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Joshi P, Ayyagari V, Kandel S, Modur V, Iqbal MF, Robinson K, Gao J, Rao K. Loss of RAB25 Cooperates with Oncogenes in the Transformation of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) to Give Rise to Claudin-Low Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:8544837. [PMID: 38803515 PMCID: PMC11129910 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8544837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The loss of RAB25 expression-RAS superfamily of GTPase characteristic of numerous breast cancers-corresponds with H-RAS point mutations, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), a subtype associated with a poor prognosis. To address the poorly understood factors dictating the progression of TNBC tumors, we examine the cooperative effects that loss of RAB25 expression in human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) lines with H-RAS mutations confers in tumorigenesis. HMECs were immortalized by transduction with LXSN CDK4 R24C, a mutant form of cyclin-dependent kinase, followed by transduction with hTERT, a catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme. We found that with the loss of RAB25 and overexpression of mutant H-RAS61L, immortal HMECs transformed toward anchorage-independent growth and acquired an increased ability to migrate. Furthermore, cells express low CD24, high CD44, and low claudin levels, indicating stem-like properties upon transformation. Besides, loss of RAB25 and overexpression of H-RAS61L resulted in increased expression of transcription factors Snail and Slug that drive these cells to lose E-cadherin and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study confirms that loss of RAB25 and overexpression of mutant H-RAS can drive HMECs toward a mesenchymal stem-like state. Our findings reveal that RAB25 functions as a tumor suppressor gene, and loss of RAB25 could serve as a novel biomarker of the claudin-low type of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ayyagari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Samikshya Kandel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Vishnu Modur
- Medpace, Inc., 5400 Medpace Way, Cincinnati, OH 45227, USA
| | - Muhammad F. Iqbal
- Cancer Specialists of North Florida, 80 Pinnacles Drive, Suite 700, Palm Coast, FL 32164, USA
| | - Kathy Robinson
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University, 315 W Carpenter St., Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - John Gao
- Department of Pathology and Gastroenterology, Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University, 315 W Carpenter St., Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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Hana C, Thaw Dar NN, Galo Venegas M, Vulfovich M. Claudins in Cancer: A Current and Future Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4634. [PMID: 38731853 PMCID: PMC11083183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of 27 proteins that have an important role in the formation of tight junctions. They also have an important function in ion exchange, cell mobility, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the latter being very important in cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic targeting of claudins has been investigated to improve cancer outcomes. Recent evidence shows improved outcomes when combining monoclonal antibodies against claudin 18.2 with chemotherapy for patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting claudin 18 are under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the major functions of claudins, their distribution in the normal as well as cancerous tissues, and their effect in cancer metastasis, with a special focus on the therapeutic targeting of claudins to improve cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hana
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (N.N.T.D.); (M.G.V.)
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Romanowicz A, Lukaszewicz-Zajac M, Mroczko B. Exploring Potential Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4253. [PMID: 38673838 PMCID: PMC11050399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer (OC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. OC is highly aggressive, primarily due to its late stage of diagnosis and poor prognosis for patients' survival. Therefore, the establishment of new biomarkers that will be measured with non-invasive techniques at low cost is a critical issue in improving the diagnosis of OC. In this review, we summarize several original studies concerning the potential significance of selected chemokines and their receptors, including inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs), claudins (CLDNs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), adamalysines (ADAMs), as well as DNA- and RNA-based biomarkers, in OC. The presented results indicate the significant correlation between the CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCL8/CXCR2, M-CSF, MMP-2, MMP-9 ADAM17, ADAMTS-6, and CLDN7 levels and tumor stage, as well as the clinicopathological parameters of OC, such as the presence of lymph node and/or distant metastases. CXCL12, CXCL8/CXCR2, IL-6, TIMP-2, ADAM9, and ADAMTS-6 were prognostic factors for the overall survival of OC patients. Furthermore, IL-6, CXCR4, CXCL8, and MMP-9 indicate higher diagnostic utility based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC) than well-established OC tumor markers, whereas CLDN18.2 can be used in novel targeted therapies for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Romanowicz
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Marta Lukaszewicz-Zajac
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.R.); (B.M.)
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Barrientos-Toro EN, Ding Q, Raso MG. Translational Aspects in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1433. [PMID: 38611109 PMCID: PMC11011105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare, heterogeneous group of invasive breast carcinomas, which are classified as predominantly triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs; HR-negative/HER2-negative). Histologically, MpBC is classified into six subtypes. Two of these are considered low-grade and the others are high-grade. MpBCs seem to be more aggressive, less responsive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and have higher rates of chemoresistance than other TNBCs. MpBCs have a lower survival rate than expected for TNBCs. MpBC treatment represents a challenge, leading to a thorough exploration of the tumor immune microenvironment, which has recently opened the possibility of new therapeutic strategies. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MpBC is characterized by the loss of intercellular adhesion, downregulation of epithelial markers, underexpression of genes with biological epithelial functions, upregulation of mesenchymal markers, overexpression of genes with biological mesenchymal functions, acquisition of fibroblast-like (spindle) morphology, cytoskeleton reorganization, increased motility, invasiveness, and metastatic capabilities. This article reviews and summarizes the current knowledge and translational aspects of MpBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizve Nairoby Barrientos-Toro
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Basho RK, Zhao L, White JB, Huo L, Bassett RL, Mittendorf EA, Thompson A, Litton JK, Ueno N, Arun B, Lim B, Valero V, Tripathy D, Zhang J, Adrada BE, Santiago L, Ravenberg E, Seth S, Yam C, Moulder SL, Damodaran S. Comprehensive Analysis Identifies Variability in PI3K Pathway Alterations in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300124. [PMID: 38484209 PMCID: PMC10954064 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The PI3K pathway is frequently altered in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Limited cell line and human data suggest that TNBC tumors characterized as mesenchymal (M) and luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtypes have increased incidence of alterations in the PI3K pathway. The impact of PI3K pathway alterations across TNBC subtypes is poorly understood. METHODS Pretreatment tumor was evaluated from operable TNBC patients enrolled on a clinical trial of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT; A Robust TNBC Evaluation fraMework to Improve Survival [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02276443]). Tumors were characterized into seven TNBC subtypes per Pietenpol criteria (basal-like 1, basal-like 2, immunomodulatory, M, mesenchymal stem-like, LAR, and unstable). Using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry for PTEN, alterations were identified in 32 genes known to activate the PI3K pathway. Alterations in each subtype were associated with pathologic response to NAT. RESULTS In evaluated patients (N = 177), there was a significant difference in the incidence of PI3K pathway alterations across TNBC subtypes (P < .01). The highest incidence of alterations was seen in LAR (81%), BL2 (79%), and M (62%) subtypes. The odds ratio for pathologic complete response (pCR) in the presence of PIK3CA mutation, PTEN mutation, and/or PTEN loss was highest in the LAR subtype and lowest in the M subtype, but these findings did not reach statistical significance. Presence of PIK3CA mutation was associated with pCR in the LAR subtype (P = .02). CONCLUSION PI3K pathway alteration can affect response to NAT in TNBC, and targeted agents may improve outcomes, particularly in patients with M and LAR TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhao
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jason B. White
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lei Huo
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Naoto Ueno
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Banu Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bora Lim
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Vicente Valero
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Debu Tripathy
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Sahil Seth
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Clinton Yam
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stacy L. Moulder
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
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Tan YQ, Chiou YS, Guo H, Zhang S, Huang X, Dukanya D, Kumar AM, Basappa S, Liu S, Zhu T, Basappa B, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Vertical pathway inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases and BAD with synergistic efficacy in triple negative breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:8. [PMID: 38200104 PMCID: PMC10781691 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling axis along with the sustained phosphorylation of downstream BAD is associated with a poor outcome of TNBC. Herein, the phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated ratio of BAD, an effector of PI3K/AKT promoting cell survival, was observed to be correlated with worse clinicopathologic indicators of outcome, including higher grade, higher proliferative index and lymph node metastasis. The structural optimization of a previously reported inhibitor of BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation was therefore achieved to generate a small molecule inhibiting the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser99 with enhanced potency and improved oral bioavailability. The molecule 2-((4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)(pyridin-3-yl)methyl) phenol (NCK) displayed no toxicity at supra-therapeutic doses and was therefore assessed for utility in TNBC. NCK promoted apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of TNBC cell lines in vitro, concordant with gene expression analyses, and reduced in vivo xenograft growth and metastatic burden, demonstrating efficacy as a single agent. Additionally, combinatorial oncology compound library screening demonstrated that NCK synergized with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), specifically OSI-930 or Crizotinib in reducing cell viability and promoting apoptosis of TNBC cells. The synergistic effects of NCK and TKIs were also observed in vivo with complete regression of a percentage of TNBC cell line derived xenografts and prevention of metastatic spread. In patient-derived TNBC xenograft models, NCK prolonged survival times of host animals, and in combination with TKIs generated superior survival outcomes to single agent treatment. Hence, this study provides proof of concept to further develop rational and mechanistic based therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the outcome of TNBC.
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Grants
- This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172618 to P.E.L. and 82102768 to Y.Q.T.), China; the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Innovative Oncotherapeutics (ZDSYS20200820165400003 to P.E.L.) (Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission), China; Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission Subject Construction Project ([2017]1434 to P.E.L.), China; Universities Stable Funding Key Projects (WDZC20200821150704001 to P.E.L.), China; Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515111064 to Y.Q.T.), China; The Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Oncotherapeutics (21310031 to P.E.L.), China; Overseas Research Cooperation Project (HW2020008 to V.P.) (Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School), China; Research Fund, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU-Q112002 to Y.C.), Taiwan and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M721894 to X.H.), China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Master Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui Guo
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dukanya Dukanya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India
| | - Arun M Kumar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India
| | - Shreeja Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006, Mysore, India.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Ismail Y, Zakaria AS, Allam R, Götte M, Ibrahim SA, Hassan H. Compartmental Syndecan-1 (CD138) expression as a novel prognostic marker in triple-negative metaplastic breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154994. [PMID: 38071886 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is rare, aggressive, and mostly triple-negative (TN) subtype of BC. We aimed to investigate the potential prognostic significance of Syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) expression in this unique tumor. METHODS Archived charts of 50 TNBC patients [21 MpBC and 29 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)] were retrospectively evaluated. Corresponding paraffin blocks were used for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of SDC1. Compartmental (epithelial membranous, stromal, and cytoplasmic) staining scores were expressed in quartiles (Q) and correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The median follow-up period was 54.6 months (range: 2.2-112.7). MpBC patients showed significantly worse DFS and OS than IDC (p = 0.007 and 0.004, respectively). MpBC demonstrated significantly higher Q4 stromal and membranous SDC1 compared to IDC (p = 0.016 and 0.021, respectively), whereas IDC exhibited significantly higher cytoplasmic Q4 SDC1 than MpBC (p = 0.015). Stromal Q4 SDC1 expression was found to be an independent factor associated with MpBC relative to IDC (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 1.24-36.90; p = 0.028). Stromal Q4 SDC1 expression was also an independent prognostic parameter for worse DFS and OS compared to Q1-3 in the whole cohort (HR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.6-10.5; p = 0.003 and HR: 5.8; 95% CI: 2.2-15.3; p < 0.001, respectively). In MpBC, cytoplasmic Q1-3 SDC1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for worse OS compared with their IDC counterparts (HR: 2.837, 95% CI: 1.048-7.682; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study suggests, for the first time, that differential expression and localization of SDC1 may contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of TN-MpBC. Therefore, targeting SDC1 (CD138) could emerge as a novel therapeutic approach for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Ismail
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Al-Shimaa Zakaria
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Rasha Allam
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149 Germany
| | | | - Hebatallah Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
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Fessart D, Robert J. [Mechanisms of cancer drug resistance]. Bull Cancer 2024; 111:37-50. [PMID: 37679207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research into the molecular mechanisms of cancer and the development of new treatments, drug resistance persists as a major problem. This is in part due to the heterogeneity of cancer, including the diversity of tumor cell lineage and cell plasticity, the spectrum of somatic mutations, the complexity of microenvironments, and immunosuppressive characteristic, then necessitating the use of many different therapeutic approaches. We summarize here the biological causes of resistance, thus offering new perspectives for tackle drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Fessart
- ARTiSt lab, Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1312 BRIC, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jacques Robert
- ARTiSt lab, Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1312 BRIC, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B. Claudins-Promising Biomarkers for Selected Gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancies? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:152. [PMID: 38201579 PMCID: PMC10778544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent() improvements in diagnostic ability() and treatment() strategies for patients() with neoplastic disease(), gastrointestinal (GI) cancers(), such() as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and oesophageal cancers(), are still common() malignancies and the leading() cause() of cancer() deaths worldwide(), with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis as well as poor patient() prognosis. There is a link() between the secretion of proteolytic enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and the pathogenesis of GI tumours. Recent() findings have focused() on the potential() significance() of selected claudins (CLDNs) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of GI cancers(). Tight junctions (TJs) have been proven to play an important role() in maintaining cell() polarity and permeability. A number of authors have recently() revealed that TJ proteins, particularly() selected CLDNs, are related() to inflammation and the development() of various tumours, including GI malignancies. This review() presents general() characteristics and the involvement() of selected CLDNs in the progression() of GI malignancies, with a focus() on the potential() application() of these proteins in the diagnosis() and prognosis of colorectal cancer() (CRC), gastric cancer() (GC), pancreatic cancer() (PC), and oesophageal cancer() (EC). Our review() indicates that selected CLDNs, particularly() CLDN1, 2, 4, 7, and 18, play a significant() role() in the development() of GI tumours and in patient() prognosis. Furthermore, selected CLDNs may be of value() in the design() of therapeutic() strategies for the treatment() of recurrent tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15 a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15 a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Elgun T, Yurttas AG, Cinar K, Ozcelik S, Gul A. Effect of aza-BODIPY-photodynamic therapy on the expression of carcinoma-associated genes and cell death mode. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103849. [PMID: 37863378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide.Photodynamic therapy(PDT) has now proven to be a promising form of cancer therapy due to its targeted and low cytotoxicity to healthy cells and tissues.PDT is a technique used to create cell death localized by light after application of a light-sensitive agent.Aza-BODIPY is a promising photosensitizer for use in PDT. Our results showed that aza-BODIPY-PDT induced apoptosis, probably through p53 and caspase3 in MCF-7 cells. Future studies should delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying aza-BODIPY-PDT-induced cell death for a better understanding of the signaling pathways modulated by the therapy so that this novel technology could be implemented in the clinic for treating breast cancer. AIM In this study,we aimed to determine the change in the expression levels of 88 carcinoma-associated genes induced by aza-BODIPY-PDT were analyzed so as to understand the specific pathways that are modulated by aza-BODIPY-PDT. MATERIAL METHOD In this study,the molecular basis of the anti-cancer activity of aza-BODIPY-PDT was investigated.Induction of apoptosis and necrosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells after treatment with aza- BODIPY derivative with phthalonitrile substituents (aza-BODIPY) followed by light exposure was evaluated by Annexin V 7- Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) flow cytometry. RESULTS Aza-BODIPY-PDT induced cell death in MCF-7 cells treated with aza-BODIPY-PDT; flow cytometry revealed that 28 % of the cells died by apoptosis. Seven of the 88 carcinoma-associated genes that were assayed were differentially expressed -EGF, LEF1, WNT1, TCF7, and TGFBR2 were downregulated, and CASP3 and TP53 were upregulated - in cells subjected to aza-BODIPY-PDT.This made us think that the aza-BODIPY-PDT induced caspase 3 and p53-mediated apoptosis in MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION In our study,it was determined that the application of aza-BODIPY-PDT to MCF7 cells had a negative effect on cell connectivity and cell cycle.The fact that the same effect was not observed in control cells and MCF7 cells in the dark field of aza-BODIPY indicates that aza-BODIPY has a strong phodynamic anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Elgun
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asiye Gok Yurttas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kamil Cinar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sennur Ozcelik
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Coutant A, Cockenpot V, Muller L, Degletagne C, Pommier R, Tonon L, Ardin M, Michallet MC, Caux C, Laurent M, Morel AP, Saintigny P, Puisieux A, Ouzounova M, Martinez P. Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal Pitfalls and Opportunities for the Detection of Rare High-Plasticity Breast Cancer Subtypes. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100258. [PMID: 37813278 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prominent types of cancers, in which therapeutic resistance is a major clinical concern. Specific subtypes, such as claudin-low and metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC), have been associated with high nongenetic plasticity, which can facilitate resistance. The similarities and differences between these orthogonal subtypes, identified by molecular and histopathological analyses, respectively, remain insufficiently characterized. Furthermore, adequate methods to identify high-plasticity tumors to better anticipate resistance are lacking. Here, we analyzed 11 triple-negative breast tumors, including 3 claudin-low and 4 MpBC, via high-resolution spatial transcriptomics. We combined pathological annotations and deconvolution approaches to precisely identify tumor spots, on which we performed signature enrichment, differential expression, and copy number analyses. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia public databases for external validation of expression markers. By focusing our spatial transcriptomic analyses on tumor cells in MpBC samples, we bypassed the negative impact of stromal contamination and identified specific markers that are neither expressed in other breast cancer subtypes nor expressed in stromal cells. Three markers (BMPER, POPDC3, and SH3RF3) were validated in external expression databases encompassing bulk tumor material and stroma-free cell lines. We unveiled that existing bulk expression signatures of high-plasticity breast cancers are relevant in mesenchymal transdifferentiated compartments but can be hindered by abundant stromal cells in tumor samples, negatively impacting their clinical applicability. Spatial transcriptomic analyses constitute powerful tools to identify specific expression markers and could thus enhance diagnosis and clinical care of rare high-plasticity breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Coutant
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Lauriane Muller
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Degletagne
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane Pommier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maude Ardin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Plateforme de bioinformatique Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Saintigny
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Maria Ouzounova
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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12
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Yang X, Tang T, Zhou T. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of metaplastic breast cancer versus triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:364. [PMID: 37996840 PMCID: PMC10668344 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaplastic breast cancer(MBC) is a specific pathological type of invasive breast cancer. There are few studies related to MBC due to its rarity. This study aimed to analyse the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between Metaplastic breast cancer and triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma (TN-IDC). METHODS We retrospectively compared the clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with MBC and TN-IDC at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2011 and 2020 in a 1:2 ratio. The log-rank test was used to compare the two groups' disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). For MBCs, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model to determine the characteristics that impacted OS and DFS. RESULTS A total of 81 patients with MBC and 162 patients with TN-IDC were included in this study. At initial diagnosis, MBC patients had larger tumour diameters(P = 0.03) and fewer positive lymph nodes (P = 0.04). Patients with MBC were more likely to have organ metastases after surgery (P = 0.03). Despite receiving the same treatment, MBC patients had worse DFS (HR = 1.66, 95%CI 0.90-3.08, P = 0.11) and OS (HR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.03-3.81, P = 0.04), and OS was statistically significant. Positive lymph nodes at initial diagnosis were associated with worse DFS (HR = 3.98, 95%CI 1.05-15.12, P = 0.04) and OS (HR = 3.70, 95%CI 1.03-13.34, P = 0.04) for patients with MBC. The efficacy of platinum-based agents is insensitive for MBC patients receiving chemotherapy. In addition, patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy had worse DFS compared to patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy (HR = 3.51, 95%CI 1.05-11.75, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of MBC and TN-IDC differ in many ways. Further studies are required to determine suitable treatment guidelines for patients with MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Yang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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13
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Chang CM, Lam HYP. Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Axillary Breast With Heterologous Mesenchymal (Chondroid) Differentiation: A Difficult Case and Literature Review. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2023; 17:11782234231215183. [PMID: 38024140 PMCID: PMC10676630 DOI: 10.1177/11782234231215183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an invasive carcinoma with a high differentiation rate of the neoplastic epithelium toward mesenchymal-like epithelium. It comprises of only less than 1% of all breast cancers. Although 80% to 90% of metaplastic breast carcinomas are triple-negative cancers, they usually have worse outcomes than other triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Metaplastic carcinoma is also often refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here, we reported a case of a 61-year-old female patient, presenting with a solitary and pedunculated mass in the right axillary tail breast tissue, whose biopsy revealed metaplastic breast carcinoma with chondroid differentiation. She had failed neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although she received debulking surgery, the tumor regrew even faster before surgery. Despite receiving palliative chemotherapy, the patient died 11 weeks after surgery. This case draws attention to physicians that early recognition and surgery may be more beneficial than chemotherapy in combating metaplastic breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ho Yin Pekkle Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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14
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Pan C, Xu A, Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Chen C. Research progress of Claudin-low breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1226118. [PMID: 37904877 PMCID: PMC10613467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1226118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is a subgroup of breast cancer discovered at the molecular level in 2007. Claudin is one of the primary proteins that make up tight junctions, and it plays crucial roles in anti-inflammatory and antitumor responses as well as the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. Decreased expression of claudin results in the disruption of tight junction structures and the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which can lead to tumor formation. The origin of Claudin-low breast cancer is still in dispute. Claudin-low breast cancer is characterized by low expression of Claudin3, 4, 7, E-cadherin, and HER2 and high expression of Vimentin, Snai 1/2, Twist 1/2, Zeb 1/2, and ALDH1, as well as stem cell characteristics. The clinical onset of claudin-low breast cancer is at menopause age, and its histological grade is higher. This subtype of breast cancer is more likely to spread to lymph nodes than other subtypes. Claudin-low breast cancer is frequently accompanied by increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis. According to a clinical retrospective analysis, claudin-low breast cancer can achieve low pathological complete remission. At present, although several therapeutic targets of claudin-low breast cancer have been identified, the effective treatment remains in basic research stages, and no animal studies or clinical trials have been designed. The origin, molecular biological characteristics, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of CLBC are extensively discussed in this article. This will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of CLBC and serve as the foundation for the individualization of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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15
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Das K, Paul S, Ghosh A, Gupta S, Mukherjee T, Shankar P, Sharma A, Keshava S, Chauhan SC, Kashyap VK, Parashar D. Extracellular Vesicles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Immune Regulation, Biomarkers, and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4879. [PMID: 37835573 PMCID: PMC10571545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype accounting for ~10-20% of all human BC and is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. Owing to its unique molecular profile and limited targeted therapies, TNBC treatment poses significant challenges. Unlike other BC subtypes, TNBC lacks specific molecular targets, rendering endocrine therapies and HER2-targeted treatments ineffective. The chemotherapeutic regimen is the predominant systemic treatment modality for TNBC in current clinical practice. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC is variable, with response rates varying between a wide range of patients, and the emerging resistance further adds to the difficulties. Furthermore, TNBC exhibits a higher mutational burden and is acknowledged as the most immunogenic of all BC subtypes. Consequently, the application of immune checkpoint inhibition has been investigated in TNBC, yielding promising outcomes. Recent evidence identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an important contributor in the context of TNBC immunotherapy. In view of the extraordinary ability of EVs to transfer bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNAs, and small miRNAs, between the cells, EVs are considered a promising diagnostic biomarker and novel drug delivery system among the prospects for immunotherapy. The present review provides an in-depth understanding of how EVs influence TNBC progression, its immune regulation, and their contribution as a predictive biomarker for TNBC. The final part of the review focuses on the recent key advances in immunotherapeutic strategies for better understanding the complex interplay between EVs and the immune system in TNBC and further developing EV-based targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhojit Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA or
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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16
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Abstract
Breast carcinomas classified based on traditional morphologic assessment provide useful prognostic information. Although morphology is still the gold standard of classification, recent advances in molecular technologies have enabled the classification of these tumors into four distinct subtypes based on its intrinsic molecular profile that provide both predictive and prognostic information. This article describes the association between the different molecular subtypes with the histologic subtypes of breast cancer and illustrates how these subtypes may affect the appearance of tumors on imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuchhanda Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, B1761 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Department of Radiology, Section of Breast Imaging and Intervention, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, 16105 Sand Canyon Avenue, Ste 215, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; Department of Radiology, Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Aparna Mahajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, B1781 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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17
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Pendleton KE, Wang K, Echeverria GV. Rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism in therapy-resistant cancers: permanent and plastic adaptations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254313. [PMID: 37779896 PMCID: PMC10534013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of tumor cell metabolism is widely recognized as a "hallmark of cancer." Many of the selective pressures encountered by tumor cells, such as exposure to anticancer therapies, navigation of the metastatic cascade, and communication with the tumor microenvironment, can elicit further rewiring of tumor cell metabolism. Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity has been recently appreciated as an emerging "hallmark of cancer." Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and central hubs of metabolism whose roles in cancers have been a major focus of numerous studies. Importantly, therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria are being developed. Interestingly, both plastic (i.e., reversible) and permanent (i.e., stable) metabolic adaptations have been observed following exposure to anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the plastic or permanent nature of these mechanisms is of crucial importance for devising the initiation, duration, and sequential nature of metabolism-targeting therapies. In this review, we compare permanent and plastic mitochondrial mechanisms driving therapy resistance. We also discuss experimental models of therapy-induced metabolic adaptation, therapeutic implications for targeting permanent and plastic metabolic states, and clinical implications of metabolic adaptations. While the plasticity of metabolic adaptations can make effective therapeutic treatment challenging, understanding the mechanisms behind these plastic phenotypes may lead to promising clinical interventions that will ultimately lead to better overall care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Pendleton
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karen Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gloria V. Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Zhu Z, Jiang L, Ding X. Advancing Breast Cancer Heterogeneity Analysis: Insights from Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics at Bulk and Single-Cell Levels. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4164. [PMID: 37627192 PMCID: PMC10452610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to pose a significant healthcare challenge worldwide for its inherent molecular heterogeneity. This review offers an in-depth assessment of the molecular profiling undertaken to understand this heterogeneity, focusing on multi-omics strategies applied both in traditional bulk and single-cell levels. Genomic investigations have profoundly informed our comprehension of breast cancer, enabling its categorization into six intrinsic molecular subtypes. Beyond genomics, transcriptomics has rendered deeper insights into the gene expression landscape of breast cancer cells. It has also facilitated the formulation of more precise predictive and prognostic models, thereby enriching the field of personalized medicine in breast cancer. The comparison between traditional and single-cell transcriptomics has identified unique gene expression patterns and facilitated the understanding of cell-to-cell variability. Proteomics provides further insights into breast cancer subtypes by illuminating intricate protein expression patterns and their post-translational modifications. The adoption of single-cell proteomics has been instrumental in this regard, revealing the complex dynamics of protein regulation and interaction. Despite these advancements, this review underscores the need for a holistic integration of multiple 'omics' strategies to fully decipher breast cancer heterogeneity. Such integration not only ensures a comprehensive understanding of breast cancer's molecular complexities, but also promotes the development of personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;
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19
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Feng Y, McGuire N, Walton A, Fox S, Papa A, Lakhani SR, McCart Reed AE. Predicting breast cancer-specific survival in metaplastic breast cancer patients using machine learning algorithms. J Pathol Inform 2023; 14:100329. [PMID: 37664452 PMCID: PMC10470383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with data emerging on prognostic factors and survival prediction. This study aimed to develop machine learning models to predict breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in MpBC patients, utilizing a dataset of 160 patients with clinical, pathological, and biological variables. An in-depth variable selection process was carried out using gain ratio and correlation-based methods, resulting in 10 variables for model estimation. Five models (decision tree with bagging; logistic regression; multilayer perceptron; naïve Bayes; and, random forest algorithms) were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. Despite the constraints posed by the absence of therapeutic information, the random forest model exhibited the highest performance in predicting BCSS, with an ROC area of 0.808. This study emphasizes the potential of machine learning algorithms in predicting prognosis for complex and heterogeneous cancer subtypes using clinical datasets, and their potential to contribute to patient management. Further research that incorporates additional variables, such as treatment response, and more advanced machine learning techniques will likely enhance the predictive power of MpBC prognostic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Feng
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Natasha McGuire
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Alexandra Walton
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Antonella Papa
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Amy E. McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
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20
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Lyu H, Hou D, Liu H, Ruan S, Tan C, Wu J, Hicks C, Liu B. HER3 targeting augments the efficacy of panobinostat in claudin-low triple-negative breast cancer cells. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:72. [PMID: 37537339 PMCID: PMC10400567 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis and high relapse rate due to limited therapeutic options. This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms of action of panobinostat, a pan-inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and FDA-approved medication for multiple myeloma, in TNBC and to provide a rationale for effective drug combinations against this aggressive disease. RNA sequencing analyses of the claudin-low (CL) TNBC (MDA-MB-231) cells untreated or treated with panobinostat were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes. Adaptive alterations in gene expression were analyzed and validated in additional CL TNBC cells. Tumor xenograft models were used to test the in vivo antitumor activity of panobinostat alone or its combinations with gefitinib, an EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Panobinostat potently inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in all TNBC cells tested. However, in CL TNBC cells, this HDAC inhibitor markedly enhanced expression of HER3, which interacted with EGFR to activate both receptors and Akt signaling pathways. Combinations of panobinostat and gefitinib synergistically suppressed CL TNBC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of HER3 compromises the efficacy of panobinostat in CL TNBC. Inactivation of HER3 combined with panobinostat represents a practical approach to combat CL TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Departments of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Defu Hou
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sanbao Ruan
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Congcong Tan
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jiande Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chindo Hicks
- Departments of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bolin Liu
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Departments of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Zboril EK, Grible JM, Boyd DC, Hairr NS, Leftwich TJ, Esquivel MF, Duong AK, Turner SA, Ferreira-Gonzalez A, Olex AL, Sartorius CA, Dozmorov MG, Harrell JC. Stratification of Tamoxifen Synergistic Combinations for the Treatment of ER+ Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3179. [PMID: 37370789 PMCID: PMC10296623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer alone accounts for the majority of cancer deaths among women, with the most commonly diagnosed subtype being estrogen receptor positive (ER+). Survival has greatly improved for patients with ER+ breast cancer, due in part to the development of antiestrogen compounds, such as tamoxifen. While treatment of the primary disease is often successful, as many as 30% of patients will experience recurrence and metastasis, mainly due to developed endocrine therapy resistance. In this study, we discovered two tamoxifen combination therapies, with simeprevir and VX-680, that reduce the tumor burden in animal models of ER+ breast cancer more than either compound or tamoxifen alone. Additionally, these tamoxifen combinations reduced the expression of HER2, a hallmark of tamoxifen treatment, which can facilitate acquisition of a treatment-resistant phenotype. These combinations could provide clinical benefit by potentiating tamoxifen treatment in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Zboril
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Grible
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - David C. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
- Integrative Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nicole S. Hairr
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Tess J. Leftwich
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Madelyn F. Esquivel
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Alex K. Duong
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Scott A. Turner
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | | | - Amy L. Olex
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carol A. Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - J. Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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22
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Ismail Y, Kamal A, Allam R, Zakaria AS. The conundrum of metaplastic breast cancer: a single Egyptian institution retrospective 10-year experience (2011-2020). J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:16. [PMID: 37271778 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaplastic breast cancer (MetBC) still represents a conundrum owing to its peculiar histogenesis and molecular drivers that render it extremely resistant to standard chemotherapy with ultimate dismal survival. AIM Describe the Egyptian National Cancer Institute's (NCI-E) experience with MetBC regarding its clinicopathologic features, treatment, and survival outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2011 and 2020, all MetBC patients presented to NCI-E were retrospectively evaluated. Original clinicopathologic data, therapeutic modalities, pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), recurrence, and date of last follow-up/death were obtained from archived charts. RESULTS A cohort of 135 females, the median age was 52 years, and median follow-up period was 40 months (range: 2.6-130.8). Two-thirds were triple negative (TN). Squamous carcinoma was prevalent in 74.8% followed by carcinoma with osseous/chondroid differentiation, spindle cell, and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma encountered in 13.3, 7.4, and 4.5%, respectively. Modified radical mastectomy was done in 59.3%, and positive nodes (pN+) were depicted in 37.7%. Median Ki-67 was 45% (range: 10-88); grade III and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were observed in 83.7 and 43.7%, respectively. Stage II was the most common (49%), whereas initial stage IV was encountered in 8.1%. Anthracyclines/taxane combinations were rampant in adjuvant/neoadjuvant settings. The latter was employed in 41 patients, with only 3 cases (7.3%) achieving pathologic complete response (pCR), while moderate/significant residual tumor burden was found in 83%. The 5-year DFS and OS were 56.4 and 57.6%, respectively. Spindle cell carcinoma showed the worst survival parameters in univariate analysis. On the multivariate level, higher tumor stage (pT3 & 4), Ki-67 ≥ 45%, and TN subtype were independent variables for worse DFS and OS; age ≥ 52 years and the presence of LVI were independent features for worse DFS, whereas pN+ was an independent parameter for worse OS. CONCLUSIONS This study further solidifies the dreadful response of MetBC to conventional chemotherapy regimens employed in common non-metaplastic pathologies. A radical shift in treatment standards tailored to combat the molecular landscape of this distinctive tumor is urgently needed. Immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents demonstrated promising results in phase I and II trials with hopeful sooner implementation in phase III studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Ismail
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt.
| | - Amr Kamal
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Rasha Allam
- Cancer Epidemiology & Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Al-Shimaa Zakaria
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
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23
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Ullah A, Khan J, Yasinzai AQK, Tracy K, Nguyen T, Tareen B, Garcia AA, Heneidi S, Segura SE. Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma in U.S. Population: Racial Disparities, Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Chemoradiation and Future Personalized Treatment with Genomic Landscape. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112954. [PMID: 37296916 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this population-based study, we aim to identify factors that are influential on the survival outcome in MBC and investigate novel molecular approaches in personalized disease management. METHODS The data of this study were collected from the SEER database from 2000-2018. A total of 5315 cases were extracted from the database. The data were evaluated for demographics, tumor characteristics, metastasis, and treatment. Survival analysis was completed by using SAS software for multivariate analysis, univariate analysis, and non-parametric survival analysis. The molecular data with the most common mutations in MBC were extracted from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. RESULTS The mean age at the time of presentation was 63.1 with a standard deviation (SD) of 14.2 years. Most patients were White (77.3%) with 15.7% Black patients, 6.1% Asian or Pacific Islander, and 0.5% American Indian. Histologically, most of the reported tumors were grade III (74.4%); 37% of the cases were triple negative (ER-, PR- and HER2-), whereas the hormone status was unknown in 46% of the cases. Spread was localized in 67.3% of patients while 26.3% had regional spread and 6.3% had distant metastases. Most tumors were unilateral (99.9%) and between 20-50 mm in size (50.6%). The lungs were the most common site for distant metastasis at diagnosis (3.42%) followed by bone (1.94%), liver (0.98%), and brain (0.56%). A combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy was the most common treatment with a cause-specific survival rate of 78.1% (95% CI = 75.4-80.4). The overall survival rate at 5 years was 63.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 62.0-65.1) with a cause-specific survival of 71.1% (95% CI = 69.5-72.6). Cause-specific survival was found to be 63.2% (95% CI = 58.9-67.1) in Black patients as compared to 72.4% (95% CI = 70.1-74.1) in White patients. Black patients also presented with higher rates of grade III disease, distant metastasis, and larger tumor size. On multivariate analysis, age > 60, grade III+, metastasis, and tumor size > 50 mm were associated with worse survival. The most common mutations in MBC identified in COSMIC data were TP53, PIK3CA, LRP1B, PTEN, and KMT2C. CONCLUSION Though rare, MBC is aggressive, with poor prognosis associated with high-grade tumors, metastasis, tumor size over 50 mm, and advanced age at the time of presentation. Overall, Black women had worse clinical outcomes. MBC is difficult to treat and carries a poor prognosis that affects various races disproportionately. Continued enhancement of treatment strategies to foster more individualized care as well as continued enrollment in clinical trials are needed to improve outcomes among patients with MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jaffar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Katharine Tracy
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tena Nguyen
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bisma Tareen
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta 83700, Pakistan
| | | | - Saleh Heneidi
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sheila E Segura
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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24
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Murakami-Nishimagi Y, Sugimoto K, Kobayashi M, Tachibana K, Kojima M, Okano M, Hashimoto Y, Saji S, Ohtake T, Chiba H. Claudin-4-adhesion signaling drives breast cancer metabolism and progression via liver X receptor β. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:41. [PMID: 37059993 PMCID: PMC10105442 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell adhesion is indispensable for appropriate tissue architecture and function in multicellular organisms. Besides maintaining tissue integrity, cell adhesion molecules, including tight-junction proteins claudins (CLDNs), exhibit the signaling abilities to control a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, it is still fragmentary how cell adhesion signaling accesses the nucleus and regulates gene expression. METHODS By generating a number of knockout and rescued human breast cell lines and comparing their phenotypes, we determined whether and how CLDN4 affected breast cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. We also identified by RNA sequencing downstream genes whose expression was altered by CLDN4-adhesion signaling. Additionally, we analyzed by RT-qPCR the CLDN4-regulating genes by using a series of knockout and add-back cell lines. Moreover, by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantification, we verified the clinicopathological significance of CLDN4 and the nuclear receptor LXRβ (liver X receptor β) expression in breast cancer tissues from 187 patients. RESULTS We uncovered that the CLDN4-adhesion signaling accelerated breast cancer metabolism and progression via LXRβ. The second extracellular domain and the carboxy-terminal Y197 of CLDN4 were required to activate Src-family kinases (SFKs) and the downstream AKT in breast cancer cells to promote their proliferation. Knockout and rescue experiments revealed that the CLDN4 signaling targets the AKT phosphorylation site S432 in LXRβ, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth, as well as cholesterol homeostasis and fatty acid metabolism, in breast cancer cells. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed the CLDN4-regulated genes are classified into at least six groups according to distinct LXRβ- and LXRβS432-dependence. Furthermore, among triple-negative breast cancer subjects, the "CLDN4-high/LXRβ-high" and "CLDN4-low and/or LXRβ-low" groups appeared to exhibit poor outcomes and relatively favorable prognoses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The identification of this machinery highlights a link between cell adhesion and transcription factor signalings to promote metabolic and progressive processes of malignant tumors and possibly to coordinate diverse physiological and pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Murakami-Nishimagi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazunoshin Tachibana
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Manabu Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Maiko Okano
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohtake
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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25
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Abuhadra N, Sun R, Bassett RL, Huo L, Chang JT, Teshome M, Clayborn AR, White JB, Ravenberg EE, Adrada BE, Candelaria RP, Yang W, Ding Q, Symmans WF, Arun B, Damodaran S, Koenig KB, Layman RM, Lim B, Litton JK, Thompson A, Ueno NT, Piwnica-Worms H, Hortobagyi GN, Valero V, Tripathy D, Rauch GM, Moulder S, Yam C. Targeting chemotherapy resistance in mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer: a phase II trial of neoadjuvant angiogenic and mTOR inhibition with chemotherapy. Invest New Drugs 2023:10.1007/s10637-023-01357-4. [PMID: 37043123 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Abuhadra
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mediget Teshome
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyson R Clayborn
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason B White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beatriz E Adrada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosalind P Candelaria
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banu Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Senthil Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimberly B Koenig
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachel M Layman
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gaiane M Rauch
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacy Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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26
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Dong S, Fang Y, Syed S. A rare case of advanced metaplastic breast carcinoma with response to treatment with Sacituzumab govitecan. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER: CASE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpccr.2023.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
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27
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Chang X, Obianwuna UE, Wang J, Zhang H, Qi G, Qiu K, Wu S. Glycosylated proteins with abnormal glycosylation changes are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123855. [PMID: 36868337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cancer management relies on tumor type and stage for diagnosis and treatment, which leads to recurrence and metastasis and death in young women. Early detection of proteins in the serum aids diagnosis, progression, and clinical outcomes, possibly improving survival rate of breast cancer patients. In this review, we provided an insight into the influence of aberrant glycosylation on breast cancer development and progression. Examined literatures revealed that mechanisms underlying glycosylation moieties alteration could enhance early detection, monitoring, and therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer patients. This would serve as a guide for the development of new serum biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity, providing possible serological biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, progression, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shugeng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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28
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Thomas HR, Hu B, Boyraz B, Johnson A, Bossuyt VI, Spring L, Jimenez RB. Metaplastic breast cancer: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 182:103924. [PMID: 36696934 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is an uncommon aggressive malignancy that is associated with a poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, the relationships between the clinical and pathological features of MpBC, treatment approach, and clinical outcomes remain underexplored. In the following review article, we synthesize the existing data on the clinical, pathological and genomic features, management, and outcomes of MpBC. We also identify potential targets for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horatio R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Bonnie Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Baris Boyraz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Veerle I Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Laura Spring
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Rachel B Jimenez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
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29
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[Triple-negative breast cancer : Classification, current concepts, and therapy-related factors]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 44:32-38. [PMID: 36595080 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 10% of all breast cancer cases and is defined by the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the lack of overexpression or amplification of HER2. It differs with regard to the younger age of the patients, an increased association with a mutation of BRCA1 and a mostly low differentiation from hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The spectrum of triple-negative breast cancer shows considerable heterogeneity both at the morphological and at the molecular level. It includes most commonly TNBC of no special type, with and without basal phenotype, triple-negative metaplastic breast carcinomas, triple-negative breast carcinomas with apocrine differentiation and rare triple-negative tumor types. At the gene-expression level, TNBC most commonly is associated with a basal phenotype, with rarer molecular variants of TNBC involving the Claudin-low, molecular apocrine types, and other rarer subtypes. Therefore, a critical use of the term TNBC, considering the histopathological tumor differentiation, is recommended.
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30
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Transcriptomic alterations underlying metaplasia into specific metaplastic components in metaplastic breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:11. [PMID: 36707876 PMCID: PMC9883935 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) typically consists of carcinoma of no special type (NST) with various metaplastic components. Although previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies have reported subtype-related heterogeneity, the intracase transcriptomic alterations between metaplastic components and paired NST components, which are critical for understanding the pathogenesis underlying the metaplastic processes, remain unclear. METHODS Fifty-nine NST components and paired metaplastic components (spindle carcinomatous [SPS], matrix-producing, rhabdoid [RHA], and squamous carcinomatous [SQC] components) were microdissected from specimens obtained from 27 patients with MpBC for gene expression profiling using the NanoString Breast Cancer 360 Panel on a NanoString nCounter FLEX platform. BC360-defined signatures were scored using nSolver software. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed a heterogeneous gene expression profile (GEP) corresponding to the NST components, but the GEP of metaplastic components exhibited subtype dependence. Compared with the paired NST components, the SPS components demonstrated the upregulation of genes related to stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and displayed enrichment in claudin-low and macrophage signatures. Despite certain overlaps in the enriched functions and signatures between the RHA and SPS components, the specific differentially expressed genes differed. We observed the RHA-specific upregulation of genes associated with vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. The chondroid matrix-producing components demonstrated the upregulation of hypoxia-related genes and the downregulation of the immune-related MHC2 signature and the TIGIT gene. In the SQC components, TGF-β and genes associated with cell adhesion were upregulated. The differentially expressed genes among metaplastic components in the 22 MpBC cases with one or predominantly one metaplastic component clustered paired NST samples into clusters with correlation with their associated metaplastic types. These genes could be used to separate the 31 metaplastic components according to respective metaplastic types with an accuracy of 74.2%, suggesting that intrinsic signatures of NST may determine paired metaplastic type. Finally, the EMT activity and stem cell traits in the NST components were correlated with specimens displaying lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We presented the distinct transcriptomic alterations underlying metaplasia into specific metaplastic components in MpBCs, which contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis underlying morphologically distinct metaplasia in MpBCs.
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31
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Firdous P, Hassan T, Farooq S, Nissar K. Applications of proteomics in cancer diagnosis. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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32
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Fu J, Peng S. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220510. [PMID: 36879644 PMCID: PMC9985445 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that exhibits aggressive tumor phenotypes, including rapid metastasis and tumor recurrence. Integrins belong to the family of transmembrane glycoproteins involved in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Aberrant β1 integrin signaling has been implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis processes. The present work aimed to investigate the role of β1 integrin in TNBC cancer progression using a mouse 4T1 cell line as a model system. We have sorted a subset of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) from the 4T1 cell line based on CD133 positivity by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and protein analysis studies showed the transcriptional upregulation of β1 integrin and its downstream target focal adhesion kinase in 4T1-TICs compared to parental 4T1 cells. In addition, the expression of β1 receptors in TICs is significantly higher than in parental population cells. Furthermore, in vitro cellular assays revealed that CD133+ TICs have higher clonogenic ability, invasion, and sphere formation potential. These findings suggest that β1 integrin has a potential role in TNBC invasion and metastasis. Hence, β1 integrin could be a possible factor for future targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Shengkun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 of West Section 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
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Habiburrahman M, Sutopo S, Wardoyo MP. Role of DEK in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of breast cancer: An evidence-based clinical review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 181:103897. [PMID: 36535490 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significantly burdening women's cancer with limited diagnostic modalities. DEK is a novel biomarker overexpressed in breast cancers, currently exhaustively researched for its diagnosis and prognosis. Search for relevant meta-analyses, cohorts, and experimental studies in the last fifteen years was done in five large scientific databases. Non-English, non-full text articles or unrelated studies were excluded. Thirteen articles discussed the potential of DEK to estimate breast cancer characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognosis. This proto-oncogene plays a role in breast carcinogenesis, increasing tumour proliferation and invasion, preventing apoptosis, and creating an immunodeficient tumour milieu with M2 tumour-associated macrophages. DEK is also associated with worse clinicopathological features and survival in breast cancer patients. Using a Kaplan-Meier plotter data analysis, DEK expression predicts worse overall survival (HR 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01-1.52, p = 0.039), comparable to other biomarkers. DEK is a promising novel biomarker requiring further research to determine its bedside applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Habiburrahman
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Stefanus Sutopo
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Prasetio Wardoyo
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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Yadav R, Kumar Y, Dahiya D, Bhatia A. Claudins: The Newly Emerging Targets in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:737-752. [PMID: 36175290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancers are recently described entities showing low expression of certain claudins and cell adhesion molecules. Claudins constitute the backbone of tight junctions (TJs) formed between 2 cells. Their dysregulation plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. First part of the article focuses on the role of claudins in the TJ organization, their structural-functional characteristics, and post-transcriptional and translational modifications. The latter part of the review attempts to summarize existing knowledge regarding the status of claudins in breast cancer. The article also provides an overview of the effect of claudins on tumor progression, metastasis, stemness, chemotherapy resistance, and their crosstalk with relevant signaling pathways in breast cancer. Claudins can act as 2-edged swords in tumors. Some claudins have either tumor-suppressive/ promoting action, while others work as both in a context-dependent manner. Claudins regulate many important events in breast cancer. However, the intricacies involved in their activity are poorly understood. Post-translational modifications in claudins and their impact on TJ integrity, function, and tumor behavior are still unclear. Although their role in adverse events in breast cancer is recognized, their potential to serve as relevant targets for future therapeutics, especially for difficult-to-treat subtypes of the above malignancy, remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Miao Z, Cao Q, Liao R, Chen X, Li X, Bai L, Ma C, Deng X, Dai Z, Li J, Dong C. Elevated transcription and glycosylation of B3GNT5 promotes breast cancer aggressiveness. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:169. [PMID: 35526049 PMCID: PMC9077843 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer because of its aggressive biological characteristics and no effective targeted agents. However, the mechanism underlying its aggressive behavior remain poorly understood. β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (B3GNT5) overexpression occurs specifically in BLBC. Here, we studied the possible molecular mechanisms of B3GBT5 promoting the aggressiveness of BLBC. Methods The potential effects of B3GNT5 on breast cancer cells were tested by colony formation, mammosphere formation, cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting. The glycosylation patterns of B3GNT5 and associated functions were determined by Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The effect of B3GNT5 expression on BLBC was assessed by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis model. Results In this study, we showed that B3GNT5 copy number amplification and hypomethylation of B3GNT5 promoter contributed to the overexpression of B3GNT5 in BLBC. Knockout of B3GNT5 strongly reduced surface expression of SSEA-1 and impeded cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties of BLBC cells. Our results also showed that B3GNT5 protein was heavily N-glycosylated, which is critical for its protein stabilization. Clinically, elevated expression of B3GNT5 was correlated with high grade, large tumor size and poor survival, indicating poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Conclusions Our work uncovers the critical association of B3GNT5 overexpression and glycosylation with enhanced CSCs properties in BLBC. These findings suggest that B3GNT5 has the potential to become a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for BLBC. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02375-5.
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Sher G, Masoodi T, Patil K, Akhtar S, Kuttikrishnan S, Ahmad A, Uddin S. Dysregulated FOXM1 signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:107-121. [PMID: 35931301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm, significant advances have been made in understanding the functional and biological plasticity of these elusive components in malignancies. Endowed with self-renewing abilities and multilineage differentiation potential, CSCs have emerged as cellular drivers of virtually all facets of tumor biology, including metastasis, tumor recurrence/relapse, and drug resistance. The functional and biological characteristics of CSCs, such as self-renewal, cell fate decisions, survival, proliferation, and differentiation are regulated by an array of extracellular factors, signaling pathways, and pluripotent transcriptional factors. Besides the well-characterized regulatory role of transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and MYC in CSCs, evidence for the central role of Forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 in the establishment, maintenance, and functions of CSCs is accumulating. Conventionally identified as a master regulator of the cell cycle, a comprehensive understanding of this molecule has revealed its multifarious oncogenic potential and uncovered its role in angiogenesis, invasion, migration, self-renewal, and drug resistance. This review compiles the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that provides evidence for the mechanisms by which FOXM1 expression promotes stemness in glioblastoma, breast, colon, ovarian, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic carcinomas. We have also compiled the data showing the association of stem cell mediators with FOXM1 using TCGA mRNA expression data. Further, the prognostic importance of FOXM1 and other stem cell markers is presented. The delineation of FOXM1-mediated regulation of CSCs can aid in the development of molecularly targeted pharmacological approaches directed at the selective eradication of CSCs in several human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Sher
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Kalyani Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Myricetin-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:248. [PMID: 36209343 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still a severe origin of malignant demise in females, and its prevalence is rising worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a diversified aggressive breast tumor distinguished by inadequate prognosis, early recurrence, high invasion, and extremely metastasized disease. Chemotherapy is being used to treat it; however, it has low efficacy. On the other hand, with the growing number of corroborations on subtypes of TNBC and molecular biology of tumors, significant advancement in TNBC targeted treatment has been made. Myricetin (MYR), a polyhydroxyflavonol compound widely found in nature, has been shown to possess anticancer effects in various cancers. Though, the mechanisms and impacts of MYR on metastasis of TNBC remain unclear. Early and late apoptotic cell death and cell proliferation inhibition were observed in MYR-treated TNBC cells. MYR modulated cell cycle, pro-angiogenic, and invasion effects via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (PKB/also known as AKT) signaling pathways. Moreover, it regulates the expression of MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, IκB/NF-κB, Hippo, STAT3, GSK-3β, Nrf2/HO-1, TLR, eNOS / NO, ACE, and AChE. Here, we review the anticancer effects of MYR for TNBC and target the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target for the fruitful treatment of TNBC to summarize MYR's therapeutic potential.
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Tsirigoti C, Ali MM, Maturi V, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Loss of SNAI1 induces cellular plasticity in invasive triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:832. [PMID: 36171192 PMCID: PMC9519755 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor SNAI1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and controls inter-tissue migration. High SNAI1 expression characterizes metastatic triple-negative breast carcinomas, and its knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 uncovered an epithelio-mesenchymal phenotype accompanied by reduced signaling by the cytokine TGFβ. The SNAI1 knockout cells exhibited plasticity in differentiation, drifting towards the luminal phenotype, gained stemness potential and could differentiate into acinar mammospheres in 3D culture. Loss of SNAI1 de-repressed the transcription factor FOXA1, a pioneering factor of mammary luminal progenitors. FOXA1 induced a specific gene program, including the androgen receptor (AR). Inhibiting AR via a specific antagonist regenerated the basal phenotype and blocked acinar differentiation. Thus, loss of SNAI1 in the context of triple-negative breast carcinoma cells promotes an intermediary luminal progenitor phenotype that gains differentiation plasticity based on the dual transcriptional action of FOXA1 and AR. This function of SNAI1 provides means to separate cell invasiveness from progenitor cell de-differentiation as independent cellular programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Tsirigoti
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Moustafa Ali
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Varun Maturi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Tiwari S, Kharbanda S, Singh H. Quatramer™ Mediated Codelivery of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6 Dual Inhibitor Augments the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Epirubicin in Breast Cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:184-193. [PMID: 36087881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The disruption and overexpression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway in cancer results in tumor growth, metastasis, and survival. Treatment with common anthracyclines has confirmed cancer cells' dependence on PI3K pathway through overexpression of AKT. Moreover, combining HDAC inhibitor with anthracycline has shown the targeting of breast cancer stem cells. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that the co-delivery of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6 dual inhibitor with Epirubicin using polymeric nanoparticle could increase the anti-cancer treatment efficacy with reduced toxicity. Pluronic modified polylactic acid block copolymer (quatramer) was used for encapsulation of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6 and Epirubicin. The co-encapsulated nanoparticles, PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs have shown size of 99±3 nm, PDI of 0.18±0.07 with a sustained and slow-release profile in non-physiological buffer (PBS, pH 7.4). The in-vitro cell proliferation inhibition studies done on 2D and 3D culture of breast cancer cell lines have confirmed the synergistic effect of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs with lower IC50 values compared to PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-NPs and Epi-NPs. Additionally, intravenous twice a week treatment for three weeks with PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs resulted in complete tumor eradication in the syngeneic breast tumor mice model. In comparison, the PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-NPs and Epi-NPs result in tumor growth inhibition of 15.86% and 81.59%, respectively. These studies predicted that clinical use of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs will be effective in breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchidanand Tiwari
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston-02115, MA, USA.
| | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, New Delhi 110023, India.
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Russell DH, Montgomery EA, Susnik B. Low to Intermediate (Borderline) Grade Breast Spindle Cell Lesions on Needle Biopsy: Diagnostic Approach and Clinical Management. Adv Anat Pathol 2022; 29:309-323. [PMID: 35838633 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell proliferations of the breast are a heterogeneous group of lesions ranging from benign or reactive lesions to aggressive malignant neoplasms. Diagnosis on core biopsy can be particularly challenging as lesions displaying different lineages associated with variable outcomes share overlapping morphologies (scar vs. fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma) whereas individual entities can exhibit a large variety of appearances (myofibroblastoma). In this review, lesions are grouped into lineage, when possible, including those showing fibroblastic/myofibroblastic differentiation, ranging from entities that require no additional management, such as scar and nodular fasciitis, to those with unpredictable clinical outcomes such as fibromatosis and solitary fibrous tumor or locally aggressive behavior such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The review of low-grade vascular lesions includes atypical vascular lesion and low-grade angiosarcoma. Also discussed are various adipocytic lesions ranging from lipoma to liposarcoma, and rare smooth muscle and neural entities more commonly encountered in locations outside the breast, such as leiomyoma, neurofibroma, schwannoma, or granular cell tumor. Optimal histological evaluation of these entities merges clinical and radiologic data with morphology and ancillary testing. We present our approach to immunohistochemical and other ancillary testing and highlight issues in pathology correlation with imaging. Recent updates in the management of breast spindle cell lesions are addressed. In a well-sampled lesion with radiographic concordance, the core biopsy diagnosis reliably guides management and we advocate the inclusion of management recommendations in the pathology report. Precise characterization using up to date guidelines is important to identify a subset of patients who may safely avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. A multidisciplinary approach with close collaboration with our clinical colleagues is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Russell
- Departments of Pathology University of Miami Hospital and Jackson Health Systems, Miami, FL
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Corso G, D'Ecclesiis O, Magnoni F, Mazzotta E, Conforti F, Veronesi P, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Fusco N, Gandini S. Metaplastic breast cancers and triple-negative breast cancers of no special type: are they prognostically different? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:459-466. [PMID: 35088973 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) and triple-negative (TN) BC of no special type are often confounded with each other in terms of survival and prognosis. In this systematic study and meta-analysis, we evaluated the prognosis of each of these two different diagnoses. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search and review using the MOOSE guidelines, through PUBMED database, the Ovid MEDLINE database, and the ISI Web of Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI Expanded). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were the main outcomes considered. RESULTS Our review eventually selected six independent studies, with a total of more than 59 519 patients. MBC was found to associate with worse OS compared to TNBC of no special type, with a significant 40% increased risk of death [summary hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-1.50]. We found neither heterogeneity ( I2 = 0%) nor evidence of publication bias ( P = 0.82 and P = 0.49 by Begg's and Egger's test, respectively) between studies. No statistically significant difference was found between MBC and TNBC of no special type in terms of DFS (SHR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.80-1.71). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TNBC of no special type and MBC have comparable DFS, although the latter presents a significantly worse prognosis in terms of OS. Despite DFS being similar in both subtypes, this did not result in significant OS benefits, with MBC score being the worse of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Oriana D'Ecclesiis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Francesca Magnoni
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Erica Mazzotta
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Fabio Conforti
- Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
- Biobank for Translational Medicine (B4MED) Unit, Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
- Biobank for Translational Medicine (B4MED) Unit, Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
- Biobank for Translational Medicine (B4MED) Unit, Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
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Mahmoud R, Ordóñez-Morán P, Allegrucci C. Challenges for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Defeating Heterogeneity and Cancer Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174280. [PMID: 36077812 PMCID: PMC9454775 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) subtype is known to have a more aggressive clinical course compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Targeted therapies for this type of breast cancer are limited and patients are mostly treated with conventional chemo- and radio-therapies which are not specific and do not target resistant cells. Therefore, one of the major clinical challenges is to find compounds that target the drug-resistant cell populations which are responsible for reforming secondary tumours. The molecular profiling of the different TNBC subtypes holds a promise for better defining these resistant cells specific to each tumour. To this end, a better understanding of TNBC heterogeneity and cancer stemness is required, and extensive genomic analysis can help to understand the disease complexity and distinguish new molecular drivers that can be targeted in the clinics. The use of persister cancer cell-targeting therapies combined with other therapies may provide a big advance to improve TNBC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinad Mahmoud
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Correspondence: (P.O.-M.); (C.A.)
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- SVMS, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Correspondence: (P.O.-M.); (C.A.)
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Hollis PR, Mobley RJ, Bhuju J, Abell AN, Sutter CH, Sutter TR. CYP1B1 Augments the Mesenchymal, Claudin-Low, and Chemoresistant Phenotypes of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9670. [PMID: 36077068 PMCID: PMC9456208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) is elevated in breast cancer. Studies indicate a relationship between CYP1B1 and aggressive cancer phenotypes. Here, we report on in vitro studies in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, where knockdown (KD) of CYP1B1 was used to determine the influence of its expression on invasive cell phenotypes. CYP1B1 KD in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the loss of mesenchymal morphology, altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal genes, and increased claudin (CLDN) RNA and protein. CYP1B1 KD cells had increased cell-to-cell contact and paracellular barrier function, a reduced rate of cell proliferation, abrogation of migratory and invasive activity, and diminished spheroid formation. Analysis of clinical breast cancer tumor samples revealed an association between tumors exhibiting higher CYP1B1 RNA levels and diminished overall and disease-free survival. Tumor expression of CYP1B1 was inversely associated with CLDN7 expression, and CYP1B1HI/CLDN7LOW identified patients with lower median survival. Cells with CYP1B1 KD had an enhanced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin. Our findings that CYP1B1 KD can increase chemosensitivity points to therapeutic targeting of this enzyme. CYP1B1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs may provide a novel targeted and effective approach to adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy against certain forms of highly metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas R. Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Bai R, Jia L, Gao Y, Sun X, Chen N, Lv Z, Cui J. Targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis of metaplastic SCC. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2799-2807. [PMID: 35975338 PMCID: PMC9527170 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the clinicopathological features, optimal treatment patterns, and prognosis of breast metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are not fully understood and are still controversial. Here, we report a 56‐year‐old female patient with breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis of metaplastic SCC admitted to our hospital. Their homology was clarified by comparing the gene mutation results of the two lesions, that is, the axillary lymph node lesion was a metastasis of breast metaplastic SCC. We treated the patient with Poly ADP‐ribose Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and found that she could achieve clinical benefit from the combination regimen. We reported a successful diagnosis and treatment of this rare refractory disease and reviewed the literature on the characteristics, pathogenesis, and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast metaplastic SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilan Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Genomic characterization and tumor evolution in paired samples of metaplastic breast carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1066-1074. [PMID: 35177782 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors (0.5-2%). They are mainly triple negative tumors but they present poorer chemotherapy responses and worse prognosis than other triple negative tumors. The aim of our study was to characterize the molecular profile and tumor evolution in matched (primary-relapse) tumor samples from patients with early-stage metaplastic breast carcinomas who had disease recurrence/progression. We performed genomic profiling of tumor biopsies at least from two different time points of their tumor evolution. Tumor samples were analyzed by DNA-Next Generation Sequencing (Illumina 2 x 75bp) using the Action OncoKitDX panel (Imegen-Health in Code group), which includes point mutations in 50 genes, CNVs, and fusion genes. Only pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were considered for analysis and they were categorized following the ComPerMed criteria. We analyzed 21 matched tumor samples (8 primary and 13 relapse/progression samples). Genomic profiling of matched tumor samples revealed that mutations present in primary tumors are generally maintained in the relapse/disease progression. We did not find a significant increase in point mutations between primary and relapse/progression samples, although gene amplifications were found more frequently in relapse/progression samples. Tumor samples harbored high frequency of TP53 (100%) and TERT promoter (29%) mutations, and of MYC amplifications (80% of which in relapse/progression samples). No PI3KCA mutations were found, but PTEN variations were enriched in 38% of samples (10% mutations and 28% deletions). FGFR1 amplifications were identified in 13% of samples (primary tumor only). Neither ERBB2 nor EGFR gene amplifications were detected. The most frequent pathogenic alterations occurred in cycle regulation's genes, including TP53 and TERT promoter mutations, and MYC amplifications. Relapse/progression samples were highly enriched for MYC amplification. Larger studies are required to better characterize these tumors, and identify new strategies to improve the prognosis of these patients.
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Yam C, Abuhadra N, Sun R, Adrada BE, Ding QQ, White JB, Ravenberg EE, Clayborn AR, Valero V, Tripathy D, Damodaran S, Arun BK, Litton JK, Ueno NT, Murthy RK, Lim B, Baez L, Li X, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN, Thompson AM, Mittendorf EA, Rauch GM, Candelaria RP, Huo L, Moulder SL, Chang JT. Molecular Characterization and Prospective Evaluation of Pathologic Response and Outcomes with Neoadjuvant Therapy in Metaplastic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2878-2889. [PMID: 35507014 PMCID: PMC9250637 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer that is commonly triple-negative and poorly responsive to neoadjuvant therapy in retrospective studies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To better define clinical outcomes and correlates of response, we analyzed the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy, survival outcomes, and genomic and transcriptomic profiles of the pretreatment tumors in a prospective clinical trial (NCT02276443). A total of 211 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), including 39 with MpBC, received doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-based neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS Although not meeting the threshold for statistical significance, patients with MpBCs were less likely to experience a pCR (23% vs. 40%; P = 0.07), had shorter event-free survival (29.4 vs. 32.2 months, P = 0.15), metastasis-free survival (30.3 vs. 32.4 months, P = 0.22); and overall survival (32.6 vs. 34.3 months, P = 0.21). This heterogeneity is mirrored in the molecular profiling. Mutations in PI3KCA (23% vs. 9%, P = 0.07) and its pathway (41% vs. 18%, P = 0.02) were frequently observed and enriched in MpBCs. The gene expression profiles of each histologically defined subtype were distinguishable and characterized by distinctive gene signatures. Among nonmetaplastic (non-Mp) TNBCs, 10% possessed a metaplastic-like gene expression signature and had pCR rates and survival outcomes similar to MpBC. CONCLUSIONS Further investigations will determine if metaplastic-like tumors should be treated more similarly to MpBC in the clinic. The 23% pCR rate in this study suggests that patients with MpBC should be considered for NAT. To improve this rate, a pathway analysis predicted enrichment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and RTK/MAPK pathways in MpBC, which may serve as new targetable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nour Abuhadra
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz E. Adrada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B. White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyson R. Clayborn
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banu K. Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi K. Murthy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis Baez
- PROncology (Private Practice), University of Puerto Rico. San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute - Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aman U. Buzdar
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N. Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alistair M. Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Section of Breast Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MD, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaiane M. Rauch
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosalind P. Candelaria
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacy L. Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
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Gao R, Luo Q, Li Y, Song L, Cai J(S, Xiong Y, Yan F, Liu J. Biosynthetic Nanobubble-Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing of Cdh2 Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071382. [PMID: 35890278 PMCID: PMC9319454 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process in which epithelial cells undergo a series of biochemical changes to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, has been linked to tumor metastasis. Here, we present a novel strategy for knocking out the EMT-related Cdh2 gene, which encodes N-cadherin through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing by an ultrasound combined with biosynthetic nanobubbles (Gas Vesicles, GVs). Polyethyleneimine were employed as a gene delivery vector to deliver sgRNA into 4T1 cells that stably express the Cas9 protein, resulting in the stable Cdh2 gene- knockout cell lines. The Western blotting assay confirmed the absence of an N-cadherin protein in these Cdh2 gene-knockout 4T1 cell lines. Significantly reduced tumor cell migration was observed in the Cdh2 gene-knockout 4T1 cells in comparison with the wild-type cells. Our study demonstrated that an ultrasound combined with GVs could effectively mediate CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of a Cdh2 gene to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Gao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (R.G.); (Q.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (R.G.); (Q.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, China;
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Liming Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China;
| | | | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (R.G.); (Q.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (R.G.); (Q.L.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (J.L.)
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Elevated Expression of miR-200c/141 in MDA-MB-231 Cells Suppresses MXRA8 Levels and Impairs Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis In Vivo. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040691. [PMID: 35456497 PMCID: PMC9032019 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells with mesenchymal characteristics, particularly the claudin-low subtype, express extremely low levels of miR-200s. Therefore, this study examined the functional impact of restoring miR-200 expression in a human claudin-low breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. MDA-MB-231 cells were stably transfected with a control vector (MDA-231EV) or the miR-200c/141 cluster (MDA-231c141). Injection of MDA-231c141 cells into the 4th mammary gland of NCG mice produced tumors that developed significantly slower than tumors produced by MDA-231EV cells. Spontaneous metastasis to the lungs was also significantly reduced in MDA-231c141 cells compared to MDA-231EV cells. RNA sequencing of MDA-231EV and MDA-231c141 tumors identified genes including MXRA8 as being downregulated in the MDA-231c141 tumors. MXRA8 was further investigated as elevated levels of MXRA8 were associated with reduced distant metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed that MXRA8 expression was significantly higher in mammary tumors induced by MDA-231EV cells compared to those induced by MDA-231c141 cells. In addition, MXRA8 protein was present at high levels in metastatic tumor cells found in the lungs. This is the first study to implicate MXRA8 in human breast cancer, and our data suggests that miR-200s inhibit growth and metastasis of claudin-low mammary tumor cells in vivo through downregulating MXRA8 expression.
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Loss of function of BRCA1 promotes EMT in mammary tumors through activation of TGFβR2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:195. [PMID: 35236825 PMCID: PMC8891277 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 deficient breast cancers are aggressive and chemoresistant due, in part, to their enrichment of cancer stem cells that can be generated from carcinoma cells by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We previously discovered that BRCA1 deficiency activates EMT in mammary tumorigenesis. How BRCA1 controls EMT and how to effectively target BRCA1-deficient cancers remain elusive. We analyzed murine and human tumors and identified a role for Tgfβr2 in governing the molecular aspects of EMT that occur with Brca1 loss. We utilized CRISPR to delete Tgfβr2 and specific inhibitors to block Tgfβr2 activity and followed up with the molecular analysis of assays for tumor growth and metastasis. We discovered that heterozygous germline deletion, or epithelia-specific deletion of Brca1 in mice, activates Tgfβr2 signaling pathways in mammary tumors. BRCA1 depletion promotes TGFβ-mediated EMT activation in cancer cells. BRCA1 binds to the TGFβR2 locus to repress its transcription. Targeted deletion or pharmaceutical inhibition of Tgfβr2 in Brca1-deficient tumor cells reduces EMT and suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis. BRCA1 and TGFβR2 expression levels are inversely related in human breast cancers. This study reveals for the first time that a targetable TGFβR signaling pathway is directly activated by BRCA1-deficiency in the induction of EMT in breast cancer progression.
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