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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Bailes J, Soloviev M. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Its Monitoring in Medical Diagnostic and in Sports. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020217. [PMID: 33557137 PMCID: PMC7913862 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the principal mediator of growth hormone (GH), plays a crucial role in promoting cell growth and differentiation in childhood and continues to have an anabolic effect in adults. IGF-1 is part of a wide network of growth factors, receptors and binding proteins involved in mediating cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Bioavailability of IGF-1 is affected by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) which bind IGF-1 in circulation with an affinity equal to or greater than that of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). The six IGFBPs serve as carrier proteins and bind approximately 98% of all circulating IGF-1. Other proteins known to bind IGF-1 include ten IGFBP-related proteins (IGFBP-rPs), albeit with lower affinities than the IGFBPs. IGF-1 expression levels vary in a number of clinical conditions suggesting it has the potential to provide crucial information as to the state of an individual’s health. IGF-1 is also a popular doping agent in sport and has featured in many high-profile doping cases in recent years. However, the existence of IGFBPs significantly reduces the levels of immunoreactive IGF-1 in samples, requiring multiple pre-treatment steps that reduce reproducibility and complicates interpretation of IGF-1 assay results. Here we provide an overview of the IGF network of growth factors, their receptors and the entirety of the extended family of IGFBPs, IGFBP-rPs, E peptides as well as recombinant IGF-1 and their derivatives. We also discuss issues related to the detection and quantification of bioavailable IGF-1.
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Harrison S, Lennon R, Holly J, Higgins JPT, Gardner M, Perks C, Gaunt T, Tan V, Borwick C, Emmet P, Jeffreys M, Northstone K, Rinaldi S, Thomas S, Turner SD, Pease A, Vilenchick V, Martin RM, Lewis SJ. Does milk intake promote prostate cancer initiation or progression via effects on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:497-528. [PMID: 28361446 PMCID: PMC5400803 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish whether the association between milk intake and prostate cancer operates via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway (including IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3). METHODS Systematic review, collating data from all relevant studies examining associations of milk with IGF, and those examining associations of IGF with prostate cancer risk and progression. Data were extracted from experimental and observational studies conducted in either humans or animals, and analyzed using meta-analysis where possible, with summary data presented otherwise. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-two studies met the inclusion criteria: 31 examining the milk-IGF relationship; 132 examining the IGF-prostate cancer relationship in humans; and 10 animal studies examining the IGF-prostate cancer relationship. There was moderate evidence that circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 increase with milk (and dairy protein) intake (an estimated standardized effect size of 0.10 SD increase in IGF-I and 0.05 SD in IGFBP-3 per 1 SD increase in milk intake). There was moderate evidence that prostate cancer risk increased with IGF-I (Random effects meta-analysis OR per SD increase in IGF-I 1.09; 95% CI 1.03, 1.16; n = 51 studies) and decreased with IGFBP-3 (OR 0.90; 0.83, 0.98; n = 39 studies), but not with other growth factors. The IGFBP-3 -202A/C single nucleotide polymorphism was positively associated with prostate cancer (pooled OR for A/C vs. AA = 1.22; 95% CI 0.84, 1.79; OR for C/C vs. AA = 1.51; 1.03, 2.21, n = 8 studies). No strong associations were observed for IGF-II, IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-2 with either milk intake or prostate cancer risk. There was little consistency within the data extracted from the small number of animal studies. There was additional evidence to suggest that the suppression of IGF-II can reduce tumor size, and contradictory evidence with regards to the effect of IGFBP-3 suppression on tumor progression. CONCLUSION IGF-I is a potential mechanism underlying the observed associations between milk intake and prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Harrison
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosie Lennon
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeff Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences at North Bristol, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian P T Higgins
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mike Gardner
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences at North Bristol, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom Gaunt
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vanessa Tan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cath Borwick
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pauline Emmet
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mona Jeffreys
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Stephen Thomas
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences,, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anna Pease
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vicky Vilenchick
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, BS2 8AE, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Travis RC, Appleby PN, Martin RM, Holly JM, Albanes D, Black A, Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Chan JM, Chen C, Chirlaque MD, Cook MB, Deschasaux M, Donovan JL, Ferrucci L, Galan P, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Gunter MJ, Habel LA, Hamdy FC, Helzlsouer KJ, Hercberg S, Hoover RN, Janssen JA, Kaaks R, Kubo T, Le Marchand L, Metter EJ, Mikami K, Morris JK, Neal DE, Neuhouser ML, Ozasa K, Palli D, Platz EA, Pollak M, Price AJ, Roobol MJ, Schaefer C, Schenk JM, Severi G, Stampfer MJ, Stattin P, Tamakoshi A, Tangen CM, Touvier M, Wald NJ, Weiss NS, Ziegler RG, Key TJ, Allen NE. A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data Reveals an Association between Circulating Levels of IGF-I and Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2288-2300. [PMID: 26921328 PMCID: PMC4873385 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in prostate cancer development is not fully understood. To investigate the association between circulating concentrations of IGFs (IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3) and prostate cancer risk, we pooled individual participant data from 17 prospective and two cross-sectional studies, including up to 10,554 prostate cancer cases and 13,618 control participants. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs for prostate cancer based on the study-specific fifth of each analyte. Overall, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 concentrations were positively associated with prostate cancer risk (Ptrend all ≤ 0.005), and IGFBP-1 was inversely associated weakly with risk (Ptrend = 0.05). However, heterogeneity between the prospective and cross-sectional studies was evident (Pheterogeneity = 0.03), unless the analyses were restricted to prospective studies (with the exception of IGF-II, Pheterogeneity = 0.02). For prospective studies, the OR for men in the highest versus the lowest fifth of each analyte was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.43) for IGF-I, 0.81 (0.68-0.96) for IGFBP-1, and 1.25 (1.12-1.40) for IGFBP-3. These associations did not differ significantly by time-to-diagnosis or tumor stage or grade. After mutual adjustment for each of the other analytes, only IGF-I remained associated with risk. Our collaborative study represents the largest pooled analysis of the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of IGF-I, providing strong evidence that IGF-I is highly likely to be involved in prostate cancer development. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2288-300. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, and National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeff M.P. Holly
- School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H.B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Dt. for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, and Dt. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dt. of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - June M. Chan
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Urology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Kathy J. Helzlsouer
- The Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Kazuya Mikami
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joan K. Morris
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | | | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alison J. Price
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Catherine Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jeannette M. Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | | | | | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Deschasaux M, Pouchieu C, His M, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Touvier M. Dietary total and insoluble fiber intakes are inversely associated with prostate cancer risk. J Nutr 2014; 144:504-10. [PMID: 24553693 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.189670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although experimental data suggest a potentially protective involvement of dietary fiber in prostate carcinogenesis, very few prospective studies have investigated the relation between dietary fiber intake and prostate cancer risk, and those have had inconsistent results. Our objective was to study the association between dietary fiber intake (overall, insoluble, soluble, and from different sources, such as cereals, vegetables, fruits, and legumes) and prostate cancer risk. Stratifications by excess weight status, insulin-like growth factors, and amount of alcohol intake were also considered. This prospective analysis included 3313 men from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort who completed at least 3 24-h dietary records. One hundred thirty-nine incident prostate cancers were diagnosed between 1994 and 2007 (median follow-up of 12.6 y). Associations between quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake and prostate cancer risk were characterized by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Prostate cancer risk was inversely associated with total dietary fiber intake (HR of quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.81; P = 0.001), insoluble (HR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.78; P = 0.001), and legume (HR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.95; P = 0.04) fiber intakes. In contrast, we found no association between prostate cancer risk and soluble (P = 0.1), cereal (P = 0.7), vegetable (P = 0.9), and fruit (P = 0.4) fiber intakes. In conclusion, dietary fiber intake (total, insoluble, and from legumes but not soluble or from cereals, vegetables, and fruits) was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, consistent with mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France
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Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. Relationship of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene polymorphism with the susceptibility to development of prostate cancer and influence on serum levels of IGF-I, and IGFBP-3. Growth Horm IGF Res 2011; 21:146-154. [PMID: 21536469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of IGF-I is controlled by the binding protein, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). In addition, IGFBP-3 is a strong anti-proliferative protein that provokes apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in prostate cancer. We conducted this study to investigate the association between IGFBP-3 gene polymorphism and serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). DNA isolation was performed in peripheral blood samples obtained from all participants. Required areas were amplified with polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RLFP) technique by using proper primers belonging to this gene area. We also measured serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. The IGFBP-3 -202 A/C polymorphism genotype frequencies showed a significant difference between PCa patients and controls (χ(2)=6.27, df=2.0, P=0.026), as well as between BPH patients and controls (χ(2)=11.57, df=4.0, P=0.014). The AA genotype frequency was significantly decreased in PCa and BPH patients compared to control group and the risk of PCa and BPH occurrence of this genotype was decreased accordingly (PCa; OR=0.28, 95% CI=0.17-0.44, P=0.0001; BPH: OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.29-0.77, P=0.001). Age-adjusted mean serum IGFBP-3 concentrations were highest in the individuals with the AA genotype and diminished significantly in a stepwise manner in the presence of 1 or 2 copies of the C allele (4577 ng/ml, 3929 ng/ml and 3349 ng/ml, respectively). Patients with PCa and BPH had lower serum IGF-1 (P=0.001, and P=0.01, respectively) and IGFBP-3 levels (P=0.001, and P=0.01, respectively) compared with controls. The AA genotype at IGFBP-3 gene polymorphism is associated with reduced risks of PCa and BPH. Both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations, are associated with modified risks of PCa and BPH.
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Nimptsch K, Platz EA, Pollak MN, Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 is positively associated with low-grade prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study 1993-2004. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:660-7. [PMID: 20473871 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a role in growth and progression of prostate cancer. High circulating IGF-1 levels have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Results for IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are inconclusive. Some studies have indicated that the positive association with IGF-1 is observed only for low-grade prostate cancer (Gleason sum < 7). We previously reported in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) a direct positive association between ELISA-measured plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and risk of prostate cancer (462 cases diagnosed after providing a blood specimen (between 1993 and 1995), but before February 1998). With additional follow-up through January 31st 2004, and 1,331 case-control pairs in total, we were now able to investigate low-grade (Gleason sum < 7, n = 635) and high-grade (Gleason sum ≥ 7, n = 515) prostate cancer separately. Matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. ORs of total prostate cancer comparing top to bottom quartiles were 1.41 (95% CI 1.12-1.78, p-trend = 0.001) for IGF-1 and 1.58 (95% CI 1.24-2.01, p-trend = 0.003) for IGFBP-3. IGF-1 was more strongly associated with low-grade (OR = 1.61 top versus bottom quartile, 95% CI 1.16-2.25, p-trend = 0.01), than with high-grade (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.89-1.88, p-trend = 0.12) prostate cancer (p-heterogeneity = 0.08). We hypothesize that these findings reflect that high-grade prostate cancers are more autonomous, and, thus, less sensitive to the action of IGF-1 than low-grade cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nimptsch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Rowlands MA, Gunnell D, Harris R, Vatten LJ, Holly JMP, Martin RM. Circulating insulin-like growth factor peptides and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:2416-29. [PMID: 19142965 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) and their binding proteins (IGFBP-1-6) play a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, suggesting possible involvement in carcinogenesis. Several epidemiological studies show associations of IGFs with prostate cancer. We searched the published literature for all studies relating levels of IGFs or IGFBPs with prostate cancer. We performed random effects meta-analysis to calculate summary odds ratios. The number of studies (prostate cancer cases) included in each meta-analysis were 42 (7,481) IGF-I; 10 (923) IGF-II; 3 (485) IGFBP-1; 5 (577) IGFBP-2; 29 (6,541) IGFBP-3 and 11 (3,545) IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio. The pooled odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) per standard deviation increase in peptide were: IGF-I, OR = 1.21 (1.07, 1.36); IGF-II, OR = 1.17 (0.93, 1.47); IGFBP-1, OR = 1.21 (0.62, 2.33); IGFBP-2, OR = 1.18 (0.90, 1.54); IGFBP-3, OR = 0.88 (0.79, 0.98); IGFI:IGFBP-3 ratio, OR = 1.10 (0.97, 1.24). For all exposures, there was substantial heterogeneity (all I(2) > 75%), partly explained by study design: the magnitude of associations was smaller in prospective vs. retrospective studies, and for IGFBP-3, the inverse association with prostate cancer risk was seen in retrospective but not prospective studies. There was weak evidence that associations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 with prostate cancer were stronger for advanced disease. Our meta-analysis confirms that raised circulating lGF-I is positively associated with prostate cancer risk. Associations between IGFBP-3 and prostate cancer were inconsistent, and there was little evidence for a role of IGF-II, IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-2 in prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Rowlands
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Roddam AW, Allen NE, Appleby P, Key TJ, Ferrucci L, Carter HB, Metter EJ, Chen C, Weiss NS, Fitzpatrick A, Hsing AW, Lacey JV, Helzlsouer K, Rinaldi S, Riboli E, Kaaks R, Janssen JAMJL, Wildhagen MF, Schröder FH, Platz EA, Pollak M, Giovannucci E, Schaefer C, Quesenberry CP, Vogelman JH, Severi G, English DR, Giles GG, Stattin P, Hallmans G, Johansson M, Chan JM, Gann P, Oliver SE, Holly JM, Donovan J, Meyer F, Bairati I, Galan P. Insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins, and prostate cancer risk: analysis of individual patient data from 12 prospective studies. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149:461-71, W83-8. [PMID: 18838726 PMCID: PMC2584869 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-7-200810070-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some, but not all, published results have shown an association between circulating blood levels of some insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the subsequent risk for prostate cancer. PURPOSE To assess the association between levels of IGFs and IGFBPs and the subsequent risk for prostate cancer. DATA SOURCES Studies identified in PubMed, Web of Science, and CancerLit. STUDY SELECTION The principal investigators of all studies that published data on circulating concentrations of sex steroids, IGFs, or IGFBPs and prostate cancer risk using prospectively collected blood samples were invited to collaborate. DATA EXTRACTION Investigators provided individual participant data on circulating concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-II, and IGFBP-III and participant characteristics to a central data set in Oxford, United Kingdom. DATA SYNTHESIS The study included data on 3700 men with prostate cancer and 5200 control participants. On average, case patients were 61.5 years of age at blood collection and received a diagnosis of prostate cancer 5 years after blood collection. The greater the serum IGF-I concentration, the greater the subsequent risk for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] in the highest vs. lowest quintile, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.19 to 1.60]; P < 0.001 for trend). Neither IGF-II nor IGFBP-II concentrations were associated with prostate cancer risk, but statistical power was limited. Insulin-like growth factor I and IGFBP-III were correlated (r = 0.58), and although IGFBP-III concentration seemed to be associated with prostate cancer risk, this was secondary to its association with IGF-I levels. Insulin-like growth factor I concentrations seemed to be more positively associated with low-grade than high-grade disease; otherwise, the association between IGFs and IGFBPs and prostate cancer risk had no statistically significant heterogeneity related to stage or grade of disease, time between blood collection and diagnosis, age and year of diagnosis, prostate-specific antigen level at recruitment, body mass index, smoking, or alcohol intake. LIMITATIONS Insulin-like growth factor concentrations were measured in only 1 sample for each participant, and the laboratory methods to measure IGFs differed in each study. Not all patients had disease stage or grade information, and the diagnosis of prostate cancer may differ among the studies. CONCLUSION High circulating IGF-I concentrations are associated with a moderately increased risk for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Roddam
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
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10
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Anzo M, Cobb LJ, Hwang DL, Mehta H, Said JW, Yakar S, LeRoith D, Cohen P. Targeted deletion of hepatic Igf1 in TRAMP mice leads to dramatic alterations in the circulating insulin-like growth factor axis but does not reduce tumor progression. Cancer Res 2008; 68:3342-9. [PMID: 18451161 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of systemic and local insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the development of prostate cancer is still controversial. Transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice express the SV40 T-antigen under the control of the probasin promoter, and spontaneously develop prostate cancer. We crossed TRAMP mice with liver IGF-deficient (LID) mice to produce LID-TRAMP mice, a mouse model of prostate cancer with low serum IGF-I, to allow us to study the effect of circulatory IGF-I levels on the development of prostate cancer. LID mice have a targeted deletion of the hepatic Igf1 gene but retain normal expression of Igf1 in extrahepatic tissues. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in LID and LID-TRAMP mice were measured using novel assays, which showed that they are approximately 10% and 60% of control L/L- mice, respectively. Serum growth hormone (GH) levels of LID-TRAMP mice were 3.5-fold elevated relative to L/L-TRAMP mice (P < 0.001), but IGFBP-2 levels were not different. Surprisingly, rates of survival, metastasis, and the ratio of genitourinary tissue weight to body weight were not significantly different between LID-TRAMP and L/L-TRAMP mice. There was also no difference in the pathologic stage of the prostate cancer between the two groups at 9 to 19 weeks of age. LID-TRAMP tumors displayed increased levels of GH receptors and increased Akt phosphorylation. These results are in striking contrast with the published model of the GH-deficient lit/lit-TRAMP, which has smaller tumors and improved survival, and indicate that the reduction in systemic IGF-I is not sufficient to inhibit prostate cancer tumor progression in the TRAMP model, which may require a reduction of GH levels as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anzo
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Weiss JM, Huang WY, Rinaldi S, Fears TR, Chatterjee N, Chia D, Crawford ED, Kaaks R, Hayes RB. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3: Risk of prostate cancer among men in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2267-73. [PMID: 17597108 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 may influence risk of prostate cancer through their roles in cellular growth, metabolism and apoptosis, however, epidemiologic results have been inconsistent. The role of obesity in prostate cancer risk is not clearly understood, but hyperinsulinemia-related increases in bioactive IGF-1 levels, associated with obesity, could be a component of the relationship between the IGF-axis and prostate cancer. We conducted a nested case-control study in the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial to examine associations between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and risk of prostate cancer. A total of 727 incident prostate cancer cases and 887 matched controls were selected for this analysis. There was no clear overall association between IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio (IGFmr) and prostate cancer risk, however, IGFmr was associated with risk in obese men (BMI > 30, p-trend = 0.04), with a greater than 2-fold increased risk in the highest IGFmr quartile (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.10-5.01). Risk was specifically increased for aggressive disease in obese men (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.11-7.08). In summary, our large prospective study showed no overall association between the insulin-like growth factor axis and prostate cancer risk, however, IGFmr was related to risk for aggressive prostate cancer in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Weiss
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Allen NE, Key TJ, Appleby PN, Travis RC, Roddam AW, Rinaldi S, Egevad L, Rohrmann S, Linseisen J, Pischon T, Boeing H, Johnsen NF, Tjønneland A, Grønbaek H, Overvad K, Kiemeney L, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Tumino R, Berrino F, Mattiello A, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Quirós JR, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Larrañaga N, Gonzalez C, Sanchez MJ, Trichopoulou A, Travezea C, Trichopoulos D, Jenab M, Ferrari P, Riboli E, Kaaks R. Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF-Binding Protein-3 Concentrations and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1121-7. [PMID: 17548673 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies suggest that elevated serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentrations are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and, in particular, with an increased risk of advanced-stage prostate cancer. METHODS We analyzed the association between prediagnostic serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and prostate cancer risk in a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. This study includes 630 incident prostate cancer cases and 630 matched control subjects. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for prostate cancer risk associated with increasing IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The risk of total prostate cancer in the highest versus the lowest third of serum peptide concentration was 1.35 (95% CI, 0.99-1.82; Ptrend = 0.08) for IGF-I, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.02-1.89; Ptrend = 0.12) for the IGF-I residuals after adjusting for IGFBP-3, 1.22 (95% CI, 0.92-1.64; Ptrend = 0.38) for IGFBP-3, and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.74-1.37; Ptrend = 0.75) for the IGFBP-3 residuals after adjusting for IGF-I. There was no significant difference in the association of peptide hormones and prostate cancer by stage of disease, although the association of serum IGF-I concentration with risk was slightly stronger for advanced-stage disease; the odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest third was 1.65 (95% CI, 0.88-3.08; Ptrend = 0.21) for IGF-I and 1.76 (95% CI, 0.92-3.40; Ptrend = 0.11) for IGF-I adjusted for IGFBP-3. CONCLUSIONS In this large nested case-control study, serum IGF-I concentration is not strongly associated with prostate cancer risk, although the results are compatible with a small increase in risk, particularly for advanced-stage disease; no association for IGFBP-3 was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Allen
- Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
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13
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Morris JK, George LM, Wu T, Wald NJ. Insulin-like growth factors and cancer: no role in screening. Evidence from the BUPA study and meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:112-7. [PMID: 16804529 PMCID: PMC2360494 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured in frozen serum samples from 1051 men with cancer and 3142 controls in a nested case-control study from the British United Provident Association (BUPA) study cohort and associations with 14 cancers were examined, including prostate, colorectal, and lung. A meta-analysis of studies on these three cancer sites was also conducted. In the meta-analysis the odds ratio between the highest quartile IGF-1 group and the lowest quartile group was 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.67) for prostate, 1.37 (1.05-1.78) for colorectal and 1.02 (0.80-1.31) for lung cancer, and for IGF-2 it was 0.72 (0.36-1.44) for prostate and 1.95 (1.26-3.00) for colorectal cancer. Results from the BUPA study were consistent with the estimates from the other studies. There were no statistically significant associations with IGFBP-3 and any of the cancer sites considered. Our results suggest that IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-3 measurements have no value in cancer screening, although IGF-1 and IGF-2 may be of aetiological significance in relation to colorectal and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Morris
- Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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