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Shirasawa M, Yoshida T, Shiraishi K, Goto N, Yagishita S, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Masuda K, Shinno Y, Okuma Y, Goto Y, Horinouchi H, Yotsukura M, Yoshida Y, Nakagawa K, Naoki K, Tsuchida T, Hamamoto R, Yamamoto N, Motoi N, Kohno T, Watanabe SI, Ohe Y. Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune profiles and efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody plus chemotherapy stratified by DLL3 expression in small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:2003-2013. [PMID: 37731022 PMCID: PMC10703835 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is a therapeutic target in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, how DLL3 expression status affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes in SCLC remains unclear. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with postoperative limited-stage (LS)-SCLC and extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC treated with platinum and etoposide (PE) plus anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody. We investigated the relationship of DLL3 expression with TME, mutation status, tumor neoantigens, and immunochemotherapy. RESULTS In the LS-SCLC cohort (n = 59), whole-exome sequencing revealed that DLL3High cases had significantly more neoantigens (P = 0.004) and a significantly higher rate of the signature SBS4 associated with smoking (P = 0.02) than DLL3Low cases. Transcriptome analysis in the LS-SCLC cohort revealed that DLL3High cases had significantly suppressed immune-related pathways and dendritic cell (DC) function. SCLC with DLL3High had significantly lower proportions of T cells, macrophages, and DCs than those with DLL3Low. In the ES-SCLC cohort (n = 30), the progression-free survival associated with PE plus anti-PD-L1 antibody was significantly worse in DLL3High cases than in DLL3Low cases (4.7 vs. 7.4 months, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although SCLC with DLL3High had a higher neoantigen load, these tumors were resistant to immunochemotherapy due to suppressed tumor immunity by inhibiting antigen-presenting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shirasawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara city, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Imabayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Masuda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinno
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Yotsukura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakagawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naoki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara city, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuchida
- Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Pu X, Xu C, Wang Q, Wang W, Wu F, Cai X, Song Z, Yu J, Zhong W, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang S, Liu A, Li W, Zhan P, Liu H, Lv T, Miao L, Min L, Lin G, Huang L, Yuan J, Jiang Z, Rao C, Lv D, Yu Z, Li X, Tang C, Zhou C, Zhang J, Guo H, Chu Q, Meng R, Liu X, Wu J, Zhou J, Zhu Z, Pan W, Pang F, Huang J, Wang K, Wu F, Shen T, Zou S, Xu B, Wang L, Zhu Y, Lin X, Cai J, Xu L, Li J, Jiao X, Li K, Feng H, Wang L, Du Y, Yao W, Shi X, Niu X, Yuan D, Yao Y, Kang J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Fu J, Huang J, Zhang Y, Sun P, Wang H, Ye M, Wang D, Wang Z, Hao Y, Wang Z, Wan B, Lv D, Lan G, Yang S, Shi L, Wang Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Li Z, Li Y, Liu Z, Yang N, Wang H, Huang W, Hong Z, Wang G, Wang J, Fang M, Fang Y, Zhu X, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Ma S, Song Y, Lu Y, Fang W, Li Z, Wu L. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of RET gene fusion non-small cell lung cancer in China. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:3166-3177. [PMID: 37718634 PMCID: PMC10626248 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rearranged during transfection (RET) gene is one of the receptor tyrosine kinases and cell-surface molecules responsible for transmitting signals that regulate cell growth and differentiation. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), RET fusion is a rare driver gene alteration associated with a poor prognosis. Fortunately, two selective RET inhibitors (sRETi), namely pralsetinib and selpercatinib, have been approved for treating RET fusion NSCLC due to their remarkable efficacy and safety profiles. These inhibitors have shown the ability to overcome resistance to multikinase inhibitors (MKIs). Furthermore, ongoing clinical trials are investigating several second-generation sRETis that are specifically designed to target solvent front mutations, which pose a challenge for first-generation sRETis. The effective screening of patients is the first crucial step in the clinical application of RET-targeted therapy. Currently, four methods are widely used for detecting gene rearrangements: next-generation sequencing (NGS), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Each of these methods has its advantages and limitations. To streamline the clinical workflow and improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for RET fusion NSCLC, our expert group has reached a consensus. Our objective is to maximize the clinical benefit for patients and promote standardized approaches to RET fusion screening and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxiang Pu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Department of ChemotherapyChinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)HangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of VIP Inpatient, Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbo Song
- Department of ChemotherapyChinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)HangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Cancer Molecular Diagnostics CoreTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Thoracic CancerJilin Cancer HospitalJilinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer CenterZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Min
- Department of Respiratory MedicineClinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Gen Lin
- Department of Medical OncologyFujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of PathologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhansheng Jiang
- Department of Integrative OncologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chuangzhou Rao
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Hwamei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Lv
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineTaizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityTaizhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zongyang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team (the Former Fuzhou General Hospital)Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhao Tang
- Department of Medical OncologyPeking University International HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University)GuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesShanxi Bethune HospitalTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rui Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingxun Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Zhu
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of MedicineJiaxing UniversityJiaxingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pang
- Department of MedicalShanghai OrigiMed Co, LtdShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Department of MedicalShanghai OrigiMed Co, LtdShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of MedicalShanghai OrigiMed Co, LtdShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of MedicalMenarini Silicon Biosystems SpaShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of MedicalStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.ShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shirui Zou
- Department of MedicalStone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.ShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteFirst Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of OncologyBaotou Cancer HospitalBaotouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Youcai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xinqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University)GuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Interventional Pulmonary DiseasesAnhui Chest HospitalHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jisheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinnanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kainan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huijing Feng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesShanxi Bethune HospitalTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesShanxi Bethune HospitalTaiyuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Du
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Kang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Department of OncologyLishui Municipal Central HospitalLishuiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yinbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical CollegeXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Pingli Sun
- Department of PathologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Senior Department of OncologyThe 5th Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hao
- Department of ChemotherapyChinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)HangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of NanjingNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Donglai Lv
- Department of Clinical OncologyThe 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People Liberation ArmyHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lan
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture People's HospitalChuxiongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bihui Li
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhefeng Liu
- Senior Department of OncologyThe 5th Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Department of Pathologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer HospitalNanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer HospitalNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guansong Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Department of ChemotherapyChinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)HangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xixu Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of NanjingNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of ChemotherapyChinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)HangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Cancer CenterZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
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3
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Miyazaki I, Odintsov I, Ishida K, Lui AJW, Kato M, Suzuki T, Zhang T, Wakayama K, Kurth RI, Cheng R, Fujita H, Delasos L, Vojnic M, Khodos I, Yamada Y, Ishizawa K, Mattar MS, Funabashi K, Chang Q, Ohkubo S, Yano W, Terada R, Giuliano C, Lu YC, Bonifacio A, Kunte S, Davare MA, Cheng EH, de Stanchina E, Lovati E, Iwasawa Y, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. Vepafestinib is a pharmacologically advanced RET-selective inhibitor with high CNS penetration and inhibitory activity against RET solvent front mutations. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1345-1361. [PMID: 37743366 PMCID: PMC10518257 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
RET receptor tyrosine kinase is activated in various cancers (lung, thyroid, colon and pancreatic, among others) through oncogenic fusions or gain-of-function single-nucleotide variants. Small-molecule RET kinase inhibitors became standard-of-care therapy for advanced malignancies driven by RET. The therapeutic benefit of RET inhibitors is limited, however, by acquired mutations in the drug target as well as brain metastasis, presumably due to inadequate brain penetration. Here, we perform preclinical characterization of vepafestinib (TAS0953/HM06), a next-generation RET inhibitor with a unique binding mode. We demonstrate that vepafestinib has best-in-class selectivity against RET, while exerting activity against commonly reported on-target resistance mutations (variants in RETL730, RETV804 and RETG810), and shows superior pharmacokinetic properties in the brain when compared to currently approved RET drugs. We further show that these properties translate into improved tumor control in an intracranial model of RET-driven cancer. Our results underscore the clinical potential of vepafestinib in treating RET-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Odintsov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Allan J W Lui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Tom Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Renate I Kurth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lukas Delasos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Morana Vojnic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Khodos
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kota Ishizawa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marissa S Mattar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Qing Chang
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wakako Yano
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Yue Christine Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Siddharth Kunte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dana Cancer Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Monika A Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Shirasawa M, Yoshida T, Shiraishi K, Takigami A, Takayanagi D, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Masuda K, Shinno Y, Okuma Y, Goto Y, Horinouchi H, Yotsukura M, Yoshida Y, Nakagawa K, Tsuchida T, Hamamoto R, Yamamoto N, Motoi N, Kohno T, Watanabe SI, Ohe Y. Identification of inflamed-phenotype of small cell lung cancer leading to the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody and chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2023; 179:107183. [PMID: 37037178 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum etoposide plus anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody therapy is the standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, patient characteristics associated with the efficacy of the combination therapy in SCLC are unclear. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed post-surgical limited-stage (LS)-SCLC and ES-SCLC patients treated with atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide (ACE). The association between SCLC subtypes based on transcriptomic data and pathological findings, including CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status, was investigated in the LS-SCLC cohort. The association between the efficacy of ACE therapy, pathological subtypes, and TIL status was evaluated in the ES-SCLC cohort. RESULTS The LS-SCLC cohort (N = 48) was classified into four SCLC subtypes (ASCL1 + NEUROD1 [SCLC-A + N, N = 17], POU2F3 [SCLC-P, N = 15], YAP1 [SCLC-Y, N = 10], and inflamed [SCLC-I, N = 6]) based on transcriptomic data. SCLC-I showed enriched immune-related pathways, the highest immune score (CD8A expression and T-cell-inflamed gene expression profiles), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in transcriptional subtypes. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) showed that SCLC-I had the highest density of CD8-positive TILs in transcriptional subtypes. In the ES-SCLC cohort, the efficacy of ACE therapy did not differ according to pathological subtypes. The progression-free survival (PFS) of TILHigh patients was significantly longer than that of TILLow patients (PFS: 7.3 months vs. 4.0 months, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Tumors with a high density of TILs, which represent the most immunogenic SCLC subtype (SCLC-I), based on transcriptomic data could benefit from ACE therapy.
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5
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Ahn B, Yoon S, Kim D, Chun SM, Lee G, Kim HR, Jin Jang S, Sang Hwang H. Clinicopathologic and genomic features of high-grade pattern and their subclasses in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2022; 170:176-184. [PMID: 35820357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) grading system proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has emphasized the proportion of high-grade patterns (HGPs). We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic and genomic characteristics associated with HGP which has not yet been fully investigated. METHODS Tissue samples from 174 patients who underwent surgical resection of LUAD from January to December 2015 were histologically evaluated. Proportions of HGPs, including solid, micropapillary, cribriform, and complex glandular patterns, were individually quantified. Prognostic implications of HGP proportion, both as a continuous variable and as subclasses divided by cutoffs of 20%, 50%, and 90% (low-intermediate grade [LIG], HGP <20%; high grade 1 [HG1], 20-<50%, HG2, 50-<90%; HG3, ≥90%) were evaluated. Different clinicopathologic factors and genomic alterations according to the HGP subclasses were assessed. RESULTS Relative hazards of the HGP gradually elevated as its proportion increased over 20%, the cut-off value established by the IASLC grading system, and the cancer-specific overall survival (OS) of HG1 subclass was not significantly decreased compared to the LIG subclass on univariate analysis. However, further subgrouping showed significantly increased frequencies of male, advanced stage tumors, lymphovascular invasion, and spread through alveolar space in higher HGP subclasses. Also, common LUAD driver mutations, particularly EGFR mutations, were less frequent, whereas alterations in TP53 and cell cycle pathway-related genes were more frequent. Higher HGP subclasses and TP53 gene alteration were associated with shorter cancer-specific OS and RFS in multivariate survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS HGP subclasses of LUAD displayed distinct clinicopathological characteristics and genomic alterations, including TP53 and cell cycle pathway, emphasizing the clinical value of these subclasses in LUAD. Higher HGP subclass and alteration in TP53 may be markers of poor post-operative survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinkyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Chun
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Ryul Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sang Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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6
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Shi M, Wang W, Zhang J, Li B, Lv D, Wang D, Wang S, Cheng D, Ma T. Identification of RET fusions in a Chinese multicancer retrospective analysis by next-generation sequencing. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:308-318. [PMID: 34710947 PMCID: PMC8748217 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion of RET with different partner genes has been detected in papillary thyroid, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancer. Approval of selpercatinib for treatment of lung and thyroid cancer with RET gene mutations or fusions calls for studies to explore RET fusion partners and their eligibility for RET‐based targeted therapy. In this study, RET fusion patterns in a large group of Chinese cancer patients covering several cancer types were identified using next‑generation sequencing. A total of 44 fusion patterns were identified in the study cohort with KIF5B, CCDC6, and ERC1 being the most common RET fusion partners. Notably, 17 novel fusions were first reported in this study. Prevalence of functional RET fusions was 1.05% in lung cancer, 6.03% in thyroid cancer, 0.39% in colorectal cancer, and less than 0.1% in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis showed a preference for fusion partners in different tumor types, with KIF5B being the common type in lung cancer, CCDC6 in thyroid cancer, and NCOA4 in colorectal cancer. Co‐occurrence of EGFR mutations and RET fusions with rare partner genes (rather than KIF5B) in lung cancer patients was correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and could predict response to targeted therapies. Findings from this study provide a guide to clinicians in determining tumors with specific fusion patterns as candidates for RET targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke Shi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiran Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, The First Centre Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Bobo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongxiao Lv
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sizhen Wang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dezhi Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Department of Translational Medicine, Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
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Cmero M, Schmidt B, Majewski IJ, Ekert PG, Oshlack A, Davidson NM. MINTIE: identifying novel structural and splice variants in transcriptomes using RNA-seq data. Genome Biol 2021; 22:296. [PMID: 34686194 PMCID: PMC8532352 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calling fusion genes from RNA-seq data is well established, but other transcriptional variants are difficult to detect using existing approaches. To identify all types of variants in transcriptomes we developed MINTIE, an integrated pipeline for RNA-seq data. We take a reference-free approach, combining de novo assembly of transcripts with differential expression analysis to identify up-regulated novel variants in a case sample. We compare MINTIE with eight other approaches, detecting > 85% of variants while no other method is able to achieve this. We posit that MINTIE will be able to identify new disease variants across a range of disease types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cmero
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Breon Schmidt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ian J Majewski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Nadia M Davidson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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8
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Miyanaga A, Matsumoto M, Beck JA, Horikawa I, Oike T, Okayama H, Tanaka H, Burkett SS, Robles AI, Khan M, Lissa D, Seike M, Gemma A, Mano H, Harris CC. EML4-ALK induces cellular senescence in mortal normal human cells and promotes anchorage-independent growth in hTERT-transduced normal human cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:310. [PMID: 33761896 PMCID: PMC7992817 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal inversions involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4) generate a fusion protein EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The understanding of EML4-ALK function can be improved by a functional study using normal human cells. METHODS Here we for the first time conduct such study to examine the effects of EML4-ALK on cell proliferation, cellular senescence, DNA damage, gene expression profiles and transformed phenotypes. RESULTS The lentiviral expression of EML4-ALK in mortal, normal human fibroblasts caused, through its constitutive ALK kinase activity, an early induction of cellular senescence with accumulated DNA damage, upregulation of p16INK4A and p21WAF1, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. In contrast, when EML4-ALK was expressed in normal human fibroblasts transduced with telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which is activated in the vast majority of NSCLC, the cells showed accelerated proliferation and acquired anchorage-independent growth ability in soft-agar medium, without accumulated DNA damage, chromosome aberration, nor p53 mutation. EML4-ALK induced the phosphorylation of STAT3 in both mortal and hTERT-transduced cells, but RNA sequencing analysis suggested that the different signaling pathways contributed to the different phenotypic outcomes in these cells. While EML4-ALK also induced anchorage-independent growth in hTERT-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, the expression of EML4-ALK alone did not cause detectable in vivo tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the expression of hTERT is critical for EML4-ALK to manifest its in vitro transforming activity in human cells. This study provides the isogenic pairs of human cells with and without EML4-ALK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Miyanaga
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jessica A Beck
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hirokazu Okayama
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hiromi Tanaka
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sandra S Burkett
- Molecular Cytogenetic Core Facility, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohammed Khan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Delphine Lissa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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9
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Sugiyama E, Togashi Y, Takeuchi Y, Shinya S, Tada Y, Kataoka K, Tane K, Sato E, Ishii G, Goto K, Shintani Y, Okumura M, Tsuboi M, Nishikawa H. Blockade of EGFR improves responsiveness to PD-1 blockade in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaav3937. [PMID: 32005679 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) against cancers with oncogenic driver gene mutations, which often harbor a low tumor mutation burden, is variable, suggesting different contributions of each driver mutation to immune responses. Here, we investigated the immunological phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinomas, for which anti-PD-1 mAb is largely ineffective. Whereas EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas had a noninflamed TME, CD4+ effector regulatory T cells, which are generally present in the inflamed TME, showed high infiltration. The EGFR signal activated cJun/cJun N-terminal kinase and reduced interferon regulatory factor-1; the former increased CCL22, which recruits CD4+ regulatory T cells, and the latter decreased CXCL10 and CCL5, which induce CD8+ T cell infiltration. The EGFR inhibitor erlotinib decreased CD4+ effector regulatory T cells infiltration in the TME and in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb showed better antitumor effects than either treatment alone. Our results suggest that EGFR inhibitors when used in conjunction with anti-PD-1 mAb could increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sugiyama
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takeuchi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Sayoko Shinya
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tada
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | | | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Goto
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. .,Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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10
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Kohno T, Tabata J, Nakaoku T. REToma: a cancer subtype with a shared driver oncogene. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:123-129. [PMID: 31711124 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RET (REarranged during Transfection), which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, plays a role as driver oncogene in a variety of human cancers. Fusion of RET with several partner genes has been detected in papillary thyroid, lung, colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancers, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for RET (particularly RET-specific inhibitors) show promising therapeutic effects against such cancers. Oncogenic mutations within the extracellular cysteine-rich and intracellular kinase domains of RET drive medullary thyroid carcinogenesis; the same mutations are also observed in a small subset of diverse cancers such as lung, colorectal and breast cancers. Considering the oncogenic nature of RET mutants, lung, colorectal and breast cancers are predicted to respond to RET TKIs in a manner similar to medullary thyroid cancer. In summary, cancers carrying oncogenic RET alterations as a driver mutation could be collectively termed 'REToma' and treated with RET TKIs in a tissue-agnostic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Tabata
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakaoku
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Ono A, Terada Y, Kawata T, Serizawa M, Isaka M, Kawabata T, Imai T, Mori K, Muramatsu K, Hayashi I, Kenmotsu H, Ohshima K, Urakami K, Nagashima T, Kusuhara M, Akiyama Y, Sugino T, Ohde Y, Yamaguchi K, Takahashi T. Assessment of associations between clinical and immune microenvironmental factors and tumor mutation burden in resected nonsmall cell lung cancer by applying machine learning to whole-slide images. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4864-4875. [PMID: 32400056 PMCID: PMC7333844 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether clinical factors and immune microenvironment (IME) factors are associated with tumor mutation burden (TMB) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed TMB in surgical tumor specimens by performing whole exome sequencing. IME profiles, including PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS), stromal CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, and stromal Foxp3 TIL density, were quantified by digital pathology using a machine learning algorithm. To detect factors associated with TMB, clinical data, and IME factors were assessed by means of a multiple regression model. RESULTS We analyzed tumors from 200 of the 246 surgically resected NSCLC patients between September 2014 and September 2015. Patient background: median age (range) 70 years (39-87); male 37.5%; smoker 27.5%; pathological stage (p-stage) I/II/III, 63.5/22.5/14.0%; histological type Ad/Sq, 77.0/23.0%; primary tumor location upper/lower, 58.5/41.5%; median PET SUV 7.5 (0.86-29.8); median serum CEA (sCEA) level 3.4 ng/mL (0.5-144.3); median serum CYFRA 21-1 (sCYFRA) level 1.2 ng/mL (1.0-38.0); median TMB 2.19/ Mb (0.12-64.38); median PD-L1 TPS 15.1% (0.09-77.4); median stromal CD8 TIL density 582.1/mm2 (120.0-4967.6);, and median stromal Foxp3 TIL density 183.7/mm2 (6.3-544.0). The multiple regression analysis identified three factors associated with higher TMB: smoking status: smoker, increase PET SUV, and sCEA level: >5 ng/mL (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The IME factors assessed were not associated with TMB, but our findings showed that, in addition to smoking, PET SUV and sCEA levels may be independent predictors of TMB. TMB and IME factors are independent factors in resected NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- B7-H1 Antigen/blood
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Ex-Smokers
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/blood
- Humans
- Keratin-19/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Machine Learning
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Non-Smokers
- Regression Analysis
- Smokers
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ono
- Division of Thoracic OncologyShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Takuya Kawata
- Division of PathologyShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Masakuni Serizawa
- Drug Discovery and Development DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | | | - Toru Imai
- Department of Clinical BiostatisticsGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Keita Mori
- Clinical Research CenterShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Koji Muramatsu
- Division of PathologyShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Isamu Hayashi
- Division of PathologyShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | | | - Keiichi Ohshima
- Medical Genetics DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Cancer Diagnostics Research DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
- SRL IncTokyoJapan
| | - Masatoshi Kusuhara
- Region Resources DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Yasuto Akiyama
- Immunotherapy DivisionShizuoka Cancer Center Research InstituteShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Division of PathologyShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Yasuhisa Ohde
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryShizuoka Cancer CenterShizuokaJapan
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Kurashima K, Kashiwagi H, Shimomura I, Suzuki A, Takeshita F, Mazevet M, Harata M, Yamashita T, Yamamoto Y, Kohno T, Shiotani B. SMARCA4 deficiency-associated heterochromatin induces intrinsic DNA replication stress and susceptibility to ATR inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa005. [PMID: 34316685 PMCID: PMC8210217 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex regulates transcription through the control of chromatin structure and is increasingly thought to play an important role in human cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) patients frequently harbor mutations in SMARCA4, a core component of this multisubunit complex. Most of these mutations are loss-of-function mutations, which disrupt critical functions in the regulation of chromatin architecture and can cause DNA replication stress. This study reports that LADC cells deficient in SMARCA4 showed increased DNA replication stress and greater sensitivity to the ATR inhibitor (ATRi) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, loss of SMARCA4 increased heterochromatin formation, resulting in stalled forks, a typical DNA replication stress. In the absence of SMARCA4, severe ATRi-induced single-stranded DNA, which caused replication catastrophe, was generated on nascent DNA near the reversed forks around heterochromatin in an Mre11-dependent manner. Thus, loss of SMARCA4 confers susceptibility to ATRi, both by increasing heterochromatin-associated replication stress and by allowing Mre11 to destabilize reversed forks. These two mechanisms synergistically increase susceptibility of SMARCA4-deficient LADC cells to ATRi. These results provide a preclinical basis for assessing SMARCA4 defects as a biomarker of ATRi efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Kurashima
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hideto Kashiwagi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Iwao Shimomura
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Department of Functional Analysis, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Marianne Mazevet
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahiko Harata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Bunsyo Shiotani
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 3 3547 5201 (Ext. 3681); Fax: +81 3 3543 9305;
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13
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Cmero M, Yuan K, Ong CS, Schröder J, Corcoran NM, Papenfuss T, Hovens CM, Markowetz F, Macintyre G. Inferring structural variant cancer cell fraction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:730. [PMID: 32024845 PMCID: PMC7002525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variant (SV) breakpoints from whole-genome sequencing data. SVclone accurately determines the variant allele frequencies of both SV breakends, then simultaneously estimates the cancer cell fraction and SV copy number. We assess performance using in silico mixtures of real samples, at known proportions, created from two clonal metastases from the same patient. We find that SVclone's performance is comparable to single-nucleotide variant-based methods, despite having an order of magnitude fewer data points. As part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, which aggregated whole-genome sequencing data from 2658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we use SVclone to reveal a subset of liver, ovarian and pancreatic cancers with subclonally enriched copy-number neutral rearrangements that show decreased overall survival. SVclone enables improved characterisation of SV intra-tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cmero
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- The Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Ke Yuan
- School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Sir Alwyn Williams Building, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Cheng Soon Ong
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Machine Learning Research Group, Data61, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jan Schröder
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- The Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
| | - Tony Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- The Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Geoff Macintyre
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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14
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Lee JJK, Park S, Park H, Kim S, Lee J, Lee J, Youk J, Yi K, An Y, Park IK, Kang CH, Chung DH, Kim TM, Jeon YK, Hong D, Park PJ, Ju YS, Kim YT. Tracing Oncogene Rearrangements in the Mutational History of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2019; 177:1842-1857.e21. [PMID: 31155235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutational processes giving rise to lung adenocarcinomas (LADCs) in non-smokers remain elusive. We analyzed 138 LADC whole genomes, including 83 cases with minimal contribution of smoking-associated mutational signature. Genomic rearrangements were not correlated with smoking-associated mutations and frequently served as driver events of smoking-signature-low LADCs. Complex genomic rearrangements, including chromothripsis and chromoplexy, generated 74% of known fusion oncogenes, including EML4-ALK, CD74-ROS1, and KIF5B-RET. Unlike other collateral rearrangements, these fusion-oncogene-associated rearrangements were frequently copy-number-balanced, representing a genomic signature of early oncogenesis. Analysis of mutation timing revealed that fusions and point mutations of canonical oncogenes were often acquired in the early decades of life. During a long latency, cancer-related genes were disrupted or amplified by complex rearrangements. The genomic landscape was different between subgroups-EGFR-mutant LADCs had frequent whole-genome duplications with p53 mutations, whereas fusion-oncogene-driven LADCs had frequent SETD2 mutations. Our study highlights LADC oncogenesis driven by endogenous mutational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake June-Koo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Seongyeol Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hansol Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jongkeun Lee
- Clinical Genomics Analysis Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Junehawk Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Youk
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kijong Yi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yohan An
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - In Kyu Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongwan Hong
- Clinical Genomics Analysis Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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15
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Sunami K, Ichikawa H, Kubo T, Kato M, Fujiwara Y, Shimomura A, Koyama T, Kakishima H, Kitami M, Matsushita H, Furukawa E, Narushima D, Nagai M, Taniguchi H, Motoi N, Sekine S, Maeshima A, Mori T, Watanabe R, Yoshida M, Yoshida A, Yoshida H, Satomi K, Sukeda A, Hashimoto T, Shimizu T, Iwasa S, Yonemori K, Kato K, Morizane C, Ogawa C, Tanabe N, Sugano K, Hiraoka N, Tamura K, Yoshida T, Fujiwara Y, Ochiai A, Yamamoto N, Kohno T. Feasibility and utility of a panel testing for 114 cancer-associated genes in a clinical setting: A hospital-based study. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1480-1490. [PMID: 30742731 PMCID: PMC6447843 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of tumor tissue (ie, clinical sequencing) can guide clinical management by providing information about actionable gene aberrations that have diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Here, we undertook a hospital-based prospective study (TOP-GEAR project, 2nd stage) to investigate the feasibility and utility of NGS-based analysis of 114 cancer-associated genes (the NCC Oncopanel test). We examined 230 cases (comprising more than 30 tumor types) of advanced solid tumors, all of which were matched with nontumor samples. Gene profiling data were obtained for 187 cases (81.3%), 111 (59.4%) of which harbored actionable gene aberrations according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Next Generation Sequencing in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment (Edition 1.0) issued by 3 major Japanese cancer-related societies. Twenty-five (13.3%) cases have since received molecular-targeted therapy according to their gene aberrations. These results indicate the utility of tumor-profiling multiplex gene panel testing in a clinical setting in Japan. This study is registered with UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000011141).
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16
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Baba K, Tanaka H, Sakamoto H, Shiratori T, Tsuchiya J, Ishioka Y, Itoga M, Taima K, Tasaka S. Efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with both high PD-L1 expression and an MET exon 14 skipping mutation: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:369-372. [PMID: 30600919 PMCID: PMC6360217 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pembrolizumab has become the standard first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with high PD-L1expression. MET exon 14 skipping is a rare mutation typically found in older, female, and non-smoking patients with NSCLC. Herein, we report the case of a 71-year-old non-smoking woman who was diagnosed with NSCLC in the left lung. EGFR mutation and ALK fusion were not detected. Because the biopsy specimen showed high PD-L1 expression with a tumor proportion score of 95%, pembrolizumab was introduced as first-line therapy, but resulted in no clinical benefit. The patient was subsequently administered chemotherapy with carboplatin and pemetrexed, leading to remarkable tumor shrinkage. A next-generation sequencing panel analysis revealed a MET exon 14 skipping mutation. Thus, pembrolizumab might not be effective for NSCLC patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations, even if PD-L1 expression is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Baba
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Hiroaki Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Toshihiro Shiratori
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Junichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Yoshiko Ishioka
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Masamichi Itoga
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Kageaki Taima
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Sadatomo Tasaka
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
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17
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Asao T, Takahashi F, Takahashi K. Resistance to molecularly targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Respir Investig 2019; 57:20-26. [PMID: 30293943 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of oncogenic driver gene mutations, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion, ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion, and ret proto-oncogene (RET) fusion, has led to the development of molecularly targeted therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This therapy has changed the standard of care for NSCLC. Despite the dramatic response to molecularly targeted therapy, almost all patients ultimately develop resistance to the drugs. To understand the mechanisms of resistance to molecularly targeted agents, it is essential to understand the molecular pathways of NSCLC. Here, we review the mechanisms of resistance to molecularly targeted therapy and discuss strategies to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Asao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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18
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Saito M, Kono K, Kohno T. Identification of a novel therapeutic target in driver-negative non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S218-S220. [PMID: 30393606 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.08.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Ziogas DE, Kyrochristos ID, Roukos DH. Discovering novel valid biomarkers and drugs in patient-centric genomic trials: the new epoch of precision surgical oncology. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1848-1872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Honda T, Sakashita H, Masai K, Totsuka H, Motoi N, Kobayashi M, Akashi T, Mimaki S, Tsuchihara K, Chiku S, Shiraishi K, Shimada Y, Otsuka A, Kanai Y, Okubo K, Watanabe SI, Tsuta K, Inase N, Kohno T. Deleterious Pulmonary Surfactant System Gene Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinomas Associated With Usual Interstitial Pneumonia. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-24. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a risk factor for lung carcinogenesis. This study was performed to characterize mutagenesis and mutational target genes underlying lung carcinogenesis in patients with UIP. Patients and Methods A cohort of 691 Japanese patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), of whom 54 had UIP and 637 did not, was studied for driver oncogene aberrations. Whole-exome analysis was performed for 296 cases, including 51 with UIP, to deduce mutagenic processes and identify commonly affected genes. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect associations of gene aberrations with clinicopathological factors. Results The EGFR mutation was markedly less prevalent in patients with LADC with UIP than in those without (1.9% [one of 54] v. 49.9% [318 of 637]; P < .001), even in heavy smokers (25.3% [38 of 150] of patients with > 40 pack-years; P < .001). Mutational signature analysis indicated that UIP-positive LADCs develop through accumulation of single-nucleotide and indel mutations caused by smoking. Pulmonary surfactant system genes (PSSGs) NKX2-1/TTF1, SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, and SFTPC were identified as targets for mutations (preferentially indels), and mutations were specifically associated with shorter overall survival of patients with UIP-positive LADC, independent of pathologic stage (hazard ratio, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 14.4; P = .0037). Conclusion LADCs with UIP develop through mutational events caused by smoking, independently of EGFR mutation. PSSGs were identified as a mutational target and as a novel prognostic factor in UIP-positive LADC. PSSG deficiency might increase the malignancy of tumor cells by increasing the tumor-promoting effects of UIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Honda
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Hiroyuki Sakashita
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Kyohei Masai
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Hirohiko Totsuka
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Suenori Chiku
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Yoko Shimada
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Ayaka Otsuka
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Yae Kanai
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Shun-ichi Watanabe
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Naohiko Inase
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Takayuki Honda, Kouya Shiraishi, Yoko Shimada, Ayaka Otsuka, and Takashi Kohno, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku; Takayuki Honda, Hiroyuki Sakashita, Masashi Kobayashi, Takumi Akashi, Kenichi Okubo, and Naohiko Inase, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku; Kyohei Masai, Noriko Motoi, and Shun-ichi Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku; Kyohei Masai and Yae Kanai, Keio University School of Medicine, Sinjuku-ku; Hirohiko Totsuka, StaGen, Taito-ku; Suenori Chiku,
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21
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Saito M, Shiraishi K, Goto A, Suzuki H, Kohno T, Kono K. Development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for treatment of small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018; 48:603-608. [PMID: 29762727 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy against druggable genetic aberrations has shown a significantly positive response rate and longer survival in various cancers, including lung cancer. In lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), specific thyroxin kinase inhibitors against EGFR mutations and ALK fusions are used as a standard treatment regimen and show significant positive efficacy. On the other hand, targeted therapy against driver gene aberrations has not been adapted yet in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This is because driver genes and druggable aberrations are rarely identified by next generation sequencing in SCLC. Recent advances in the understanding of molecular biology have revealed several candidate therapeutic targets. To date, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) or delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL3) are considered to be druggable targets in SCLC. In addition, another candidate of personalized therapy for SCLC is immune blockade therapy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is not a standard therapy for SCLC, so many clinical trials have been performed to investigate its efficacy. Herein, we review gene aberrations exploring the utility of targeted therapy and discuss blockade of immune checkpoints therapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Saito
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo.,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine.,Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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22
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Fujiwara Y, Saito M, Robles AI, Nishida M, Takeshita F, Watanabe M, Ochiya T, Yokota J, Kohno T, Harris CC, Tsuchiya N. A Nucleolar Stress-Specific p53-miR-101 Molecular Circuit Functions as an Intrinsic Tumor-Suppressor Network. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:33-48. [PMID: 30049386 PMCID: PMC6085539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of intrinsic p53 tumor-suppressor (TS) pathways is an important principle underlying cancer chemotherapy. It is necessary to elucidate the precise regulatory mechanisms of these networks to create new treatment strategies. Methods Comprehensive analyses were carried out by microarray. Expression of miR-101 was analyzed by clinical samples of lung adenocarcinomas. Findings We discovered a functional link between p53 and miR-101, which form a molecular circuit in response to nucleolar stress. Inhibition of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription resulted in the post-transcriptional activation of miR-101 in a p53-dependent manner. miR-101 induced G2 phase–specific feedback regulation of p53 through direct repression of its target, EG5, resulting in elevated phosphorylation of ATM. In lung cancer patients, low expression of miR-101 was associated with significantly poorer prognosis exclusively in p53 WT cases. miR-101 sensitized cancer cells to Pol I transcription inhibitors and strongly repressed xenograft growth in mice. Interestingly, the most downstream targets of this circuit included the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Repression of cIAP1 by a selective inhibitor, birinapant, promoted activation of the apoptosis induced by Pol I transcription inhibitor in p53 WT cancer cells. Interpretation Our findings indicate that the p53–miR-101 circuit is a component of an intrinsic TS network formed by nucleolar stress, and that mimicking activation of this circuit represents a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Fund National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports & Technology of Japan, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4258, USA
| | - Momoyo Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory for Medical Engineering, Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Medical Engineering, Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4258, USA
| | - Naoto Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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23
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Acquisition of an oncogenic fusion protein serves as an initial driving mutation by inducing aneuploidy and overriding proliferative defects. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62814-62835. [PMID: 27588498 PMCID: PMC5325330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While many solid tumors are defined by the presence of a particular oncogene, the role that this oncogene plays in driving transformation through the acquisition of aneuploidy and overcoming growth arrest are often not known. Further, although aneuploidy is present in many solid tumors, it is not clear whether it is the cause or effect of malignant transformation. The childhood sarcoma, Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), is primarily defined by the t(2;13)(q35;q14) translocation, creating the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein. It is unclear what role PAX3-FOXO1 plays in the initial stages of tumor development through the acquisition and persistence of aneuploidy. In this study we demonstrate that PAX3-FOXO1 serves as a driver mutation to initiate a cascade of mRNA and miRNA changes that ultimately reprogram proliferating myoblasts to induce the formation of ARMS. We present evidence that cells containing PAX3-FOXO1 have changes in the expression of mRNA and miRNA essential for maintaining proper chromosome number and structure thereby promoting aneuploidy. Further, we demonstrate that the presence of PAX3-FOXO1 alters the expression of growth factor related mRNA and miRNA, thereby overriding aneuploid-dependent growth arrest. Finally, we present evidence that phosphorylation of PAX3-FOXO1 contributes to these changes. This is one of the first studies describing how an oncogene and post-translational modifications drive the development of a tumor through the acquisition and persistence of aneuploidy. This mechanism has implications for other solid tumors where large-scale genomics studies may elucidate how global alterations contribute to tumor phenotypes allowing the development of much needed multi-faceted tumor-specific therapeutic regimens.
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24
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Saito M, Fujiwara Y, Asao T, Honda T, Shimada Y, Kanai Y, Tsuta K, Kono K, Watanabe S, Ohe Y, Kohno T. The genomic and epigenomic landscape in thymic carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1084-1091. [PMID: 28968686 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare cancer whose genomic features have been examined in only a limited number of patients of European descent. Here, we characterized both genomic and epigenomic aberrations by whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, methylation array and copy number analyses in TCs from Asian patients and compared them with those in TCs from USA/European patients. Samples analyzed were 10 pairs of snap-frozen surgical specimens of cancerous and non-cancerous thymic tissue. All 10 cases were Japanese patients treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, between 1994 and 2010. Mutational signature analysis indicated that the accumulation of age-related mutations drive TC development. We identified recurrent somatic mutations in TET2, CYLD, SETD2, TP53, FBXW7, HRAS and RB1, and no mutations in GTF2I, supporting the hypothesis that TC and thymoma are distinguishable by their genetic profiles. TCs with TET2 mutations had more hypermethylated genes than those without, and hyper-methylation was associated with downregulation of gene expression. Focal genome copy number gains, associated with elevated gene expression, were observed at the KIT (which is known to drive thymic carcinogenesis) and AHNAK2 gene loci. Taken together, the results suggest that the molecular processes leading to TC depend on the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. In addition, epigenetic dysregulation as a result of the TET2 mutation was observed in a subset of TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Saito
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Asao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimada
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shunichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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25
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Climente-González H, Porta-Pardo E, Godzik A, Eyras E. The Functional Impact of Alternative Splicing in Cancer. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2215-2226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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26
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Dugay F, Llamas-Gutierrez F, Gournay M, Medane S, Mazet F, Chiforeanu DC, Becker E, Lamy R, Léna H, Rioux-Leclercq N, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Cabillic F. Clinicopathological characteristics of ROS1- and RET-rearranged NSCLC in caucasian patients: Data from a cohort of 713 non-squamous NSCLC lacking KRAS/EGFR/HER2/BRAF/PIK3CA/ALK alterations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53336-53351. [PMID: 28881815 PMCID: PMC5581114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have substantially changed the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with driver oncogenes. Given the high frequency, EGFR and ALK aberrations were the first to be detected and paved the way for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatments. Other kinases such as ROS1 and more recently RET have emerged as promising targets, and ROS1 and RET TKIs are already available for precision medicine. We screened a large cohort of 713 Caucasian non-squamous NSCLC patients lacking EGFR/KRAS/BRAF/HER2/PI3KCA/ALK aberrations for ROS1 and RET rearrangements using fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine the frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of ROS1- and RET-positive patients. Frequencies of ROS1 and RET rearrangements were 2.1% and 2.52%, respectively. Contrary to common belief, both ROS1 and RET rearrangements were detected in patients with a history of smoking, and the RET-positive patients were not younger than the negative patients. Moreover, RET but not ROS1 rearrangement was associated with the female gender. Nearly half of the ROS1-rearranged patients were successfully treated with ROS1 TKIs. In contrast, only 5/18 RET-positive patients received off-label RET TKIs. Two patients had stable disease, and three experienced disease progression. In addition to the 18 RET-positive cases, 10 showed isolated 5' signals. The clinical relevance is unknown but if the frequency is confirmed by other groups, the question whether these patients are eligible to TKIs will arise. More potent RET TKIs are under development and may improve the response rate in RET-positive patients. Therefore, we recommend the routine implementation of RET testing in non-squamous NSCLC patients, including those with a history of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dugay
- Department of Cytogenetics and Cell Biology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.,IRSET UMR INSERM 1085, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Marjory Gournay
- Department of Cytogenetics and Cell Biology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Medane
- Department of Cytogenetics and Cell Biology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - François Mazet
- Department of Cytogenetics and Cell Biology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Becker
- IRSET UMR INSERM 1085, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Régine Lamy
- Department of Pneumology, CHU de Lorient, Lorient, France
| | - Hervé Léna
- Department of Pneumology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
- IRSET UMR INSERM 1085, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau
- Department of Cytogenetics and Cell Biology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.,IRSET UMR INSERM 1085, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Florian Cabillic
- Department of Cytogenetics and Cell Biology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.,INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes 1, Université Bretagne Loire, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France
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27
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Yoshida A, Kobayashi E, Kubo T, Kodaira M, Motoi T, Motoi N, Yonemori K, Ohe Y, Watanabe SI, Kawai A, Kohno T, Kishimoto H, Ichikawa H, Hiraoka N. Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas with comparison to potentially related entities. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:797-809. [PMID: 28256572 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies suggest critical tumor suppressor roles of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in a variety of human cancers. The recent discovery of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas has added to the list of tumor groups with the SMARCA4 inactivating mutation. To better characterize these tumors and establish their nosological status, we undertook a clinicopathological and molecular analysis of 12 SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas and compared them with three potentially related disease entities. Eleven men and one woman with SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas (aged 27-82 years, median 39 years) were included in the study. Most of the patients had heavy smoking exposure and pulmonary emphysema/bullae. The primary tumors were large and involved the thoracic region in all cases and simultaneously affected the abdominal cavity in 3 cases. The patients followed a rapid course, with a median survival of 7 months. Histologically, all tumors showed diffuse sheets of mildly dyscohesive, relatively monotonous, and undifferentiated epithelioid cells with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, all tumors demonstrated a complete absence (8 cases) or diffuse severe reduction (4 cases) of SMARCA4 expression. Cytokeratin, CD34, SOX2, SALL4, and p53 were expressed in 6/12, 10/12, 10/12, 10/12, and 7/10 cases, respectively. SMARCA2 expression was deficient in 11/12 cases, and none (0/8) expressed claudin-4. Targeted sequencing was performed in 5 cases and demonstrated the inactivating SMARCA4 mutation in each case and uncovered alterations in TP53 (5/5), NF1 (2/5), CDKN2A (2/5), KRAS (1/5), and KEAP1 (1/5), among others. Comparative analysis supported the distinctiveness of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas as they were distinguishable from 13 malignant rhabdoid tumors, 15 epithelioid sarcomas, and 12 SMARCA4-deficient lung carcinomas based on clinicopathological and immunohistochemical grounds. SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas constitute a unique, highly lethal entity that requires full recognition and differentiation from other epithelioid malignancies involving the thoracic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research &Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kodaira
- Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research &Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Treatment of lung adenocarcinoma by molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Surg Today 2017; 48:1-8. [PMID: 28280984 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is a cancer treatable using targeted therapies against driver gene aberrations. EGFR mutations and ALK fusions are frequent gene aberrations in LADC, and personalized therapies against those aberrations have become a standard therapy. These targeted therapies have shown significant positive efficacy and tolerable toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy, so it is necessary to identify additional druggable genetic aberrations. Other than EGFR mutations and ALK fusions, mutations in KRAS, HER2, and BRAF, and driver fusions involving RET and ROS1, have also been identified in LADC. Interestingly, the frequency of driver gene aberrations differs according to ethnicity, sex, and smoking, which leads to differences in treatment efficacy. To date, several molecular-targeted drugs against driver genes have been developed, and several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy. However, targeted therapies against driver-gene-negative cases have not yet been well developed. Efforts to identify a new druggable target for such cases are currently underway. Furthermore, immune checkpoint blockade therapy might be effective for driver-negative cases, especially those with accumulated mutations.
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29
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Macintyre G, Ylstra B, Brenton JD. Sequencing Structural Variants in Cancer for Precision Therapeutics. Trends Genet 2016; 32:530-542. [PMID: 27478068 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of mutations that guide therapy selection for patients with cancer is now routine in many clinical centres. The majority of assays used for solid tumour profiling use DNA sequencing to interrogate somatic point mutations because they are relatively easy to identify and interpret. Many cancers, however, including high-grade serous ovarian, oesophageal, and small-cell lung cancer, are driven by somatic structural variants that are not measured by these assays. Therefore, there is currently an unmet need for clinical assays that can cheaply and rapidly profile structural variants in solid tumours. In this review we survey the landscape of 'actionable' structural variants in cancer and identify promising detection strategies based on massively-parallel sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff Macintyre
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK.
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30
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Huang Q, Schneeberger VE, Luetteke N, Jin C, Afzal R, Budzevich MM, Makanji RJ, Martinez GV, Shen T, Zhao L, Fung KM, Haura EB, Coppola D, Wu J. Preclinical Modeling of KIF5B-RET Fusion Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2521-2529. [PMID: 27496134 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RET fusions have been found in lung adenocarcinoma, of which KIF5B-RET is the most prevalent. We established inducible KIF5B-RET transgenic mice and KIF5B-RET-dependent cell lines for preclinical modeling of KIF5B-RET-associated lung adenocarcinoma. Doxycycline-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-KIF5B-RET transgenic mice developed invasive lung adenocarcinoma with desmoplastic reaction. Tumors regressed upon suppression of KIF5B-RET expression. By culturing KIF5B-RET-dependent BaF3 (B/KR) cells with increasing concentrations of cabozantinib or vandetanib, we identified cabozantinib-resistant RETV804L mutation and vandetanib-resistant-RETG810A mutation. Among cabozantinib, lenvatinib, ponatinib, and vandetanib, ponatinib was identified as the most potent inhibitor against KIF5B-RET and its drug-resistant mutants. Interestingly, the vandetanib-resistant KIF5B-RETG810A mutant displayed gain-of-sensitivity (GOS) to ponatinib and lenvatinib. Treatment of doxycycline-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-KIF5B-RET bitransgenic mice with ponatinib effectively induced tumor regression. These results indicate that KIF5B-RET-associated lung tumors are addicted to the fusion oncogene and ponatinib is the most effective inhibitor for targeting KIF5B-RET in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, this study finds a novel vandetanib-resistant RETG810A mutation and identifies lenvatinib and ponatinib as the secondary drugs to overcome this vandetanib resistance mechanism. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2521-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Valentina E Schneeberger
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Noreen Luetteke
- Small Animal Modeling and Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chengliu Jin
- Transgenic and Gene Targeting Core, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roha Afzal
- Small Animal Modeling and Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mikalai M Budzevich
- Small Animal Modeling and Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rikesh J Makanji
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gary V Martinez
- Small Animal Modeling and Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Tao Shen
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lichao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. Department of Oncology Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Oncology Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida. Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Department of Oncology Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
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31
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Saito M, Shiraishi K, Kunitoh H, Takenoshita S, Yokota J, Kohno T. Gene aberrations for precision medicine against lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:713-20. [PMID: 27027665 PMCID: PMC4968599 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), the most frequent histological type of lung cancer, is often triggered by an aberration in a driver oncogene in tumor cells. Examples of such aberrations are EGFR mutation and ALK fusion. Lung adenocarcinoma harboring such mutations can be treated with anticancer drugs that target the aberrant gene products. Additional oncogene aberrations, including RET,ROS1, and NRG1 fusions, skipping of exon 14 of MET, and mutations in BRAF,HER2,NF1, and MEK1, were recently added to the list of such “druggable” driver oncogene aberrations, and their responses to targeted therapies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. However, approximately 30% and 50% of LADCs in patients in Japan and Europe/USA, respectively, lack the driver oncogene aberrations listed above. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies, such as those that exploit the vulnerabilities of cancer cells with non‐oncogene aberrations, are urgently required. This review summarizes the current status of research on precision medicine against LADC and enumerates the research priorities for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Saito
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Kunitoh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Genome Biology Group, Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Multiplex Diagnosis of Oncogenic Fusion and MET Exon Skipping by Molecular Counting Using Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded Lung Adenocarcinoma Tissues. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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Seki Y, Mizukami T, Kohno T. Molecular Process Producing Oncogene Fusion in Lung Cancer Cells by Illegitimate Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2464-76. [PMID: 26437441 PMCID: PMC4693243 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of oncogenes by fusion to partner genes, caused by chromosome translocation and inversion, is a critical genetic event driving lung carcinogenesis. Fusions of the tyrosine kinase genes ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), ROS1 (c-ros oncogene 1), or RET (rearranged during transfection) occur in 1%–5% of lung adenocarcinomas (LADCs) and their products constitute therapeutic targets for kinase inhibitory drugs. Interestingly, ALK, RET, and ROS1 fusions occur preferentially in LADCs of never- and light-smokers, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms that cause these rearrangements are smoking-independent. In this study, using previously reported next generation LADC genome sequencing data of the breakpoint junction structures of chromosome rearrangements that cause oncogenic fusions in human cancer cells, we employed the structures of breakpoint junctions of ALK, RET, and ROS1 fusions in 41 LADC cases as “traces” to deduce the molecular processes of chromosome rearrangements caused by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and illegitimate joining. We found that gene fusion was produced by illegitimate repair of DSBs at unspecified sites in genomic regions of a few kb through DNA synthesis-dependent or -independent end-joining pathways, according to DSB type. This information will assist in the understanding of how oncogene fusions are generated and which etiological factors trigger them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Seki
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Tatsuji Mizukami
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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