1
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Epp S, Chuah SM, Halasz M. Epigenetic Dysregulation in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17085. [PMID: 38069407 PMCID: PMC10707345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer arising from the neural crest, poses significant clinical challenges, particularly in cases featuring amplification of the MYCN oncogene. Epigenetic factors play a pivotal role in normal neural crest and NB development, influencing gene expression patterns critical for tumorigenesis. This review delves into the multifaceted interplay between MYCN and known epigenetic modifications during NB genesis, shedding light on the intricate regulatory networks underlying the disease. We provide an extensive survey of known epigenetic mechanisms, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, super-enhancers (SEs), bromodomains (BET), and chromatin modifiers in MYCN-amplified (MNA) NB. These epigenetic changes collectively contribute to the dysregulated gene expression landscape observed in MNA NB. Furthermore, we review emerging therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic regulators, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi), and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). We also discuss and summarize current drugs in preclinical and clinical trials, offering insights into their potential for improving outcomes for MNA NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Epp
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
| | - Shin Mei Chuah
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Anoushirvani AA, Jafarian Yazdi A, Amirabadi S, Asouri SA, Shafabakhsh R, Sheida A, Hosseini Khabr MS, Jafari A, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Hamblin MR, Kalantari L, Talaei Zavareh SA, Mirzaei H. Role of non-coding RNAs in neuroblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1190-1208. [PMID: 37217790 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is known as the most prevalent extracranial malignancy in childhood with a neural crest origin. It has been widely accepted that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in many types of cancer, including glioma and gastrointestinal cancers. They may regulate the cancer gene network. According to recent sequencing and profiling studies, ncRNAs genes are deregulated in human cancers via deletion, amplification, abnormal epigenetic, or transcriptional regulation. Disturbances in the expression of ncRNAs may act either as oncogenes or as anti-tumor suppressor genes, and can lead to the induction of cancer hallmarks. ncRNAs can be secreted from tumor cells inside exosomes, where they can be transferred to other cells to affect their function. However, these topics still need more study to clarify their exact roles, so the present review addresses different roles and functions of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amirabadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Hosseini Khabr
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran.
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3
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Pathania AS. Crosstalk between Noncoding RNAs and the Epigenetics Machinery in Pediatric Tumors and Their Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2833. [PMID: 37345170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, every year, an estimated 400,000+ new cancer cases affect children under the age of 20 worldwide. Unlike adult cancers, pediatric cancers develop very early in life due to alterations in signaling pathways that regulate embryonic development, and environmental factors do not contribute much to cancer development. The highly organized complex microenvironment controlled by synchronized gene expression patterns plays an essential role in the embryonic stages of development. Dysregulated development can lead to tumor initiation and growth. The low mutational burden in pediatric tumors suggests the predominant role of epigenetic changes in driving the cancer phenotype. However, one more upstream layer of regulation driven by ncRNAs regulates gene expression and signaling pathways involved in the development. Deregulation of ncRNAs can alter the epigenetic machinery of a cell, affecting the transcription and translation profiles of gene regulatory networks required for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development. Therefore, it is essential to understand the role of ncRNAs in pediatric tumor development to accelerate translational research to discover new treatments for childhood cancers. This review focuses on the role of ncRNA in regulating the epigenetics of pediatric tumors and their tumor microenvironment, the impact of their deregulation on driving pediatric tumor progress, and their potential as effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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4
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Saviana M, Le P, Micalo L, Del Valle-Morales D, Romano G, Acunzo M, Li H, Nana-Sinkam P. Crosstalk between miRNAs and DNA Methylation in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051075. [PMID: 37239435 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are some of the most well-characterized regulators of gene expression. Integral to several physiological processes, their aberrant expression often drives the pathogenesis of both benign and malignant diseases. Similarly, DNA methylation represents an epigenetic modification influencing transcription and playing a critical role in silencing numerous genes. The silencing of tumor suppressor genes through DNA methylation has been reported in many types of cancer and is associated with tumor development and progression. A growing body of literature has described the crosstalk between DNA methylation and miRNAs as an additional layer in the regulation of gene expression. Methylation in miRNA promoter regions inhibits its transcription, while miRNAs can target transcripts and subsequently regulate the proteins responsible for DNA methylation. Such relationships between miRNA and DNA methylation serve an important regulatory role in several tumor types and highlight a novel avenue for potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between DNA methylation and miRNA expression in the pathogenesis of cancer and describe how miRNAs influence DNA methylation and, conversely, how methylation impacts the expression of miRNAs. Finally, we address how these epigenetic modifications may be leveraged as biomarkers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Saviana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Patricia Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Lavender Micalo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Daniel Del Valle-Morales
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Giulia Romano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mario Acunzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Howard Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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5
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Papadimitriou MA, Panoutsopoulou K, Pilala KM, Scorilas A, Avgeris M. Epi-miRNAs: Modern mediators of methylation status in human cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1735. [PMID: 35580998 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of the fundamental macromolecules, DNA/RNA, and proteins, is remarkably abundant, evolutionarily conserved, and functionally significant in cellular homeostasis and normal tissue/organism development. Disrupted methylation imprinting is strongly linked to loss of the physiological equilibrium and numerous human pathologies, and most importantly to carcinogenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer progression. Mounting recent evidence has documented the active implication of miRNAs in the orchestration of the multicomponent cellular methylation machineries and the deregulation of methylation profile in the epigenetic, epitranscriptomic, and epiproteomic levels during cancer onset and progression. The elucidation of such regulatory networks between the miRNome and the cellular methylation machineries has led to the emergence of a novel subclass of miRNAs, namely "epi-miRNAs" or "epi-miRs." Herein, we have summarized the existing knowledge on the functional role of epi-miRs in the methylation dynamic landscape of human cancers and their clinical utility in modern cancer diagnostics and tailored therapeutics. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina-Marina Pilala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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6
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MicroRNAs as prospective biomarkers, therapeutic targets and pharmaceuticals in neuroblastoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1895-1912. [PMID: 36520359 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas, the most prevalent malignant solid neoplasms of childhood, originate from progenitor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Their genetic causation is diverse and involves multiple molecular mechanisms. This review highlights multiple roles of microRNA in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and discusses the prospects of harnessing these important natural regulator molecules as biomarkers, therapeutic targets and pharmaceuticals in neuroblastoma.
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7
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Stančin P, Song MS, Alajbeg I, Mitrečić D. Human Oral Mucosa Stem Cells Increase Survival of Neurons Affected by In Vitro Anoxia and Improve Recovery of Mice Affected by Stroke Through Time-limited Secretion of miR-514A-3p. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01276-7. [PMID: 36083390 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The success rate of regenerative medicine largely depends on the type of stem cells applied in such procedures. Consequently, to achieve the needed level for clinical standardization, we need to investigate the viability of accessible sources with sufficient quantity of cells. Since the oral region partly originates from the neural crest, which naturally develops in niche with decreased levels of oxygen, the main goal of this work was to test if human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC) might be used to treat neurons damaged by anoxia. Here we show that hOMSC are more resistant to anoxia than human induced pluripotent stem cells and that they secrete BDNF, GDNF, VEGF and NGF. When hOMSC were added to human neurons damaged by anoxia, they significantly improved their survival. This regenerative capability was at least partly achieved through miR-514A-3p and SHP-2 and it decreased in hOMSC exposed to neural cells for 14 or 28 days. In addition, the beneficial effect of hOMSC were also confirmed in mice affected by stroke. Hence, in this work we have confirmed that hOMSC, in a time-limited manner, improve the survival of anoxia-damaged neurons and significantly contribute to the recovery of experimental animals following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stančin
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Alajbeg
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine and University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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8
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Meier R, Greve G, Zimmer D, Bresser H, Berberich B, Langova R, Stomper J, Rubarth A, Feuerbach L, Lipka DB, Hey J, Grüning B, Brors B, Duyster J, Plass C, Becker H, Lübbert M. The antileukemic activity of decitabine upon PML/RARA-negative AML blasts is supported by all-trans retinoic acid: in vitro and in vivo evidence for cooperation. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:122. [PMID: 35995769 PMCID: PMC9395383 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of AML patients with adverse genetics, such as a complex, monosomal karyotype and TP53 lesions, is still dismal even with standard chemotherapy. DNA-hypomethylating agent monotherapy induces an encouraging response rate in these patients. When combined with decitabine (DAC), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resulted in an improved response rate and longer overall survival in a randomized phase II trial (DECIDER; NCT00867672). The molecular mechanisms governing this in vivo synergism are unclear. We now demonstrate cooperative antileukemic effects of DAC and ATRA on AML cell lines U937 and MOLM-13. By RNA-sequencing, derepression of >1200 commonly regulated transcripts following the dual treatment was observed. Overall chromatin accessibility (interrogated by ATAC-seq) and, in particular, at motifs of retinoic acid response elements were affected by both single-agent DAC and ATRA, and enhanced by the dual treatment. Cooperativity regarding transcriptional induction and chromatin remodeling was demonstrated by interrogating the HIC1, CYP26A1, GBP4, and LYZ genes, in vivo gene derepression by expression studies on peripheral blood blasts from AML patients receiving DAC + ATRA. The two drugs also cooperated in derepression of transposable elements, more effectively in U937 (mutated TP53) than MOLM-13 (intact TP53), resulting in a “viral mimicry” response. In conclusion, we demonstrate that in vitro and in vivo, the antileukemic and gene-derepressive epigenetic activity of DAC is enhanced by ATRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Meier
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Greve
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Zimmer
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helena Bresser
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Berberich
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralitsa Langova
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Stomper
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rubarth
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Feuerbach
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joschka Hey
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Grüning
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becker
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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9
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4'-Iodo-α-Pyrrolidinononanophenone Provokes Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cell Apoptosis Through Downregulating Nitric Oxide Production and Bcl-2 Expression. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1322-1336. [PMID: 35834058 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of pyrrolidinophenone derivatives (PPs) is known to cause severe damage to the central nervous system due to their high lipophilicity. In this study, we compared sensitivity to toxicity elicited by 4'-iodo-α-pyrrolidinononanophenone (I-α-PNP), one of the most potent cytotoxic derivatives among PPs synthesized previously, between SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and the undifferentiated cells, and found that the differentiated cells are more sensitive to I-α-PNP toxicity than the undifferentiated cells. Treatment with I-α-PNP elicited some apoptotic alterations (Bax expression, loss of mitrochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspases) in the differentiated cells, whose patterns were similar to those in the undifferentiated cells. I-α-PNP treatment resulted in no significant alteration in Bcl-2 expression in the undifferentiated cells, whereas it considerably downregulated the protein expression in the differentiated cells, suggesting that the high I-α-PNP sensitivity of the differentiated cells is mainly due to downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. I-α-PNP treatment decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in the differentiated cells, and the patterns of I-α-PNP-evoked alterations in phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression were almost the same as that in nNOS expression. Additionally, the addition of an NO donor restored the I-α-PNP-evoked alterations in expressions of Bcl-2, BDNF, and nNOS in the differentiated cells. These findings suggest that the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression by I-α-PNP in differentiated cells is attributed to the acceleration of two negative feedback loops (nNOS/NO/CREB loop and CREB/BDNF loop) triggered by decreased NO production.
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10
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Huang S, Gong N, Li J, Hong M, Li L, Zhang L, Zhang H. The role of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma: mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Biomark Res 2022; 10:18. [PMID: 35392988 PMCID: PMC8991791 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant tumor in young children that originates from the neural crest of the sympathetic nervous system. Generally, NB occurs in the adrenal glands, but it can also affect the nerve tissues of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Understanding the pathophysiology of NB and developing novel therapeutic approaches are critical. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are associated with crucial aspects of pathology, metastasis and drug resistance in NB. Here, we summarized the pretranscriptional, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in NB, especially focusing on regulatory pathways. Furthermore, ncRNAs with the potential to serve as biomarkers for risk stratification, drug resistance and therapeutic targets are also discussed, highlighting the clinical application of ncRNAs in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Naying Gong
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiangbin Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Mingye Hong
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, 77030, USA.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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11
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Large-scale DNA demethylation occurs in proliferating ovarian granulosa cells during mouse follicular development. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1334. [PMID: 34824385 PMCID: PMC8617273 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During ovarian follicular development, granulosa cells proliferate and progressively differentiate to support oocyte maturation and ovulation. To determine the underlying links between proliferation and differentiation in granulosa cells, we determined changes in 1) the expression of genes regulating DNA methylation and 2) DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation levels and genomic DNA structure. In response to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), granulosa cell proliferation increased, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) significantly decreased and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) significantly increased in S-phase granulosa cells. Comprehensive MeDIP-seq analyses documented that eCG treatment decreased methylation of promoter regions in approximately 40% of the genes in granulosa cells. The expression of specific demethylated genes was significantly increased in association with specific histone modifications and changes in DNA structure. These epigenetic processes were suppressed by a cell cycle inhibitor. Based on these results, we propose that the timing of sequential epigenetic events is essential for progressive, stepwise changes in granulosa cell differentiation.
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12
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Xu H, Zhong Y, Yuan S, Wu Y, Ma Z, Hao Z, Ding H, Wu H, Liu G, Pang M, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Nitric Oxide Synthase Type 1 Methylation Is Associated With White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Greater Panic Disorder Severity Among Panic Disorder Patients. Front Neurol 2021; 12:755270. [PMID: 34733233 PMCID: PMC8559336 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.755270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Methylation of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1/nNOS) gene has recently been identified as a promising biomarker of psychiatric disorders. NOS1 plays an essential role in neurite outgrowth and may thus affect the microstructure development of white matter (WM) in the corpus callosum (CC), which is known to be altered in panic disorder (PD). We examined the relationship between NOS1 methylation, WM tracts in the CC, and symptoms based on this finding. Methods: Thirty-two patients with PD and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited after age, gender, and the education level were matched. The cell type used was whole-blood DNA, and DNA methylation of NOS1 was measured at 20 CpG sites in the promoter region. Although 25 patients with PD were assessed with the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were only collected from 16 participants with PD. Results: We observed that the PD group showed lower methylation than did the HCs group and positive correlations between the symptom severity of PD and methylation at CpG4 and CpG9. In addition, CpG9 methylation was significantly correlated with the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of the CC and its major components (the genu and the splenium) in the PD group. Furthermore, path analyses showed that CpG9 methylation offers a mediating effect for the association between the MD values of the genu of the CC and PD symptom severity (95% CI = −1.731 to −0.034). Conclusions: The results suggest that CpG9 methylation leads to atypical development of the genu of the CC, resulting in higher PD symptom severity, adding support for the methylation of NOS1 as a future prognostic indicator of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiting Yuan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Hao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manlong Pang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Cocci P, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Effects of tributyltin on retinoid X receptor gene expression and global DNA methylation during intracapsular development of the gastropod Tritia mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103753. [PMID: 34628031 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tributyltin (TBT)-mediated induction of imposex in marine snails is considered a common mechanism of endocrine disruption through the retinoid X receptor (RXR)-dependent pathway. However, there is evidence that regulation of RXR also relates to metabolic processes, differentiation, apoptosis, and embryonic development, playing a key role in molluscan neuronal differentiation and organogenesis. In this regard, very little is known about the gastropod Tritia mutabilis especially in relation to the effects of TBT exposure during intracapsular embryonic development. In this study, we have investigated the RXR expression fold changes of T. mutabilis encapsulated embryos exposed to different concentrations (10-10 to 10-12 M) of TBT up to 10 days of treatment. We demonstrate that RXR is sequentially expressed during development and that exposure to the lowest and highest TBT doses induces time-dependent changes in RXR gene transcription. We also show that TBT treatment is associated with global DNA demethylation and reduced DNA-methyltransferase I (DNMT1) expression and activity levels. Overall, our data indicate that RXR has important functions during the early stages of T. mutabilis embryo development and is involved in mediating the potential epigenetic alterations induced by TBT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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14
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Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Lahiri D, Roy P. Nutraceutical regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07262. [PMID: 34195404 PMCID: PMC8225984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a well-connected, intricate network of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurodegenerative diseases arise as a consequence of extensive loss of neuronal cells leading to disruption of their natural structure and function. On the contrary, rapid proliferation and growth of glial as well as neuronal cells account for the occurrence of malignancy in brain. In both cases, the molecular microenvironment holds pivotal importance in the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one of the major components of the molecular microenvironment. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. As compared to other tissues, the brain expresses a substantially high number of miRNAs. In the early stage of neurodegeneration, miRNA expression upregulates, while in oncogenesis, miRNA expression is gradually lost. Neurodegeneration and brain cancer is presumed to be under the influence of identical pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death which are tightly regulated by miRNAs. It has been confirmed experimentally that miRNA expression can be regulated by nutraceuticals - macronutrients, micronutrients or natural products derived from food; thereby making dietary supplements immensely significant for targeting miRNAs having altered expression patterns during neurodegeneration or oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail, about the common miRNAs involved in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases along with the comprehensive list of miRNAs involved separately in both pathological conditions. We will also discuss the role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of those miRNAs which are involved in both of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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15
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García-Padilla C, Lozano-Velasco E, López-Sánchez C, Garcia-Martínez V, Aranega A, Franco D. Non-Coding RNAs in Retinoic Acid as Differentiation and Disease Drivers. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7010013. [PMID: 33671241 PMCID: PMC8005990 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. Since RA signalling is highly dose-dependent, a fine-tuning regulatory mechanism is required. Thus, RA signalling deregulation has a major impact, both in development and disease, related in many cases to oncogenic processes. In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (A.A.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (A.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Virginio Garcia-Martínez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (A.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (A.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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MicroRNAs: Diverse Mechanisms of Action and Their Potential Applications as Cancer Epi-Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091285. [PMID: 32906681 PMCID: PMC7565521 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Usually, miRNAs function post-transcriptionally, by base-pairing with the 3′UTR of target mRNAs, repressing protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, other regions including gene promoters, as well as coding and 5′UTR regions of mRNAs are able to interact with miRNAs. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as important regulators of both translational and transcriptional programs. The expression of miRNA genes, similar to protein-coding genes, can be epigenetically regulated, in turn miRNA molecules (named epi-miRs) are able to regulate epigenetic enzymatic machinery. The most recent line of evidence indicates that miRNAs can influence physiological processes, such as embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis as well as pathological processes (e.g., tumorigenesis) through epigenetic mechanisms. Some tumor types show repression of tumor-suppressor epi-miRs resulting in cancer progression and metastasis, hence these molecules have become novel therapeutic targets in the last few years. This review provides information about miRNAs involvement in the various levels of transcription and translation regulation, as well as discusses therapeutic potential of tumor-suppressor epi-miRs used in in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer therapy.
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Bae HJ, Kim J, Jeon SJ, Kim J, Goo N, Jeong Y, Cho K, Cai M, Jung SY, Kwon KJ, Ryu JH. Green tea extract containing enhanced levels of epimerized catechins attenuates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112923. [PMID: 32360798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Green tea has been used as a traditional medicine to control brain function and digestion. Recent works suggest that drinking green tea could prevent cognitive function impairment. During tea manufacturing processes, such as brewing and sterilization, green tea catechins are epimerized. However, the effects of heat-epimerized catechins on cognitive function are still unknown. To take this advantage, we developed a new green tea extract, high temperature processed-green tea extract (HTP-GTE), which has a similar catechin composition to green tea beverages. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of HTP-GTE on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuronal differentiation, and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuronal differentiation promoting effects of HTP-GTE in SH-SY5Y cells was assessed by evaluating neurite length and the expression level of synaptophysin. The DNA methylation status at the synaptophysin promoter was determined in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and in the hippocampi of mice. HTP-GTE was administered for 10 days at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg (p.o.) to mice, and its effects on cognitive functions were measured by Y-maze and passive avoidance tests under scopolamine-induced cholinergic blockade state. RESULTS HTP-GTE induced neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth via the upregulation of synaptophysin gene expression. These beneficial effects of HTP-GTE resulted from reducing DNA methylation levels at the synaptophysin promoter via the suppression of DNMT1 activity. The administration of HTP-GTE ameliorated cognitive impairments in a scopolamine-treated mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HTP-GTE could alleviate cognitive impairment by regulating synaptophysin expression and DNA methylation levels. Taken together, HTP-GTE would be a promising treatment for the cognitive impairment observed in dysfunction of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Goo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Cho
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, regulates a vast spectrum of biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and morphogenesis. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) which leads to mRNA degradation and/or translational repression. Like RA, miRNAs regulate multiple biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunity. In fact, RA regulates the expression of many miRNAs to exert its biological functions. miRNA and RA regulatory networks have been studied in recent years. In this manuscript, we summarize literature that highlights the impact of miRNAs in RA-regulated molecular networks included in the PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Atharva Piyush Rohatgi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States.
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Abstract
Abdominal tumors (AT) in children account for approximately 17% of all pediatric solid tumor cases, and frequently exhibit embryonal histological features that differentiate them from adult cancers. Current molecular approaches have greatly improved the understanding of the distinctive pathology of each tumor type and enabled the characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. As seen in abdominal adult tumors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly implicated in either the initiation or progression of childhood cancer. Moreover, besides predicting patient prognosis, they represent valuable diagnostic tools that may also assist the surveillance of tumor behavior and treatment response, as well as the identification of the primary metastatic sites. Thus, the present study was undertaken to compile up-to-date information regarding the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the most common histological variants of AT, including neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocarcinoma, and adrenal tumors. Additionally, the clinical implications of dysregulated miRNAs as potential diagnostic tools or indicators of prognosis were evaluated.
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20
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Fenretinide reduces angiogenesis by downregulating CDH5, FOXM1 and eNOS genes and suppressing microRNA-10b. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1649-1658. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Beetch M, Harandi-Zadeh S, Shen K, Lubecka K, Kitts DD, O'Hagan HM, Stefanska B. Dietary antioxidants remodel DNA methylation patterns in chronic disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:1382-1408. [PMID: 31626338 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases account for over 60% of all deaths worldwide according to the World Health Organization reports. Majority of cases are triggered by environmental exposures that lead to aberrant changes in the epigenome, specifically, the DNA methylation patterns. These changes result in altered expression of gene networks and activity of signalling pathways. Dietary antioxidants, including catechins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, stilbenes and carotenoids, demonstrate benefits in the prevention and/or support of therapy in chronic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of potential epigenetic mechanisms of antioxidant compounds in reversing altered patterns of DNA methylation in chronic disease. Antioxidants remodel the DNA methylation patterns through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of epigenetic enzymes and chromatin remodelling complexes. These effects can further contribute to antioxidant properties of the compounds. On the other hand, decrease in oxidative stress itself can impact DNA methylation delivering additional link between antioxidant mechanisms and epigenetic effects of the compounds. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Beetch
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sadaf Harandi-Zadeh
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Shen
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Lubecka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - David D Kitts
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Barbara Stefanska
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Gholikhani-Darbroud R. MicroRNA and retinoic acid. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:15-24. [PMID: 31812758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that is necessary to maintain health in human and most of the other vertebrates. MicroRNAs (miR or miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA particles that diminish mRNA translation of various genes and so can regulate critical cell processes including cell death, proliferation, development, etc. The aim of this review is to study interrelations between retinoic acid with miRNAs. METHODS We reviewed and summarized all published articles in PubMed, Europe PMC, and Embase databases with any relationship between retinoic acid and miRNAs from Jun 2003 to Dec 2018 that includes 126 articles. RESULTS Results showed direct and indirect relationships between retinoic acid and miRNAs in various levels including effects of retinoic acid on expression of various miRNAs and miRNA-biogenesis enzymes, and effect of miRNAs on metabolism of retinoic acid. DISCUTION AND CONCLUSION This review indicates that retinoic acid has inter-correlations with various miRNA members and their metabolism in health and disease may require implications of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Gholikhani-Darbroud
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran.
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23
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Mosquera N, Rodriguez-Trillo A, Blanco FJ, Mera-Varela A, Gonzalez A, Conde C. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Inhibits Migration and Invasiveness of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:185-192. [PMID: 31801802 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are pivotal in inflammation and joint damage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They acquire an active and aggressive phenotype, displaying increased migration and invasiveness and contributing to perpetuate synovial inflammation and destruction of cartilage and bone. The main current therapies of RA are focused against inflammatory factors and immune cells; however, a significant percentage of patients do not successfully respond. Combined treatments with drugs that control inflammation and that reverse the pathogenic phenotype of FLS could improve the prognosis of these patients. An unexplored area includes the retinoic acid, the main biologic retinoid, which is a candidate drug for many diseases but has reached clinical use only for a few. Here, we explored the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the aggressive phenotype of FLS from patients with RA. RA FLSs were treated with ATRA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or TNF+ATRA, and cell migration and invasion were analyzed. In addition, a microarray analysis of expression, followed by gene-set analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation, was performed. We showed that ATRA induced a notable decrease in FLS migration and invasion that was accompanied by complex changes in gene expression. At supraphysiological doses, many of these effects were overridden or reverted by the concomitant presence of TNF. In conclusion, these results have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of retinoic acid on RA FLS provided TNF could be counterbalanced, either with high ATRA doses or with TNF inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduced the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocyte migration and invasiveness and down-regulated gene expression of cell motility and migration genes. At supraphysiological doses, some of these effects were reverted by tumor necrosis factor. Therefore, ATRA could be an RA drug candidate that would require high doses or combined treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mosquera
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Angela Rodriguez-Trillo
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Antonio Mera-Varela
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
| | - Carmen Conde
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, y Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (N.M., A.R.-T., A.G., C.C.); Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Xubias 84, A Coruña, Spain (F.J.B.); and Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.-V.)
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Lima L, de Melo TCT, Marques D, de Araújo JNG, Leite ISF, Alves CX, Genre J, Silbiger VN. Modulation of all-trans retinoic acid-induced MiRNA expression in neoplastic cell lines: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:866. [PMID: 31470825 PMCID: PMC6717326 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a genetic and epigenetic disease that involves inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of proto-oncogenes. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an isomer of retinoic acid involved in the onset of differentiation and apoptosis of a number of normal and cancer cells, functioning as an anti-cancer agent in several neoplasms. Ectopic changes in the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) occur in response to ATRA, leading to phenotypic alterations in neoplastic cell lines. Moreover, the modulation of miRNA patterns upon ATRA-treatment may represent an effective chemopreventive and anti-cancer therapy strategy. The present systematic review was performed to provide an overview of the modulation of ATRA-induced miRNA expression in different types of neoplastic cells and identify the efficacy of intervention factors (i.e., concentration and duration of treatment) and how they influence expression profiles of oncogenesis-targeting miRNAs. Methods A systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA statement via the US National Library of Medicine MEDLINE/PubMed bibliographic search engine. Results The search identified 31 experimental studies involving human cell lines from nine different cancer types (neuroblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, glioblastoma, embryonal carcinoma, and colorectal cancer) treated with ATRA at concentrations ranging from 10− 3 μmol/L to 102 μmol mol/L for 24 h to 21 days. Conclusion The concentrations used and the duration of treatment of cancer cells with ATRA varied widely. The presence of ATRA in the culture medium of cancer cells was able to modulate the expression of more than 300 miRNAs, and inhibit invasive behavior and deregulated growth of cancer cells, resulting in total tumor remission in some cases. ATRA may thus be broadly effective for neoplasm treatment and prevention, although these studies may not accurately represent in vivo conditions. Additional studies are required to elucidate ATRA-induced miRNA modulation during neoplasm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Marques
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nayara Góes de Araújo
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Xavier Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Julieta Genre
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria S/N, Petrópolis, Natal - RN, 59012-570, Brazil.
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Expression dynamics of Mage family genes during self-renewal and differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem and teratocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3248-3266. [PMID: 31143371 PMCID: PMC6524934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological roles of cancer-testis antigens of the Melanoma antigen (Mage) family in mammalian development, stem cell differentiation and carcinogenesis are largely unknown. In order to understand the involvement of the Mage family genes in maintenance of normal and cancer stem cells, the expression patterns of Mage-a, Mage-b, Mage-d, Mage-e, Mage-h and Mage-l gene subfamilies were analyzed during the self-renewal and differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem and teratocarcinoma cells. Clustering analysis based on the gene expression profiles of undifferentiated and differentiating cell populations revealed strong correlations between Mage expression patterns and differentiation and malignant states. Gene co-expression analysis disclosed the potential contributions of Mage family members in self-renewal and differentiation of pluripotent stem and teratocarcinoma cells. Two gene clusters including Mage-a4 and Mage-a8, Mageb1, Mage-d1, Mage-d2, Mage-e1, Mage-l2 were identified as functional antagonists with opposing roles in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem and teratocarcinoma cells. The identified aberrant expression patterns of Mage-a2, Mage-a6, Mage-b4, Mageb-16 and Mage-h1 in teratocarcinoma cells can be considered as specific teratocarcinoma biomarkers promoted the malignant phenotype. Our study first provides a model for the involvement of Mage family members in regulatory networks during the self-renewal and early differentiation of normal and cancerous stem cells for further research of the predicted functional modules and the development of new cancer treatment strategies.
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DNA Methyltransferases in Malar Melasma and Their Modification by Sunscreen in Combination with 4% Niacinamide, 0.05% Retinoic Acid, or Placebo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9068314. [PMID: 31143777 PMCID: PMC6501269 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9068314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Malar melasma has a chronic and recurrent character that may be related to epigenetic changes. Objective To recognize the expression and DNA methylation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in malar melasma and perilesional skin, as well as the changes in DNMTs after their treatment with sunscreen in combination with 4% niacinamide, 0.05% retinoic acid, or placebo. Methods Thirty female patients were clinically evaluated for the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. These initial results were compared to results after eight weeks of treatment with sunscreen in combination with niacinamide, retinoic acid, or placebo. Results The relative expression of DNMT1 was significantly elevated in melasma compared with unaffected skin in all subjects, indicating DNA hypermethylation. After treatment, it was decreased in all groups: niacinamide (7 versus 1; p<0.01), retinoic acid (7 versus 2; p<0.05), and placebo (7 versus 3; p<0.05), which correlates with clinical improvement. DNMT3b was not overexpressed in lesional skin but reduced in all groups. Conclusions We found DNA hypermethylation in melasma lesions. Environmental factors such as solar radiation may induce cellular changes that trigger hyperpigmentation through the activation of pathways regulated by epigenetic modifications. However, limiting or decreasing DNA methylation through sunscreen, niacinamide, and retinoic acid treatments that provide photoprotection and genetic transcription can counteract this.
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Demethylation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 151 Promoter Facilitates the Binding of Krüppel-Like Factor 5 and Enhances Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10535-10551. [PMID: 30373770 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0702-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors are considered to be cell-surface sensors of extracellular signals, thereby having a crucial role in signal transduction and being the most fruitful targets for drug discovery. G-protein-coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) was reported to be expressed specifically in the habenular area. Here we report the expression and the epigenetic regulation of GRP151 in the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and the contribution of GPR151 to neuropathic pain in male mice. SNL dramatically increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons. GPR151 mutation or spinal inhibition by shRNA alleviated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Interestingly, the CpG island in the GPR151 gene promoter region was demethylated, the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was decreased, and the binding of DNMT3b with GPR151 promoter was reduced after SNL. Overexpression of DNMT3b in the spinal cord decreased GPR151 expression and attenuated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcriptional factor of the KLF family, was upregulated in spinal neurons, and the binding affinity of KLF5 with GPR151 promoter was increased after SNL. Inhibition of KLF5 reduced GPR151 expression and attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Further mRNA microarray analysis revealed that mutation of GPR151 reduced the expression of a variety of pain-related genes in response to SNL, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated genes. This study reveals that GPR151, increased by DNA demethylation and the enhanced interaction with KLF5, contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain via increasing MAPK pathway-related gene expression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of various clinically approved drugs. Here we report that SNL increased GPR151 expression in the spinal cord, and mutation or inhibition of GPR151 alleviated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, SNL downregulated the expression of DNMT3b, which caused demethylation of GPR151 gene promoter, facilitated the binding of transcriptional factor KLF5 with the GPR151 promoter, and further increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons. The increased GPR151 may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain via activating MAPK signaling and increasing pain-related gene expression. Our study reveals an epigenetic mechanism underlying GPR151 expression and suggests that targeting GPR151 may offer a new strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Piao S, Ojha R, Rebecca VW, Samanta A, Ma XH, Mcafee Q, Nicastri MC, Buckley M, Brown E, Winkler JD, Gimotty PA, Amaravadi RK. ALDH1A1 and HLTF modulate the activity of lysosomal autophagy inhibitors in cancer cells. Autophagy 2017; 13:2056-2071. [PMID: 28981387 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1377377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal autophagy inhibitors (LAI) such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have significant activity in a subset of cancer cell lines. LAIs are being evaluated in cancer clinical trials, but genetic determinants of sensitivity to LAIs are unknown, making it difficult to predict which tumors would be most susceptible. Here we characterize differentially expressed genes in HCQ-sensitive (-S) and -resistant (-R) cancer cells. Notably, expression of canonical macroautophagy/autophagy genes was not associated with sensitivity to HCQ. Expression patterns of ALDH1A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1) and HLTF (helicase like transcription factor) identified HCQ-S (ALDH1A1high HLTFlow; ALDH1A1low HLTFlow) and HCQ-R (ALDH1A1low HLTFhigh) cells. ALDH1A1 overexpression was found to enhance LAI cell entry and cytotoxicity without directly affecting lysosome function or autophagic flux. Expression of HLTF allows repair of DNA damage caused by LAI-induced reactive oxygen species, leading to HCQ resistance. Sensitivity to HCQ is increased in cells where HLTF is silenced by promoter methylation. HLTF overexpression blunted the antitumor efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of tumor RNA sequencing data from >700 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas identified cancers including colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and gastric cancers, that were enriched for the HCQ-S or HCQ-R signature. These results provide mechanistic insights into LAI efficacy, and guidance for LAI clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfu Piao
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Rani Ojha
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Vito W Rebecca
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Arabinda Samanta
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Quentin Mcafee
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Michael C Nicastri
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Meghan Buckley
- c Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Eric Brown
- d Department of Cancer Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,e Abramson Cancer Center , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jeffrey D Winkler
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,e Abramson Cancer Center , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- c Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,e Abramson Cancer Center , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , PA , USA.,e Abramson Cancer Center , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Yang XH, Tang F, Shin J, Cunningham JM. Incorporating genomic, transcriptomic and clinical data: a prognostic and stem cell-like MYC and PRC imbalance in high-risk neuroblastoma. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:92. [PMID: 28984200 PMCID: PMC5629556 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that cancer cells possess traits reminiscent of the biological mechanisms ascribed to normal embryonic stem cells (ESCs) regulated by MYC and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Several poorly differentiated adult tumors showed preferentially high expression levels in targets of MYC, coincident with low expression levels in targets of PRC2. This paper will reveal this ESC-like cancer signature in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. METHODS We systematically assembled genomic variants, gene expression changes, priori knowledge of gene functions, and clinical outcomes to identify prognostic multigene signatures. First, we assigned a new, individualized prognostic index using the relative expressions between the poor- and good-outcome signature genes. We then characterized HR-NB aggressiveness beyond these prognostic multigene signatures through the imbalanced effects of MYC and PRC2 signaling. We further analyzed Retinoic acid (RA)-induced HR-NB cells to model tumor cell differentiation. Finally, we performed in vitro validation on ZFHX3, a cell differentiation marker silenced by PRC2, and compared cell morphology changes before and after blocking PRC2 in HR-NB cells. RESULTS A significant concurrence existed between exons with verified variants and genes showing MYCN-dependent expression in HR-NB. From these biomarker candidates, we identified two novel prognostic gene-set pairs with multi-scale oncogenic defects. Intriguingly, MYC targets over-represented an unfavorable component of the identified prognostic signatures while PRC2 targets over-represented a favorable component. The cell cycle arrest and neuronal differentiation marker ZFHX3 was identified as one of PRC2-silenced tumor suppressor candidates. Blocking PRC2 reduced tumor cell growth and increased the mRNA expression levels of ZFHX3 in an early treatment stage. This hypothesis-driven systems bioinformatics work offered novel insights into the PRC2-mediated tumor cell growth and differentiation in neuroblastoma, which may exert oncogenic effects together with MYC regulation. CONCLUSION Our results propose a prognostic effect of imbalanced MYC and PRC2 moderations in pediatric HR-NB for the first time. This study demonstrates an incorporation of genomic landscapes and transcriptomic profiles into the hypothesis-driven precision prognosis and biomarker discovery. The application of this approach to neuroblastoma, as well as other cancer more broadly, could contribute to reduced relapse and mortality rates in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Holly Yang
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Fangming Tang
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jisu Shin
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - John M Cunningham
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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30
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Baranek M, Belter A, Naskręt-Barciszewska MZ, Stobiecki M, Markiewicz WT, Barciszewski J. Effect of small molecules on cell reprogramming. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:277-313. [PMID: 27918060 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The essential idea of regenerative medicine is to fix or replace tissues or organs with alive and patient-specific implants. Pluripotent stem cells are able to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of the body which makes them a potent substantial player in regenerative medicine. The easily accessible source of induced pluripotent stem cells may allow obtaining and cultivating tissues in vitro. Reprogramming refers to regression of mature cells to its initial pluripotent state. One of the approaches affecting pluripotency is the usage of low molecular mass compounds that can modulate enzymes and receptors leading to the formation of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It would be great to assess the general character of such compounds and reveal their new derivatives or modifications to increase the cell reprogramming efficiency. Many improvements in the methods of pluripotency induction have been made by various groups in order to limit the immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, increase the efficiency and accelerate the kinetics. Understanding the epigenetic changes during the cellular reprogramming process will extend the comprehension of stem cell biology and lead to potential therapeutic approaches. There are compounds which have been already proven to be or for now only putative inducers of the pluripotent state that may substitute for the classic reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) in order to improve the time and efficiency of pluripotency induction. The effect of small molecules on gene expression is dosage-dependent and their application concentration needs to be strictly determined. In this review we analysed the role of small molecules in modulations leading to pluripotency induction, thereby contributing to our understanding of stem cell biology and uncovering the major mechanisms involved in that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baranek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Belter
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Z Naskręt-Barciszewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - W T Markiewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - J Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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Xie VK, Li Z, Yan Y, Jia Z, Zuo X, Ju Z, Wang J, Du J, Xie D, Xie K, Wei D. DNA-Methyltransferase 1 Induces Dedifferentiation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Silencing of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5585-5597. [PMID: 28659310 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The dismal prognosis of pancreatic cancer has been linked to poor tumor differentiation. However, molecular basis of pancreatic cancer differentiation and potential therapeutic value of the underlying molecules remain unknown. We investigated the mechanistic underexpression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in pancreatic cancer and defined a novel epigenetic pathway of its activation for pancreatic cancer differentiation and treatment.Experimental Design: Expressions of KLF4 and DNMT1 in pancreatic cancer tissues were determined by IHC and the genetic and epigenetic alterations of KLF4 in and KLF4's impact on differentiation of pancreatic cancer were examined using molecular biology techniques. The function of dietary 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on miR-152/DNMT1/KLF4 signaling in pancreatic cancer was evaluated using both cell culture and animal models.Results: Overexpression of DNMT1 and promoter hypermethylation contributed to decreased KLF4 expression in and associated with poor differentiation of pancreatic cancer. Manipulation of KLF4 expression significantly affected differentiation marker expressions in pancreatic cancer cells. DIM treatment significantly induced miR-152 expression, which blocked DNMT1 protein expression and its binding to KLF4 promoter region, and consequently reduced promoter DNA methylation and activated KLF4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, DIM treatment caused significant inhibition of cell growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in animal models of pancreatic cancer.Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that dysregulated KLF4 expression associates with poor differentiation of pancreatic cancer. Epigenetic activation of miR-152/DNMT1/KLF4 signaling pathway by dietary DIM causes differentiation and significant growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells, highlighting its translational implications for pancreatic and other cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5585-97. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiawei Du
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University East Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University East Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Keping Xie
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Ratovitski EA. Anticancer Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Modulators of Gene Expression. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:175-205. [PMID: 28367075 PMCID: PMC5345332 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that hallmarks of cancer include: "genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to inactivation of cancer suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, deregulation of intracellular signaling cascades, alterations of cancer cell metabolism, failure to undergo cancer cell death, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, metastasis, deregulation of immune response and changes in cancer microenvironment, which underpin cancer development". Natural compounds as bioactive ingredients isolated from natural sources (plants, fungi, marine life forms) have revolutionized the field of anticancer therapeutics and rapid developments in preclinical studies are encouraging. Natural compounds could affect the epigenetic molecular mechanisms that modulate gene expression, as well as DNA damage and repair mechanisms. The current review will describe the latest achievements in using naturally produced compounds targeting epigenetic regulators and modulators of gene transcription in vitro and in vivo to generate novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Ratovitski
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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34
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Friso S, Udali S, De Santis D, Choi SW. One-carbon metabolism and epigenetics. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 54:28-36. [PMID: 27876555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The function of one-carbon metabolism is that of regulating the provision of methyl groups for biological methylation reactions including that of DNA and histone proteins. Methylation at specific sites into the DNA sequence and at histone tails are among the major epigenetic feature of mammalian genome for the regulation of gene expression. The enzymes within one-carbon metabolism are dependent from a number of vitamins or nutrients that serve either as co-factors or methyl acceptors or donors among which folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, betaine, choline and methionine have a major role. Several evidences show that there is a strict inter-relationship between one-carbon metabolism nutrients and epigenetic phenomena. Epigenetics is closely involved in gene transcriptional regulation through modifications super-imposed to the nucleotide sequence of DNA, such as DNA methylation, through chromatin remodeling systems that involves post-translational modifications of histones or through non-coding RNAs-based mechanisms. The epigenetic features of the genome are potentially modifiable by the action of several environmental factors among which nutrients cover a special place and interest considering their potential of influencing regulatory pathways at a molecular level by specific nutritional intervention and eventually influence disease prevention and outcomes. The present review will focus on the link between one-carbon nutrients and epigenetic phenomena based on the current knowledge from findings in cell culture, animal models and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Friso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Udali
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenica De Santis
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Tufts University School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA; Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Almeida VR, Vieira IA, Buendia M, Brunetto AT, Gregianin LJ, Brunetto AL, Klamt F, de Farias CB, Abujamra AL, Lopez PLDC, Roesler R. Combined Treatments with a Retinoid Receptor Agonist and Epigenetic Modulators in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7610-7619. [PMID: 27832522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid childhood tumor accounting for around 15% of pediatric cancer deaths and most probably originates from a failure in the development of embryonic neural crest cells. Retinoids can inhibit the proliferation and stimulate differentiation of NB cells. In addition, epigenetic events involving changes in chromatin structure and DNA methylation can mediate the effects of retinoids; hence, the scope of this study is to investigate the use of retinoids and epigenetic drugs in NB cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of retinoid all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) with inhibitors of either histone deacetylases (HDACs) or DNA methyltransferase is more effective in impairing the proliferation of human SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) NB cells than any drug given alone. Treatments also induced differential changes on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of retinoid receptor subtypes and reduced the protein content of c-Myc, the neuronal markers NeuN and β-3 tubulin, and the oncoprotein Bmi1. These results suggest that the combination of retinoids with epigenetic modulators is more effective in reducing NB growth than treatment with single drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Rösner Almeida
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Igor Araujo Vieira
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marienela Buendia
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro J Gregianin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Pediatric Oncology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Klamt
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90420-140, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abujamra
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Univates University Center, Lajeado, RS, 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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36
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Henrich KO, Bender S, Saadati M, Dreidax D, Gartlgruber M, Shao C, Herrmann C, Wiesenfarth M, Parzonka M, Wehrmann L, Fischer M, Duffy DJ, Bell E, Torkov A, Schmezer P, Plass C, Höfer T, Benner A, Pfister SM, Westermann F. Integrative Genome-Scale Analysis Identifies Epigenetic Mechanisms of Transcriptional Deregulation in Unfavorable Neuroblastomas. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5523-37. [PMID: 27635046 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The broad clinical spectrum of neuroblastoma ranges from spontaneous regression to rapid progression despite intensive multimodal therapy. This diversity is not fully explained by known genetic aberrations, suggesting the possibility of epigenetic involvement in pathogenesis. In pursuit of this hypothesis, we took an integrative approach to analyze the methylomes, transcriptomes, and copy number variations in 105 cases of neuroblastoma, complemented by primary tumor- and cell line-derived global histone modification analyses and epigenetic drug treatment in vitro We found that DNA methylation patterns identify divergent patient subgroups with respect to survival and clinicobiologic variables, including amplified MYCN Transcriptome integration and histone modification-based definition of enhancer elements revealed intragenic enhancer methylation as a mechanism for high-risk-associated transcriptional deregulation. Furthermore, in high-risk neuroblastomas, we obtained evidence for cooperation between PRC2 activity and DNA methylation in blocking tumor-suppressive differentiation programs. Notably, these programs could be re-activated by combination treatments, which targeted both PRC2 and DNA methylation. Overall, our results illuminate how epigenetic deregulation contributes to neuroblastoma pathogenesis, with novel implications for its diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5523-37. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. k.henrich@dkfz
| | - Sebastian Bender
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany & Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Maral Saadati
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Dreidax
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Gartlgruber
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunxuan Shao
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Wiesenfarth
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha Parzonka
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Wehrmann
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alica Torkov
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany & Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Neuroblastoma Genomics B087, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. k.henrich@dkfz
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37
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Aggarwal R, Jha M, Shrivastava A, Jha AK. Natural Compounds: Role in Reversal of Epigenetic Changes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:972-89. [PMID: 26547065 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915080027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of carcinogenesis are characterized by alterations in the expression of multiple genes that occur via genetic and epigenetic alterations, leading to genome rearrangements and instability. The reversible process of epigenetic regulation, which includes changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and alteration in microRNA (miRNA) expression that alter phenotype without any change in the DNA sequence, is recognized as a key mechanism in cancer cell metabolism. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown the anticarcinogenic potential of natural compounds targeting epigenetic mechanism as a common molecular approach for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the potential of natural chemopreventive agents to reverse cancer-related epigenetic aberrations by regulating the activity of histone deacetylases, histone acetyltransferases, DNA methyltransferase I, and miRNAs. Furthermore, there is impetus for determining novel and effective chemopreventive strategies, either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents that exhibit similar properties, for improving the therapeutic aspects of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, U. P. 201009, India.
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38
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miR-29s: a family of epi-miRNAs with therapeutic implications in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12837-61. [PMID: 25968566 PMCID: PMC4536984 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wealth of studies has highlighted the biological complexity of hematologic malignancies and the role of dysregulated signal transduction pathways. Along with the crucial role of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic aberrations are nowadays emerging as relevant players in cancer development, and significant research efforts are currently focusing on mechanisms by which histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs contribute to the pathobiology of cancer. As a consequence, these studies have provided the rationale for the development of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and demethylating compounds, some of which are currently in advanced phase of pre-clinical investigation or in clinical trials. In addition, a more recent body of evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) might target effectors of the epigenetic machinery, which are aberrantly expressed or active in cancers, thus reverting those epigenetic abnormalities driving tumor initiation and progression. This review will focus on the broad epigenetic activity triggered by members of the miR-29 family, which underlines the potential of miR-29s as candidate epi-therapeutics for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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39
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Miao P, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Bo B, Wang J. Identification of Cellular MicroRNA Coupling Strand Displacement Polymerization and Nicking-Endonuclease-Based Cleavage. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1712-1715. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Miao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215163 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Tang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215163 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Bing Bo
- Department of Neurology; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
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40
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Chemoresistance, cancer stem cells, and miRNA influences: the case for neuroblastoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:150634. [PMID: 26258008 PMCID: PMC4516851 DOI: 10.1155/2015/150634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that develops most often in infants and children under the age of five years. Neuroblastoma originates within the peripheral sympathetic ganglia, with 30% of the cases developing within the adrenal medulla, although it can also occur within other regions of the body such as nerve tissue in the spinal cord, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cellular pathways, differentiation, apoptosis, and stem cell maintenance. Such miRNAs regulate genes involved in cellular processes. Consequently, they are implicated in the regulation of a spectrum of signaling pathways within the cell. In essence, the role of miRNAs in the development of cancer is of utmost importance for the understanding of dysfunctional cellular pathways that lead to the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells. This review focuses on highlighting the recent, important implications of miRNAs within the context of neuroblastoma basic research efforts, particularly concerning miRNA influences on cancer stem cell pathology and chemoresistance pathology for this condition, together with development of translational medicine approaches for novel diagnostic tools and therapies for this neuroblastoma.
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41
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Chango A, Pogribny IP. Considering maternal dietary modulators for epigenetic regulation and programming of the fetal epigenome. Nutrients 2015; 7:2748-70. [PMID: 25875118 PMCID: PMC4425171 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal life is characterized by a tremendous plasticity and ability to respond to various environmental and lifestyle factors, including maternal nutrition. Identification of the role of dietary factors that can modulate and reshape the cellular epigenome during development, including methyl group donors (e.g., folate, choline) and bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols) is of great importance; however, there is insufficient knowledge of a particular effect of each type of modulator and/or their combination on fetal life. To enhance the quality and safety of food products for proper fetal health and disease prevention in later life, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of dietary epigenetic modulators during the critical prenatal period is necessary. This review focuses on the influence of maternal dietary components on DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs, and summarizes current knowledge of the effect and importance of dietary components on epigenetic mechanisms that control the proper expression of genetic information. Evidence reveals that some components in the maternal diet can directly or indirectly affect epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how early-life nutritional environment affects the epigenome during development is of great importance for the successful prevention of adult chronic diseases through optimal maternal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abalo Chango
- Polytechnic Institute LaSalle Beauvais, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, EGEAL UP:2012.10.101, F-60026 Beauvais Cedex, France.
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Li Z, Yu X, Shen J. Environmental aspects of congenital scoliosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5751-5755. [PMID: 25628116 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has proved that many aspects of our lifestyle and the environment contribute to the development of congenital disease. Congenital spinal deformities are due to anomalous development of the vertebrae including failure of formation and segmentation during embryogenesis. The causes of congenital scoliosis have not been fully identified. A variety of factors are implicated in the development of vertebral abnormalities. Previous studies have demonstrated that both genetics and environmental factors are implicated in the development of vertebral abnormalities. However, no specific cause for congenital scoliosis has been identified. In our review, we focus on the environmental factors for the development of congenital scoliosis. Various maternal exposures during pregnancy including hypoxia, alcohol use, vitamin deficiency, valproic acid, boric acid, and hyperthermia have been observed to be associated with the occurrence of congenital scoliosis. This review describes the major environmental contributors of congenital scoliosis with an emphasis on treatment aspects associated with environmental disposition in congenital scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
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43
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Janesick A, Wu SC, Blumberg B. Retinoic acid signaling and neuronal differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1559-76. [PMID: 25558812 PMCID: PMC11113123 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The identification of neurological symptoms caused by vitamin A deficiency pointed to a critical, early developmental role of vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). The ability of RA to induce post-mitotic, neural phenotypes in various stem cells, in vitro, served as early evidence that RA is involved in the switch between proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies have expanded this "opposing signal" model, and the number of primary neurons an embryo develops is now known to depend critically on the levels and spatial distribution of RA. The proneural and neurogenic transcription factors that control the exit of neural progenitors from the cell cycle and allow primary neurons to develop are partly elucidated, but the downstream effectors of RA receptor (RAR) signaling (many of which are putative cell cycle regulators) remain largely unidentified. The molecular mechanisms underlying RA-induced primary neurogenesis in anamniote embryos are starting to be revealed; however, these data have been not been extended to amniote embryos. There is growing evidence that bona fide RARs are found in some mollusks and other invertebrates, but little is known about their necessity or functions in neurogenesis. One normal function of RA is to regulate the cell cycle to halt proliferation, and loss of RA signaling is associated with dedifferentiation and the development of cancer. Identifying the genes and pathways that mediate cell cycle exit downstream of RA will be critical for our understanding of how to target tumor differentiation. Overall, elucidating the molecular details of RAR-regulated neurogenesis will be decisive for developing and understanding neural proliferation-differentiation switches throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Janesick
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300 USA
| | - Stephanie Cherie Wu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300 USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
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44
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Dang YW, Zeng J, He RQ, Rong MH, Luo DZ, Chen G. Effects of miR-152 on cell growth inhibition, motility suppression and apoptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4969-76. [PMID: 24998573 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-152 is involved in the genesis and development of several malignancies. However, its role in HCC has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of miR-152 and its effect on the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. METHODS miR-152 expression was detected using real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 89 pairs of HCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and their adjacent tissues. Functionally, in vitro effects and mechanisms of action of miR-152 on proliferation, viability, caspase activity, apoptosis and motility were explored in HepG2, HepB3 and SNU449 cells, as assessed by spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, fluorescence microscopy, wound-healing and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS miR-152 expression in HCC was downregulated remarkably compared to that in adjacent hepatic tissues. miR-152 levels in groups of advanced clinical stage, larger tumor size and positive HBV infection, were significantly lower than in other groups. A miR-152 mimic could suppress cell growth, inhibit cell motility and increase caspase activity and apoptosis in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, Western blotting showed that the miR-152 mimic downregulated Wnt-1, DNMT1, ERK1/2, AKT and TNFRS6B signaling. Intriguingly, inverse correlation of TNFRF6B and miR-152 expression was found in HCC and bioinformatics confirmed that TNFRF6B might be a target of miR- 152. CONCLUSIONS Underexpression of miR-152 plays a vital role in hepatocarcinogenesis and lack of miR-152 is related to the progression of HCC through deregulation of cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis. miR-152 may act as a tumor suppressor miRNA by also targeting TNFRSF6B and is therefore a potential candidate biomarker for HCC diagnosis, prognosis and molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China E-mail :
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45
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Miller-Delaney SFC, Bryan K, Das S, McKiernan RC, Bray IM, Reynolds JP, Gwinn R, Stallings RL, Henshall DC. Differential DNA methylation profiles of coding and non-coding genes define hippocampal sclerosis in human temporal lobe epilepsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 138:616-31. [PMID: 25552301 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with large-scale, wide-ranging changes in gene expression in the hippocampus. Epigenetic changes to DNA are attractive mechanisms to explain the sustained hyperexcitability of chronic epilepsy. Here, through methylation analysis of all annotated C-phosphate-G islands and promoter regions in the human genome, we report a pilot study of the methylation profiles of temporal lobe epilepsy with or without hippocampal sclerosis. Furthermore, by comparative analysis of expression and promoter methylation, we identify methylation sensitive non-coding RNA in human temporal lobe epilepsy. A total of 146 protein-coding genes exhibited altered DNA methylation in temporal lobe epilepsy hippocampus (n = 9) when compared to control (n = 5), with 81.5% of the promoters of these genes displaying hypermethylation. Unique methylation profiles were evident in temporal lobe epilepsy with or without hippocampal sclerosis, in addition to a common methylation profile regardless of pathology grade. Gene ontology terms associated with development, neuron remodelling and neuron maturation were over-represented in the methylation profile of Watson Grade 1 samples (mild hippocampal sclerosis). In addition to genes associated with neuronal, neurotransmitter/synaptic transmission and cell death functions, differential hypermethylation of genes associated with transcriptional regulation was evident in temporal lobe epilepsy, but overall few genes previously associated with epilepsy were among the differentially methylated. Finally, a panel of 13, methylation-sensitive microRNA were identified in temporal lobe epilepsy including MIR27A, miR-193a-5p (MIR193A) and miR-876-3p (MIR876), and the differential methylation of long non-coding RNA documented for the first time. The present study therefore reports select, genome-wide DNA methylation changes in human temporal lobe epilepsy that may contribute to the molecular architecture of the epileptic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne F C Miller-Delaney
- 1 Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Bryan
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sudipto Das
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ross C McKiernan
- 1 Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Isabella M Bray
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James P Reynolds
- 1 Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ryder Gwinn
- 3 Centre for Neuromodulation and Functional Restoration, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 550 17th Ave. Suite 540, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Raymond L Stallings
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland 4 National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- 1 Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Li P, Xu G, Li G, Wu M. Function and mechanism of tumor suppressor gene LRRC4/NGL-2. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:266. [PMID: 25526788 PMCID: PMC4349622 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LRRC4/NGL-2 (Leucine rich repeat containing 4/Netrin-G ligand-2), a relatively specific expressed gene in brain tissue, is a member of the LRRC4/ NGL (netrin-G ligand) family and belongs to the superfamily of LRR proteins. LRRC4/NGL-2 regulates neurite outgrowth and lamina-specific dendritic segmentation, suggesting that LRRC4/NGL-2 is important for the development of the nervous system. In addition, LRRC4/NGL-2 has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene. The overexpression of LRRC4/NGL-2 suppresses glioma cell growth, angiogenesis and invasion through complicated signaling regulation networks. LRRC4/NGL-2 also has the ability to form multiphase loops with miRNA, transcription factors and gene methylation modification; the loss of LRRC4/NGL-2 function may be an important event in multiple biological processes in gliomas. In summary, LRRC4/NGL-2 is a critical gene in the normal development and tumorigenesis of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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47
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Chen PH, Shih CM, Chang WC, Cheng CH, Lin CW, Ho KH, Su PC, Chen KC. MicroRNA-302b-inhibited E2F3 transcription factor is related to all trans retinoic acid-induced glioma cell apoptosis. J Neurochem 2014; 131:731-42. [PMID: 25040912 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a derivative of retinoid, is involved in the onset of differentiation and apoptosis in a wide variety of normal and cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression. Several miRNAs were identified to participate in ATRA-mediated cell differentiation. However, no studies have demonstrated whether miRNA can enhance ATRA cytotoxicity, thereby resulting in cell apoptosis. This study investigated the effects of ATRA-mediated miRNA expression in activating apoptotic pathways in glioblastoma. First, we found that high-dose ATRA treatment significantly reduced cell viability, caspase-dependent apoptosis, endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress activation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. From microarray data, miR-302b was analyzed as a putative downstream regulator upon ATRA treatment. Furthermore, we found that ATRA up-regulated miR-302b expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner through retinoic acid receptor α-mediated pathway. Overexpression and knockdown of miR-302b significantly influenced ATRA-mediated cytotoxicity. E2F3, an important transcriptional regulator of glioma proliferation, was validated to be a direct target gene of miR-302b. The miR-302b-reduced E2F3 levels were also identified to be associated with ATRA-mediated glioma cell death. These results emphasize that an ATRA-mediated miR-302b network may provide novel therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma therapy. We propose that high-dose all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, a derivative of retinoid, significantly induces glioblastoma cell apoptosis via caspase-dependent apoptosis, endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The miR-302b overexpression enhanced by ATRA-mediated retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α pathway was also identified. The E2F3 repression, a novel target gene of miR-302b, was involved in ATRA-induced glioblastoma cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hsu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Abstract
A growing number of studies in recent years have highlighted the importance of molecular nutrition as a potential determinant of health and disease. In particular, the ability of micronutrients to regulate the final expression of gene products via modulation of transcription and translation is now being recognised. Modulation of microRNA (miRNA) by nutrients is one pathway by which nutrition may mediate gene expression. miRNA, a class of non-coding RNA, can directly regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. In addition, miRNA are able to indirectly influence gene expression potential at the transcriptional level via modulation of the function of components of the epigenetic machinery (DNA methylation and histone modifications). These mechanisms interact to form a complex, bi-directional regulatory circuit modulating gene expression. Disease-specific miRNA profiles have been identified in multiple disease states, including those with known dietary risk factors. Therefore, the role that nutritional components, in particular, vitamins and minerals, play in the modulation of miRNA profiles, and consequently health and disease, is increasingly being investigated, and as such is a timely subject for review. The recently posited potential for viable exogenous miRNA to enter human blood circulation from food sources adds another interesting dimension to the potential for dietary miRNA to contribute to gene modulation.
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49
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Epigenetically regulated microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:731-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Breton CV, Park C, Siegmund K, Gauderman WJ, Whitfield-Maxwell L, Hodis HN, Avol E, Gilliland FD. NOS1 methylation and carotid artery intima-media thickness in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:116-22. [PMID: 24622112 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in cardiovascular health by maintaining and regulating vascular tone and blood flow. Epigenetic regulation of NO synthase (NOS), the genes responsible for NO production, may affect cardiovascular disease, including the development of atherosclerosis in children. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured percentage DNA methylation using bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing assays on DNA from buccal cells provided by 377 participants of the Children's Health Study on whom carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were also collected. We examined a total of 16 CpG loci located within NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3, ARG1, and ARG2 genes responsible for NO production. CIMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. The association between percentage DNA methylation in ARG and NOS genes with CIMT was evaluated using linear regression adjusted for sex, ethnicity, body mass index, age at CIMT, town of residence, and experimental plate for pyrosequencing reactions. Differences in the association by ethnicity and ancestral group were also evaluated. For a 1% increase in average DNA methylation of NOS1, CIMT increased by 1.2 μm (P=0.02). This association was greater in Hispanic children of Native American descent (β=2.3; P=0.004) than in non-Hispanic whites (β=0.3; P=0.71) or Hispanic whites (β=1.0; P=0.35). CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation of NOS1 has a plausible role in atherogenesis through regulation of NO production, although ancestry may alter the magnitude of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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