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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Challenges of Spatially Resolved Metabolism in Cancer Research. Metabolites 2024; 14:383. [PMID: 39057706 PMCID: PMC11278851 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics comprises a critical set of technologies that can be applied to a wide variety of systems, from isolated cells to whole organisms, to define metabolic pathway usage and responses to perturbations such as drugs or mutations, as well as providing the basis for flux analysis. As the diversity of stable isotope-enriched compounds is very high, and with newer approaches to multiplexing, the coverage of metabolism is now very extensive. However, as the complexity of the model increases, including more kinds of interacting cell types and interorgan communication, the analytical complexity also increases. Further, as studies move further into spatially resolved biology, new technical problems have to be overcome owing to the small number of analytes present in the confines of a single cell or cell compartment. Here, we review the overall goals and solutions made possible by stable isotope tracing and their applications to models of increasing complexity. Finally, we discuss progress and outstanding difficulties in high-resolution spatially resolved tracer-based metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.M.H.); (T.W.-M.F.)
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Liu X, Cui D, Xu D, Bok R, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW. Dynamic T 2 * relaxometry of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate MRI in the human brain and kidneys. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1030-1042. [PMID: 38013217 PMCID: PMC10872504 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to quantifyT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ for hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and metabolites in the healthy human brain and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients at 3 T. METHODS DynamicT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ values were measured with a metabolite-specific multi-echo spiral sequence. The dynamicT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of [1-13 C]pyruvate, [1-13 C]lactate, and 13 C-bicarbonate was estimated in regions of interest in the whole brain, sinus vein, gray matter, and white matter in healthy volunteers, as well as in kidney tumors and the contralateral healthy kidneys in a separate group of RCC patients.T 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ was fit using a mono-exponential function; and metabolism was quantified using pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate maps and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio maps, which were compared with and without an estimatedT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ correction. RESULTS TheT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of pyruvate was shown to vary during the acquisition, whereas theT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of lactate and bicarbonate were relatively constant through time and across the organs studied. TheT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of lactate was similar in gray matter (29.75 ± 1.04 ms), white matter (32.89 ± 0.9 ms), healthy kidney (34.61 ± 4.07 ms), and kidney tumor (33.01 ± 2.31 ms); and theT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of bicarbonate was different between whole-brain (108.17 ± 14.05 ms) and healthy kidney (58.45 ± 6.63 ms). TheT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of pyruvate had similar trends in both brain and RCC studies, reducing from 75.56 ± 2.23 ms to 22.24 ± 1.24 ms in the brain and reducing from 122.72 ± 9.86 ms to 57.38 ± 7.65 ms in the kidneys. CONCLUSION Multi-echo dynamic imaging can quantifyT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ and metabolism in a single integrated acquisition. Clear differences were observed in theT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of metabolites and in their behavior throughout the timecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Di Cui
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhen J Wang
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Guglielmetti C, Cordano C, Najac C, Green AJ, Chaumeil MM. Imaging immunomodulatory treatment responses in a multiple sclerosis mouse model using hyperpolarized 13C metabolic MRI. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:71. [PMID: 37217574 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the ability of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including T1 contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI, to monitor high-efficacy therapies and predict long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been challenged. Therefore, non-invasive methods to improve MS lesions detection and monitor therapy response are needed. METHODS We studied the combined cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CPZ-EAE) mouse model of MS, which presents inflammatory-mediated demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system as commonly seen in MS patients. Using hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopy (MRS) metabolic imaging, we measured cerebral metabolic fluxes in control, CPZ-EAE and CPZ-EAE mice treated with two clinically-relevant therapies, namely fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate. We also acquired conventional T1 CE MRI to detect active lesions, and performed ex vivo measurements of enzyme activities and immunofluorescence analyses of brain tissue. Last, we evaluated associations between imaging and ex vivo parameters. RESULTS We show that hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate conversion to lactate is increased in the brain of untreated CPZ-EAE mice when compared to the control, reflecting immune cell activation. We further demonstrate that this metabolic conversion is significantly decreased in response to the two treatments. This reduction can be explained by increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and a decrease in immune cells. Importantly, we show that hyperpolarized 13C MRS detects dimethyl fumarate therapy, whereas conventional T1 CE MRI cannot. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, hyperpolarized MRS metabolic imaging of [1-13C]pyruvate detects immunological responses to disease-modifying therapies in MS. This technique is complementary to conventional MRI and provides unique information on neuroinflammation and its modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Guglielmetti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christian Cordano
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ari J Green
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Meng Y, Sun J, Zhang G, Yu T, Piao H. Imaging glucose metabolism to reveal tumor progression. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1103354. [PMID: 36818450 PMCID: PMC9932271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze and review the progress of glucose metabolism-based molecular imaging in detecting tumors to guide clinicians for new management strategies. Summary: When metabolic abnormalities occur, termed the Warburg effect, it simultaneously enables excessive cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis. Molecular imaging technology combines molecular biology and cell probe technology to visualize, characterize, and quantify processes at cellular and subcellular levels in vivo. Modern instruments, including molecular biochemistry, data processing, nanotechnology, and image processing, use molecular probes to perform real-time, non-invasive imaging of molecular and cellular events in living organisms. Conclusion: Molecular imaging is a non-invasive method for live detection, dynamic observation, and quantitative assessment of tumor glucose metabolism. It enables in-depth examination of the connection between the tumor microenvironment and tumor growth, providing a reliable assessment technique for scientific and clinical research. This new technique will facilitate the translation of fundamental research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Image, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Tao Yu, ; Haozhe Piao,
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Tao Yu, ; Haozhe Piao,
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Poplawski P, Alseekh S, Jankowska U, Skupien-Rabian B, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Kossowska H, Fogtman A, Rybicka B, Bogusławska J, Adamiok-Ostrowska A, Hanusek K, Hanusek J, Koblowska M, Fernie AR, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Coordinated reprogramming of renal cancer transcriptome, metabolome and secretome associates with immune tumor infiltration. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:2. [PMID: 36604669 PMCID: PMC9814214 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cancer. The molecules (proteins, metabolites) secreted by tumors affect their extracellular milieu to support cancer progression. If secreted in amounts detectable in plasma, these molecules can also serve as useful, minimal invasive biomarkers. The knowledge of ccRCC tumor microenvironment is fragmentary. In particular, the links between ccRCC transcriptome and the composition of extracellular milieu are weakly understood. In this study, we hypothesized that ccRCC transcriptome is reprogrammed to support alterations in tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed ccRCC extracellular proteomes and metabolomes as well as transcriptomes of ccRCC cells to find molecules contributing to renal tumor microenvironment. METHODS Proteomic and metabolomics analysis of conditioned media isolated from normal kidney cells as well as five ccRCC cell lines was performed using mass spectrometry, with the following ELISA validation. Transcriptomic analysis was done using microarray analysis and validated using real-time PCR. Independent transcriptomic and proteomic datasets of ccRCC tumors were used for the analysis of gene and protein expression as well as the level of the immune infiltration. RESULTS Renal cancer secretome contained 85 proteins detectable in human plasma, consistently altered in all five tested ccRCC cell lines. The top upregulated extracellular proteins included SPARC, STC2, SERPINE1, TGFBI, while downregulated included transferrin and DPP7. The most affected extracellular metabolites were increased 4-hydroxy-proline, succinic acid, cysteine, lactic acid and downregulated glutamine. These changes were associated with altered expression of genes encoding the secreted proteins (SPARC, SERPINE1, STC2, DPP7), membrane transporters (SLC16A4, SLC6A20, ABCA12), and genes involved in protein trafficking and secretion (KIF20A, ANXA3, MIA2, PCSK5, SLC9A3R1, SYTL3, and WNTA7). Analogous expression changes were found in ccRCC tumors. The expression of SPARC predicted the infiltration of ccRCC tumors with endothelial cells. Analysis of the expression of the 85 secretome genes in > 12,000 tumors revealed that SPARC is a PanCancer indicator of cancer-associated fibroblasts' infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic reprogramming of ccRCC supports the changes in an extracellular milieu which are associated with immune infiltration. The proteins identified in our study represent valuable cancer biomarkers detectable in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Poplawski
- grid.414852.e0000 0001 2205 7719Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- grid.418390.70000 0004 0491 976XMax-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.510916.a0000 0004 9334 5103Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bozena Skupien-Rabian
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helena Kossowska
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rybicka
- grid.414852.e0000 0001 2205 7719Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- grid.414852.e0000 0001 2205 7719Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Adamiok-Ostrowska
- grid.414852.e0000 0001 2205 7719Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Hanusek
- grid.414852.e0000 0001 2205 7719Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Hanusek
- grid.414852.e0000 0001 2205 7719Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Koblowska
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- grid.418390.70000 0004 0491 976XMax-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.510916.a0000 0004 9334 5103Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- grid.414852.e0000 0001 2205 7719Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Theillet FX, Luchinat E. In-cell NMR: Why and how? PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 132-133:1-112. [PMID: 36496255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has been applied to cells and tissues analysis since its beginnings, as early as 1950. We have attempted to gather here in a didactic fashion the broad diversity of data and ideas that emerged from NMR investigations on living cells. Covering a large proportion of the periodic table, NMR spectroscopy permits scrutiny of a great variety of atomic nuclei in all living organisms non-invasively. It has thus provided quantitative information on cellular atoms and their chemical environment, dynamics, or interactions. We will show that NMR studies have generated valuable knowledge on a vast array of cellular molecules and events, from water, salts, metabolites, cell walls, proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and drug targets, to pH, redox equilibria and chemical reactions. The characterization of such a multitude of objects at the atomic scale has thus shaped our mental representation of cellular life at multiple levels, together with major techniques like mass-spectrometry or microscopies. NMR studies on cells has accompanied the developments of MRI and metabolomics, and various subfields have flourished, coined with appealing names: fluxomics, foodomics, MRI and MRS (i.e. imaging and localized spectroscopy of living tissues, respectively), whole-cell NMR, on-cell ligand-based NMR, systems NMR, cellular structural biology, in-cell NMR… All these have not grown separately, but rather by reinforcing each other like a braided trunk. Hence, we try here to provide an analytical account of a large ensemble of intricately linked approaches, whose integration has been and will be key to their success. We present extensive overviews, firstly on the various types of information provided by NMR in a cellular environment (the "why", oriented towards a broad readership), and secondly on the employed NMR techniques and setups (the "how", where we discuss the past, current and future methods). Each subsection is constructed as a historical anthology, showing how the intrinsic properties of NMR spectroscopy and its developments structured the accessible knowledge on cellular phenomena. Using this systematic approach, we sought i) to make this review accessible to the broadest audience and ii) to highlight some early techniques that may find renewed interest. Finally, we present a brief discussion on what may be potential and desirable developments in the context of integrative studies in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, and Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Wei Y, Yang C, Jiang H, Li Q, Che F, Wan S, Yao S, Gao F, Zhang T, Wang J, Song B. Multi-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: state of the art and future directions. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:135. [PMID: 35976510 PMCID: PMC9382599 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of heteronuclear fluorine, sodium, phosphorus, and other probes and imaging technologies as well as the optimization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment and sequences, multi-nuclear magnetic resonance (multi-NMR) has enabled localize molecular activities in vivo that are central to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative pathologies, metabolic diseases, kidney, and tumor, to shift from the traditional morphological imaging to the molecular imaging, precision diagnosis, and treatment mode. However, due to the low natural abundance and low gyromagnetic ratios, the clinical application of multi-NMR has been hampered. Several techniques have been developed to amplify the NMR sensitivity such as the dynamic nuclear polarization, spin-exchange optical pumping, and brute-force polarization. Meanwhile, a wide range of nuclei can be hyperpolarized, such as 2H, 3He, 13C, 15 N, 31P, and 129Xe. The signal can be increased and allows real-time observation of biological perfusion, metabolite transport, and metabolic reactions in vivo, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional magnetic resonance of low sensitivity. HP-NMR imaging of different nuclear substrates provides a unique opportunity and invention to map the metabolic changes in various organs without invasive procedures. This review aims to focus on the recent applications of multi-NMR technology not only in a range of preliminary animal experiments but also in various disease spectrum in human. Furthermore, we will discuss the future challenges and opportunities of this multi-NMR from a clinical perspective, in the hope of truly bridging the gap between cutting-edge molecular biology and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiwei Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Che
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Wan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China.
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Sushentsev N, McLean MA, Warren AY, Benjamin AJV, Brodie C, Frary A, Gill AB, Jones J, Kaggie JD, Lamb BW, Locke MJ, Miller JL, Mills IG, Priest AN, Robb FJL, Shah N, Schulte RF, Graves MJ, Gnanapragasam VJ, Brindle KM, Barrett T, Gallagher FA. Hyperpolarised 13C-MRI identifies the emergence of a glycolytic cell population within intermediate-risk human prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:466. [PMID: 35075123 PMCID: PMC8786834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarised magnetic resonance imaging (HP 13C-MRI) is an emerging clinical technique to detect [1-13C]lactate production in prostate cancer (PCa) following intravenous injection of hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate. Here we differentiate clinically significant PCa from indolent disease in a low/intermediate-risk population by correlating [1-13C]lactate labelling on MRI with the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 (%GP4) disease. Using immunohistochemistry and spatial transcriptomics, we show that HP 13C-MRI predominantly measures metabolism in the epithelial compartment of the tumour, rather than the stroma. MRI-derived tumour [1-13C]lactate labelling correlated with epithelial mRNA expression of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA and LDHB combined), and the ratio of lactate transporter expression between the epithelial and stromal compartments (epithelium-to-stroma MCT4). We observe similar changes in MCT4, LDHA, and LDHB between tumours with primary Gleason patterns 3 and 4 in an independent TCGA cohort. Therefore, HP 13C-MRI can metabolically phenotype clinically significant disease based on underlying metabolic differences in the epithelial and stromal tumour compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sushentsev
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnold J V Benjamin
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cara Brodie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Frary
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew B Gill
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin W Lamb
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Locke
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew N Priest
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nimish Shah
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tristan Barrett
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Ursprung S, Woitek R, McLean MA, Priest AN, Crispin-Ortuzar M, Brodie CR, Gill AB, Gehrung M, Beer L, Riddick ACP, Field-Rayner J, Grist JT, Deen SS, Riemer F, Kaggie JD, Zaccagna F, Duarte JAG, Locke MJ, Frary A, Aho TF, Armitage JN, Casey R, Mendichovszky IA, Welsh SJ, Barrett T, Graves MJ, Eisen T, Mitchell TJ, Warren AY, Brindle KM, Sala E, Stewart GD, Gallagher FA. Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate Metabolism as a Surrogate for Tumor Grade and Poor Outcome in Renal Cell Carcinoma-A Proof of Principle Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:335. [PMID: 35053497 PMCID: PMC8773685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiating aggressive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from indolent lesions is challenging using conventional imaging. This work prospectively compared the metabolic imaging phenotype of renal tumors using carbon-13 MRI following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate (HP-13C-MRI) and validated these findings with histopathology. Nine patients with treatment-naïve renal tumors (6 ccRCCs, 1 liposarcoma, 1 pheochromocytoma, 1 oncocytoma) underwent pre-operative HP-13C-MRI and conventional proton (1H) MRI. Multi-regional tissue samples were collected using patient-specific 3D-printed tumor molds for spatial registration between imaging and molecular analysis. The apparent exchange rate constant (kPL) between 13C-pyruvate and 13C-lactate was calculated. Immunohistochemistry for the pyruvate transporter (MCT1) from 44 multi-regional samples, as well as associations between MCT1 expression and outcome in the TCGA-KIRC dataset, were investigated. Increasing kPL in ccRCC was correlated with increasing overall tumor grade (ρ = 0.92, p = 0.009) and MCT1 expression (r = 0.89, p = 0.016), with similar results acquired from the multi-regional analysis. Conventional 1H-MRI parameters did not discriminate tumor grades. The correlation between MCT1 and ccRCC grade was confirmed within a TCGA dataset (p < 0.001), where MCT1 expression was a predictor of overall and disease-free survival. In conclusion, metabolic imaging using HP-13C-MRI differentiates tumor aggressiveness in ccRCC and correlates with the expression of MCT1, a predictor of survival. HP-13C-MRI may non-invasively characterize metabolic phenotypes within renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ursprung
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Mary A. McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Andrew N. Priest
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Mireia Crispin-Ortuzar
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Cara R. Brodie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Andrew B. Gill
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Marcel Gehrung
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Lucian Beer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Antony C. P. Riddick
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.C.P.R.); (T.F.A.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Johanna Field-Rayner
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - James T. Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Surrin S. Deen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Frank Riemer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Joshua D. Kaggie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Fulvio Zaccagna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Joao A. G. Duarte
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Matthew J. Locke
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Amy Frary
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Tevita F. Aho
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.C.P.R.); (T.F.A.); (J.N.A.)
| | - James N. Armitage
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.C.P.R.); (T.F.A.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Ruth Casey
- Department of Endocrinology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Iosif A. Mendichovszky
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Sarah J. Welsh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tristan Barrett
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Martin J. Graves
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Tim Eisen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas J. Mitchell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.C.P.R.); (T.F.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Anne Y. Warren
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Evis Sala
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Grant D. Stewart
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.C.P.R.); (T.F.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (S.U.); (R.W.); (M.A.M.); (M.C.-O.); (C.R.B.); (A.B.G.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (J.F.-R.); (S.S.D.); (F.R.); (J.D.K.); (F.Z.); (J.A.G.D.); (M.J.L.); (A.F.); (I.A.M.); (S.J.W.); (T.B.); (T.E.); (T.J.M.); (A.Y.W.); (K.M.B.); (E.S.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.N.P.); (J.T.G.)
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Stewart NJ, Sato T, Takeda N, Hirata H, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Imaging Tissue Redox State, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:81-94. [PMID: 34218688 PMCID: PMC8792501 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-labeled redox-sensitive metabolic tracers can provide noninvasive functional imaging biomarkers, reflecting tissue redox state, oxidative stress, and inflammation, among others. The capability to use endogenous metabolites as 13C-enriched imaging tracers without structural modification makes HP 13C MRI a promising tool to evaluate redox state in patients with various diseases. Recent Advances: Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled tracers polarized by parahydrogen-induced polarization techniques, which offer a cost-effective alternative to the more widely used dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-based hyperpolarizers. Critical Issues: Although the fluxes of many metabolic pathways reflect the change in tissue redox state, they are not functionally specific. In the present review, we summarize recent challenges in the development of specific 13C metabolic tracers for biomarkers of redox state, including that for detecting reactive oxygen species. Future Directions: Applications of HP 13C metabolic MRI to evaluate redox state have only just begun to be investigated. The possibility to gain a comprehensive understanding of the correlations between tissue redox potential and metabolism under different pathological conditions by using HP 13C MRI is promoting its interest in the clinical arena, along with its noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate the extent of disease and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Gender-Specific Metabolomics Approach to Kidney Cancer. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110767. [PMID: 34822425 PMCID: PMC8624667 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney malignancy. RCC is more common among men with a 2/1 male/female incidence ratio worldwide. Given the underlying epidemiological differences in the RCC incidence between males and females, we explored the gender specific 1H NMR serum metabolic profiles of RCC patients and their matched controls. A number of differential metabolites were shared by male and female RCC patients. These RCC specific changes included lower lactate, threonine, histidine, and choline levels together with increased levels of pyruvate, N-acetylated glycoproteins, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and lysine. Additionally, serum lactate/pyruvate ratio was a strong predictor of RCC status regardless of gender. Although only moderate changes in metabolic profiles were observed between control males and females there were substantial gender related differences among RCC patients. Gender specific metabolic features associated with RCC status were identified suggesting that different metabolic panels could be leveraged for a more precise diagnostic.
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Retter A, Gong F, Syer T, Singh S, Adeleke S, Punwani S. Emerging methods for prostate cancer imaging: evaluating cancer structure and metabolic alterations more clearly. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2565-2579. [PMID: 34328279 PMCID: PMC8486595 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging plays a fundamental role in all aspects of the cancer management pathway. However, conventional imaging techniques are largely reliant on morphological and size descriptors that have well-known limitations, particularly when considering targeted-therapy response monitoring. Thus, new imaging methods have been developed to characterise cancer and are now routinely implemented, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhancement, positron emission technology (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. However, despite the improvement these techniques have enabled, limitations still remain. Novel imaging methods are now emerging, intent on further interrogating cancers. These techniques are at different stages of maturity along the biomarker pathway and aim to further evaluate the cancer microstructure (vascular, extracellular and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumours) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), luminal water fraction imaging] as well as the metabolic alterations associated with cancers (novel PET tracers, hyperpolarised MRI). Finally, the use of machine learning has shown powerful potential applications. By using prostate cancer as an exemplar, this Review aims to showcase these potentially potent imaging techniques and what stage we are at in their application to conventional clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Syer
- UCL Centre for Medical ImagingLondonUK
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13
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Tang S, Meng MV, Slater JB, Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Stohr BA, Larson PEZ, Wang ZJ. Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal tumors-Initial experience. Cancer 2021; 127:2693-2704. [PMID: 33844280 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatment selection for localized renal tumors is challenging because of their variable biologic behavior and limitations in the preoperative assessment of tumor aggressiveness. The authors investigated the emerging hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to noninvasively assess tumor lactate production, which is strongly associated with tumor aggressiveness. METHODS Eleven patients with renal tumors underwent HP 13 C pyruvate MRI before surgical resection. Tumor 13 C pyruvate and 13 C lactate images were acquired dynamically. Five patients underwent 2 scans on the same day to assess the intrapatient reproducibility of HP 13 C pyruvate MRI. Tumor metabolic data were compared with histopathology findings. RESULTS Eight patients had tumors with a sufficient metabolite signal-to-noise ratio for analysis; an insufficient tumor signal-to-noise ratio was noted in 2 patients, likely caused by poor tumor perfusion and, in 1 patient, because of technical errors. Of the 8 patients, 3 had high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), 3 had low-grade ccRCC, and 2 had chromophobe RCC. There was a trend toward a higher lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in high-grade ccRCCs compared with low-grade ccRCCs. Both chromophobe RCCs had relatively high lactate-to-pyruvate ratios. Good reproducibility was noted across the 5 patients who underwent 2 HP 13 C pyruvate MRI scans on the same day. CONCLUSIONS The current results demonstrate the feasibility of HP 13 C pyruvate MRI for investigating the metabolic phenotype of localized renal tumors. The initial data indicate good reproducibility of metabolite measurements. In addition, the metabolic data indicate a trend toward differentiating low-grade and high-grade ccRCCs, the most common subtype of renal cancer. LAY SUMMARY Renal tumors are frequently discovered incidentally because of the increased use of medical imaging, but it is challenging to identify which aggressive tumors should be treated. A new metabolic imaging technique was applied to noninvasively predict renal tumor aggressiveness. The imaging results were compared with tumor samples taken during surgery and showed a trend toward differentiating between low-grade and high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas, which are the most common type of renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Maxwell V Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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14
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Nguyen NT, Bae EH, Do LN, Nguyen TA, Park I, Shin SS. In Vivo Assessment of Metabolic Abnormality in Alport Syndrome Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C] Pyruvate MR Spectroscopic Imaging. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040222. [PMID: 33917329 PMCID: PMC8067337 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport Syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired kidney function. The development of a noninvasive tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of renal function during disease progression is of clinical importance. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is an emerging technique that enables non-invasive, real-time measurement of in vivo metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using this technique for assessing changes in renal metabolism in the mouse model of AS. Mice with AS demonstrated a significant reduction in the level of lactate from 4- to 7-week-old, while the levels of lactate were unchanged in the control mice over time. This reduction in lactate production in the AS group accompanied a significant increase of PEPCK expression levels, indicating that the disease progression in AS triggered the gluconeogenic pathway and might have resulted in a decreased lactate pool size and a subsequent reduction in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. Additional metabolic imaging parameters, including the level of lactate and pyruvate, were found to be different between the AS and control groups. These preliminary results suggest that hyperpolarized 13C MRI might provide a potential noninvasive tool for the characterization of disease progression in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Trong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Eun-Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Luu-Ngoc Do
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Tien-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
| | - Sang-Soo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
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15
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Stewart NJ, Matsumoto S. Biomedical Applications of the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Parahydrogen Induced Polarization Techniques for Hyperpolarized 13C MR Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2021; 20:1-17. [PMID: 31902907 PMCID: PMC7952198 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2019-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first pioneering report of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Warburg effect in prostate cancer patients, clinical dissemination of the technique has been rapid; close to 10 sites worldwide now possess a polarizer fit for the clinic, and more than 30 clinical trials, predominantly for oncological applications, are already registered on the US and European clinical trials databases. Hyperpolarized 13C probes to study pathophysiological processes beyond the Warburg effect, including tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, intra-cellular pH and cellular necrosis have also been demonstrated in the preclinical arena and are pending clinical translation, and the simultaneous injection of multiple co-polarized agents is opening the door to high-sensitivity, multi-functional molecular MRI with a single dose. Here, we review the biomedical applications to date of the two polarization methods that have been used for in vivo hyperpolarized 13C molecular MRI; namely, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen-induced polarization. The basic concept of hyperpolarization and the fundamental theory underpinning these two key 13C hyperpolarization methods, along with recent technological advances that have facilitated biomedical realization, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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16
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Yoo A, Lee H, Jung J, Koh SS, Lee S. Monocarboxylate transporter 9 (MCT9) is down-regulated in renal cell carcinoma. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:351-359. [PMID: 33555501 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidences are continuously increasing, however, their proper characterization remains difficult. Mammalian kidneys require large amounts of energy, and monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) gene family is responsible for the transport of monocarboxylic compounds across plasma membranes. OBJECTIVE A total of 14 MCT members have been identified in humans, which show highly distinct substrate affinities and tissue distributions. To understand the yet-uncharacterized renal cancer-specific role of MCTs, we identified MCT members that are differentially regulated during the renal tumor progression. METHODS We examined the expression level of MCT members in renal cell tumors and their relationship with survival rate of patients using a public database. Quantitative RT-PCR and northern blotting were performed to validate the expression of MCTs. Anti-MCT9 antiserum was raised in rabbit and used to examine MCT9 expression in normal and tumor tissue arrays. Effect of MCT9 overexpression on cell proliferation was measured using renal cancer cell lines. RESULTS MCT9 was found to be abundantly and exclusively expressed in human kidney cells, and was highly downregulated in renal cancers. Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis revealed an increased survival rate of MCT9 high-expressing RCC patients. MCT9 proteins were detected in normal kidney tissue sections and their overexpression clearly attenuated renal cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS MCT9 was identified as a novel highly downregulated gene in renal cell cancer, and its overexpression clearly attenuated RCC cell proliferation. Thus, functional analysis of MCT9 may help in deciphering a yet-undiscovered kidney-specific energy metabolism during renal tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Tumor Microenvironment Biosensors for Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:323-334. [PMID: 33415679 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization (HP) of a carbon-13 molecule via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) involves polarization at low temperature, followed by a dissolution procedure producing a solution with highly polarized spins at room temperature. This dissolution DNP method significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) over 10,000-fold and facilitates the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to image not only metabolism but also the extracellular microenvironment. The extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME) closely interacts with tumor cells and stimulates their growth and metastasis. Thus, the ability to detect pathological changes in the TME is pivotal for the detection and study of cancers. This review highlights the potential use of MRS to study features of the TME-elevated export of lactate, reduced interstitial pH, imbalanced redox equilibrium, and altered metal homeostasis. The promising outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo assays suggest that DNP-MRS may be a useful technique to study aspects of the TME. With continued improvements, this tool has the potential to study the TME and provide guidance for accurate patient stratification and precise personal therapy. Graphical Abstract.
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Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate-to-[1- 13C]lactate conversion is rate-limited by monocarboxylate transporter-1 in the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22378-22389. [PMID: 32839325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003537117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a noninvasive metabolic-imaging modality that probes carbon flux in tissues and infers the state of metabolic reprograming in tumors. Prevailing models attribute elevated hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate conversion rates in aggressive tumors to enhanced glycolytic flux and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) activity (Warburg effect). By contrast, we find by cross-sectional analysis using genetic and pharmacological tools in mechanistic studies applied to well-defined genetically engineered cell lines and tumors that initial hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate conversion rates as well as global conversion were highly dependent on and critically rate-limited by the transmembrane influx of [1-13C]pyruvate mediated predominately by monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1). Specifically, in a cell-encapsulated alginate bead model, induced short hairpin (shRNA) knockdown or overexpression of MCT1 quantitatively inhibited or enhanced, respectively, unidirectional pyruvate influxes and [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate conversion rates, independent of glycolysis or LDHA activity. Similarly, in tumor models in vivo, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate conversion was highly dependent on and critically rate-limited by the induced transmembrane influx of [1-13C]pyruvate mediated by MCT1. Thus, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI measures primarily MCT1-mediated [1-13C]pyruvate transmembrane influx in vivo, not glycolytic flux or LDHA activity, driving a reinterpretation of this maturing new technology during clinical translation. Indeed, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for patients with pancreatic, renal, lung, and cervical cancers showed that high-level expression of MCT1 correlated with poor overall survival, and only in selected tumors, coincident with LDHA expression. Thus, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI provides a noninvasive functional assessment primarily of MCT1 as a clinical biomarker in relevant patient populations.
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19
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Elevated Tumor Lactate and Efflux in High-grade Prostate Cancer demonstrated by Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Prostate Tissue Slice Cultures. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030537. [PMID: 32110965 PMCID: PMC7139946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive assessment of the biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) is needed for men with localized disease. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is a powerful approach to image metabolism, specifically the conversion of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Significant increase in tumor lactate was measured in high-grade PCa relative to benign and low-grade cancer, suggesting that HP 13C MR could distinguish low-risk (Gleason score ≤3 + 4) from high-risk (Gleason score ≥4 + 3) PCa. To test this and the ability of HP 13C MR to detect these metabolic changes, we cultured prostate tissues in an MR-compatible bioreactor under continuous perfusion. 31P spectra demonstrated good viability and dynamic HP 13C-pyruvate MR demonstrated that high-grade PCa had significantly increased lactate efflux compared to low-grade PCa and benign prostate tissue. These metabolic differences are attributed to significantly increased LDHA expression and LDH activity, as well as significantly increased monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression in high- versus low- grade PCa. Moreover, lactate efflux, LDH activity, and MCT4 expression were not different between low-grade PCa and benign prostate tissues, indicating that these metabolic alterations are specific for high-grade disease. These distinctive metabolic alterations can be used to differentiate high-grade PCa from low-grade PCa and benign prostate tissues using clinically translatable HP [1-13C]pyruvate MR.
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20
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Mammoli D, Gordon J, Autry A, Larson PEZ, Li Y, Chen HY, Chung B, Shin P, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Slater JB, Bok R, Crane J, Xu D, Chang S, Vigneron DB. Kinetic Modeling of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate Metabolism in the Human Brain. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:320-327. [PMID: 31283497 PMCID: PMC6939147 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2926437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic modeling of the in vivo pyruvate-to-lactate conversion is crucial to investigating aberrant cancer metabolism that demonstrates Warburg effect modifications. Non-invasive detection of alterations to metabolic flux might offer prognostic value and improve the monitoring of response to treatment. In this clinical research project, hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate was intravenously injected in a total of 10 brain tumor patients to measure its rate of conversion to lactate ( kPL ) and bicarbonate ( kPB ) via echo-planar imaging. Our aim was to investigate new methods to provide kPL and kPB maps with whole-brain coverage. The approach was data-driven and addressed two main issues: selecting the optimal model for fitting our data and determining an appropriate goodness-of-fit metric. The statistical analysis suggested that an input-less model had the best agreement with the data. It was also found that selecting voxels based on post-fitting error criteria provided improved precision and wider spatial coverage compared to using signal-to-noise cutoffs alone.
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21
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Gallagher FA, Woitek R, McLean MA, Gill AB, Manzano Garcia R, Provenzano E, Riemer F, Kaggie J, Chhabra A, Ursprung S, Grist JT, Daniels CJ, Zaccagna F, Laurent MC, Locke M, Hilborne S, Frary A, Torheim T, Boursnell C, Schiller A, Patterson I, Slough R, Carmo B, Kane J, Biggs H, Harrison E, Deen SS, Patterson A, Lanz T, Kingsbury Z, Ross M, Basu B, Baird R, Lomas DJ, Sala E, Wason J, Rueda OM, Chin SF, Wilkinson IB, Graves MJ, Abraham JE, Gilbert FJ, Caldas C, Brindle KM. Imaging breast cancer using hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2092-2098. [PMID: 31964840 PMCID: PMC6995024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913841117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose is to investigate the feasibility of imaging tumor metabolism in breast cancer patients using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of hyperpolarized 13C label exchange between injected [1-13C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool. Treatment-naïve breast cancer patients were recruited: four triple-negative grade 3 cancers; two invasive ductal carcinomas that were estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive (ER/PR+) and HER2/neu-negative (HER2-), one grade 2 and one grade 3; and one grade 2 ER/PR+ HER2- invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Dynamic 13C MRSI was performed following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which catalyzes 13C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1α), and the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 were quantified using immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing. We have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of hyperpolarized 13C MRI in early breast cancer. Both intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity of the hyperpolarized pyruvate and lactate signals were observed. The lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio (LAC/PYR) ranged from 0.021 to 0.473 across the tumor subtypes (mean ± SD: 0.145 ± 0.164), and a lactate signal was observed in all of the grade 3 tumors. The LAC/PYR was significantly correlated with tumor volume (R = 0.903, P = 0.005) and MCT 1 (R = 0.85, P = 0.032) and HIF1α expression (R = 0.83, P = 0.043). Imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism in breast cancer is feasible and demonstrated significant intertumoral and intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity, where lactate labeling correlated with MCT1 expression and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom;
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Gill
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Manzano Garcia
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Chhabra
- Pharmacy Department, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Ursprung
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie J Daniels
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Locke
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hilborne
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Frary
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Turid Torheim
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Boursnell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ilse Patterson
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Slough
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Carmo
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Justine Kane
- Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Biggs
- Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Harrison
- Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Surrin S Deen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Patterson
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Titus Lanz
- RAPID Biomedical GmbH, 97222 Rimpar, Germany
| | - Zoya Kingsbury
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DF, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ross
- Medical Genomics Research, Illumina, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DF, United Kingdom
| | - Bristi Basu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Baird
- Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David J Lomas
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Evis Sala
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - James Wason
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean E Abraham
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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22
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Targeting uptake transporters for cancer imaging and treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:79-90. [PMID: 31993308 PMCID: PMC6977162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their gene expression to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and invasiveness. The unique expression of certain uptake transporters in cancers and their innate function to concentrate small molecular substrates in cells make them ideal targets for selective delivering imaging and therapeutic agents into cancer cells. In this review, we focus on several solute carrier (SLC) transporters known to be involved in transporting clinically used radiopharmaceutical agents into cancer cells, including the sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), norepinephrine transporter (NET), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The molecular and functional characteristics of these transporters are reviewed with special emphasis on their specific expressions in cancers and interaction with imaging or theranostic agents [e.g., I-123, I-131, 123I-iobenguane (mIBG), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 13C pyruvate]. Current clinical applications and research areas of these transporters in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Finally, we offer our views on emerging opportunities and challenges in targeting transporters for cancer imaging and treatment. By analyzing the few clinically successful examples, we hope much interest can be garnered in cancer research towards uptake transporters and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Key Words
- CT, computed tomography
- Cancer imaging
- DDI, drug–drug interaction
- DTC, differentiated thyroid cancer
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administrations
- FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose
- GLUT, glucose transporter
- IAEA, the International Atomic Energy Agency
- LACC, locally advanced cervical cancer
- LAT, large amino acid transporter
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporter
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NE, norepinephrine
- NET, norepinephrine transporter
- NIS, sodium/iodine symporter
- Neuroblastoma
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PHEO, pheochromocytoma
- RA, retinoic acid
- RET, rearranged during transfection
- SLC, solute carrier
- SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- TFB, tetrafluoroborate
- TSH, thyroid stimulating hormones
- Thyroid cancer
- Uptake transporter
- Warburg effect
- mIBG
- mIBG, iobenguane/meta-iodobenzylguanidine
- vHL, von Hippel-Lindau
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23
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Gupta A, Nath K, Bansal N, Kumar M. Role of metabolomics-derived biomarkers to identify renal cell carcinoma: a comprehensive perspective of the past ten years and advancements. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:5-18. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1704259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gupta
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pheladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Navneeta Bansal
- Department of Urology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Urology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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24
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Korenchan DE, Bok R, Sriram R, Liu K, Santos RD, Qin H, Lobach I, Korn N, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J, Flavell RR. Hyperpolarized in vivo pH imaging reveals grade-dependent acidification in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6096-6110. [PMID: 31692908 PMCID: PMC6817439 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for new and robust imaging biomarkers to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Hallmarks of aggressive tumors such as a decrease in extracellular pH (pHe) can potentially be used to identify aggressive phenotypes. In this study, we employ an optimized, high signal-to-noise ratio hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pHe imaging method to discriminate between indolent and aggressive disease in a murine model of prostate cancer. Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice underwent a multiparametric MR imaging exam, including HP [13C] bicarbonate MRI for pHe, with 1H apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping and HP [1-13C] pyruvate MRI to study lactate metabolism. Tumor tissue was excised for histological staining and qRT-PCR to quantify mRNA expression for relevant glycolytic enzymes and transporters. We observed good separation in pHe between low- and high-grade tumor regions, with high-grade tumors demonstrating a lower pHe. The pHe also correlated strongly with monocarboxylate transporter Mct4 gene expression across all tumors, suggesting that lactate export via MCT4 is associated with acidification in this model. Our results implicate extracellular acidification as an indicator of indolent-to-aggressive transition in prostate cancer and suggest feasibility of HP pHe imaging to detect high-grade, clinically significant disease in men as part of a multiparametric MRI examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Liu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Korn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Penet MF, Shah T, Wildes F, Krishnamachary B, Bharti SK, Pacheco-Torres J, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. MRI and MRS of intact perfused cancer cell metabolism, invasion, and stromal cell interactions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4053. [PMID: 30693605 PMCID: PMC6661227 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of cancers, technologies to investigate cancer cells and the consequences of their interactions with abnormal physiological environments, such as hypoxia and acidic extracellular pH, with stromal cells, and with the extracellular matrix, under controlled conditions, are valuable to gain insights into the functioning of cancers. These insights can lead to an understanding of why cancers invade and metastasize, and identify effective treatment strategies. Here we have provided an overview of the applications of MRI/MRS/MRSI to investigate intact perfused cancer cells, their metabolism and invasion, and their interactions with stromal cells and the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tariq Shah
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Santosh K. Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Correspondence to: Zaver M. Bhujwalla, PhD, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA, Phone: +1 (410) 955 9698 | Fax: +1 (410) 614 1948,
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27
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Graybiel CE, Flavell RR, Wang ZJ, Behr SC. Molecular Imaging of Renal Malignancy: A Review. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-019-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Wang ZJ, Ohliger MA, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Slater J, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Hess CP, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions. Radiology 2019; 291:273-284. [PMID: 30835184 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon 13 (13C) MRI is an emerging molecular imaging method that allows rapid, noninvasive, and pathway-specific investigation of dynamic metabolic and physiologic processes that were previously inaccessible to imaging. This technique has enabled real-time in vivo investigations of metabolism that are central to a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic diseases of the liver and kidney. This review provides an overview of the methods of hyperpolarization and 13C probes investigated to date in preclinical models of disease. The article then discusses the progress that has been made in translating this technology for clinical investigation. In particular, the potential roles and emerging clinical applications of HP [1-13C]pyruvate MRI will be highlighted. The future directions to enable the adoption of this technology to advance the basic understanding of metabolism, to improve disease diagnosis, and to accelerate treatment assessment are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen J Wang
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Robert A Bok
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - James Slater
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christopher P Hess
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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29
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Radoul M, Najac C, Viswanath P, Mukherjee J, Kelly M, Gillespie AM, Chaumeil MM, Eriksson P, Santos RD, Pieper RO, Ronen SM. HDAC inhibition in glioblastoma monitored by hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4044. [PMID: 30561869 PMCID: PMC6545173 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in solid tumors, and is in clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). The goal of this study was to assess whether hyperpolarized 13 C MRS and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) can detect HDAC inhibition in GBM models. First, we confirmed HDAC inhibition in U87 GBM cells and evaluated real-time dynamic metabolic changes using a bioreactor system with live vorinostat-treated or control cells. We found a significant 40% decrease in the 13 C MRS-detectable ratio of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]lactate to hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate, [1-13 C]Lac/Pyr, and a 37% decrease in the pseudo-rate constant, kPL , for hyperpolarized [1-13 C]lactate production, in vorinostat-treated cells compared with controls. To understand the underlying mechanism for this finding, we assessed the expression and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (which catalyzes the pyruvate to lactate conversion), its associated cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, the expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) MCT1 and MCT4 (which shuttle pyruvate and lactate in and out of the cell) and intracellular lactate levels. We found that the most likely explanation for our finding that hyperpolarized lactate is reduced in treated cells is a 30% reduction in intracellular lactate levels that occurs as a result of increased expression of both MCT1 and MCT4 in vorinostat-treated cells. In vivo 13 C MRSI studies of orthotopic tumors in mice also showed a significant 52% decrease in hyperpolarized [1-13 C]Lac/Pyr when comparing vorinostat-treated U87 GBM tumors with controls, and, as in the cell studies, this metabolic finding was associated with increased MCT1 and MCT4 expression in HDAC-inhibited tumors. Thus, the 13 C MRSI-detectable decrease in hyperpolarized [1-13 C]lactate production could serve as a biomarker of response to HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Myriam M. Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science and Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Pia Eriksson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Russell O. Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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30
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Kirpich A, Ragavan M, Bankson JA, McIntyre LM, Merritt ME. Kinetic Analysis of Hepatic Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized Dihydroxyacetone. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:605-614. [PMID: 30602117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance (HP-MR) is a new metabolic imaging method the does not use ionizing radiation. Due to the inherent chemical specificity of MR, not only tracer uptake but also downstream metabolism of the agent is detected in a straightforward manner. HP [2-13C] dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a promising new agent that directly interrogates hepatic glucose metabolism. DHA has three metabolic fates in the liver: glucose production, glycerol production and potential inclusion into triglycerides, and oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each pathway is regulated by flux through multiple enzymes. Using Duhamel's formula, the kinetics of DHA metabolism is modeled, resulting in estimates of specific reaction rate constants. The multiple enzymatic steps that control DHA metabolism make more simplified methods for extracting kinetic data less than satisfactory. The described modeling paradigm effectively identifies changes in metabolism between gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic models of hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kirpich
- Department of Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Informatics Institute , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Mukundan Ragavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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31
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Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Bankson JA, Brindle K, Cunningham CH, Gallagher FA, Keshari KR, Kjaer A, Laustsen C, Mankoff DA, Merritt ME, Nelson SJ, Pauly JM, Lee P, Ronen S, Tyler DJ, Rajan SS, Spielman DM, Wald L, Zhang X, Malloy CR, Rizi R. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: Path to Clinical Translation in Oncology. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1-16. [PMID: 30472500 PMCID: PMC6260457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This white paper discusses prospects for advancing hyperpolarization technology to better understand cancer metabolism, identify current obstacles to HP (hyperpolarized) 13C magnetic resonance imaging's (MRI's) widespread clinical use, and provide recommendations for overcoming them. Since the publication of the first NIH white paper on hyperpolarized 13C MRI in 2011, preclinical studies involving [1-13C]pyruvate as well a number of other 13C labeled metabolic substrates have demonstrated this technology's capacity to provide unique metabolic information. A dose-ranging study of HP [1-13C]pyruvate in patients with prostate cancer established safety and feasibility of this technique. Additional studies are ongoing in prostate, brain, breast, liver, cervical, and ovarian cancer. Technology for generating and delivering hyperpolarized agents has evolved, and new MR data acquisition sequences and improved MRI hardware have been developed. It will be important to continue investigation and development of existing and new probes in animal models. Improved polarization technology, efficient radiofrequency coils, and reliable pulse sequences are all important objectives to enable exploration of the technology in healthy control subjects and patient populations. It will be critical to determine how HP 13C MRI might fill existing needs in current clinical research and practice, and complement existing metabolic imaging modalities. Financial sponsorship and integration of academia, industry, and government efforts will be important factors in translating the technology for clinical research in oncology. This white paper is intended to provide recommendations with this goal in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Pauly
- Department of Electric Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | - Philips Lee
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Biomedical Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sunder S Rajan
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), FDA, White Oak, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Departments of Radiology and Electric Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | - Lawrence Wald
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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32
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Takado Y, Cheng T, Bastiaansen JAM, Yoshihara HAI, Lanz B, Mishkovsky M, Lengacher S, Comment A. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Reveals the Rate-Limiting Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Cerebral Uptake and Metabolism of l-Lactate in Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2554-2562. [PMID: 29771492 PMCID: PMC6119468 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of l-lactate transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its cerebral metabolism are still subject to debate. We studied lactate uptake and intracellular metabolism in the mouse brain using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Following the intravenous injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate, we observed that the distribution of the 13C label between lactate and pyruvate, which has been shown to be representative of their pool size ratio, is different in NMRI and C57BL/6 mice, the latter exhibiting a higher level of cerebral lactate dehydrogenase A ( Ldha) expression. On the basis of this observation, and an additional set of experiments showing that the cerebral conversion of [1-13C]lactate to [1-13C]pyruvate increases after exposing the brain to ultrasound irradiation that reversibly opens the BBB, we concluded that lactate transport is rate-limited by the BBB, with a 30% increase in lactate uptake after its disruption. It was also deduced from these results that hyperpolarized 13C MRS can be used to detect a variation in cerebral lactate uptake of <40 nmol in a healthy brain during an in vivo experiment lasting only 75 s, opening new opportunities to study the role of lactate in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Takado
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tian Cheng
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A. M. Bastiaansen
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hikari A. I. Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Center, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mor Mishkovsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lengacher
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
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Vishwanath V, Mayer D, Fu D, Wnorowski A, Siddiqui MM. Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging, using metabolic imaging to improve the detection and management of prostate, bladder, and kidney urologic malignancies. Transl Androl Urol 2018; 7:855-863. [PMID: 30456188 PMCID: PMC6212626 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.08.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of the 2 million new cancer diagnoses in the United States in 2018 were comprised of malignancies of the urogenital system. Of these cancers, 75% occurred in the kidney/renal pelvis, prostate, and urinary bladder. Early diagnosis is beneficial to long-term survival. Currently, urologists rely heavily on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and positron emission tomography (PET) to both diagnose and offer prognoses, but these techniques are limited in their resolution and are more effective when cancers have reached macroscopic size in later stages. Recent developments in cancer metabolomics have revealed that cancerous cells preferentially upregulate specific metabolic pathways as a means of conserving their resources and maximizing their growth potential. This has opened a new avenue for early diagnosis with much higher resolution, reliability, and accuracy through 13C hyperpolarized MRI. Preferential cancer pathways can be elucidated through this technique using 13C-labeled molecules utilized for energy generation and tumor growth. As these pathways are identified, targeted therapies are being designed to inhibit these pathways to allow for treatment that is cytotoxic to malignant cells but preserves native cells. In this paper, we review the current understanding of urologic cancer metabolomics, specifically in the kidney, prostate, and bladder. We will review the basic physics of MRI and demonstrate how hyperpolarized 13C MRI offers an innovative solution to early diagnosis as well as creates novel avenues for more targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Vishwanath
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dexue Fu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amelia Wnorowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohummad Minhaj Siddiqui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Veterans Health Administration Research and Development Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dong Y, Eskandari R, Ray C, Granlund KL, Santos-Cunha LD, Miloushev VZ, Tee SS, Jeong S, Aras O, Chen YB, Cheng EH, Hsieh JJ, Keshari KR. Hyperpolarized MRI Visualizes Warburg Effects and Predicts Treatment Response to mTOR Inhibitors in Patient-Derived ccRCC Xenograft Models. Cancer Res 2018; 79:242-250. [PMID: 30459151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-changing tumor microenvironment constantly challenges individual cancer cells to balance supply and demand, presenting tumor vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities. Everolimus and temsirolimus are inhibitors of mTOR (mTORi) approved for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, treatment outcome varies greatly among patients. Accordingly, administration of mTORi in mRCC is diminishing, which could potentially result in missing timely delivery of effective treatment for select patients. Here, we implemented a clinically applicable, integrated platform encompassing a single dose of [1-13C] pyruvate to visualize the in vivo effect of mTORi on the conversion of pyruvate to lactate using hyperpolarized MRI. A striking difference that predicts treatment benefit was demonstrated using two preclinical models derived from patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who exhibited primary resistance to VEGFRi and quickly succumbed to their diseases within 6 months after the diagnosis of metastasis without receiving mTORi. Our findings suggest that hyperpolarized MRI could be further developed to personalize kidney cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI as a tool for accurately assessing the clinical success of mTOR inhibition in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chelsea Ray
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristin L Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lidia Dos Santos-Cunha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Sriram R, Gordon J, Baligand C, Ahamed F, Delos Santos J, Qin H, Bok RA, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Wang ZJ. Non-Invasive Assessment of Lactate Production and Compartmentalization in Renal Cell Carcinomas Using Hyperpolarized 13C Pyruvate MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090313. [PMID: 30189677 PMCID: PMC6162434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal treatment selection for localized renal tumors is challenging due to their variable biological behavior and limited ability to pre-operatively assess their aggressiveness. We investigated hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pyruvate MRI to noninvasively assess tumor lactate production and compartmentalization, which are strongly associated with renal tumor aggressiveness. Orthotopic tumors were created in mice using human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) lines (A498, 786-O, UOK262) with varying expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) which catalyzes the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, and varying expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) which mediates lactate export out of the cells. Dynamic HP 13C pyruvate MRI showed that the A498 tumors had significantly higher 13C pyruvate-to-lactate conversion than the UOK262 and 786-O tumors, corresponding to higher A498 tumor LDHA expression. Additionally, diffusion-weighted HP 13C pyruvate MRI showed that the A498 tumors had significantly higher 13C lactate apparent diffusion coefficients compared to 786-O tumors, with corresponding higher MCT4 expression, which likely reflects more rapid lactate export in the A498 tumors. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of HP 13C pyruvate MRI to inform on tumor lactate production and compartmentalization, and provide the scientific premise for future clinical investigation into the utility of this technique to noninvasively interrogate renal tumor aggressiveness and to guide treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Celine Baligand
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Fayyaz Ahamed
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Justin Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Zhen J Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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36
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Sriram R, Nguyen J, Santos JD, Nguyen L, Sun J, Vigneron S, Van Criekinge M, Kurhanewicz J, MacKenzie JD. Molecular detection of inflammation in cell models using hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3400-3407. [PMID: 29930738 PMCID: PMC6010986 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and treatment monitoring of inflammatory states remain challenging in part due to the multifactorial mechanisms of immune activation and spectrum of clinical manifestations. Currently, diagnostic strategies tend to be subjective and limited quantitative tools exist to monitor optimal treatment strategies. Pro-inflammatory M1 polarized macrophages exhibit a distinct metabolic glycolytic phenotype compared to the continuum of M2 polarization states. In the present study, the distinct metabolic phenotypes of resting and activated macrophages were successfully characterized and quantified using hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C) labeled pyruvate and its metabolic products, i.e. lactate, as a biomarker of resting, disease and treated states. Methods: Mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells were used as a model system in an NMR compatible bioreactor to facilitate dynamic hyperpolarized 13C measurements. The glycolytic metabolism of the cells in the quiescent or resting state were compared with macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, a classical M1 activator using hyperpolarized 13C labeled pyruvate. Additionally, the activated macrophages were also treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug to assess the changes in hyperpolarized lactate signal. The hyperpolarized lactate signals were then correlated using biochemical and molecular assays. Results: We first validated our model system of inflammatory cells by the hallmarks of M1 polarization using steady state metabolic profiling with high resolution NMR in conjunction with nitric oxide Greiss assay, enzyme activity, and mRNA expression. Subsequently, we clearly showed that the cutting edge technology of hyperpolarized 13C NMR can be used to detect elevated lactate levels in M1 polarized macrophages in comparison to control and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treated M2 states. Conclusion: Hyperpolarized 13C lactate has the potential to serve as a biomarker to non-invasively detect and quantify pro-inflammatory state of immune regulatory cells and its response to therapy.
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Sriram R, Sun J, Villanueva-Meyer J, Mutch C, De Los Santos J, Peters J, Korenchan DE, Neumann K, Van Criekinge M, Kurhanewicz J, Rosenberg O, Wilson D, Ohliger MA. Detection of Bacteria-Specific Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized [2- 13C]Pyruvate. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:797-805. [PMID: 29405697 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of bacterial infection from other causes of inflammation is difficult in clinical practice and is critical where patient outcomes rely heavily on early interventions. In addition to physical exam and laboratory markers, several imaging modalities are frequently employed, but these techniques generally target the host immune response, rather than the living microorganisms themselves. Here, we describe a method to detect bacteria-specific metabolism using hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This technology allows visualization of the real-time conversion of enriched 13C substrates to their metabolic products, identified by their distinct chemical shifts. We have identified the rapid metabolism of HP [2-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]acetate as a metabolic signature of common bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate this conversion in representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and its absence in key mammalian cell types. Furthermore, this conversion was successfully modulated in three mutant strains, corresponding to deletions of relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jinny Sun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Javier Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Christopher Mutch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Justin De Los Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jason Peters
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David E. Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kiel Neumann
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, 480 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Oren Rosenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - David Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
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Serrao E, Kettunen M, Rodrigues T, Lewis D, Gallagher F, Hu D, Brindle K. Analysis of 13 C and 14 C labeling in pyruvate and lactate in tumor and blood of lymphoma-bearing mice injected with 13 C- and 14 C-labeled pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3901. [PMID: 29457661 PMCID: PMC5947589 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between injected [1-13 C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool can give an apparent first-order rate constant for the exchange. The determination of the isotope flux, however, requires an estimate of the labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor. This was achieved here by measurement of the tumor uptake of [1-14 C]pyruvate, which showed that <2% of the injected pyruvate reached the tumor site. Multiplication of this estimated labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor with the apparent first-order rate constant for hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange gave an isotope flux that showed good agreement with a flux determined directly by the injection of non-polarized [3-13 C]pyruvate, rapid excision of the tumor after 30 s and measurement of 13 C-labeled lactate concentrations in tumor extracts. The distribution of labeled lactate between intra- and extracellular compartments and the blood pool was investigated by imaging, by measurement of the labeled lactate concentration in blood and tumor, and by examination of the effects of a gadolinium contrast agent and a lactate transport inhibitor on the intensity of the hyperpolarized [1-13 C]lactate signal. These measurements showed that there was significant export of labeled lactate from the tumor, but that labeled lactate in the blood pool produced by the injection of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate showed only relatively low levels of polarization. This study shows that measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate in a murine tumor model can provide an estimate of the true isotope flux if the concentration of labeled pyruvate that reaches the tumor can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Serrao
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - M.I. Kettunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - T.B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - F.A. Gallagher
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.E. Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - K.M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Wright AJ, Husson ZM, Hu D, Callejo G, Brindle KM, Smith ESJ. Increased hyperpolarized [1- 13 C] lactate production in a model of joint inflammation is not accompanied by tissue acidosis as assessed using hyperpolarized 13 C-labelled bicarbonate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3892. [PMID: 29380927 PMCID: PMC5887936 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Arthritic conditions are a major source of chronic pain. Furthering our understanding of disease mechanisms creates the opportunity to develop more targeted therapeutics. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), measurements of pH in human synovial fluid suggest that acidosis occurs, but that this is highly variable between individuals. Here we sought to determine if tissue acidosis occurs in a widely used rodent arthritis model: complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation. CFA robustly evoked paw and ankle swelling, concomitant with worsening clinical scores over time. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate metabolism to demonstrate that CFA induces an increase in the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. This increase is indicative of enhanced glycolysis and an increased lactate concentration, as has been observed in the synovial fluid from RA patients, and which was correlated with acidosis. We also measured the 13 CO2 /H13 CO3- ratio, in animals injected with hyperpolarized H13 CO3- , to estimate extracellular tissue pH and showed that despite the apparent increase in glycolytic activity in CFA-induced inflammation there was no accompanying decrease in extracellular pH. The pH was 7.23 ± 0.06 in control paws and 7.32 ± 0.09 in inflamed paws. These results could explain why mice lacking acid-sensing ion channel subunits 1, 2 and 3 do not display any changes in mechanical or thermal hyperalgesia in CFA-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUK
| | - Zoé M.A. Husson
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Cambridge, Tennis Court RoadCambridgeUK
| | - De‐En Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUK
| | - Gerard Callejo
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Cambridge, Tennis Court RoadCambridgeUK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge, Tennis Court RoadCambridgeUK
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Cambridge, Tennis Court RoadCambridgeUK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease with a spectrum of subtypes and clinical behavior. Quantitative and qualitative imaging biomarkers are sought to correlate with genetic and histologic features and complement pathologic analysis. RECENT FINDINGS Texture analysis, radiogenomics, and modality-specific advancements have yielded an array of renal cell carcinoma imaging biomarkers in the research domain. Although many techniques are promising, standardization and validation of these procedures are needed prior to implementation into clinical practice. SUMMARY We introduce novel imaging techniques and analytic methods which have been shown to contribute to characterization of renal cell carcinoma and its subtypes, aggressiveness, and responsiveness to therapy, including associated advantages and limitations.
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Tee SS, Suster I, Truong S, Jeong S, Eskandari R, DiGialleonardo V, Alvarez JA, Aldeborgh HN, Keshari KR. Targeted AKT Inhibition in Prostate Cancer Cells and Spheroids Reduces Aerobic Glycolysis and Generation of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C] Lactate. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:453-460. [PMID: 29330287 PMCID: PMC6662159 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is frequently mutated in prostate cancer. Specific AKT inhibitors are now in advanced clinical trials, and this study investigates the effect of MK2206, a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor, on the cellular metabolism of prostate cancer cells. We observed a reduction in cell motility and aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer cells with treatment. These changes were not accompanied by a reduction in the ratio of high-energy phosphates or a change in total protein levels of enzymes and transporters involved in glycolysis. However, a decreased ratio of NAD+/NADH was observed, motivating the use of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-MRS) to detect treatment response. Spectroscopic experiments were performed on tumor spheroids, 3D structures that self-organize in the presence of an extracellular matrix. Treated spheroids showed decreased lactate production with on-target inhibition confirmed using IHC, demonstrating that HP-MRS can be used to probe treatment response in prostate cancer spheroids and can provide a biomarker for treatment response. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 453-60. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Izabela Suster
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Valentina DiGialleonardo
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Hannah N Aldeborgh
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Silvers MA, Deja S, Singh N, Egnatchik RA, Sudderth J, Luo X, Beg MS, Burgess SC, DeBerardinis RJ, Boothman DA, Merritt ME. The NQO1 bioactivatable drug, β-lapachone, alters the redox state of NQO1+ pancreatic cancer cells, causing perturbation in central carbon metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18203-18216. [PMID: 28916726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer treatments, such as those for managing recalcitrant tumors like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, cause off-target toxicities in normal, healthy tissue, highlighting the need for more tumor-selective chemotherapies. β-Lapachone is bioactivated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This enzyme exhibits elevated expression in most solid cancers and therefore is a potential cancer-specific target. β-Lapachone's therapeutic efficacy partially stems from the drug's induction of a futile NQO1-mediated redox cycle that causes high levels of superoxide and then peroxide formation, which damages DNA and causes hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, resulting in extensive NAD+/ATP depletion. However, the effects of this drug on energy metabolism due to NAD+ depletion were never described. The futile redox cycle rapidly consumes O2, rendering standard assays of Krebs cycle turnover unusable. In this study, a multimodal analysis, including metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized pyruvate, points to reduced oxidative flux due to NAD+ depletion after β-lapachone treatment of NQO1+ human pancreatic cancer cells. NAD+-sensitive pathways, such as glycolysis, flux through lactate dehydrogenase, and the citric acid cycle (as inferred by flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase), were down-regulated by β-lapachone treatment. Changes in flux through these pathways should generate biomarkers useful for in vivo dose responses of β-lapachone treatment in humans, avoiding toxic side effects. Targeting the enzymes in these pathways for therapeutic treatment may have the potential to synergize with β-lapachone treatment, creating unique NQO1-selective combinatorial therapies for specific cancers. These findings warrant future studies of intermediary metabolism in patients treated with β-lapachone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Silvers
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (AIRC), Division of Metabolic Mechanisms of Disease
| | - Naveen Singh
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Robert A Egnatchik
- the Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- the Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Xiuquan Luo
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Shawn C Burgess
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (AIRC), Division of Metabolic Mechanisms of Disease
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- the Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - David A Boothman
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center,
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- the AIRC, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 and .,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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Lebastchi AH, Watson MJ, Russell CM, George AK, Weizer AZ, Turkbey B. Using Imaging to Predict Treatment Response in Genitourinary Malignancies. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 4:804-817. [PMID: 28918178 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Over the previous2 decades, there have been numerous advancements in the diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic management, and postoperative assessment of genitourinary malignancies. OBJECTIVE To present a review of current and novel imaging modalities and their utility in the assessment of therapeutic response in the systemic management of renal, testicular, and prostate cancers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed/Medline search of the current published literature inclusive of prospective and retrospective original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses was conducted evaluating imaging modalities for renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer. All relevant literature was individually reviewed and summarized to provide a concise description of the currently available imaging modalities and their efficacy in assessing treatment response of the genitourinary malignancies targeted in this review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Conventional imaging techniques play a pivotal role in predicting the treatment response of genitourinary malignancies and have, therefore, been incorporated into clinical guidelines. Advancements in imaging technology have led to increased utilization for prognostication of a genitourinary cancer's response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS A good understanding of current recommended imaging techniques to evaluate treatment response in genitourinary malignancies is of paramount importance for today's clinician, who faces increasing treatment modalities. PATIENT SUMMARY In this review, we summarize available imaging modalities in the evaluation of treatment response in kidney, prostate, or testicular tumors. We believe that a good understanding of current imaging modalities is of paramount importance for healthcare providers treating these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Lebastchi
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew J Watson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Arvin K George
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alon Z Weizer
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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44
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Feuerecker B, Durst M, Michalik M, Schneider G, Saur D, Menzel M, Schwaiger M, Schilling F. Hyperpolarized 13C Diffusion MRS of Co-Polarized Pyruvate and Fumarate to Measure Lactate Export and Necrosis. J Cancer 2017; 8:3078-3085. [PMID: 28928899 PMCID: PMC5604459 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive tumor characterization and monitoring are among the key goals of medical imaging. Using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled metabolic probes fast metabolic pathways can be probed in real-time, providing new opportunities for tumor characterization. In this in vitro study, we investigated whether measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of co-polarized 13C-labeled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid can non-invasively detect both necrosis and changes in lactate export, which are parameters indicative of tumor aggressiveness. Methods:13C-labeled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid were co-polarized in a preclinical hyperpolarizer and the dissolved compounds were added to prepared samples of 8932 pancreatic cancer and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Extracellular lactate concentrations and cell viability were measured in separate assays. Results: The mean ratios of the ADC values of lactate and pyruvate (ADClac/ADCpyr) between MCF-7 (0.533 ± 0.015, n = 3) and 8932 pancreatic cancer cells (0.744 ± 0.064, n = 3) showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.048). 8932 cells had higher extracellular lactate concentrations in the extracellular medium (22.97 ± 2.53 ng/µl) compared with MCF-7 cells (7.52 ± 0.59 ng/µl; p < 0.001). Fumarate-to-malate conversion was only detectable in necrotic cells, thereby allowing clear differentiation between necrotic and viable cells. Conclusion: We provide evidence that MRS of hyperpolarized 13C-labelled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid, with their respective conversions to lactate and malate, are useful for characterization of necrosis and lactate efflux in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Durst
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,GE Global Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Michalik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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45
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Jeong S, Eskandari R, Park SM, Alvarez J, Tee SS, Weissleder R, Kharas MG, Lee H, Keshari KR. Real-time quantitative analysis of metabolic flux in live cells using a hyperpolarized micromagnetic resonance spectrometer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700341. [PMID: 28630930 PMCID: PMC5473678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is widely considered a hallmark of cancer, and understanding metabolic dynamics described by the conversion rates or "fluxes" of metabolites can shed light onto biological processes of tumorigenesis and response to therapy. For real-time analysis of metabolic flux in intact cells or organisms, magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and imaging methods have been developed in conjunction with hyperpolarization of nuclear spins. These approaches enable noninvasive monitoring of tumor progression and treatment efficacy and are being tested in multiple clinical trials. However, because of their limited sensitivity, these methods require a larger number of cells, on the order of 107, which is impractical for analyzing scant target cells or mass-limited samples. We present a new technology platform, a hyperpolarized micromagnetic resonance spectrometer (HMRS), that achieves real-time, 103-fold more sensitive metabolic analysis on live cells. This platform enables quantification of the metabolic flux in a wide range of cell types, including leukemia stem cells, without significant changes in viability, which allows downstream molecular analyses in tandem. It also enables rapid assessment of metabolic changes by a given drug, which may direct therapeutic choices in patients. We further advanced this platform for high-throughput analysis of hyperpolarized molecules by integrating a three-dimensionally printed microfluidic system. The HMRS platform holds promise as a sensitive method for studying metabolic dynamics in mass-limited samples, including primary cancer cells, providing novel therapeutic targets and an enhanced understanding of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sun Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael G. Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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46
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Siddiqui S, Kadlecek S, Pourfathi M, Xin Y, Mannherz W, Hamedani H, Drachman N, Ruppert K, Clapp J, Rizi R. The use of hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance for molecular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:3-23. [PMID: 27599979 PMCID: PMC5783573 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, molecular imaging using magnetic resonance (MR) has been limited by the modality's low sensitivity, especially with non-proton nuclei. The advent of hyperpolarized (HP) MR overcomes this limitation by substantially enhancing the signal of certain biologically important probes through a process known as external nuclear polarization, enabling real-time assessment of tissue function and metabolism. The metabolic information obtained by HP MR imaging holds significant promise in the clinic, where it could play a critical role in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the developments made in the field of hyperpolarized MR, including advancements in polarization techniques and delivery, probe development, pulse sequence optimization, characterization of healthy and diseased tissues, and the steps made towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehrdad Pourfathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Mannherz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Drachman
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Clapp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Halbrook CJ, Lyssiotis CA. Employing Metabolism to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:5-19. [PMID: 28073003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is on pace to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rate results from a lack of methods for early detection and the inability to successfully treat patients once diagnosed. Pancreatic cancer cells have extensively reprogrammed metabolism, which is driven by oncogene-mediated cell-autonomous pathways, the unique physiology of the tumor microenvironment, and interactions with non-cancer cells. In this review, we discuss how recent efforts delineating rewired metabolic networks in pancreatic cancer have revealed new in-roads to develop detection and treatment strategies for this dreadful disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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48
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Lewis AJM, Miller JJJ, McCallum C, Rider OJ, Neubauer S, Heather LC, Tyler DJ. Assessment of Metformin-Induced Changes in Cardiac and Hepatic Redox State Using Hyperpolarized[1-13C]Pyruvate. Diabetes 2016; 65:3544-3551. [PMID: 27561726 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin improves cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes, but its exact mechanisms of action remain controversial. We used hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the effects of metformin treatment on heart and liver pyruvate metabolism in rats in vivo. Both oral treatment for 4 weeks and a single intravenous metformin infusion significantly increased the cardiac [1-13C]lactate:[1-13C]pyruvate ratio but had no effect on the [1-13C]bicarbonate + 13CO2:[1-13C]pyruvate ratio, an index of pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. These changes were paralleled by a significant increase in the heart and liver cytosolic redox state, estimated from the [lactate]:[pyruvate] ratio but not the whole-cell [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio. Hyperpolarized MRI localized the increase in cardiac lactate to the left ventricular myocardium, implying a direct myocardial effect, though metformin had no effect on systolic or diastolic cardiac function. These findings demonstrate the ability of hyperpolarized pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect metformin-induced changes in cytosolic redox biology, suggest that metformin has a previously unrecognized effect on cardiac redox state, and help to refine the design of impending hyperpolarized magnetic resonance studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J M Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jack J J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Chloe McCallum
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
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49
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Di Gialleonardo V, Tee SS, Aldeborgh HN, Miloushev VZ, Cunha LS, Sukenick GD, Keshari KR. High-Throughput Indirect Quantitation of 13C Enriched Metabolites Using 1H NMR. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11147-11153. [PMID: 27749041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely used in metabolomics to perform quantitative profiling of low-molecular weight compounds from biological specimens. The measurement of endogenous metabolites using NMR has proven to be a powerful tool to identify new metabolic biomarkers in physiological and pathological conditions, and to study and evaluate treatment efficiency. In this study we present a rapid approach to indirectly quantify 13C enriched molecules using one-dimensional (1D) 1H NMR. We demonstrate this approach using isotopically labeled [1,6-13C]glucose and in four different cell lines. We confirm the applicability of this approach for treatment follow-up, utilizing a renal cancer cell line with rapamycin as a tool compound to study changes in metabolic profiles. Finally, we validate the applicability of this method to study metabolic biomarkers from ex vivo tumor extracts, after infusion, using isotopically enriched glucose. Given the high throughput and increased sensitivity of direct-detect 1H NMR, this analytical approach provides an avenue for simple and rapid metabolic analysis of biological samples including blood, urine, and biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Gialleonardo
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United Sates
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United Sates
| | - Hannah N Aldeborgh
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United Sates
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United Sates
| | - Lidia S Cunha
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United Sates
| | - George D Sukenick
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United Sates
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United Sates.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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50
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Gordon JW, Milshteyn E, Marco-Rius I, Ohliger M, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ. Mis-estimation and bias of hyperpolarized apparent diffusion coefficient measurements due to slice profile effects. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1087-1092. [PMID: 27735082 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to explore the impact of slice profile effects on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping of hyperpolarized (HP) substrates. METHODS Slice profile effects were simulated using a Gaussian radiofrequency (RF) pulse with a variety of flip angle schedules and b-value ordering schemes. A long T1 water phantom was used to validate the simulation results, and ADC mapping of HP [13 C,15 N2 ]urea was performed on the murine liver to assess these effects in vivo. RESULTS Slice profile effects result in excess signal after repeated RF pulses, causing bias in HP measurements. The largest error occurs for metabolites with small ADCs, resulting in up to 10-fold overestimation for metabolites that are in more-restricted environments. A mixed b-value scheme substantially reduces this bias, whereas scaling the slice-select gradient can mitigate it completely. In vivo, the liver ADC of hyperpolarized [13 C,15 N2 ]urea is nearly 70% lower (0.99 ± 0.22 vs 1.69 ± 0.21 × 10-3 mm2 /s) when slice-select gradient scaling is used. CONCLUSION Slice profile effects can lead to bias in HP ADC measurements. A mixed b-value ordering scheme can reduce this bias compared to sequential b-value ordering. Slice-select gradient scaling can also correct for this deviation, minimizing bias and providing more-precise ADC measurements of HP substrates. Magn Reson Med 78:1087-1092, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Ohliger
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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