuclear membrane in both human and rat models; it co-purifies with established inner nuclear membrane markers, shows resistance to detergent extraction and restricted mobility, all of them typical features of proteins at the inner nuclear membrane. KV10.1 channels at the inner nuclear membrane are not all transported directly from the ER but rather have been exposed to the extracellular milieu. Patch clamp experiments on nuclei devoid of external nuclear membrane reveal the existence of channel activity compatible with KV10.1. We hypothesize that KV10.1 channels at the nuclear envelope might participate in the homeostasis of nuclear K+, or indirectly interact with heterochromatin, both factors known to affect gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Araceli Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - María E. Rubio
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tobias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (LAP); (WS)
| | - Walter Stühmer
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (LAP); (WS)
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Asher V, Sowter H, Shaw R, Bali A, Khan R. Eag and HERG potassium channels as novel therapeutic targets in cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2010; 8:113. [PMID: 21190577 PMCID: PMC3022597 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-8-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage gated potassium channels have been extensively studied in relation to cancer. In this review, we will focus on the role of two potassium channels, Ether à-go-go (Eag), Human ether à-go-go related gene (HERG), in cancer and their potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of cancer. Eag and HERG are expressed in cancers of various organs and have been implicated in cell cycle progression and proliferation of cancer cells. Inhibition of these channels has been shown to reduce proliferation both in vitro and vivo studies identifying potassium channel modulators as putative inhibitors of tumour progression. Eag channels in view of their restricted expression in normal tissue may emerge as novel tumour biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Asher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Graduate Medicine and Health, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
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Restrepo-Angulo I, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Camacho J. Ion channels in toxicology. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:497-512. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chung SH, Franceschi S, Lambert PF. Estrogen and ERalpha: culprits in cervical cancer? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:504-11. [PMID: 20456973 PMCID: PMC2914219 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and its receptors are implicated in the promotion and prevention of various cancers. Although the uterine cervix is highly responsive to estrogen, the role of estrogen in cervical cancer, which is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, is poorly understood. Recent studies in HPV transgenic mouse models provide evidence that estrogen and its nuclear receptor promote cervical cancer in combination with HPV oncogenes. Although epidemiological studies further support this hypothesis, there is little experimental data assessing the hormonal responsiveness of human cervical cancers. If these cancers are dependent on estrogen, then drugs targeting estrogen and its receptors could be effective in treating and/or preventing cervical cancer, the second leading cause of death by cancer among women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuk Chung
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding author: Dr. Paul F. Lambert, Professor of Oncology, McArdle, Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1400 University, Ave, Madison WI 53706, USA,
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