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Shi Q, Xue C, Zeng Y, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jiang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L. Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38797752 PMCID: PMC11128457 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, renowned for its role in regulating cell fate, organ development, and tissue homeostasis across metazoans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences, typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies, closely linked to cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells, thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness. The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Moreover, the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling. This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers, providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy, aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Manni W, Min W. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e176. [PMID: 36226253 PMCID: PMC9534377 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of malignant tumor cells with selective capacities for tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis, and unlimited growth into bulks, which are believed as a major cause of progressive tumor phenotypes, including recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. A number of signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties and survival of CSCs, including well-established intrinsic pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling, and extrinsic pathways, such as the vascular microenvironment and tumor-associated immune cells. There is also intricate crosstalk between these signal cascades and other oncogenic pathways. Thus, targeting pathway molecules that regulate CSCs provides a new option for the treatment of therapy-resistant or -refractory tumors. These treatments include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that target key signaling in CSCs, as well as CSC-directed immunotherapies that harness the immune systems to target CSCs. This review aims to provide an overview of the regulating networks and their immune interactions involved in CSC development. We also address the update on the development of CSC-directed therapeutics, with a special focus on those with application approval or under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Manni
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wu Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
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García‐Rocha R, Monroy‐García A, Carrera‐Martínez M, Hernández‐Montes J, Don‐López CA, Weiss‐Steider B, Monroy‐Mora KA, Ponce‐Chavero MDLÁ, Montesinos‐Montesinos JJ, Escobar‐Sánchez ML, Castillo GM, Chacón‐Salinas R, Vallejo‐Castillo L, Pérez‐Tapia SM, Mora‐García MDL. Evidence that cervical cancer cells cultured as tumorspheres maintain high CD73 expression and increase their protumor characteristics through TGF-β production. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:760-772. [PMID: 36070413 PMCID: PMC9825969 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a link between the biological activity of CD73 and tumorigenicity in solid tumors has been proposed. We previously reported that the generation of adenosine (Ado) by the activity of CD73 in cervical cancer (CC) cells induces transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) production to maintain CD73 expression. In the present study, we analyzed the participation of TGF-β1 in CD73 expression and the development of protumoral characteristics in CaSki CC cells cultured as tumorspheres (CaSki-T) and in monolayers (CaSki-M). Compared with those in CaSki-M cells, CD73 expression and Ado generation ability were significantly increased in CaSki-T cells. CaSki-T cells exhibited enrichment in the CSC-like phenotype due to increases in the expression levels of stem cell markers (CD49f, CK17, and P63; OCT4 and SOX2), greater sphere formation efficiency (SFE), and an increase in the percentage of side population (SP) cells. Interestingly, compared with CaSki-M cells, CaSki-T cells produced a greater amount of TGF-β1 and presented a marked protumor phenotype characterized by a significant decrease in the expression of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) molecules, an increase in the expression of multidrug resistance protein-I (MRP-I) and vimentin, and an increase in the protein expression levels of Snail-1 and Twist, which was strongly reversed with TGF-β1 inhibition. These results suggest that the presence of TGF-β1-CD73-Ado feedback loop can promote protumoral characteristics in the CC tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario García‐Rocha
- Laboratorio de InmunobiologíaUIDCC‐UMIEZ, FES‐Zaragoza, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico,Programa de Beca Posdoctoral UNAM DGAPA‐PAPIITCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Alberto Monroy‐García
- Laboratorio de InmunobiologíaUIDCC‐UMIEZ, FES‐Zaragoza, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico,Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, UIMEO, H Oncología, CMN SXXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Monserrat Carrera‐Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, UIMEO, H Oncología, CMN SXXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCiudad de MéxicoMéxico,Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | | | - Benny Weiss‐Steider
- Laboratorio de InmunobiologíaUIDCC‐UMIEZ, FES‐Zaragoza, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | - María de los Ángeles Ponce‐Chavero
- Laboratorio de InmunobiologíaUIDCC‐UMIEZ, FES‐Zaragoza, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico,Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Juan José Montesinos‐Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - María Luisa Escobar‐Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Gabriela Molina Castillo
- Laboratorio de InmunobiologíaUIDCC‐UMIEZ, FES‐Zaragoza, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico,Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAMCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Rommel Chacón‐Salinas
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI)Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMexico,Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB‐IPNCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Luis Vallejo‐Castillo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI)Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMexico,Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav‐IPN)Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez‐Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI)Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMexico,Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB‐IPNCiudad de MéxicoMexico,Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigacioón, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI‐FarBiotec‐CONACyT), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico
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Krishna S, Prasad R. Building Indian Biomedical Leadership to Bridge the Gap Between Science, Primary Health Care and Public Health. J Indian Inst Sci 2022; 102:783-789. [PMID: 36093272 PMCID: PMC9449303 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Indian biomedical landscape has been characterized by the existence of somewhat polarized institutional structures and professional growth. While some scientific and public health challenges have been met with existing structures, there is still a large unmet scientific and public health need. Broadly, the physical separation of science, engineering, medical campuses and industry has led to silos of excellence and accomplishment with huge gaps in innovation and implementation. The lack of inter-disciplinary educational options has further reinforced the cultural underpinning of "guilds" that have found it difficult to collaborate. Strikingly, with almost a comparable number of institutions that train doctors in the allopathic or traditional disciplines such as Ayurveda, Unani etc., an "integrative medicine" framework has not emerged, apart from an over reliance on specialization at the expense of primary care. This paper is written by two physician-scientists, the first is located in a basic life science research center. The second, a practicing family physician, from the institutional anchor of a life sciences research institution. In this, we trace our experiences, primarily from a principal investigator's perspective, describing the scientific projects and try to explore the lessons learnt along the way. We will first describe the research in the lab's core area of human cervical cancer progression and our more recent effort with Dengue genomics and vaccine design. We then describe the lab's engagement with medical campuses and other agencies as well as review our various meetings and interactions so far with our colleagues from Africa to grasp what might be the "generalizable lessons" for the future. The Indian council of medical research initiated a program with Africa in health sciences. Building upon those interactions, we have taken some incremental steps in that direction and described our efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Krishna
- Indian Institute of Technology, Goa and Formerly of the National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramakrishna Prasad
- PCMH Restore Health and Wellness LLP & the Academy of Family Physicians of India, Karnataka chapter, Bangalore, India
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Giuli MV, Mancusi A, Giuliani E, Screpanti I, Checquolo S. Notch signaling in female cancers: a multifaceted node to overcome drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:805-836. [PMID: 35582386 PMCID: PMC8992449 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the main challenges in cancer therapy, including in the treatment of female-specific malignancies, which account for more than 60% of cancer cases among women. Therefore, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms is an urgent need in gynecological cancers to foster novel therapeutic approaches. Notably, Notch signaling, including either receptors or ligands, has emerged as a promising candidate given its multifaceted role in almost all of the hallmarks of cancer. Concerning the connection between Notch pathway and drug resistance in the afore-mentioned tumor contexts, several studies focused on the Notch-dependent regulation of the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation or the induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), both features implicated in either intrinsic or acquired resistance. Indeed, the present review provides an up-to-date overview of the published results on Notch signaling and EMT- or CSC-driven drug resistance. Moreover, other drug resistance-related mechanisms are examined such as the involvement of the Notch pathway in drug efflux and tumor microenvironment. Collectively, there is a long way to go before every facet will be fully understood; nevertheless, some small pieces are falling neatly into place. Overall, the main aim of this review is to provide strong evidence in support of Notch signaling inhibition as an effective strategy to evade or reverse resistance in female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Giuli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angelica Mancusi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Latina 04100, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
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Mohan A, Raj Rajan R, Mohan G, Kollenchery Puthenveettil P, Maliekal TT. Markers and Reporters to Reveal the Hierarchy in Heterogeneous Cancer Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668851. [PMID: 34150761 PMCID: PMC8209516 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation within cancer, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), regulates tumor initiation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. At a closer look, CSCs show functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization. The present review is an attempt to assign marker profiles to define the functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization of CSCs, based on a series of single-cell analyses. The evidences show that analogous to stem cell hierarchy, self-renewing Quiescent CSCs give rise to the Progenitor CSCs with limited proliferative capacity, and later to a Progenitor-like CSCs, which differentiates to Proliferating non-CSCs. Functionally, the CSCs can be tumor-initiating cells (TICs), drug-resistant CSCs, or metastasis initiating cells (MICs). Although there are certain marker profiles used to identify CSCs of different cancers, molecules like CD44, CD133, ALDH1A1, ABCG2, and pluripotency markers [Octamer binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4), SOX2, and NANOG] are used to mark CSCs of a wide range of cancers, ranging from hematological malignancies to solid tumors. Our analysis of the recent reports showed that a combination of these markers can demarcate the heterogeneous CSCs in solid tumors. Reporter constructs are widely used for easy identification and quantification of marker molecules. In this review, we discuss the suitability of reporters for the widely used CSC markers that can define the heterogeneous CSCs. Since the CSC-specific functions of CD44 and CD133 are regulated at the post-translational level, we do not recommend the reporters for these molecules for the detection of CSCs. A promoter-based reporter for ABCG2 may also be not relevant in CSCs, as the expression of the molecule in cancer is mainly regulated by promoter demethylation. In this context, a dual reporter consisting of one of the pluripotency markers and ALDH1A1 will be useful in marking the heterogeneous CSCs. This system can be easily adapted to high-throughput platforms to screen drugs for eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reshma Raj Rajan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Iser IC, de Andrade Mello P, Davies S, de Souza Santos JF, Pilger DA, Buffon A, Bertoni APS, Wink MR. A three-dimensional microenvironment alters CD73 expression in cervical cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:780-790. [PMID: 34031899 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem-like cells (CSCs) have a tumour-initiating capacity and play critical role in tumour metastasis, relapse and resistance to therapy. The ectoenzyme CD73, encoded by the NT5E gene, which catalyses the hydrolysis of AMP into adenosine, has been associated to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, tumour cell adhesion and migration. Therefore, we investigated the expression and activity of CD73 in sphere-forming cells from cervical cancer in comparison to monolayer cells in vitro. In addition, in silico analysis was performed to determine the expression of CD73 and other members of purinergic signalling in CSC-like population derived from different tumour types in comparison to monolayer cells. CD73 protein expression levels and functionality in SiHa cells were analysed by flow cytometry and enzymatic assay, respectively. In silico investigation was performed through the analysis of seven datasets from different tumour types using GEO database. In vitro analysis showed a decreased CD73 protein expression and enzymatic activity in cervical spheres, when compared to monolayers. In addition, when sphere-derived cells are re-plated as monolayer culture, the CD73 expression and activity are restored. Supporting the in vitro results, in silico analysis showed that three-dimensional spheres derived from cervical, thyroid and breast cancer presented decreased expression of CD73, when compared to their adherent counterparts. The decreased expression of CD73 in sphere-derived cells or CSC-enriched population reinforce its important role in cell adhesion, tumour spreading ability and metastasis, suggesting CD73 as potential target to be further investigated in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Cristiana Iser
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School (HMS), Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Davies
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Fraga de Souza Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo André Pilger
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia Buffon
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcia Rosângela Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Mohan A, Raj R R, Mohan G, K P P, Thomas Maliekal T. Reporters of Cancer Stem Cells as a Tool for Drug Discovery. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669250. [PMID: 33968778 PMCID: PMC8100607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in chemoresistance, metastasis and recurrence, the biology of CSCs were explored in detail. Based on that, several modalities were proposed to target them. In spite of the several clinical trials, a successful CSC-targeting drug is yet to be identified. The number of molecules screened and entered for clinical trial for CSC-targeting is comparatively low, compared to other drugs. The bottle neck is the lack of a high-throughput adaptable screening strategy for CSCs. This review is aimed to identify suitable reporters for CSCs that can be used to identify the heterogeneous CSC populations, including quiescent CSCs, proliferative CSCs, drug resistant CSCs and metastatic CSCs. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment regulating CSCs revealed that the factors in CSC-niche activates effector molecules that function as CSC markers, including pluripotency markers, CD133, ABCG2 and ALDH1A1. Among these factors OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ABCG2 and ALDH1A1 are ideal for making reporters for CSCs. The pluripotency molecules, like OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG, regulate self-renewal, chemoresistance and metastasis. ABCG2 is a known regulator of drug resistance while ALDH1A1 modulates self-renewal, chemoresistance and metastasis. Considering the heterogeneity of CSCs, including a quiescent population and a proliferative population with metastatic ability, we propose the use of a combination of reporters. A dual reporter consisting of a pluripotency marker and a marker like ALDH1A1 will be useful in screening drugs that target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reshma Raj R
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Padmaja K P
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Bajaj J, Diaz E, Reya T. Stem cells in cancer initiation and progression. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133538. [PMID: 31874116 PMCID: PMC7039188 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bajaj et al. review how cancers originate, how their heterogeneity is linked to cancer stem cells, and the signals fundamental to driving these processes. While standard therapies can lead to an initial remission of aggressive cancers, they are often only a transient solution. The resistance and relapse that follows is driven by tumor heterogeneity and therapy-resistant populations that can reinitiate growth and promote disease progression. There is thus a significant need to understand the cell types and signaling pathways that not only contribute to cancer initiation, but also those that confer resistance and drive recurrence. Here, we discuss work showing that stem cells and progenitors may preferentially serve as a cell of origin for cancers, and that cancer stem cells can be key in driving the continued growth and functional heterogeneity of established cancers. We also describe emerging evidence for the role of developmental signals in cancer initiation, propagation, and therapy resistance and discuss how targeting these pathways may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevisha Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Emily Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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10
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Notch signalling in cervical cancer. Exp Cell Res 2019; 385:111682. [PMID: 31634483 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The initial discovery of key developmental signalling pathways, largely using classical genetic approaches in model organisms, was followed by an intense burst of characterisation of the molecular components. Studies also began demonstrating a role for these pathways in oncogenesis. Patterns of mutations in Notch pathway components, such as those reported in subsets of hematological malignancies, have been easier to study, and the cumulative information is leading to potentially new therapies. However, it has been more challenging to clearly define the role of the Notch pathway in human solid tumours, given the absence of widespread specific activating or repressive mutations in key components of the pathway. In this review, we trace more than two decades of work looking at the role of Notch signalling in human cervical cancer progression. We document the contrasting reports on a tumour suppressive role and pro-oncogenic role in cervical cancers. However, an analysis of recent genomic data strikingly shows both widespread features of Notch expression and genetic changes that largely amplify positive regulators and delete negative controllers of the Notch pathway. This analysis reinforces a largely pro-oncogenic role for Notch signalling and lays the foundation for a nuanced exploration of synergistic and targeted therapies. Lastly, we further trace some of the complex challenges in advanced cervical cancer progression, including issues of cancer stem cells and metastasis.
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Rodrigues C, Pattabiraman C, Vijaykumar A, Arora R, Narayana SM, Kumar RV, Notani D, Varga-Weisz P, Krishna S. A SUV39H1-low chromatin state characterises and promotes migratory properties of cervical cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:206-216. [PMID: 30772380 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is a major cause of mortality in cervical cancers, but factors regulating migratory and pre-metastatic cell populations remain poorly understood. Here, we sought to assess whether a SUV39H1-low chromatin state promotes migratory cell populations in cervical cancers, using meta-analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), immunohistochemistry, genomics and functional assays. Cervical cancer cells sorted based on migratory ability in vitro have low levels of SUV39H1 protein, and SUV39H1 knockdown in vitro enhanced cervical cancer cell migration. Further, TCGA SUV39H1-low tumours correlated with poor clinical outcomes and showed gene expression signatures of cell migration. SUV39H1 expression was examined within biopsies, and SUV39H1low cells within tumours also demonstrated migratory features. Next, to understand genome scale transcriptional and chromatin changes in migratory populations, cell populations sorted based on migration in vitro were examined using RNA-Seq, along with ChIP-Seq for H3K9me3, the histone mark associated with SUV39H1. Migrated populations showed SUV39H1-linked migratory gene expression signatures, along with broad depletion of H3K9me3 across gene promoters. We show for the first time that a SUV39H1-low chromatin state associates with, and promotes, migratory populations in cervical cancers. Our results posit SUV39H1-low cells as key populations for prognosis estimation and as targets for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Rodrigues
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK-UAS, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK-UAS, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Vijaykumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK-UAS, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Reety Arora
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK-UAS, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Dimple Notani
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK-UAS, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Patrick Varga-Weisz
- The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK-UAS, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India.
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Peng JH, Wang XL, Ran L, Song JL, Zhang ZT, Liu X, Li HY. Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8398-8409. [PMID: 29904942 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway on the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D) were selected and treated with radiation of different doses. Cells were treated with Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) to analyze the effects of GSI on the Notch signaling, which were detected by Immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. Besides, Transwell assay, Scratch test, colony formation assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to show the effects of GSI on the invasion and migration, survival fraction, cell viability, and apoptosis of MCF-7 and T47D cells after radiation therapy. Moreover, cell transfection with a dominant negative mutant of RBPJ, the key transcription factor of Notch signaling pathway, were also applied to show the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway. Initially, we found that the 4 Gy radiation activated Notch signaling pathway, and enhanced the invasion and migration of MCF-7 and T47D cells. However, GSI inhibited the Notch signaling pathway, and reversed the enhancement of radiation on the migration and invasion, promoted the enhancement of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 and T47D cells induced by radiation. Except that, we also determined that GSI and dnRBPJ suppressed the upregulation of Notch signaling after radiation therapy. Our study demonstrated that inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells, which may provide evident for a beneficial adjuvant therapy in the breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Heng Peng
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ran
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ting Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Wang L, Dai G, Yang J, Wu W, Zhang W. Cervical Cancer Cell Growth, Drug Resistance, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Are Suppressed by y-Secretase Inhibitor RO4929097. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4046-4053. [PMID: 29899322 PMCID: PMC6032799 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Notch signaling pathway has been reported to play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the Notch signaling pathway regulates several cellular processes. The present study investigated the effect of the Notch signaling pathway on cell growth, invasiveness, and drug resistance, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), of cervical cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis to measure the expression level of Notch2. CCK-8, clonality, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) RO4929097 on cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and Caski. To explore the role of the Notch signaling pathway in EMT, the epithelial and mesenchymal markers were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot after cervical cancer cell lines were treated with GSI RO4929097. RESULTS The expression of Notch2 was found to increase in cervical cancer cell lines compared with the normal immortalized human cervical epithelial cells. GSI RO4929097 was confirmed to inhibit the Notch signaling pathway and impaired the proliferation, drug resistance, migration, and invasion abilities of cervical cancer cells. The protein expression levels of the mesenchymal biomarkers Snail, Twist, and neural cadherin (N-cadherin) decreased; however, the expression of the epithelial biomarker epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) increased in the cervical cancer cells treated with GSI RO4929097. CONCLUSIONS Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the development and progression of cervical cancer. Blockade of the Notch pathway using GSI RO4929097 inhibited cell growth and reduced chemoresistance, invasion, metastasis, and EMT in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Wanrong Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Crosstalk between TLR4 and Notch1 signaling in the IgA nephropathy during inflammatory response. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:779-785. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Molecular mechanisms underlying human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoprotein-induced cell transformation. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 772:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhou Y, An Q, Guo RX, Qiao YH, Li LX, Zhang XY, Zhao XL. miR424-5p functions as an anti-oncogene in cervical cancer cell growth by targeting KDM5B via the Notch signaling pathway. Life Sci 2017; 171:9-15. [PMID: 28082020 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aberrant expression of miRNAs exert the critical roles in carcinogenesis, including cervical cancer. Recent study corroborated the down-regulation of miR424-5p in uterine cervix adenocarcinoma. This research aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanisms of miR424-5p in cervical cancer cell growth. MAIN METHODS Tissues samples were collected from patients with cervical cancer and healthy control. The expression levels of miR424-5p were determined by qRT-PCR. After transfection with miR424-5p mimics or inhibitor, cervical cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by WST-1 and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The underlying mechanism involved in aforementioned processes was also explored. KEY FINDINGS Expression of miR424-5p was notably decreased in cervical cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR424-5p restrained cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, but with little function in miR424-5p inhibitor-treated groups. Furthermore, KDM5B was identified as a direct target of miR424-5p as the evidence that miR-424-5p inhibited KDM5B expression and luciferase activity of KDM5B 3'-UTR. Here, KDM5B elevation majorly reversed miR424-5p-triggered inhibition in cell proliferation and increase in cell apoptosis. Moreover, silencing KDM5B expression also restrained cell growth. Additionally, miR424-5p overexpression inhibited the expression of Notch1 and Notch2, which was obviously rescued after KDM5B up-regulation. Simultaneously, blocking KDM5B also attenuated the activation of Notch pathway. Importantly, treatment with Notch agonist Jagged1 antagonized miR424-5p-mediated suppression on cell growth. SIGNIFICANCE This research suggests that miR424-5p may act as a novel anti-oncogene in cervical cancer by blocking cell growth through targeting KDM5B-Notch pathway. Accordingly, our study will support a promising therapeutic strategy against cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xia Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Huan Qiao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Xia Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Lan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Suganya S. AA, Kochurani KJ, Nair MG, Louis JM, Sankaran S, Rajagopal R, Kumar KS, Abraham P, P. G. B, Sebastian P, Somananthan T, Maliekal TT. TM1-IR680 peptide for assessment of surgical margin and lymph node metastasis in murine orthotopic model of oral cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36726. [PMID: 27827443 PMCID: PMC5101486 DOI: 10.1038/srep36726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment outcome after surgical removal in oral carcinoma is poor due to inadequate methodologies available for marking surgical margins. Even though some methodologies for intraoperative margin assessment are under clinical and preclinical trials for other solid tumours, a promising modality for oral cancer surgery is not developed. Fluorescent-based optical imaging using Near Infrared (NIR) dyes tagged to tumour specific target will be an optimal tool for this purpose. One such target, Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) was selected for the study, and its binding peptide, TM1-IR680, was tested for its efficacy for surgical margin prediction in murine orthotopic model of oral cancer, derived from primary samples. Here, for the first time in a preclinical analysis, we show that the size and margin of oral cancer can be predicted, as revealed by 3D-imaging. Interestingly, the peptide was sensitive enough to detect lymph nodes that harboured dispersed tumour cells before colonization, which was impossible to identify by conventional histopathology. We recommend the use of TM1-NIR dyes alone or in combination with other technologies to improve the clinical outcome of oral cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie A. Suganya S.
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - K. J. Kochurani
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Madhumathy G. Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Jiss Maria Louis
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Santhosh Sankaran
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - R. Rajagopal
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - K. Santhosh Kumar
- Chemical Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Parvin Abraham
- Chemical Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Balagopal P. G.
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Paul Sebastian
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Thara Somananthan
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Tessy Thomas Maliekal
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
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Dotto GP, Rustgi AK. Squamous Cell Cancers: A Unified Perspective on Biology and Genetics. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:622-637. [PMID: 27165741 PMCID: PMC4870309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) represent the most frequent human solid tumors and are a major cause of cancer mortality. These highly heterogeneous tumors arise from closely interconnected epithelial cell populations with intrinsic self-renewal potential inversely related to the stratified differentiation program. SCCs can also originate from simple or pseudo-stratified epithelia through activation of quiescent cells and/or a switch in cell-fate determination. Here, we focus on specific determinants implicated in the development of SCCs by recent large-scale genomic, genetic, and epigenetic studies, and complementary functional analysis. The evidence indicates that SCCs from various body sites, while clinically treated as separate entities, have common determinants, pointing to a unified perspective of the disease and potential new avenues for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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CD66 and CD49f expressing cells are associated with distinct neoplastic phenotypes and progression in human cervical cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 60:166-78. [PMID: 27132080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, building on our recent work identifying a subset of CD66+ve cells with distinctive tumourigenic properties in human cervical cancers, we examine patterns of expression and function of these cells; to generate insights into the process of metastasis. METHODS Our broad approach in this study has been to compare the expression and function of two subsets marked by CD66 and CD49f. We use a combination of histopathology, immunostaining and flow cytometry, functional analysis of an established cervical cancer cell line and a retrospective analysis of a cohort of cervical cancer. RESULTS We noted CD66 expression associated with clusters of cells which are spindle shaped, SMA+ve, podoplanin+ve, phalloidin high, fibronectin high, plakoglobin low, ki67-ve and CK10+ve at the migratory phase along with features of partial EMT. Further, TGFβ1 a well known regulator of EMT, positively correlated with CD66 expression. The additional CD49f+ve subset at the leading invading front of migration was SMA-ve, phalloidin low, fibronectin low, plakoglobin high, Ki67+ve and CK14+ve. These data are consistent with a role for CD66 cells in metastatic invasion with a collective cell migration process co-opting the CD49f subset. Our retrospective analysis of a cohort is consistent with a role for CD66 in metastasis. However, the broad analysis of CD66, CD49f and TGFβ1 expression with patterns of overall survival points to a possible protective effect particularly for local recurrences. Hence, future studies focussing on potential heterogeneity within the CD66 subset along with the possible role of isoforms and intra-cellular roles would be essential.
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Li L, Zhang J, Xiong N, Li S, Chen Y, Yang H, Wu C, Zeng H, Liu Y. Notch-1 signaling activates NF-κB in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells via PP2A-dependent AKT pathway. Med Oncol 2016; 33:33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Live detection and purification of cells based on the expression of a histone chaperone, HIRA, using a binding peptide. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17218. [PMID: 26596463 PMCID: PMC4657044 DOI: 10.1038/srep17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowcytometry is a reliable method for identification and purification of live cells from a heterogeneous population. Since permeabilized cells cannot be sorted live in a FACS sorter, its application in isolation of functional cells largely depends on antibodies for surface markers. In various fields of biology we find intracellular markers that reveal subpopulations of biological significance. Cell cycle stage specific molecules, metastatic signature molecules, stemness associated proteins etc. are examples of potential markers that could improve the research and therapy enormously. Currently their use is restricted by lack of techniques that allow live detection. Even though a few methods like aptamers, droplet-based microfluidics and smartflares are reported, their application is limited. Here, for the first time we report a simple, cost-effective and efficient method of live sorting of cells based on the expression of an intracellular marker using a fluorophore-tagged binding peptide. The target molecule selected was a histone chaperone, HIRA, the expression of which can predict the fate of differentiating myoblast. Our results confirm that the peptide shows specific interaction with its target; and it can be used to separate cells with differential expression of HIRA. Further, this method offers high purity and viability for the isolated cells.
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Ling Y, Wang J, Wang L, Hou J, Qian P, Xiang-dong W. Roles of CEACAM1 in cell communication and signaling of lung cancer and other diseases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:347-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Vliet-Gregg PA, Hamilton JR, Katzenellenbogen RA. Human papillomavirus 16E6 and NFX1-123 potentiate Notch signaling and differentiation without activating cellular arrest. Virology 2015; 478:50-60. [PMID: 25723053 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) oncoproteins bind host cell proteins to dysregulate and uncouple apoptosis, senescence, differentiation, and growth. These pathways are important for both the viral life cycle and cancer development. HR HPV16 E6 (16E6) interacts with the cellular protein NFX1-123, and they collaboratively increase the growth and differentiation master regulator, Notch1. In 16E6 expressing keratinocytes (16E6 HFKs), the Notch canonical pathway genes Hes1 and Hes5 were increased with overexpression of NFX1-123, and their expression was directly linked to the activation or blockade of the Notch1 receptor. Keratinocyte differentiation genes Keratin 1 and Keratin 10 were also increased, but in contrast their upregulation was only indirectly associated with Notch1 receptor stimulation and was fully unlinked to growth arrest, increased p21(Waf1/CIP1), or decreased proliferative factor Ki67. This leads to a model of 16E6, NFX1-123, and Notch1 differently regulating canonical and differentiation pathways and entirely uncoupling cellular arrest from increased differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Portia A Vliet-Gregg
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children׳s Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jennifer R Hamilton
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children׳s Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Rachel A Katzenellenbogen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children׳s Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.
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Pattabiraman C, Hong S, Gunasekharan VK, Pranatharthi A, Bajaj J, Srivastava S, Krishnamurthy H, Ammothumkandy A, Giri VG, Laimins LA, Krishna S. CD66+ cells in cervical precancers are partially differentiated progenitors with neoplastic traits. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6682-92. [PMID: 25267065 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancers, a malignancy associated with oncogenic papilloma viruses, remain a major disease burden in the absence of effective implementation of preventive strategies. CD66(+) cells have previously been identified as a tumor-propagating subset in cervical cancers. We investigated the existence, differentiation state, and neoplastic potential of CD66(+) cells in a precancer cell line harboring HPV31b episomes. The gene expression profile of CD66(high) cells overlaps with differentiated keratinocytes, neoplastic mesenchymal transition, cells of the squamocolumnar junction, and cervical cancer cell line-derived spheroids. There is elevated expression of DNMT1, Notch1, and the viral gene product E1⁁E4 in CD66(high) cells. Thus, CD66(high) cells, in the absence of differentiating signals, express higher levels of key regulators of keratinocytes stemness, differentiation, and the viral life cycle, respectively. We also find a striking association of neoplastic traits, including migration, invasion, and colony formation, in soft agar with CD66(high) cells. These properties and a distinct G2-M-enriched cell-cycle profile are conserved in cells from cervical cancers. Principally, using a precancerous cell line, we propose that CD66(high) cells have an intermediate differentiation state, with a cellular milieu connected with both viral replication and neoplastic potential, and validate some key features in precancer lesions. Such pathophysiologically relevant systems for defining cellular changes in the early phases of the disease process provide both mechanistic insight and potential therapeutic strategies. Collectively, our data provide a rationale for exploring novel therapeutic targets in CD66(+) subsets during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Pattabiraman
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shiyuan Hong
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vignesh K Gunasekharan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Annapurna Pranatharthi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeevisha Bajaj
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H Krishnamurthy
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aswathy Ammothumkandy
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkat G Giri
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Laimonis A Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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25
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Li D, Masiero M, Banham AH, Harris AL. The notch ligand JAGGED1 as a target for anti-tumor therapy. Front Oncol 2014; 4:254. [PMID: 25309874 PMCID: PMC4174884 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is increasingly attracting attention as a source of therapeutic targets for cancer. Ligand-induced Notch signaling has been implicated in various aspects of cancer biology; as a consequence, pan-Notch inhibitors and therapeutic antibodies targeting one or more of the Notch receptors have been investigated for cancer therapy. Alternatively, Notch ligands provide attractive options for therapy in cancer treatment due to their more restricted expression and better-defined functions, as well as their low rate of mutations in cancer. One of the Notch ligands, Jagged1 (JAG1), is overexpressed in many cancer types, and plays an important role in several aspects of tumor biology. In fact, JAG1-stimulated Notch activation is directly implicated in tumor growth through maintaining cancer stem cell populations, promoting cell survival, inhibiting apoptosis, and driving cell proliferation and metastasis. In addition, JAG1 can indirectly affect cancer by influencing tumor microenvironment components such as tumor vasculature and immune cell infiltration. This article gives an overview of JAG1 and its role in tumor biology, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Li
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Massimo Masiero
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Alison H Banham
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Zhang P, Li H, Yang B, Yang F, Zhang LL, Kong QY, Chen XY, Wu ML, Liu J. Biological significance and therapeutic implication of resveratrol-inhibited Wnt, Notch and STAT3 signaling in cervical cancer cells. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:154-64. [PMID: 25061499 PMCID: PMC4104760 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancers/CCs are one of the commonest malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Resveratrol inhibits CC cell growth but its molecular target(s) remains unclear. Since the signaling pathways mediated by STAT3, Notch1 and Wnt2 play beneficial roles in CC formation and progression, the effects of resveratrol on them in cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and squamous cell carcinoma (SiHa) cells were analyzed. The biological significances of the above signaling for HeLa and SiHa cells were evaluated by treating the cells with STAT3, Wnt or Notch selective inhibitors. The frequencies of STAT3, Notch and Wnt activations in 68 cases of CC specimens and 38 non-cancerous cervical epithelia were examined by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining. The results revealed that HeLa and SiHa cells treated by 100μM resveratrol showed extensive apoptosis, accompanied with suppression of STAT3, Notch and Wnt activations. Growth inhibition and apoptosis were found in HeLa and SiHa populations treated by AG490, a STAT3/JAK3 inhibitor but not the ones treated by Notch inhibitor L-685,458 or by Wnt inhibitor XAV-939. Immunohistochemical staining performed on the tissue microarrays showed that the frequencies of Notch1, Notch2, Hes1, Wnt2, Wnt5a and p-STAT3 detection as well as β-catenin nuclear translocation in CC samples were significantly higher than that of noncancerous group (p<0.01), while the expression rate of PIAS3 was remarkably low in cancer samples (p<0.01). Our results thus demonstrate that STAT3, Wnt and Notch signaling are frequently co-activated in human CC cells and specimens and resveratrol can concurrently inhibit those signaling activations and meanwhile lead cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cells to growth arrest and apoptosis. STAT3 signaling is more critical for CC cells and is the major target of resveratrol because selective inhibition of STAT3 rather than Wnt or Notch activation commits SiHa and HeLa cells to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Gynaecological Surgery, Sheng-Jing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gynaecological Surgery, Sheng-Jing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qing-You Kong
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mo-Li Wu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Kristoffersen K, Nedergaard MK, Villingshøj M, Borup R, Broholm H, Kjær A, Poulsen HS, Stockhausen MT. Inhibition of Notch signaling alters the phenotype of orthotopic tumors formed from glioblastoma multiforme neurosphere cells but does not hamper intracranial tumor growth regardless of endogene Notch pathway signature. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:862-77. [PMID: 24755988 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain cancer stem-like cells (bCSC) are cancer cells with neural stem cell (NSC)-like properties found in the devastating brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). bCSC are proposed a central role in tumor initiation, progression, treatment resistance and relapse and as such present a promising target in GBM research. The Notch signaling pathway is often deregulated in GBM and we have previously characterized GBM-derived bCSC cultures based on their expression of the Notch-1 receptor and found that it could be used as predictive marker for the effect of Notch inhibition. The aim of the present project was therefore to further elucidate the significance of Notch pathway activity for the tumorigenic properties of GBM-derived bCSC. METHODS Human-derived GBM xenograft cells previously established as NSC-like neurosphere cultures were used. Notch inhibition was accomplished by exposing the cells to the gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT prior to gene expression analysis and intracranial injection into immunocompromised mice. RESULTS By analyzing the expression of several Notch pathway components, we found that the cultures indeed displayed different Notch pathway signatures. However, when DAPT-treated neurosphere cells were injected into the brain of immunocompromised mice, no increase in survival was obtained regardless of Notch pathway signature and Notch inhibition. We did however observe a decrease in the expression of the stem cell marker Nestin, an increase in the proliferative marker Ki-67 and an increased number of abnormal vessels in tumors formed from DAPT-treated, high Notch-1 expressing cultures, when compared with the control. CONCLUSION Based on the presented results we propose that Notch inhibition partly induces differentiation of bCSC, and selects for a cell type that more strongly induces angiogenesis if the treatment is not sustained. However, this more differentiated cell type might prove to be more sensitive to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kristoffersen
- Department of Radiation Biology; The Finsen Center; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kjølhede Nedergaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging; Copenhagen University Hospital and University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Villingshøj
- Department of Radiation Biology; The Finsen Center; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rehannah Borup
- Center for Genomic Medicine; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Neuropathology; The Diagnostic Center; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging; Copenhagen University Hospital and University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Skovgaard Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology; The Finsen Center; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Thérése Stockhausen
- Department of Radiation Biology; The Finsen Center; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ntziachristos P, Lim JS, Sage J, Aifantis I. From fly wings to targeted cancer therapies: a centennial for notch signaling. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:318-34. [PMID: 24651013 PMCID: PMC4040351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since Notch phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster were first identified 100 years ago, Notch signaling has been extensively characterized as a regulator of cell-fate decisions in a variety of organisms and tissues. However, in the past 20 years, accumulating evidence has linked alterations in the Notch pathway to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the protumorigenic and tumor-suppressive functions of Notch signaling, and dissect the molecular mechanisms that underlie these functions in hematopoietic cancers and solid tumors. Finally, we link these mechanisms and observations to possible therapeutic strategies targeting the Notch pathway in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jing Shan Lim
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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29
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Yang WT, Zheng PS. Promoter hypermethylation of KLF4 inactivates its tumor suppressor function in cervical carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88827. [PMID: 24551169 PMCID: PMC3925171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The KLF4 gene has been shown to be inactivated in cervical carcinogenesis as a tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism of KLF4 silencing in cervical carcinomas has not yet been identified. DNA methylation plays a key role in stable suppression of gene expression. METHODS The methylation status of the KLF4 promoter CpG islands was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing (BSQ) in tissues of normal cervix and cervical cancer. KLF4 gene expression was detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot. KLF4 promoter methylation in cervical cancer cell line was determined by BSQ and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR). Cell proliferation ability was detected by cell growth curve and MTT assay. RESULTS The methylated allele was found in 41.90% of 24 cervical cancer tissues but only in 11.11% of 11 normal cervix tissues (P<0.005). KLF4 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in cervical cancer tissues compared with normal cervix tissues (P<0.01) and KLF4 mRNA expression showed a significant negative correlation with the promoter hypermethylation (r = -0.486, P = 0.003). Cervical cancer cell lines also showed a significant negative correlation between KLF4 expression and hypermethylation. After treatment with the demethylating agent 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza), the expression of KLF4 in the cervical cancer cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels was drastically increased, the cell proliferation ability was inhibited and the chemosensitivity for cisplatin was significantly increased. CONCLUSION KLF4 gene is inactivated by methylation-induced silencing mechanisms in a large subset of cervical carcinomas and KLF4 promoter hypermethylation inactivates the gene's function as a tumor suppressor in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, The People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, The People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, The People’s Republic of China
- Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China, Xi’an, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Li L, Zhao F, Lu J, Li T, Yang H, Wu C, Liu Y. Notch-1 signaling promotes the malignant features of human breast cancer through NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95912. [PMID: 24760075 PMCID: PMC3997497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway has been proven to be associated with the development and progression of cancers. However, the specific roles and the underlying mechanisms of Notch-1 signaling pathway on the malignant behaviors of breast cancer are poorly understood. In this study, using multiple cellular and molecular approaches, we demonstrated that activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway promoted the malignant behaviors of MDA-MB-231 cells such as increased cell proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis; whereas deactivation of this signaling pathway led to the reversal of the aforementioned malignant cellular behaviors. Furthermore, we found that activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway triggered the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and up-regulated the expression of NF-κB target genes including MMP-2/-9, VEGF, Survivin, Bcl-xL, and Cyclin D1. These results suggest that Notch-1 signaling pathway play important roles in promoting the malignant phenotype of breast cancer, which may be mediated partly through the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results further suggest that targeting Notch-1 signaling pathway may become a newer approach to halt the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fenglong Zhao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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NFX1-123 and human papillomavirus 16E6 increase Notch expression in keratinocytes. J Virol 2013; 87:13741-50. [PMID: 24109236 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02582-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) E6 oncoprotein binds host cell proteins to dysregulate multiple regulatory pathways, including apoptosis and senescence. HR HPV16 E6 (16E6) interacts with the cellular protein NFX1-123, and together they posttranscriptionally increase hTERT expression, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. NFX1-123 interacts with hTERT mRNA and stabilizes it, leading to greater telomerase activity and the avoidance of cellular senescence. Little is known regarding what other transcripts are dependent on or augmented by the association of NFX1-123 with 16E6. Microarray analysis revealed enhanced expression of Notch1 mRNA in 16E6-expressing keratinocytes when NFX1-123 was overexpressed. A moderate increase in Notch1 mRNA was seen with overexpression of NFX1-123 alone, but with 16E6 coexpression the increase in Notch1 was enhanced. The PAM2 motif and R3H protein domains in NFX1-123, which were important for increased hTERT expression, were also important in the augmentation of Notch1 expression by 16E6. These findings identify a second gene coregulated by 16E6 and NFX1-123 and the protein motifs in NFX1-123 that are important for this effect.
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