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Stachowicz-Suhs M, Łabędź N, Anisiewicz A, Banach J, Kłopotowska D, Milczarek M, Piotrowska A, Dzięgiel P, Maciejczyk A, Matkowski R, Wietrzyk J. Calcitriol promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer via the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3778. [PMID: 38355711 PMCID: PMC10866890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Our research found that vitamin D3 (VD3) treatment increased lung metastasis in mice with 4T1 murine breast cancer (BC). This study aims to investigate the impact of VD3 on the activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in BC. Mice bearing 4T1, E0771, 67NR BC cells, and healthy mice, were fed diets with varying VD3 contents (100-deficient, 1000-normal, and 5000 IU/kg-elevated). Some mice in the 1000 and 100 IU/kg groups received calcitriol. We studied bone metastasis and characterized TAMs and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). 4T1 cells had higher bone metastasis potential in the 5000 IU/kg and calcitriol groups. In the same mice, an elevated tumor osteopontin level and M2 polarization of TAMs (MHCIIlow CD44high phenotype) were observed. Gene expression analysis confirmed M2 polarization of 4T1 (but not 67NR) TAMs and BMDMs, particularly in the 100 IU + cal group (increased Mrc1, Il23, and Il6). This polarization was likely due to COX-2/PGE2 induction in 4T1 calcitriol-treated cells, leading to increased proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-23. Future studies will explore COX-2/PGE2 as a primary mediator of calcitriol-stimulated inflammation in the BC microenvironment, especially relevant for BC patients with VD3 deficiency and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Stachowicz-Suhs
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Łabędź
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kłopotowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Maciejczyk
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center, Pl. Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Park S, Choi S, Shimpi AA, Estroff LA, Fischbach C, Paszek MJ. COLLAGEN MINERALIZATION DECREASES NK CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY OF BREAST CANCER CELLS VIA INCREASED GLYCOCALYX THICKNESS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576377. [PMID: 38328161 PMCID: PMC10849468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is common in patients with advanced breast cancer, and often caused by immune evasion of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In the skeleton, tumor cells not only disseminate to the bone marrow, but also to osteogenic niches in which they interact with newly mineralizing bone extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remains unclear how mineralization of collagen type I, the primary component of bone ECM, regulates tumor-immune cell interactions. Here, we have utilized a combination of synthetic bone matrix models with controlled mineral content, nanoscale optical imaging, and flow cytometry to evaluate how collagen type I mineralization affects the biochemical and biophysical properties of the tumor cell glycocalyx, a dense layer of glycosylated proteins and lipids decorating their cell surface. Our results suggest that collagen mineralization upregulates mucin-type O-glycosylation and sialylation by tumor cells, which increased their glycocalyx thickness while enhancing resistance to attack by Natural Killer (NK) cells. These changes were functionally linked as treatment with a sialylation inhibitor decreased mineralization-dependent glycocalyx thickness and made tumor cells more susceptible to NK cell attack. Together, our results suggest that interference with glycocalyx sialylation may represent a therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapies targeting bone-metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adrian A. Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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3
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Choi S, Whitman MA, Shimpi AA, Sempertegui ND, Chiou AE, Druso JE, Verma A, Lux SC, Cheng Z, Paszek M, Elemento O, Estroff LA, Fischbach C. Bone-matrix mineralization dampens integrin-mediated mechanosignalling and metastatic progression in breast cancer. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1455-1472. [PMID: 37550422 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In patients with breast cancer, lower bone mineral density increases the risk of bone metastasis. Although the relationship between bone-matrix mineralization and tumour-cell phenotype in breast cancer is not well understood, mineralization-induced rigidity is thought to drive metastatic progression via increased cell-adhesion forces. Here, by using collagen-based matrices with adjustable intrafibrillar mineralization, we show that, unexpectedly, matrix mineralization dampens integrin-mediated mechanosignalling and induces a less proliferative stem-cell-like phenotype in breast cancer cells. In mice with xenografted decellularized physiological bone matrices seeded with human breast tumour cells, the presence of bone mineral reduced tumour growth and upregulated a gene-expression signature that is associated with longer metastasis-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that bone-matrix changes in osteogenic niches regulate metastatic progression in breast cancer and that in vitro models of bone metastasis should integrate organic and inorganic matrix components to mimic physiological and pathologic mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Whitman
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Adrian A Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicole D Sempertegui
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aaron E Chiou
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joseph E Druso
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie C Lux
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhu Cheng
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Li K, Chen Y, Xie J, Cai W, Pang C, Cui C, Huan Y, Deng B. How vitamins act as novel agents for ameliorating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A comprehensive overview. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102064. [PMID: 37689144 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a pervasive and incapacitating sequela of diabetes, affecting a significant proportion of those diagnosed with the disease, yet an effective treatment remains elusive. Vitamins have been extensively studied, emerging as a promising target for diagnosing and treating various systemic diseases, but their role in DPN is not known. This review collates and synthesizes knowledge regarding the interplay between vitamins and DPN, drawing on bibliographies from prior studies and relevant articles, and stratifying the therapeutic strategies from prophylactic to interventional. In addition, the clinical evidence supporting the use of vitamins to ameliorate DPN is also evaluated, underscoring the potential of vitamins as putative therapeutic agents. We anticipate that this review will offer novel insights for developing and applying vitamin-based therapies for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezheng Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yinuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jiali Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunyang Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Binbin Deng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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Horas K, Abraham M, Ebert R, Weissenberger M, Maier GS, Jakob F, Rosenwald A, Rudert M. Vitamin D Receptor Expression Is Significantly Decreased in Bone Metastases Compared to Matched Primary Breast Cancer Tumours. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:133-143. [PMID: 36314889 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2142604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is ample evidence today that vitamin D signalling via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a pivotal role in cancer growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyse VDR expression of primary breast cancer and corresponding bone metastases tissue samples. Collectively, 15 sample pairs and 11 samples of patients that did not develop metastases were analysed histologically for VDR expression (n = 41). Overall, VDR expression was significantly lower in bone metastases compared to primary tumour samples (p < .0001). Downregulation of the VDR in breast cancer cells may define a critical turning point in oncogenesis that accelerates cancer cell dissemination and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Horas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Abraham
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Weissenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit S Maier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Department of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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6
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Bone Metastases of Diverse Primary Origin Frequently Express the VDR (Vitamin D Receptor) and CYP24A1. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216537. [DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) is known to exert direct anti-cancer actions on various malignant tissues through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). These effects have been demonstrated in breast, prostate, renal and thyroid cancers, which all have a high propensity to metastasise to bone. In addition, there is evidence that vitamin D catabolism via 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) is altered in tumour cells, thus, reducing local active vitamin D levels in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to assess VDR and CYP24A1 expression in various types of bone metastases by using immunohistochemistry. Overall, a high total VDR protein expression was detected in 59% of cases (39/66). There was a non-significant trend of high-grade tumours towards the low nuclear VDR expression (p = 0.07). Notably, patients with further distant metastases had a reduced nuclear VDR expression (p = 0.03). Furthermore, a high CYP24A1 expression was detected in 59% (39/66) of bone metastases. There was a significant positive correlation between nuclear VDR and CYP24A1 expression (p = 0.001). Collectively, the VDR and CYP24A1 were widely expressed in a multitude of bone metastases, pointing to a potential role of vitamin D signalling in cancer progression. This is of high clinical relevance, as vitamin D deficiency is frequent in patients with bone metastases.
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Peixoto RD, Oliveira LJDC, Passarini TDM, Andrade AC, Diniz PH, Prolla G, Amorim LC, Gil M, Lino F, Garicochea B, Jácome A, Ng K. Vitamin D and colorectal cancer - A practical review of the literature. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100616. [PMID: 35940119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and the second cause worldwide. Its incidence rates have been decreasing in the overall population in the US in the past few decades, but with increasing rates in the population younger than 50 years old. Environmental factors are supposed to be involved in the development of the disease, with strong evidence favoring an influence of the diet and lifestyle. A diet high in red meat and calories, and low in fiber, fruits and vegetables increases the risk of CRC, as well as physical inactivity. The influence of low calcium intake and low levels of vitamin D on the risk of the disease and on the clinical outcomes of CRC patients has also been investigated. Hypovitaminosis D has been highly prevalent worldwide and associated with several chronic diseases, including malignancies. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with the main function of regulating bone metabolism, but with many other physiological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiangiogenic effects, potentially acting as a carcinogenesis inhibitor. In this review, we aim to describe the relation of vitamin D with malignant diseases, mainly CRC, as well as to highlight the results of the studies which addressed the potential role of vitamin D in the development and progression of the disease. In addition, we will present the results of the pivotal randomized clinical trials that evaluated the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata D'Alpino Peixoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Centro Paulista de Oncologia, Oncoclinicas, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 4300, São Paulo, SP 04538-132, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Jonata de Carvalho Oliveira
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Centro Paulista de Oncologia, Oncoclinicas, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 4300, São Paulo, SP 04538-132, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Chaves Andrade
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclinicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Diniz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclinicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Prolla
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclinicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa Costa Amorim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Centro Paulista de Oncologia, Oncoclinicas, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 4300, São Paulo, SP 04538-132, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gil
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flora Lino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Garicochea
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Centro Paulista de Oncologia, Oncoclinicas, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 4300, São Paulo, SP 04538-132, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Jácome
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclinicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Filip-Psurska B, Zachary H, Strzykalska A, Wietrzyk J. Vitamin D, Th17 Lymphocytes, and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153649. [PMID: 35954312 PMCID: PMC9367508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effect of vitamin D3 on the development of breast cancer (favorable, ineffective, or even unfavorable) depends on many factors, such as age, menopausal status, or obesity. The immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D may be unfavorable in case of breast cancer progression. The effect of vitamin D on Th17 cells may depend on disease type and patients’ age. Our goal was to summarize the data available and to find indications of vitamin D treatment failure or success. Therefore, in this review, we present data describing the effects of vitamin D3 on Th17 cells, mainly in breast cancer. Abstract Vitamin D3, which is well known to maintain calcium homeostasis, plays an important role in various cellular processes. It regulates the proliferation and differentiation of several normal cells, including immune and neoplastic cells, influences the cell cycle, and stimulates cell maturation and apoptosis through a mechanism dependent on the vitamin D receptor. The involvement of vitamin D3 in breast cancer development has been observed in numerous clinical studies. However, not all studies support the protective effect of vitamin D3 against the development of this condition. Furthermore, animal studies have revealed that calcitriol or its analogs may stimulate tumor growth or metastasis in some breast cancer models. It has been postulated that the effect of vitamin D3 on T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes is one of the mechanisms promoting metastasis in these murine models. Herein we present a literature review on the existing data according to the interplay between vitamin D, Th17 cell and breast cancer. We also discuss the effects of this vitamin on Th17 lymphocytes in various disease entities known to date, due to the scarcity of scientific data on Th17 lymphocytes and breast cancer. The presented data indicate that the effect of vitamin D3 on breast cancer development depends on many factors, such as age, menopausal status, or obesity. According to that, more extensive clinical trials and studies are needed to assess the importance of vitamin D in breast cancer, especially when no correlations seem to be obvious.
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Hutchinson PE, Pringle JH. Consideration of possible effects of vitamin D on established cancer, with reference to malignant melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:408-424. [PMID: 35445563 PMCID: PMC9322395 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that Vitamin D has a beneficial, inhibitory effect on cancer development and subsequent progression, including melanoma (MM), and favourable MM outcome has been reported as directly related to vitamin D3 status, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3 ) levels taken at diagnosis. It has been recommended that MM patients with deficient levels of 25(OH)D3 be given vitamin D3 . We examine possible beneficial or detrimental effects of treating established cancer with vitamin D3 . We consider the likely biological determinants of cancer outcome, the reported effects of vitamin D3 on these in both cancerous and non-cancerous settings, and how the effect of vitamin D3 might change depending on the integrity of tumour vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling. We would argue that the effect of defective tumour VDR signalling could result in loss of suppression of growth, reduction of anti-tumour immunity, with potential antagonism of the elimination phase and enhancement of the escape phase of tumour immunoediting, possibly increased angiogenesis but continued suppression of inflammation. In animal models, having defective VDR signalling, vitamin D3 administration decreased survival and increased metastases. Comparable studies in man are lacking but in advanced disease, a likely marker of defective VDR signalling, studies have shown modest or no improvement in outcome with some evidence of worsening. Work is needed in assessing the integrity of tumour VDR signalling and the safety of vitamin D3 supplementation when defective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H. Pringle
- Leicester Cancer Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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10
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Bajbouj K, Al-Ali A, Shafarin J, Sahnoon L, Sawan A, Shehada A, Elkhalifa W, Saber-Ayad M, Muhammad J, Elmoselhi AB, Guraya S, Hamad M. Vitamin D Exerts Significant Antitumor Effects by Suppressing Vasculogenic Mimicry in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:918340. [PMID: 35747793 PMCID: PMC9210804 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.918340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNumerous clinical and experimental observations have alluded to the substantial anti-neoplastic role of vitamin D in breast cancer (BC), primarily by inducing apoptosis and affecting metastasis. Tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy have been linked to vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which represents the endothelial-independent formation of microvascular channels by cancer cells. However, the effect of vitamin D on VM formation in BC has not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the impact of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D, on the expression of major factors involved in BC migration, invasion, and VM formation.Experimental MethodsPublicly available transcriptomic datasets were used to profile the expression status of the key VM markers in vitamin D-treated BC cells. The in silico data were validated by examining the expression and activity of the key factors that are involved in tumor progression and MV formation in hormone-positive MCF-7 and aggressive triple‐negative MDA-MB-231 BC cells after treatment with calcitriol.Results and DiscussionsThe bioinformatics analysis showed that tumor VM formation-enriched pathways were differentially downregulated in vitamin D-treated cells when compared with control counterparts. Treatment of BC cells with calcitriol resulted in increased expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs 1 and 2) and decreased content and gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 2 and 9). Furthermore, calcitriol treatment reduced the expression of several pro-MV formation regulators including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor growth factor (TGF-β1), and amphiregulin. Eventually, this process resulted in a profound reduction in cell migration and invasion following the treatment of BC cells with calcitriol when compared to the controls. Finally, the formation of VM was diminished in the aggressive triple‐negative MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line after calcitriol treatment.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that vitamin D mediates its antitumor effects in BC cells by inhibiting and curtailing their potential for VM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Khuloud Bajbouj,
| | - Abeer Al-Ali
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Sahnoon
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Sawan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Shehada
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adel B. Elmoselhi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Salman Y. Guraya
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Ling Y, Xu F, Xia X, Dai D, Sun R, Xie Z. Vitamin D receptor regulates proliferation and differentiation of thyroid carcinoma via the E-cadherin-β-catenin complex. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 68:137-151. [PMID: 35099410 PMCID: PMC8942331 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has the fastest rising incidence among cancers, especially for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Although the prognosis of DTC is relatively good, if it changes to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), the prognosis will be very poor. The prognosis of DTC is largely depending on the degree of cell differentiation and proliferation. However, whether the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a role in regulating the proliferation and the differentiation of DTC cells is unclear. In the present study, we found that VDR was upregulated in DTC tissues compared to the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Knockdown of VDR increased proliferation and decreased differentiation proliferation in DTC cells in vitro as well as DTC cell-derived xenografts in vivo. In contrast, overexpression of VDR had an opposite effect. Knockdown of E-cadherin abolished VDR-induced suppression of proliferation and enhancement of differentiation of the DTC cells. Knockdown of β-catenin partially reversed the effect of the VDR knockdown. VDR increases the levels of E-cadherin in the plasma membrane and decreases the levels of β-catenin in the nucleus. VDR binds to E-cadherin and β-catenin in the plasma membrane of the DTC cell. Taken together, VDR inhibits DTC cell proliferation and promotes differentiation via regulation of the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex, potentially representing novel clues for a therapeutic strategy to attenuate thyroid cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ling
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuedi Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dexing Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoman Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Xie:
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12
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Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Mediterranean Diet Food Components as Possible Adjuvant Therapies to Counteract Breast and Prostate Cancer Progression to Bone Metastasis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091336. [PMID: 34572548 PMCID: PMC8470063 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a serious and often lethal complication of particularly frequent carcinomas, such as breast and prostate cancers, which not only reduces survival but also worsens the patients’ quality of life. Therefore, it is important to find new and/or additional therapeutic possibilities that can counteract the colonization of bone tissue. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is effective in the prevention of cancer and improves cancer patients’ health, thus, here, we considered its impact on bone metastasis. We highlighted some molecular events relevant for the development of a metastatic phenotype in cancer cells and the alterations of physiological bone remodeling, which occur during skeleton colonization. We then considered those natural compounds present in MD foods with a recognized role to inhibit or reverse the metastatic process both in in vivo and in vitro systems, and we reported the identified mechanisms of action. The knowledge of this bioactivity by the dietary components of the MD, together with its wide access to all people, could help not only to maintain healthy status but also to improve the quality of life of patients with bone metastases.
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14
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Bernhardt SM, Borges VF, Schedin P. Vitamin D as a Potential Preventive Agent For Young Women's Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:825-838. [PMID: 34244152 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies backed by research in animal models suggest that vitamin D may protect against the development of breast cancer, implicating vitamin D as a promising candidate for breast cancer prevention. However, despite clear preclinical evidence showing protective roles for vitamin D, broadly targeted clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation have yielded conflicting findings, highlighting the complexity of translating preclinical data to efficacy in humans. While vitamin D supplementation targeted to high-risk populations is a strategy anticipated to increase prevention efficacy, a complimentary approach is to target transient, developmental windows of elevated breast cancer risk. Postpartum mammary gland involution represents a developmental window of increased breast cancer promotion that may be poised for vitamin D supplementation. Targeting the window of involution with short-term vitamin D intervention may offer a simple, cost-effective approach for the prevention of breast cancers that develop postpartum. In this review, we highlight epidemiologic and preclinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer development. We discuss the underlying mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency contributes to cancer development, with an emphasis on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D. We also discuss current evidence for vitamin D as an immunotherapeutic agent and the potential for vitamin D as a preventative strategy for young woman's breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bernhardt
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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15
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Li J, Luco AL, Camirand A, St-Arnaud R, Kremer R. Vitamin D Regulates CXCL12/CXCR4 and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in a Model of Breast Cancer Metastasis to Lung. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6164379. [PMID: 33693593 PMCID: PMC8183495 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor cancer outcome in humans, and administration of vitamin D or its analogs decreases tumor progression and metastasis in animal models. Using the mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT) model of mammary cancer, we previously demonstrated a significant acceleration of carcinogenesis in animals on a low vitamin D diet and a reduction in spontaneous lung metastases when mice received vitamin D through perfusion. We investigate here the action mechanism for vitamin D in lung metastasis in the same non-immunodeficient model and demonstrate that it involves the control of epithelial to mesenchymal transition as well as interactions between chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). In vitro, 10-9M vitamin D treatment modifies the phenotype of MMTV-PyMT primary mammary tumor cells and significantly decreases their invasiveness and mammosphere formation capacity by 40% and 50%, respectively. Vitamin D treatment also inhibits phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1), and vimentin by 52%, 75%, and 77%, respectively, and increases E-cadherin by 87%. In vivo, dietary vitamin D deficiency maintains high levels of Zeb1 and p-STAT3 in cells from primary mammary tumors and increases CXCL12 expression in lung stroma by 64%. In lung metastases, vitamin D deficiency increases CXCL12/CXCR4 co-localization by a factor of 2.5. These findings indicate an involvement of vitamin D in mammary cancer "seed" (primary tumor cell) and "soil" (metastatic site) and link vitamin D deficiency to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, and accelerated metastasis, suggesting vitamin D repleteness in breast cancer patients could enhance the efficacy of co-administered therapies in preventing spread to distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aimée-Lee Luco
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Camirand
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Shriners Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Kremer
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Correspondence: Richard Kremer, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site E-M1.3221, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1.
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16
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Maier GS, Weissenberger M, Rudert M, Roth KE, Horas K. The role of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency in orthopaedics and traumatology-a narrative overview of the literature. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:942. [PMID: 34350257 PMCID: PMC8263860 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is considered to play an important role in musculoskeletal health. It’s classical function is the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, thus ensuring a balanced bone metabolism that is characterised by an equal amount of bone resorption and bone formation. In the past decades, a plethora of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting on potential health-beneficial properties of vitamin D have emerged. Moreover, there is an abundance of reports highlighting vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in patients with almost innumerable diseases. Further, it is estimated that more than one billion people globally are affected by insufficient vitamin D levels. As such, research on vitamin D has been particularly popular over the past years. In orthopaedics and traumatology, most studies describe favourable effects of vitamin D in general. However, the relative importance of vitamin D is oftentimes debated. In this narrative review of the literature, we consider first, the properties of vitamin D and how vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) impact on musculoskeletal health. Secondly, we provide an overview of studies reporting the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in traumatology and diverse orthopaedic diseases including bone oncology. Lastly, we emphasise recent findings and touch on future perspectives in vitamin D research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit S Maier
- Rehazentrum am Meer, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Weissenberger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus E Roth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Academy, Gelenkzentrum Rhein-Main, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Konstantin Horas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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17
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Anisiewicz A, Kowalski K, Banach J, Łabędź N, Stachowicz-Suhs M, Piotrowska A, Milczarek M, Kłopotowska D, Dzięgiel P, Wietrzyk J. Vitamin D Metabolite Profile in Cholecalciferol- or Calcitriol-Supplemented Healthy and Mammary Gland Tumor-Bearing Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113416. [PMID: 33172201 PMCID: PMC7695033 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze if the prometastatic activity of calcitriol (active vitamin D3 metabolite), which was previously observed in a 4T1 breast cancer model, is also found in other breast cancers, and to assess the impact of various schemes of vitamin D supply, we used 4T1 and E0771 mouse metastatic and 67NR nonmetastatic cells in this study. BALB/c and C57BL/6 healthy and tumor-bearing mice were exposed to a control (1000 IU), low- (100 IU), and high- (5000 IU) vitamin D3 diets. Additionally, from day 7 of tumor transplantation, the 1000 and 100 IU groups were gavaged with calcitriol (+cal). After 8 weeks of feeding, plasma levels of 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were significantly lower in calcitriol-treated and vitamin D-deficient groups than in the control, whereas the levels of all metabolites were increased in the 5000 IU group. The ratio of 25(OH)D3:24,25(OH)2D3 was increased in both calcitriol-treated groups, whereas the ratio of 25(OH)D3:3-epi-25(OH)D3 was increased only in the 100 IU group but decreased in the 5000 IU group. In contrast to E0771, 4T1 lung metastasis was accelerated in all vitamin D-supplemented mice, as well as in the deficient group with an increased inflammatory response. 67NR tumor growth was transiently inhibited in the 1000 IU+cal group, but single metastases were observed in the 5000 and 100 IU groups. Based on the results, we conclude that various schemes of vitamin D supply and vitamin D deficiency led to similar metabolite profiles irrespective of the mice strain and tumor burden. However, depending on the type of breast cancer, different effects on tumor growth and metastasis were noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (J.B.); (N.Ł.); (M.S.-S.); (M.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Research and Development Center Masdiag, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (J.B.); (N.Ł.); (M.S.-S.); (M.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Natalia Łabędź
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (J.B.); (N.Ł.); (M.S.-S.); (M.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Martyna Stachowicz-Suhs
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (J.B.); (N.Ł.); (M.S.-S.); (M.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (J.B.); (N.Ł.); (M.S.-S.); (M.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Dagmara Kłopotowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (J.B.); (N.Ł.); (M.S.-S.); (M.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (J.B.); (N.Ł.); (M.S.-S.); (M.M.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-713-709-985
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18
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Ombrato L, Montagner M. Technical Advancements for Studying Immune Regulation of Disseminated Dormant Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:594514. [PMID: 33251149 PMCID: PMC7672194 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.594514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases are a major cause of cancer-related death and despite the fact that they have been focus of intense research over the last two decades, effective therapies for patients with distant secondary lesions are still very limited. In addition, in some tumor types metastases can grow years after the patients have been declared clinically cured, indicating that disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) persist undetected for years, even decades in a quiescent state. Clinical and experimental data highlight the importance of the immune system in shaping the fitness and behaviour of DCCs. Here, we review mechanisms of survival, quiescence and outgrowth of DCCs with a special focus on immune-regulation and we highlight the latest cutting-edge techniques for modelling the biology of DCCs in vitro and for studying the metastatic niche in vivo. We believe that a wide dissemination of those techniques will boost scientific findings towards new therapies to defeat metastatic relapses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ombrato
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Montagner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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19
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Horas K, van Herck U, Maier GS, Maus U, Harrasser N, Jakob F, Weissenberger M, Arnholdt J, Holzapfel BM, Rudert M. Does vitamin D deficiency predict tumour malignancy in patients with bone tumours? Data from a multi-center cohort analysis. J Bone Oncol 2020; 25:100329. [PMID: 33294316 PMCID: PMC7695905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with bone tumours. Potential association between pre-diagnostic vitamin D status and tumour malignancy in patients with bone tumours. 25(OH)D status should routinely be assessed and monitored in patients with bone tumours.
Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern that is estimated to afflict over one billion people globally. The major role of vitamin D is that of a regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, thus, being essential for proper bone mineralisation. Concomitantly, vitamin D is known to exert numerous extra-skeletal actions. For example, it has become evident that vitamin D has direct anti-proliferative, pro-differentiation and pro-apoptotic actions on cancer cells. Hence, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased cancer risk and worse prognosis in several malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency promotes secondary cancer growth in bone. These findings were partly attributable to an increase in bone remodelling but also through direct effects of vitamin D on cancer cells. To date, very little is known about vitamin D status of patients with bone tumours in general. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess vitamin D status of patients with diverse bone tumours. Moreover, the aim was to elucidate whether or not there is an association between pre-diagnostic vitamin D status and tumour malignancy in patients with bone tumours. In a multi-center analysis, 25(OH)D, PTH and calcium levels of 225 patients that presented with various bone tumours between 2017 and 2018 were assessed. Collectively, 76% of all patients had insufficient vitamin D levels with a total mean 25(OH)D level of 21.43 ng/ml (53.58 nmol/L). In particular, 52% (117/225) of patients were identified as vitamin D deficient and further 24% of patients (55/225) were vitamin D insufficient. Notably, patients diagnosed with malignant bone tumours had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than patients diagnosed with benign bone tumours [19.3 vs. 22.75 ng/ml (48.25 vs. 56.86 nmol/L); p = 0.04). In conclusion, we found a widespread and distressing rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in patients with bone tumours. However, especially for patients with bone tumours sufficient vitamin D levels seem to be of great importance. Thus, we believe that 25(OH)D status should routinely be monitored in these patients. Collectively, there should be an increased awareness for physicians to assess and if necessary correct vitamin D status of patients with bone tumours in general or of those at great risk of developing bone tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Horas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike van Herck
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit S Maier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Maus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Harrasser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU, Munich, Germany.,Excellent Center of Medicine (ECOM), Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Weissenberger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Arnholdt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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20
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Anisiewicz A, Pawlik A, Filip-Psurska B, Wietrzyk J. Differential Impact of Calcitriol and Its Analogs on Tumor Stroma in Young and Aged Ovariectomized Mice Bearing 4T1 Mammary Gland Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6359. [PMID: 32887237 PMCID: PMC7503326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin D compounds (VDC) are extensively studied in the field of anticancer properties, including breast cancer. Previously, we showed that calcitriol and its analogs (PRI-2191 and PRI-2205) stimulate metastasis in 4T1 murine mammary gland cancer models in young mice, whereas the reverse effect was observed in aged ovariectomized (OVX) mice; (2) Methods: We determined the phenotype of monocytes/macrophages using FACS and examined the expression of selected genes and proteins by Real-Time PCR and ELISA; (3) Results: Activities of VDC are accompanied by an increase in the percentage of Ly6Clow anti-inflammatory monocytes in the spleen of young and a decrease in aged OVX mice. Treatment of young mice with VDC resulted in an increase of CCL2 plasma and tumor concentration and Arg1 in tumor. In later stage of tumor progression the expression of genes related to metastasis in lung tissue was decreased or increased, in old OVX or young mice, respectively; (4) Conclusions: Pro- or anti-metastatic effects of calcitriol and its analogs in young or aged OVX mice, respectively, can be attributed to the differences in the effects of VDC on the tumor microenvironment, as a consequence of differences in the immunity status of young and aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (B.F.-P.); (J.W.)
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21
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Mandal CC. Osteolytic metastasis in breast cancer: effective prevention strategies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:797-811. [PMID: 32772585 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1807950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women throughout the world. Patients who are diagnosed early generally have better prognosis and survivability. Indeed, advanced stage breast cancer often develops osteolytic metastases, leading to bone destruction. Although there are select drugs available to treat bone metastatic disease, these drugs have shown limited success. AREA COVERED This paper emphasizes updated mechanisms of bone remodeling and osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer. This article also aims to explore the potential of novel natural and synthetic therapeutics in the effective prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolysis and osteolytic metastases of breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Targeting TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways, along with osteoclast activity, appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy in the prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone destruction and metastatic growth at bone metastatic niches. Pilot studies in animal models suggest various natural and synthetic compounds and monoclonal antibodies as putative therapeutics in the prevention of breast cancer stimulated osteolytic activity. However, comprehensive pre-clinical studies demonstrating the PK/PD and in-depth understanding of molecular mechanism(s) by which these potential molecules exhibit anti-tumor growth and anti-osteolytic activity are still required to develop effective therapies against breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer, India
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22
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Summers MA, McDonald MM, Croucher PI. Cancer Cell Dormancy in Metastasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037556. [PMID: 31548220 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent metastasis following extended periods of disease-free survival remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality for many cancer patients. Recurrence is thought to be mediated by tumor cells that escaped the primary site early in the disease course and colonize distant organs. In these locations, cells adapt to the local environment, entering a state of long-term dormancy in which they can resist therapy. Then, through mechanisms that are poorly understood, a proportion of these cells are reactivated and become proliferative, forming lethal metastases. Here, we discuss disseminated tumor cell dormancy in recurrent metastasis. We discuss mechanisms known to control entrance of cells into dormancy, highlighting the relevant microenvironments or "niches" in which these cells reside and mechanisms known to be involved in dormant cell reactivation. Finally, we consider emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at eradicating residual disease and preventing metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Summers
- Bone Biology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010 NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Bone Biology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010 NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010 NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
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23
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Peng C, Heng YJ, Lu D, DuPre NC, Kensler KH, Glass K, Zeleznik OA, Kraft P, Feldman D, Hankinson SE, Rexrode K, Eliassen AH, Tamimi RM. Prediagnostic 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Relation to Tumor Molecular Alterations and Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1253-1263. [PMID: 32238406 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vitamin D inhibits breast tumor growth in experimental settings, the findings from population-based studies remain inconclusive. Our goals were to investigate the association between prediagnostic plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and breast cancer recurrence in prospective epidemiologic studies and to explore the molecular underpinnings linking 25(OH)D to slower progression of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS, N = 659). METHODS Plasma 25(OH)D was measured with a high-affinity protein-binding assay and a radioimmunoassay. We profiled transcriptome-wide gene expression in breast tumors using microarrays. Hazard ratios (HR) of breast cancer recurrence were estimated from covariate-adjusted Cox regressions. We examined differential gene expression in association with 25(OH)D and employed pathway analysis. We derived a gene expression score for 25(OH)D, and assessed associations between the score and cancer recurrence. RESULTS Although 25(OH)D was not associated with breast cancer recurrence overall [HR = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-1.08], the association varied by estrogen-receptor (ER) status (P interaction = 0.005). Importantly, among ER-positive stage I to III cancers, every 5 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 13% lower risk of recurrence (HR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76-0.99). A null association was observed for ER-negative cancers (HR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.91-1.27). Pathway analysis identified multiple gene sets that were significantly (FDR < 5%) downregulated in ER-positive tumors of women with high 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL), compared with those with low levels (<30 ng/mL). These gene sets are primarily involved in tumor proliferation, migration, and inflammation. 25(OH)D score derived from these gene sets was marginally associated with reduced risk of recurrence in ER-positive diseases (HR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59-1.01) in the NHS studies; however no association was noted in METABRIC, suggesting that further refinement is need to improve the generalizability of the score. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an intriguing line of research for studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying the role of vitamin D in breast tumor progression, particularly for the ER-positive subtype. IMPACT Vitamin D may present a personal-level secondary-prevention strategy for ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donghao Lu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie C DuPre
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Science, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kevin H Kensler
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase ( CYP27B1) Gene: The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030801. [PMID: 32197412 PMCID: PMC7146376 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: Vitamin D is widely known for its roles in the promotion of apoptosis and differentiation, with simultaneous inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Modern literature lacks complete information on polymorphisms in CYP27B1, the only enzyme capable of vitamin D activation. This review presents gathered data that relate to genetic variants in CYP27B1 gene in correlation to multiple diseases, mostly concerning colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as on other pathologies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral lichen planus, or multiple sclerosis.
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25
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Pawlik A, Anisiewicz A, Filip-Psurska B, Klopotowska D, Maciejewska M, Mazur A, Wietrzyk J. Divergent Effect of Tacalcitol (PRI-2191) on Th17 Cells in 4T1 Tumor Bearing Young and Old Ovariectomized Mice. Aging Dis 2020; 11:241-253. [PMID: 32257539 PMCID: PMC7069462 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogs are known for their role in the development of breast cancer and in immunomodulation. Our previous studies have shown the pro-metastatic effect of calcitriol and tacalcitol (PRI-2191) in young mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer and the anti-metastatic effect in aged ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Therefore, the aim of our work was to characterize Th17 cell population in young and aged OVX mice bearing 4T1 tumors treated with calcitriol and PRI-2191. The expression of genes typical for Th17 cells was examined in splenocytes, as well as splenocytes differentiated with IL-6 and TGF-β to Th17 cells (iTh17). Expression of genes encoding vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and osteopontin (Spp1) as well as the secretion of IL-17A were evaluated in iTh17 cells. PRI-2191 treatment increased the expression of Rora and Rorc transcription factors, Il17a, Il17re and Il21 in iTh17 cells from young mice. In aged OVX mice this effect was not observed. Increased expression was observed in the case of Vdr and Spp1 genes in iTh17 cells from young mice treated with PRI-2191. What is more, in young mice treated with PRI-2191 the secretion of IL-17A to the culture media by iTh17 cells was increased, whereas in aged OVX mice a significant decrease was noted. Increased expression of Spp1 in young mice treated with PRI-2191 may enhance the differentiation of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pawlik
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Klopotowska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- 2Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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26
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Flamann C, Peter K, Kreutz M, Bruns H. Regulation of the Immune Balance During Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation by Vitamin D. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2586. [PMID: 31749811 PMCID: PMC6848223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising therapeutic approaches for numerous hematological malignancies represents the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). One major complication is the development of the life-threatening graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) which limits beneficial effects of graft-vs.-leukemia (GvL) responses during allo-HSCT. Strengthening GvL effects without induction of severe GvHD is essential to decrease the relapse rate after allo-HSCT. An interesting player in this context is vitamin D3 since it has modulatory capacity in both preventing GvHD and boosting GvL responses. Current studies claim that vitamin D3 induces an immunosuppressive environment by dendritic cell (DC)-dependent generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Since vitamin D3 is known to support the antimicrobial defense by re-establishing the physical barrier as well as releasing defensins and antimicrobial peptides, it might also improve graft-vs.-infection (GvI) effects in patients. Beyond that, alloreactive T cells might be attenuated by vitamin D3-mediated inhibition of proliferation and activation. Despite the inhibitory effects of vitamin D3 on T cells, anti-tumor responses of GvL might be reinforced by vitamin D3-triggered phagocytic activity and antibody-based immunotherapy. Therefore, vitamin D3 treatment does not only lead to a shift from a pro-inflammatory toward a tolerogenic state but also promotes tumoricidal activity of immune cells. In this review we focus on vitamin D3 and its immunomodulatory effects by enhancing anti-tumor activity while alleviating harmful allogeneic responses in order to restore the immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Flamann
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Hematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Hematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Anisiewicz A, Filip-Psurska B, Pawlik A, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Piasecki T, Kowalski K, Maciejewska M, Jarosz J, Banach J, Papiernik D, Mazur A, Kutner A, Maier JA, Wietrzyk J. Calcitriol Analogues Decrease Lung Metastasis but Impair Bone Metabolism in Aged Ovariectomized Mice Bearing 4T1 Mammary Gland Tumours. Aging Dis 2019; 10:977-991. [PMID: 31595196 PMCID: PMC6764735 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitriol and its analogues are considered drugs supporting the anticancer treatment of breast cancer and preventing the osteoporosis that results from the development of cancer or from chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Following the orthotopic implantation of 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells into aged ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we evaluated the effects of calcitriol and its two analogues, PRI-2191 and PRI-2205, on metastatic spread and bone homeostasis. Calcitriol and its analogues temporarily inhibited the formation of metastases in the lungs. Unexpectedly, only mice treated with calcitriol analogues showed a deterioration of bone-related parameters, such as bone column density, marrow column density and the CaPO4 coefficient. These findings correlated with an increased number of active osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow-derived macrophages in mice treated with the analogues. Interestingly, in the tumours from mice treated with PRI-2191 and PRI-2205, the expression of Tnfsf11 (RANKL) was increased. On the other hand, osteopontin (OPN) levels in plasma and tumour tissue, as well as TRAC5b levels in tumours, were diminished by calcitriol and its analogues. Despite a similar action of both analogues towards bone metabolism, their impact on vitamin D metabolism differed. In particular, PRI-2191 and calcitriol, not PRI-2205 treatment significantly diminished the levels of both 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, though there is evident antimetastatic activity in old OVX mice, signs of increased bone metabolism and deterioration of bone mineralization during therapy with calcitriol analogues were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Anisiewicz
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Pawlik
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piasecki
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diana Papiernik
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- 4Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- 5Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- 6Università di Milano, Dept. Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
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28
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Horas K, Zheng Y, Fong-Yee C, Macfarlane E, Manibo J, Chen Y, Qiao J, Gao M, Haydar N, McDonald MM, Croucher PI, Zhou H, Seibel MJ. Loss of the Vitamin D Receptor in Human Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Epithelial to Mesenchymal Cell Transition and Skeletal Colonization. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1721-1732. [PMID: 30995345 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is thought to be associated with neoplastic progression. However, the role of the VDR in breast cancer metastasis to bone and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are unknown. Employing a rodent model (female Balb/c nu/nu mice) of systemic metastasis, we here demonstrate that knockdown of the VDR strongly increases the metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells to bone, resulting in significantly greater skeletal tumor burden. Ablation of VDR expression promotes cancer cell mobility (migration) and invasiveness, thereby facilitating skeletal colonization. Mechanistically, these changes in tumor cell behavior are attributable to shifts in the expression of proteins involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytoskeletal organization, patterns characteristic for epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT). In keeping with these experimental findings, analyses of human breast cancer specimens corroborated the association between VDR expression, EMT-typical changes in protein expression patterns, and clinical prognosis. Loss of the VDR in human breast cancer cells marks a critical point in oncogenesis by inducing EMT, promoting the dissemination of cancer cells, and facilitating the formation of tumor colonies in bone. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Horas
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yu Zheng
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colette Fong-Yee
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eugenie Macfarlane
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeline Manibo
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeremy Qiao
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mingxuan Gao
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nancy Haydar
- Division of Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Division of Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Division of Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Bouillon R, Marcocci C, Carmeliet G, Bikle D, White JH, Dawson-Hughes B, Lips P, Munns CF, Lazaretti-Castro M, Giustina A, Bilezikian J. Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1109-1151. [PMID: 30321335 PMCID: PMC6626501 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1,25(OH)2D, the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The effects of the vitamin D endocrine system on bone and its growth plate are primarily indirect and mediated by its effect on intestinal calcium transport and serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Rickets and osteomalacia can be prevented by daily supplements of 400 IU of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) accelerates bone turnover, bone loss, and osteoporotic fractures. These risks can be reduced by 800 IU of vitamin D together with an appropriate calcium intake, given to institutionalized or vitamin D-deficient elderly subjects. VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are widely expressed. Numerous genetic, molecular, cellular, and animal studies strongly suggest that vitamin D signaling has many extraskeletal effects. These include regulation of cell proliferation, immune and muscle function, skin differentiation, and reproduction, as well as vascular and metabolic properties. From observational studies in human subjects, poor vitamin D status is associated with nearly all diseases predicted by these extraskeletal actions. Results of randomized controlled trials and Mendelian randomization studies are supportive of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of some diseases, but, globally, conclusions are mixed. These findings point to a need for continued ongoing and future basic and clinical studies to better define whether vitamin D status can be optimized to improve many aspects of human health. Vitamin D deficiency enhances the risk of osteoporotic fractures and is associated with many diseases. We review what is established and what is plausible regarding the health effects of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Craig F Munns
- Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Chair of Endocrinology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - John Bilezikian
- Department of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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30
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McNamara M, Rosenberger KD. The Significance of Vitamin D Status in Breast Cancer: A State of the Science Review. J Midwifery Womens Health 2019; 64:276-288. [DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary McNamara
- Department of Health Systems Science, College of NursingUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Rockford Illinois
- Swedish American Medical Group Rockford Illinois
| | - Kelly D. Rosenberger
- Department of Women, Children, and Family Health Science, College of NursingUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Rockford Illinois
- L.P. Johnson Family Health CenterUniversity of Illinois Health Rockford Illinois
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31
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Ratnadiwakara M, Rooke M, Ohms SJ, French HJ, Williams RBH, Li RW, Zhang D, Lucas RM, Blackburn AC. The SuprMam1 breast cancer susceptibility locus disrupts the vitamin D/ calcium/ parathyroid hormone pathway and alters bone structure in congenic mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:48-58. [PMID: 30529760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease, and approximately 30% of cases are considered to be hereditary or familial, with a large fraction of this being polygenic. However, it is difficult to demonstrate the functional importance of genes of small effect in population studies, and these genes are not always easily targeted for prevention. The SuprMam (suppressor of mammary tumour) breast cancer susceptibility alleles were previously identified as contributors to spontaneous mammary tumour development in Trp53+/- mice. In this study, we have generated and characterised congenic mice that contain the BALB/c SuprMam1 (susceptibility) locus on a C57BL/6 (resistant) background and discovered a subtle impairment in the vitamin D/ calcium/ parathyroid hormone (PTH) pathway. This was evident as altered gene expression in the mammary glands of key players in this pathway. Further functional analysis of the mice revealed elevated PTH levels, reduced Cyp27b1 expression in kidneys, and reduced trabecular bone volume/ tissue volume percentage. Plasma 25(OH)D and serum calcium were unchanged. This impairment was a result of genetic differences and occurred only in females, but the elevated PTH levels could be overcome with either calcium or vitamin D dietary supplementation. Either low levels of active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) or chronically elevated PTH levels may contribute to increased breast cancer susceptibility. These indicators are not easily measured in human population studies, but either mechanism may be preventable with dietary calcium or vitamin D supplements. Therefore, SuprMam congenic mice could serve as a valuable model for studying the role of gene-hormone-environment interactions of the vitamin D/ calcium/ PTH pathway in cancer and other diseases and for testing preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madara Ratnadiwakara
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen J Ohms
- ACRF Biomolecular Resource Facility, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hugh J French
- Molecular Systems Biology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Molecular Systems Biology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rachel W Li
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Donghai Zhang
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Anneke C Blackburn
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Pawlik A, Anisiewicz A, Filip-Psurska B, Nowak M, Turlej E, Trynda J, Banach J, Gretkierewicz P, Wietrzyk J. Calcitriol and Its Analogs Establish the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment That Drives Metastasis in 4T1 Mouse Mammary Gland Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072116. [PMID: 30037009 PMCID: PMC6073894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, calcitriol and its analogs PRI-2191 and PRI-2205 stimulated 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer metastasis. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the inflammatory response in 4T1-bearing mice treated with these compounds. Gene expression analysis of the splenocytes and regional lymph nodes demonstrated prevalence of the T helper lymphocytes (Th2) response with an increased activity of regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in mice treated with these compounds. We also observed an increased number of mature granulocytes and B lymphocytes and a decreased number of TCD4+, TCD4+CD25+, and TCD8+, as well as natural killer (NK) CD335+, cells in the blood of mice treated with calcitriol and its analogs. Among the splenocytes, we observed a significant decrease in NK CD335+ cells and an increase in TCD8+ cells. Calcitriol and its analogs decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 and increased the level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the plasma. In the tumor tissue, they caused an increase in the level of IL-10. Gene expression analysis of lung tissue demonstrated an increased level of osteopontin (Spp1) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) mRNA. The expression of Spp1 was also elevated in lymph nodes. Calcitriol and its analogs caused prevalence of tumor-conducive changes in the immune system of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, despite the induction of some tumor-disadvantageous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pawlik
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-3754 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Trynda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Gretkierewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Robbins HL, Symington M, Mosterman B, Goodby J, Davies L, Dimitriadis GK, Kaltsas G, Randeva HS, Weickert MO. Supplementation of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors Using Over-the-Counter Vitamin D3 Preparations. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:748-754. [PMID: 29781720 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1470650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (vit-D) deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) and has been linked to reduced overall survival. We here assessed the vit-D status in 183 patients with GEP-NET at the time of their first presentation in the ARDEN NET Centre. We further examined the effect of simple advice to increase vit-D intake using over-the-counter vit-D preparations [colecalciferol (Vit-D3), 1,000-2,000 units/day], over a prospective observation period of 24 mo. At baseline, only 33.3% of patients showed vit-D sufficiency (25-OH-vit-D; >50 nmol/L), the remainder was insufficient (31.3%; 25-OH-vit-D; 25-50 nmol/L) or deficient (35.5%; 25-OH-vit-D; <25 nmol/L). Repeated advice to increase vit-D intake at routine 6-monthly follow-up appointments was associated with increased 25-OH-vit-D from 37.8 ± 3.5 nmol/L at baseline to 60.4 ± 5.6 nmol/L (P < 0.0001) and 56.8 ± 7.0 nmol/L (P = 0.039) after 12 and 24 mo. Percentage of vit-D insufficiency decreased from 66.6% at baseline to 44.9% and 46.2% after 12 and 24 months, respectively. Previous abdominal surgery, but not treatment with somatostatin analogues predicted 25-OH-vit-D levels in bootstrapped linear regression analyses (P = 0.037). In summary, simple advice to increase vit-D intake using over-the-counter preparations was associated with significant improvement of vit-D deficiency/insufficiency, although, 15% of GEP-NET patients remained deficient and may benefit from additional measures of vit-D replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Robbins
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | - Megan Symington
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | - Barbara Mosterman
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | - Josie Goodby
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | - Louise Davies
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- b Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry , UK
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK.,b Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry , UK.,c Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University , Coventry , UK
| | - Martin O Weickert
- a The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence (CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK.,b Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry , UK.,c Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University , Coventry , UK
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34
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Physalin B induces cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis in breast cancer cells through modulating p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:334-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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35
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Vitamin D: And its role in breast cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:423-427. [PMID: 30041759 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that plays a role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Recently, extensive research on its extraskeletal actions has linked vitamin D deficiency to an increased risk of infection, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, cardiovascular disease, obesity, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, colon, breast, prostate and ovarian cancer and some neurological diseases. There are various mechanisms by which vitamin D influences the natural history of cancer. These include the role of vitamin D in the induction of apoptosis, stimulation of cell differentiation, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects and inhibition of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The aim of this review is to clarify the true role of vitamin D in the onset of breast cancer and evolution of the disease after treatment. A further aim is to suggest new research directions to identify indications and requirements for vitamin D supplementation in patients with breast cancer.
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Trivedi T, Zheng Y, Fournier PGJ, Murthy S, John S, Schillo S, Dunstan CR, Mohammad KS, Zhou H, Seibel MJ, Guise TA. The vitamin D receptor is involved in the regulation of human breast cancer cell growth via a ligand-independent function in cytoplasm. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26687-26701. [PMID: 28460457 PMCID: PMC5432290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has pleiotropic effects on multiple tissues, including malignant tumors. Vitamin D inhibits breast cancer growth through activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and via classical nuclear signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the VDR can also function in the absence of its ligand to control behaviour of human breast cancer cells both outside and within the bone microenvironment. Stable shRNA expression was used to knock down VDR expression in MCF-7 cells, generating two VDR knockdown clonal lines. In ligand-free culture, knockdown of VDR in MCF-7 cells significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, suggesting that the VDR plays a ligand-independent role in cancer cell growth. Implantation of these VDR knockdown cells into the mammary fat pad of nude mice resulted in reduced tumor growth in vivo compared with controls. In the intra-tibial xenograft model, VDR knockdown greatly reduced the ability of the cells to form tumors in the bone microenvironment. The in vitro growth of VDR knockdown cells was rescued by the expression of a mutant form of VDR which is unable to translocate to the nucleus and hence accumulates in the cytoplasm. Thus, our data indicate that in the absence of ligand, the VDR promotes breast cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo and that cytoplasmic accumulation of VDR is sufficient to produce this effect in vitro. This new mechanism of VDR action in breast cancer cells contrasts the known anti-proliferative nuclear actions of the VDR-vitamin D ligand complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Trivedi
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pierrick G J Fournier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Biomedical Innovation Department, Scientific Research and High Education Center from Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Sreemala Murthy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sutha John
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suzanne Schillo
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin R Dunstan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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37
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Welsh J. Vitamin D and breast cancer: Past and present. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:15-20. [PMID: 28746837 PMCID: PMC5780261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the vitamin D receptor in mammary gland and breast cancer has been recognized since the early 1980s, and multiple pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that its ligand 1,25D modulates normal mammary gland development and sensitivity to carcinogenesis. Although studies have characterized many 1,25D responsive targets in normal mammary cells and in breast cancers, validation of relevant targets that regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy and differentiation, particularly in vivo, has been challenging. Vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and some evidence suggests that low vitamin D status enhances the risk for disease development or progression. Model systems of carcinogenesis have provided evidence that both VDR expression and 1,25D actions change with transformation but clinical data regarding vitamin D responsiveness of established tumors is limited and inconclusive. Because breast cancer is heterogeneous, analysis of VDR actions in specific molecular subtypes of the disease is necessary to clarify the conflicting data. Genomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses of in vitro and in vivo model systems is also warranted to comprehensively understand the network of vitamin D regulated pathways in the context of breast cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoEllen Welsh
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12061, United States.
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38
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Riggi N, Aguet M, Stamenkovic I. Cancer Metastasis: A Reappraisal of Its Underlying Mechanisms and Their Relevance to Treatment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 13:117-140. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-044127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Aguet
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Kim RH, Ryu BJ, Lee KM, Han JW, Lee SK. Vitamin D facilitates trophoblast invasion through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryang Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Myunggok Medical Research Center; College of Medicine; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Byung Jun Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Myunggok Medical Research Center; College of Medicine; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Ki Mo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Myunggok Medical Research Center; College of Medicine; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Jae Won Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Myunggok Medical Research Center; College of Medicine; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Myunggok Medical Research Center; College of Medicine; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
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41
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Anisiewicz A, Pawlik A, Filip-Psurska B, Turlej E, Dzimira S, Milczarek M, Gdesz K, Papiernik D, Jarosz J, Kłopotowska D, Kutner A, Mazur A, Wietrzyk J. Unfavorable effect of calcitriol and its low-calcemic analogs on metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:103-126. [PMID: 29115583 PMCID: PMC5743363 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D status is considered as a risk factor for breast cancer and has prognostic significance. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency increases after adjuvant cancer therapy, which alters bone metabolism increasing the risk of osteoporosis. It is now postulated that vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer treatment delays the recurrence of cancer thereby extending survival. We evaluated the impact of calcitriol and its low-calcemic analogs, PRI-2191 and PRI-2205, on the tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer. Gene expression analysis related to cancer invasion/metastasis, real-time PCR, ELISA, western blotting, and histochemical studies were performed. In vitro studies were conducted to compare the effects of calcitriol and its analogs on 4T1 and 67NR cell proliferation and expression of selected proteins. Calcitriol and its analogs increased lung metastasis without influencing the growth of primary tumor. The levels of plasma 17β-estradiol and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) were found to be elevated after treatment. Moreover, the results showed that tumor blood perfusion improved and osteopontin (OPN) levels increased, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and TGFβ levels decreased in tumors from treated mice. All the studied treatments resulted in increased collagen content in the tumor tissue in the early step of tumor progression, and calcitriol caused an increase in collagen content in lung tissue. In addition, in vitro proliferation of 4T1 tumor cells was not found to be affected by calcitriol or its analogs in contrast to non-metastatic 67NR cells. Calcitriol and its analogs enhanced the metastatic potential of 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer by inducing the secretion of OPN probably via host cells. In addition, OPN tumor overexpression prevailed over the decreasing tumor TGFβ level and blood vessel normalization via tumor VEGF deprivation induced by calcitriol and its analogs. Moreover, the increased plasma TGFβ and 17β-estradiol levels contributed to the facilitation of metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Pawlik
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gdesz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diana Papiernik
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kłopotowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53‑114 Wroclaw, Poland
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1,25(OH) 2D 3 deficiency increases TM40D tumor growth in bone and accelerates tumor-induced bone destruction in a breast cancer bone metastasis model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1033-1039. [PMID: 28922720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and bone is the commonest site of distant metastases. Evidences indicate that adequate supply of vitamin D will decrease the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. However, the main role of vitamin D deficiency in breast cancer bone metastases remains unclear. In this study, the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer bone metastases were evaluated. Results showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 can not only inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cell TM40D in vitro, but also attenuate the breast cancer cell TM40D-induced bone destruction in vivo, whose underlying mechanism was at least partially through decreasing the number of the osteoclasts. To our knowledge, this is the first to use 1-alpha-hydroxylase [1α(OH)ase] knockout mice which characterized vitamin D deficiency to establish the breast cancer bone metastases model. Based on this model, we also found that vitamin D deficiency will accelerate the osteolytic lesions, and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplement will restrain osteolytic lesions. Therefore, these findings suggest that vitamin D has the potential capacity to be a therapeutic agent for the breast cancer bone metastases.
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43
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Loss of the vitamin D receptor in human breast and prostate cancers strongly induces cell apoptosis through downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Bone Res 2017; 5:17023. [PMID: 28944088 PMCID: PMC5605769 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D co-regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in numerous tissues, including cancers. The known anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic actions of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] are mediated through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Here, we report on the unexpected finding that stable knockdown of VDR expression in the human breast and prostate cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and PC3, strongly induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in vitro. Implantation of these VDR knockdown cells into the mammary fat pad (MDA-MB-231), subcutaneously (PC3) or intra-tibially (both cell lines) in immune-incompetent nude mice resulted in reduced tumor growth associated with increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation compared with controls. These growth-retarding effects of VDR knockdown occur in the presence and absence of vitamin D and are independent of whether cells were grown in bone or soft tissues. Transcriptome analysis of VDR knockdown and non-target control cell lines demonstrated that loss of the VDR was associated with significant attenuation in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In particular, cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin protein levels were reduced with a corresponding downregulation of downstream genes such as Axin2, Cyclin D1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8. Stabilization of β-catenin using the GSK-3β inhibitor BIO partly reversed the growth-retarding effects of VDR knockdown. Our results indicate that the unliganded VDR possesses hitherto unknown functions to promote breast and prostate cancer growth, which appear to be operational not only within but also outside the bone environment. These novel functions contrast with the known anti-proliferative nuclear actions of the liganded VDR and may represent targets for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in breast and prostate cancer.
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44
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Horas K, Maier G, Jakob F, Maus U, Kurth A, Jakuscheit A, Rudert M, Holzapfel BM. High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Bone Tumors. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:562-568. [PMID: 28799812 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1351985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with different types of bone tumors and to elucidate whether or not there are differences in prediagnostic vitamin D levels in patients with malignant compared to benign bone tumors. Prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D levels of 105 consecutive patients that presented with bone tumors and tumor-like lesions to two Orthopedic Level I University Centers in Germany between 2011 and 2016 were measured on admission. We found an alarming and widespread rate of vitamin D deficiency in patients with bone tumors. Specifically, 83% of all patients had low vitamin D levels with a mean 25(OH)D level of 19.82 ng/ml. Notably, patients diagnosed with malignant bone tumors had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to patients with benign bone lesions (p = 0.0008). In conclusion, it is essential to assess vitamin D levels in patients with tumors involving bone. In addition, there might be an association between vitamin D deficiency and the onset or course of primary malignant bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Horas
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany.,c Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Gerrit Maier
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital , Carl-von-Ossietzky-University , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- c Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Uwe Maus
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital , Carl-von-Ossietzky-University , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Kurth
- d Bone Health Center Berlin-Brandenburg , Hospital Birkenwerder , Birkenwerder Germany
| | - Axel Jakuscheit
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- a Department of Orthopedics , Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany.,e Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
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Bikle DD. Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1376:29-52. [PMID: 27649525 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in nearly all, if not all, cells in the body. The enzyme that produces the active metabolite of vitamin D and ligand for VDR, namely CYP27B1, likewise is widely expressed in many cells of the body. These observations indicate that the role of vitamin D is not limited to regulation of bone and mineral homeostasis, as important as that is. Rather, the study of its extraskeletal actions has become the major driving force behind the significant increase in research articles on vitamin D published over the past several decades. A great deal of information has accumulated from cell culture studies, in vivo animal studies, and clinical association studies that confirms that extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are truly widespread and substantial. However, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, when done, have by and large not produced the benefits anticipated by the in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies. In this review, I will examine the role of vitamin D signaling in a number of extraskeletal tissues and assess the success of translating these findings into treatments of human diseases affecting those extracellular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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46
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Ma Y, Luo W, Bunch BL, Pratt RN, Trump DL, Johnson CS. 1,25D 3 differentially suppresses bladder cancer cell migration and invasion through the induction of miR-101-3p. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60080-60093. [PMID: 28947955 PMCID: PMC5601123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of bladder cancer death. 1,25D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D, has shown anti-metastasis activity in several cancer model systems. However, the role of 1,25D3 in migration and invasion in bladder cancer is unknown. To investigate whether 1,25D3 affects migration and invasion, four human bladder cell lines with different reported invasiveness were selected: low-invasive T24 and 253J cells and highly invasive 253J-BV and TCCSUP cells. All of the four bladder cancer cells express endogenous and inducible vitamin D receptor (VDR) as examined by immunoblot analysis. 1,25D3 had no effect on the proliferation of bladder cancer cells as assessed by MTT assay. In contrast, 1,25D3 suppressed migration and invasion in the more invasive 253J-BV and TCCSUP cells, but not in the low-invasive 253J and T24 cells using “wound” healing, chemotactic migration and Matrigel-based invasion assays. 1,25D3 promoted the expression of miR-101-3p and miR-126-3p in 253J-BV cells as examined by qRT-PCR. miR-101-3p inhibitor partially abrogated and pre-miR-101-3p further suppressed the inhibition of 1,25D3 on migration and invasion in 253J-BV cells. Further, 1,25D3 enhanced VDR recruitment to the promoter region of miR-101-3p using ChIP-qPCR assay. 1,25D3 enhanced the promoter activity of miR-101-3p as evaluated by luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, 1,25D3 suppresses bladder cancer cell migration and invasion in two invasive/migration competent lines but not in two less invasive/motile lines, which is partially through the induction of miR-101-3p expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany L Bunch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rachel N Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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47
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Shaker OG, Helmy HS. Circulating Bone-related Markers and YKL-40 Versus HER2 and TOPO2a in Bone Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer: Diagnostic Implications. Clin Breast Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28645722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone represents one of the most common sites of metastases in breast cancer. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of several circulating markers to detect metastasis to bones in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Receptor activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa β (NF-Kβ) ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegrin (OPG), vitamin D (VIT D), Chitinase-3-like protein 1; also known as YKL-40, topoisomerase IIα (TOPO2a), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were measured in blood samples obtained from 122 patients with breast cancer and 25 healthy controls. RESULTS All biomarkers were significantly elevated in patients with breast cancer with bone metastasis compared with nonmetastatic patients except YKL-40. RANKL had the highest diagnostic performance for bone metastasis detection with an area under the curve of 97.3, a sensitivity of 85%, and a specificity of 98.6%. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis resulted in a model of RANKL combined with HER2 that had even higher discriminatory power of metastasis to bones than that of RANKL alone. Overall correct classification of the model was 98.9%. CONCLUSION We recommend that measuring RANKL together with HER2 can be routinely applied to allow early detection of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zou M, Baitei EY, BinEssa HA, Al-Mohanna FA, Parhar RS, St-Arnaud R, Kimura S, Pritchard C, Alzahrani AS, Assiri AM, Meyer BF, Shi Y. Cyp24a1 Attenuation Limits Progression of BrafV600E -Induced Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells and Sensitizes Them to BRAF V600E Inhibitor PLX4720. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2161-2172. [PMID: 28242615 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CYP24A1, the primary inactivating enzyme for vitamin D, is often overexpressed in human cancers, potentially neutralizing the antitumor effects of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. However, it is unclear whether CYP24A1 expression serves as a functional contributor versus only a biomarker for tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the role of CYP24A1 on malignant progression of a murine model of BrafV600E -induced papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Mice harboring wild-type Cyp24a1 (BVECyp24a1-wt) developed PTC at 5 weeks of age. Mice harboring a homozygous deletion of Cyp24a1 (BVECyp24a1-null) exhibited a 4-fold reduction in tumor growth. Notably, we found the tumorigenic potential of BVECyp24a1-null-derived tumor cells to be nearly abolished in immunocompromised nude mice. This phenotype was associated with downregulation of the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and TGFβ signaling pathways and a loss of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BVECyp24a1-null cells, associated with downregulation of genes involved in EMT, tumor invasion, and metastasis. While calcitriol treatment did not decrease cell proliferation in BVECyp24a1-null cells, it strengthened antitumor responses to the BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4720 in both BVECyp24a1-null and BVECyp24a1-wt cells. Our findings offer direct evidence that Cyp24a1 functions as an oncogene in PTC, where its overexpression activates multiple signaling cascades to promote malignant progression and resistance to PLX4720 treatment. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2161-72. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Zou
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Y Baitei
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A BinEssa
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan A Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit S Parhar
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Department of Surgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Research Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Ali S Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Assiri
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Mallya SM, Corrado KR, Saria EA, Yuan FNF, Tran HQ, Saucier K, Atti E, Tetradis S, Arnold A. Modeling vitamin D insufficiency and moderate deficiency in adult mice via dietary cholecalciferol restriction. Endocr Res 2016; 41:290-299. [PMID: 26906176 PMCID: PMC4995161 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2016.1141937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to develop and characterize a model of human vitamin D nutritional insufficiency/deficiency in the adult mouse, which could have broad utility in examining health consequences of this common condition. METHODS Adult mice were fed diets containing cholecalciferol contents of 0.05 IU/g, 0.25 IU/g, 0.5 IU/g or 1.5 IU/g for four months. We studied induction of steady-state vitamin D insufficiency, and its consequences on primary cholecalciferol metabolite levels, calcium homeostasis, parathyroid physiology, and bone morphology. RESULTS All diets were well tolerated, without adverse effects on body weight. Diets containing 0.05 IU/g and 0.25 IU/g cholecalciferol significantly lowered serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (median 25OHD, 10.5 ng/ml, and 21.6 ng/ml, respectively), starting as early as one month following initiation of the diets, maintained through the four-month experimental period. The 0.05 IU/g diet significantly decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25OH2D) levels (median, 78 pg/ml). Despite these decreased 25OHD and 1,25OH2D levels, the diets did not alter parathyroid gland morphology or parathyroid cell proliferation. There were no statistical differences in the serum total calcium and serum PTH levels among the various dietary groups. Furthermore, the 0.05 IU/g diet did not cause any alterations in the cortical and trabecular bone morphology, as determined by microCT. CONCLUSIONS The dietary manipulations yielded states of vitamin D insufficiency or modest deficiency in adult mice, with no overtly detectable impact on parathyroid and bone physiology, and calcium homeostasis. This model system may be of value to study health effects of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency especially on extraskeletal phenotypes such as cancer susceptibility or immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay M. Mallya
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
- Co-corresponding authors: Sanjay M. Mallya, BDS, MDS, PhD, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, Tel: 310 825 1689 Fax: 310 825 7232, , Andrew Arnold, MD, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, Tel: 860 679 7640 Fax: 860 679 7640,
| | - Kristin R. Corrado
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Elizabeth A. Saria
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Feng-ning Frank Yuan
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Huy Q. Tran
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kirsten Saucier
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Elisa Atti
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
- Co-corresponding authors: Sanjay M. Mallya, BDS, MDS, PhD, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, Tel: 310 825 1689 Fax: 310 825 7232, , Andrew Arnold, MD, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, Tel: 860 679 7640 Fax: 860 679 7640,
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