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Smith-Byrne K, Hedman Å, Dimitriou M, Desai T, Sokolov AV, Schioth HB, Koprulu M, Pietzner M, Langenberg C, Atkins J, Penha RC, McKay J, Brennan P, Zhou S, Richards BJ, Yarmolinsky J, Martin RM, Borlido J, Mu XJ, Butterworth A, Shen X, Wilson J, Assimes TL, Hung RJ, Amos C, Purdue M, Rothman N, Chanock S, Travis RC, Johansson M, Mälarstig A. Identifying therapeutic targets for cancer among 2074 circulating proteins and risk of nine cancers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3621. [PMID: 38684708 PMCID: PMC11059161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating proteins can reveal key pathways to cancer and identify therapeutic targets for cancer prevention. We investigate 2,074 circulating proteins and risk of nine common cancers (bladder, breast, endometrium, head and neck, lung, ovary, pancreas, kidney, and malignant non-melanoma) using cis protein Mendelian randomisation and colocalization. We conduct additional analyses to identify adverse side-effects of altering risk proteins and map cancer risk proteins to drug targets. Here we find 40 proteins associated with common cancers, such as PLAUR and risk of breast cancer [odds ratio per standard deviation increment: 2.27, 1.88-2.74], and with high-mortality cancers, such as CTRB1 and pancreatic cancer [0.79, 0.73-0.85]. We also identify potential adverse effects of protein-altering interventions to reduce cancer risk, such as hypertension. Additionally, we report 18 proteins associated with cancer risk that map to existing drugs and 15 that are not currently under clinical investigation. In sum, we identify protein-cancer links that improve our understanding of cancer aetiology. We also demonstrate that the wider consequence of any protein-altering intervention on well-being and morbidity is required to interpret any utility of proteins as potential future targets for therapeutic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Smith-Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Åsa Hedman
- External Science and Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marios Dimitriou
- External Science and Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Trishna Desai
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandr V Sokolov
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schioth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mine Koprulu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Atkins
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Cortez Penha
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brent J Richards
- Departments of Medicine (Endocrinology), Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joana Borlido
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, USA
| | - Xinmeng J Mu
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, USA
| | - Adam Butterworth
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xia Shen
- Usher Institute, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jim Wilson
- Usher Institute, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Amos
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology Section, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor Medical College, Houston, USA
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- External Science and Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Merabet N, Ramoz N, Boulmaiz A, Bourefis A, Benabdelkrim M, Djeffal O, Moyse E, Tolle V, Berredjem H. SNPs-Panel Polymorphism Variations in GHRL and GHSR Genes Are Not Associated with Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3276. [PMID: 38137497 PMCID: PMC10741232 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major public health problem worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that ghrelin and its receptor could be involved in the susceptibility to several cancers such as PCa, leading to their use as an important predictive way for the clinical progression and prognosis of cancer. However, conflicting results of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor (GHSR) genes were demonstrated in different studies. Thus, the present case-control study was undertaken to investigate the association of GHRL and GHSR polymorphisms with the susceptibility to sporadic PCa. A cohort of 120 PCa patients and 95 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Genotyping of six SNPs was performed: three tag SNPs in GHRL (rs696217, rs4684677, rs3491141) and three tag SNPs in the GHSR (rs2922126, rs572169, rs2948694) using TaqMan. The allele and genotype distribution, as well as haplotypes frequencies and linked disequilibrium (LD), were established. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was used to study gene-gene interactions between the six SNPs. Our results showed no significant association of the target polymorphisms with PCa (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, SNPs are often just markers that help identify or delimit specific genomic regions that may harbour functional variants rather than the variants causing the disease. Furthermore, we found that one GHSR rs2922126, namely the TT genotype, was significantly more frequent in PCa patients than in controls (p = 0.040). These data suggest that this genotype could be a PCa susceptibility genotype. MDR analyses revealed that the rs2922126 and rs572169 combination was the best model, with 81.08% accuracy (p = 0.0001) for predicting susceptibility to PCa. The results also showed a precision of 98.1% (p < 0.0001) and a PR-AUC of 1.00. Our findings provide new insights into the influence of GHRL and GHSR polymorphisms and significant evidence for gene-gene interactions in PCa susceptibility, and they may guide clinical decision-making to prevent overtreatment and enhance patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Merabet
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Unit 85 PRC (Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior), Centre INRAe of Tours, University of Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- University Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), 75014 Paris, France; (N.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Amel Boulmaiz
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Asma Bourefis
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Maroua Benabdelkrim
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Omar Djeffal
- Private Medical Uro-Chirurgical Cabinet, Cité SafSaf, BatR02 n°S01, Annaba 23000, Algeria;
| | - Emmanuel Moyse
- Unit 85 PRC (Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior), Centre INRAe of Tours, University of Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Virginie Tolle
- University Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), 75014 Paris, France; (N.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Hajira Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
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Zheng T, Sun H, Tang Y, Bi K, Zeng Y, Wang J, Yan L. Comparing histology between prostate cognitive fusion targeted biopsy and radical prostatectomy: exploring risk factors of Gleason score upgrading in Chinese patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:18029-18037. [PMID: 37979056 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore and identify the relevant clinical and pathological predictors leading to biopsy Gleason score upgrading (GSU) in cognitive fusion targeted biopsy (COG-TB) in Chinese patients. METHODS Clinical and pathological information of 496 patients who underwent COG-TB and radical prostatectomy (RP) in our hospital from January 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively compiled and analyzed. In this study, we screened valuable predictors through univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and then constructed predictive models. We draw nomograms to visualize the predictive models. In addition, the discriminatory power of the model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the predictive power of the model and the net benefits it could deliver. RESULTS Out of the 496 patients eligible for the study, 279 had a consistent Gleason score (GS) on biopsy and postoperative GS, 191 experienced GSU, and 26 experienced downgrading. Significant associations for GSU were identified for five risk factors through multivariable logistic regression analyses, which included age, prostate volume, BMI, tumor percentage in biopsy tissue, and tumor location. Our model had excellent discriminatory power through ROC analysis. Calibration curves and DCA showed that our model was well calibrated and provided certain benefits for patient treatment decisions. CONCLUSION Age, prostate volume, BMI, tumor percentage in biopsy tissue, and tumor location are risk indicators for predicting GSU in COG-TB. Our prediction model is more suitable for Chinese patients and can assist in accurately evaluating biopsy GS and developing effective treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Zheng
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huaibin Sun
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yueqing Tang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kaipeng Bi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Wang W, Wang Y. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of biomarkers and pathways for exploring the mechanisms and molecular targets associated with pyroptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207142. [PMID: 38034011 PMCID: PMC10684677 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research has shown that pyroptosis contributes greatly to the progression of diabetes and its complications. However, the exact relationship between this particular cell death process and the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. In this study, we used bioinformatic tools to identify the pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) associated with T2DM and to analyze their roles in the disease pathology. Methods Two microarray datasets, GSE7014 and GSE25724, were obtained from the GEO database and assessed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The T2DM-associated DEGs that overlapped with differentially expressed PRGs were noted as T2DM-PRGs. Subsequently, 25 T2DM-PRGs were validated and subjected to functional enrichment analysis through Gene Ontology annotation analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The diagnostic and predictive value of the T2DM-PRGs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). Additionally, a single-sample GSEA algorithm was applied to study immune infiltration in T2DM and assess immune infiltration levels. Results We identified 25 T2DM-PRGs that were significantly enriched in the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling and prostate cancer pathways. The top five differentially expressed prognostic T2DM-PRGs targeted by miRNAs were PTEN, BRD4, HSP90AB1, VIM, and PKN2. The top five differentially expressed T2DM-PRGs associated with transcription factors were HSP90AB1, VIM, PLCG1, SCAF11, and PTEN. The genes PLCG1, PTEN, TP63, CHI3L1, SDHB, DPP8, BCL2, SERPINB1, ACE2, DRD2, DDX58, and BTK showed excellent diagnostic performance. The immune infiltration analysis revealed notable differences in immune cells between T2DM and normal tissues in both datasets. These findings suggest that T2DM-PRGs play a crucial role in the development and progression of T2DM and could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Discussion Investigating the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with pyroptosis may offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of T2DM and lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical Collage, Baotou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Mukama T, Srour B, Johnson T, Katzke V, Kaaks R. IGF-1 and Risk of Morbidity and Mortality From Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, and All Causes in EPIC-Heidelberg. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1092-e1105. [PMID: 37066827 PMCID: PMC10505533 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The functional status of organs, such as the liver, involved in IGF-1 signaling pathways influences circulating levels of IGF-1 and hence its relationship to risk of chronic disease and mortality, yet this has received limited attention. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between IGF-1 and risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and all causes, accounting for liver function. METHODS This study was a case-cohort design nested within EPIC-Heidelberg. IGF-1 was measured in 7461 stored serum samples collected from 1994 to 1998. Median follow-up for incident mortality events was 17.5 years. The case-cohort included a subcohort of 1810 men and 1890 women, in addition to 1668 incident cases of cancer (623 breast, 577 prostate, 202 lung, and 268 colorectal), and 1428 cases of CVD (707 myocardial infarctions and 723 strokes) and 2441 cases of death. RESULTS Higher IGF-1 levels showed direct associations with risks of breast (1.25; 95% CI [1.06-1.47]) and prostate (1.31; [1.09-1.57]) cancers. Restricted cubic splines plots and models including IGF-1 as quintiles revealed a U-shaped relationship between the biomarker and mortality. Participants with the lowest and the highest levels of IGF-1 experienced higher hazards of mortality from cancer, CVD, and all causes. The U-shaped form of the relationship persisted but was attenuated in analyses including only participants without any indications of liver dysfunction. CONCLUSION This large population-based prospective study showed that both individuals with lowest and highest levels of circulating IGF-1 were at increased risk of deaths from cancer, CVD, and all causes. For individuals with low IGF-1, the excess risks of death were more pronounced among individuals with liver cancer and cirrhosis but were also present among individuals without elevated liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trasias Mukama
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernard Srour
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Paris-Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Watling CZ, Kelly RK, Dunneram Y, Knuppel A, Piernas C, Schmidt JA, Travis RC, Key TJ, Perez-Cornago A. Associations of intakes of total protein, protein from dairy sources, and dietary calcium with risks of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer: a prospective analysis in UK Biobank. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:636-647. [PMID: 37407836 PMCID: PMC10421858 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence concerning intakes of protein or sources of dairy protein and risks of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers is inconclusive. METHODS Using a subsample of UK Biobank participants who completed ≥2 (maximum of 5) 24-h dietary assessments, we estimated intakes of total protein, protein from total dairy products, milk, and cheese, and dietary calcium in 114,217 participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. RESULTS After a median of 9.4 years of follow-up, 1193 colorectal, 2024 female breast, and 2422 prostate cancer cases were identified. There were inverse associations of total dairy protein, protein from milk, and dietary calcium intakes with colorectal cancer incidence (HRQ4 vs Q1:0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.94; 0.79, 0.67-0.94; 0.71, 0.58-0.86, respectively). We also observed positive associations of milk protein and dietary calcium with prostate cancer risk (HRQ4 vs Q1:1.12, 1.00-1.26 and 1.16, 1.01-1.33, respectively). No significant associations were observed between intake of dairy protein and breast cancer risk. When insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations measured at recruitment were added to the multivariable-adjusted models, associations remained largely unchanged. Analyses were also similar when looking at total grams of dairy products, milk, and cheese. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationships of dairy products with cancer risk and the potential roles of dietary protein and calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Z Watling
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca K Kelly
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yashvee Dunneram
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anika Knuppel
- MRC Unit of Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Cartmel B, Li F, Zhou Y, Gottlieb L, Lu L, Mszar R, Harrigan M, Ligibel JA, Gogoi R, Schwartz PE, Risch HA, Irwin ML. Randomized trial of exercise on cancer-related blood biomarkers and survival in women with ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15492-15503. [PMID: 37269192 PMCID: PMC10417064 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In randomized trials in women with breast cancer, exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on cancer-related circulating biomarkers that may impact survival. Such studies are lacking for ovarian cancer. METHODS This secondary analysis of a published randomized controlled trial examined the impact of a 6-month exercise intervention versus attention-control on change in prespecified circulating biomarkers (cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), insulin and leptin) in a subset of participants who provided a fasting blood draw (N = 104/144) at enrollment and at 6 months. Change in biomarkers between study arms was compared using a linear mixed effects model analysis. An exploratory analysis of the exercise intervention versus attention-control on all-cause mortality included all (N = 144) participants. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Participants included in the biomarker analysis were 57.0 ± 8.8 (mean ± SD) years old and 1.6 ± 0.9 years post-diagnosis. Adherence to the exercise intervention was 176.4 ± 63.5 min/week. Post intervention IGF-1 (group difference in change: -14.2 (-26.1 to -2.3) ng/mL (least squared means (95% CI))) and leptin (-8.9 (-16.5 to -1.4) ng/mL) were significantly reduced in the exercise group (N = 53) compared to those in attention-control (N = 51). No group difference in change was seen for CA-125 (p = 0.54), CRP (p = 0.95), or insulin (p = 0.37). With median follow-up of 70 months [range 6.6-105.4 months], 50/144 (34.7%) (exercise group; 24/74 (32.4%) versus attention-control group; 26/70 (37.1%)) participants died with no between group difference in overall survival (p = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of exercise-induced changes in cancer-related circulating biomarkers in women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cartmel
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Fang‐yong Li
- Department of BiostatisticsYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Linda Gottlieb
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Reed Mszar
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Maura Harrigan
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Ligibel
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- Gynecologic Oncology, Women and Children's InstituteGeisinger Health SystemDanvillePennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Peter E. Schwartz
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Melinda L. Irwin
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Zhang B, Hong CQ, Lin YW, Luo Y, Ding TY, Xu YW, Peng YH, Wu FC. Association between IGFBP1 expression and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16470. [PMID: 37251476 PMCID: PMC10220379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The results regarding the association between insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) expression and cancer risk were controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to provide novel evidence on relationship between IGFBP1 expression and cancer risk. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and Web of science were searched for relevant cohort and case-control studies exploring the relationship between IGFBP1 expression and cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled in this meta-analysis using random model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on ethnicity, tumor types, publication year, study type, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score and sex. Results A total of 27 studies including 16 cohort and 11 case-control studies were identified by literature search. No significant association was found between IGFBP1 expression and risk of various cancers [0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79, 1.03]. The overall results showed that the pooled ORs were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.88] for prostate cancer risk and 0.66 (95%CI: 0.44, 0.99) for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, there is no significant association between IGFBP1 expression and risk for ovarian cancer (1.70, 95%CI: 0.41, 6.99), breast cancer (1.02, 95%CI: 0.85, 1.23), endometrial cancer (1.19, 95%CI: 0.64, 2.21), colorectal adenoma (0.93; 95%CI: 0.81, 1.07), lung cancer (0.81, 95%CI: 0.39, 1.68) or multiple myeloma (1.20, 95%CI: 0.98, 1.47). Conclusion In this study, compared with individuals at low IGFBP1 expression adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake and so on, risk of the prostate cancer and CRC were decreased among individuals of high IGFBP1 expression. There needs further study to confirm this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou China
| | - Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou China
| | - Tian-Yan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou China
| | - Fang-Cai Wu
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Unterberger CJ, McIlwain SJ, Tsourkas PK, Maklakova VI, Prince JL, Onesti A, Hu R, Kopchick JJ, Swanson SM, Marker PC. Conditional gene regulation models demonstrate a pro-proliferative role for growth hormone receptor in prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:416-429. [PMID: 36562110 PMCID: PMC9974633 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans with inactivating mutations in growth hormone receptor (GHR) have lower rates of cancer, including prostate cancer. Similarly, mice with inactivating Ghr mutations are protected from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the C3(1)/TAg prostate cancer model. However, gaps in clinical relevance in those models persist. The current study addresses these gaps and the ongoing role of Ghr in prostate cancer using loss-of-function and gain-of-function models. METHODS Conditional Ghr inactivation was achieved in the C3(1)/TAg model by employing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre and a prostate-specific Cre. In parallel, a transgenic GH antagonist was also used. Pathology, proliferation, and gene expression of 6-month old mouse prostates were assessed. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data was conducted to identify GHR overexpression in a subset of human prostate cancers. Ghr overexpression was modeled in PTEN-P2 and TRAMP-C2 mouse prostate cancer cells using stable transfectants. The growth, proliferation, and gene expression effects of Ghr overexpression was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Loss-of-function for Ghr globally or in prostatic epithelial cells reduced proliferation and stratification of the prostatic epithelium in the C3(1)/TAg model. Genes and gene sets involved in the immune system and tumorigenesis, for example, were dysregulated upon global Ghr disruption. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed higher GHR expression in human prostate cancers with ERG-fusion genes or ETV1-fusion genes. Modeling the GHR overexpression observed in these human prostate cancers by overexpressing Ghr in mouse prostate cancer cells with mutant Pten or T-antigen driver genes increased proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Ghr overexpression regulated the expression of multiple genes oppositely to Ghr loss-of-function models. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function and gain-of-function Ghr models, including prostatic epithelial cell specific alterations in Ghr, altered proliferation, and gene expression. These data suggest that changes in GHR activity in human prostatic epithelial cells play a role in proliferation and gene regulation in prostate cancer, suggesting the potential for disrupting GH signaling, for example by the FDA approved GH antagonist pegvisomant, may be beneficial in treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Unterberger
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean J McIlwain
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Philippos K Tsourkas
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vilena I Maklakova
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jordyn L Prince
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail Onesti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven M Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul C Marker
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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11
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Barker R, Biernacka K, Kingshott G, Sewell A, Gwiti P, Martin RM, Lane JA, McGeagh L, Koupparis A, Rowe E, Oxley J, Perks CM, Holly JMP. Associations of CTCF and FOXA1 with androgen and IGF pathways in men with localized prostate cancer. Growth Horm IGF Res 2023; 69-70:101533. [PMID: 37086646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2023.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine associations between the transcription factors CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) and the androgen receptor (AR) and their association with components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-pathway in a cohort of men with localized prostate cancer. METHODS Using prostate tissue samples collected during the Prostate cancer: Evidence of Exercise and Nutrition Trial (PrEvENT) trial (N = 70 to 92, depending on section availability), we assessed the abundance of CTCF, FOXA1, AR, IGFIR, p-mTOR, PTEN and IGFBP-2 proteins using a modified version of the Allred scoring system. Validation studies were performed using large, publicly available datasets (TCGA) (N = 489). RESULTS We identified a strong correlation between CTCF and AR staining with benign prostate tissue. CTCF also strongly associated with the IGFIR, with PTEN and with phospho-mTOR. FOXA1 was also correlated with staining for the IGF-IR, with IGFBP-2 and with staining for activated phosphor-mTOR. The staining for the IGF-IR was strongly correlated with the AR. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasise the close and complex links between the endocrine controls, well known to play an important role in prostate cancer, and the transcription factors implicated by the recent genetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Barker
- IGF & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Kalina Biernacka
- IGF & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Georgina Kingshott
- IGF & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Alex Sewell
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Paida Gwiti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; Department of Pathology, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Biomedical Research Unit Offices, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- Bristol Trials Centre, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Lucy McGeagh
- Supportive Cancer Care Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Jack Straws Lane, Marston, Oxford OX3 0FL, UK
| | - Anthony Koupparis
- Department of Urology, Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Edward Rowe
- Department of Urology, Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Jon Oxley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGF & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Jeff M P Holly
- IGF & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
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12
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Papavasileiou G, Tsilingiris D, Spyrou N, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Obesity and main urologic cancers: Current systematic evidence, novel biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:70-98. [PMID: 36893965 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers (UC) account for 13.1% of all new cancer cases and 7.9% of all cancer-related deaths. A growing body of evidence has indicated a potential causal link between obesity and UC. The aim of the present review is to appraise in a critical and integrative manner evidence from meta-analyses and mechanistic studies on the role of obesity in four prevalent UC (kidney-KC, prostate-PC, urinary bladder-UBC, and testicular cancer-TC). Special emphasis is given on Mendelian Randomization Studies (MRS) corroborating a genetic causal association between obesity and UC, as well as on the role of classical and novel adipocytokines. Furthermore, the molecular pathways that link obesity to the development and progression of these cancers are reviewed. Available evidence indicates that obesity confers increased risk for KC, UBC, and advanced PC (20-82%, 10-19%, and 6-14%, respectively), whereas for TC adult height (5-cm increase) may increase the risk by 13%. Obese females tend to be more susceptible to UBC and KC than obese males. MRS have shown that a higher genetic-predicted BMI may be causally linked to KC and UBC but not PC and TC. Biological mechanisms that are involved in the association between excess body weight and UC include the Insulin-like Growth Factor axis, altered availability of sex hormones, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, abnormal secretion of adipocytokines, ectopic fat deposition, dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal and urinary tract microbiomes and circadian rhythm dysregulation. Anti-hyperglycemic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and adipokine receptor agonists/antagonists show potential as adjuvant cancer therapies. Identifying obesity as a modifiable risk factor for UC may have significant public health implications, allowing clinicians to tailor individualized prevention strategies for patients with excess body weight.
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Liu G, Zhu M, Zhang M, Pan F. Emerging Role of IGF-1 in Prostate Cancer: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36831629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease driven by gene alterations and microenvironmental influences. Not only enhanced serum IGF-1 but also the activation of IGF-1R and its downstream signaling components has been increasingly recognized to have a vital driving role in the development of PCa. A better understanding of IGF-1/IGF-1R activity and regulation has therefore emerged as an important subject of PCa research. IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling affects diverse biological processes in cancer cells, including promoting survival and renewal, inducing migration and spread, and promoting resistance to radiation and castration. Consequently, inhibitory reagents targeting IGF-1/IGF-1R have been developed to limit cancer development. Multiple agents targeting IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling have shown effects against tumor growth in tumor xenograft models, but further verification of their effectiveness in PCa patients in clinical trials is still needed. Combining androgen deprivation therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapeutics with IGF-1R antagonists based on reliable predictive biomarkers and developing and applying novel agents may provide more desirable outcomes. This review will summarize the contribution of IGF-1 signaling to the development of PCa and highlight the relevance of this signaling axis in potential strategies for cancer therapy.
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14
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Watts EL, Perez-Cornago A, Fensom GK, Smith-Byrne K, Noor U, Andrews CD, Gunter MJ, Holmes MV, Martin RM, Tsilidis KK, Albanes D, Barricarte A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Cohn BA, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Dimou NL, Ferrucci L, Flicker L, Freedman ND, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Haiman CA, Hankey GJ, Holly JMP, Huang J, Huang WY, Hurwitz LM, Kaaks R, Kubo T, Le Marchand L, MacInnis RJ, Männistö S, Metter EJ, Mikami K, Mucci LA, Olsen AW, Ozasa K, Palli D, Penney KL, Platz EA, Pollak MN, Roobol MJ, Schaefer CA, Schenk JM, Stattin P, Tamakoshi A, Thysell E, Tsai CJ, Touvier M, Van Den Eeden SK, Weiderpass E, Weinstein SJ, Wilkens LR, Yeap BB. Circulating insulin-like growth factors and risks of overall, aggressive and early-onset prostate cancer: a collaborative analysis of 20 prospective studies and Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:71-86. [PMID: 35726641 PMCID: PMC9908067 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies had limited power to assess the associations of circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) with clinically relevant prostate cancer as a primary endpoint, and the association of genetically predicted IGF-I with aggressive prostate cancer is not known. We aimed to investigate the associations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 concentrations with overall, aggressive and early-onset prostate cancer. METHODS Prospective analysis of biomarkers using the Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group dataset (up to 20 studies, 17 009 prostate cancer cases, including 2332 aggressive cases). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prostate cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression. For IGF-I, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was undertaken using instruments identified using UK Biobank (158 444 men) and outcome data from PRACTICAL (up to 85 554 cases, including 15 167 aggressive cases). Additionally, we used colocalization to rule out confounding by linkage disequilibrium. RESULTS In observational analyses, IGF-I was positively associated with risks of overall (OR per 1 SD = 1.09: 95% CI 1.07, 1.11), aggressive (1.09: 1.03, 1.16) and possibly early-onset disease (1.11: 1.00, 1.24); associations were similar in MR analyses (OR per 1 SD = 1.07: 1.00, 1.15; 1.10: 1.01, 1.20; and 1.13; 0.98, 1.30, respectively). Colocalization also indicated a shared signal for IGF-I and prostate cancer (PP4: 99%). Men with higher IGF-II (1.06: 1.02, 1.11) and IGFBP-3 (1.08: 1.04, 1.11) had higher risks of overall prostate cancer, whereas higher IGFBP-1 was associated with a lower risk (0.95: 0.91, 0.99); these associations were attenuated following adjustment for IGF-I. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the role of IGF-I in the development of prostate cancer, including for aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Georgina K Fensom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Urwah Noor
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colm D Andrews
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Group of Epidemiology of Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases, Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Group of Epidemiology of Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Niki L Dimou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Leon Flicker
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham J Hankey
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M P Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren M Hurwitz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Robert J MacInnis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Jeffrey Metter
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kazuya Mikami
- Departmemt of Urology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anja W Olsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society, Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Departmemt of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeannette M Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chiaojung Jillian Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Director’s Office, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Bu B Yeap
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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15
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Watling CZ, Kelly RK, Tong TYN, Piernas C, Watts EL, Tin Tin S, Knuppel A, Schmidt JA, Travis RC, Key TJ, Perez-Cornago A. Associations between food group intakes and circulating insulin-like growth factor-I in the UK Biobank: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:115-124. [PMID: 35906357 PMCID: PMC9899744 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations have been positively associated with risk of several common cancers and inversely associated with risk of bone fractures. Intakes of some foods have been associated with increased circulating IGF-I concentrations; however, evidence remains inconclusive. Our aim was to assess cross-sectional associations of food group intakes with circulating IGF-I concentrations in the UK Biobank. METHODS At recruitment, the UK Biobank participants reported their intake of commonly consumed foods. From these questions, intakes of total vegetables, fresh fruit, red meat, processed meat, poultry, oily fish, non-oily fish, and cheese were estimated. Serum IGF-I concentrations were measured in blood samples collected at recruitment. After exclusions, a total of 438,453 participants were included in this study. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the associations of food group intakes with circulating IGF-I concentrations. RESULTS Compared to never consumers, participants who reported consuming oily fish or non-oily fish ≥ 2 times/week had 1.25 nmol/L (95% confidence interval:1.19-1.31) and 1.16 nmol/L (1.08-1.24) higher IGF-I concentrations, respectively. Participants who reported consuming poultry ≥ 2 times/week had 0.87 nmol/L (0.80-0.94) higher IGF-I concentrations than those who reported never consuming poultry. There were no strong associations between other food groups and IGF-I concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We found positive associations between oily and non-oily fish intake and circulating IGF-I concentrations. A weaker positive association of IGF-I with poultry intake was also observed. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms which might explain these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Z Watling
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Rebecca K Kelly
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sandar Tin Tin
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Anika Knuppel
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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Schmidt JA, Huybrechts I, Overvad K, Eriksen AK, Tjønneland A, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Schulze MB, Pala V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita B, Sánchez M, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Amiano P, Agudo A, Bjartell A, Stocks T, Thysell E, Wennberg M, Weiderpass E, Travis RC, Key TJ, Perez‐Cornago A. Protein and amino acid intakes in relation to prostate cancer risk and mortality-A prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4725-4738. [PMID: 36148781 PMCID: PMC9972153 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between protein intake and prostate cancer risk remains unclear. AIMS To prospectively investigate the associations of dietary intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources, and amino acids with prostate cancer risk and mortality. METHODS In 131,425 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, protein and amino acid intakes were estimated using validated dietary questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 14.2 years, 6939 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 914 died of the disease. Dairy protein was positively associated with overall prostate cancer risk in the three highest fifths compared to the lowest (HRQ3 =1.14 (95% CI 1.05-1.23); HRQ 4=1.09 (1.01-1.18); HRQ5 =1.10 (1.02-1.19)); similar results were observed for yogurt protein (HRQ3 =1.14 (1.05-1.24); HRQ4 =1.09 (1.01-1.18); HRQ5 =1.12 (1.04-1.21)). For egg protein intake and prostate cancer mortality, no association was observed by fifths, but there was suggestive evidence of a positive association in the analysis per standard deviation increment. There was no strong evidence of associations with different tumour subtypes. DISCUSSION Considering the weak associations and many tests, the results must be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSION This study does not provide strong evidence for an association of intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources or amino acids with prostate cancer risk or mortality. However, our results may suggest some weak positive associations, which need to be confirmed in large-scale, pooled analyses of prospective data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus University Hospital and Aarhus UniversityAarhus NDenmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Department of Molecular EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer EpidemiologyCittà della Salute e della Scienza University‐HospitalTurinItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUSRagusaItaly
| | - Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Former senior scientist, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health ServicesNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Maria‐Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP)GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - José M. Huerta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of EpidemiologyMurcia Regional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | | | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of GipuzkoaSan SebastianSpain
- Biodonostia Health Research InstituteEpidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases GroupSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and CancerCatalan Institute of Oncology ‐ ICOL'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
- Nutrition and Cancer GroupEpidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELLL'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical FacultyLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Tanja Stocks
- Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical BiosciencesPathology, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable HealthUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Sorrentino C, D'Antonio L, Ciummo SL, Fieni C, Landuzzi L, Ruzzi F, Vespa S, Lanuti P, Lotti LV, Lollini PL, Di Carlo E. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Interleukin-30 suppresses IGF1 and CXCL5 and boosts SOCS3 reducing prostate cancer growth and mortality. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:145. [PMID: 36224639 PMCID: PMC9559017 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Targeting of the culprits of disease progression is an unmet need. Interleukin (IL)-30 promotes PC onset and development, but whether it can be a suitable therapeutic target remains to be investigated. Here, we shed light on the relationship between IL30 and canonical PC driver genes and explored the anti-tumor potential of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of IL30. METHODS PC cell production of, and response to, IL30 was tested by flow cytometry, immunoelectron microscopy, invasion and migration assays and PCR arrays. Syngeneic and xenograft models were used to investigate the effects of IL30, and its deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, on tumor growth. Bioinformatics of transcriptional data and immunopathology of PC samples were used to assess the translational value of the experimental findings. RESULTS Human membrane-bound IL30 promoted PC cell proliferation, invasion and migration in association with STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation, similarly to its murine, but secreted, counterpart. Both human and murine IL30 regulated PC driver and immunity genes and shared the upregulation of oncogenes, BCL2 and NFKB1, immunoregulatory mediators, IL1A, TNF, TLR4, PTGS2, PD-L1, STAT3, and chemokine receptors, CCR2, CCR4, CXCR5. In human PC cells, IL30 improved the release of IGF1 and CXCL5, which mediated, via autocrine loops, its potent proliferative effect. Deletion of IL30 dramatically downregulated BCL2, NFKB1, STAT3, IGF1 and CXCL5, whereas tumor suppressors, primarily SOCS3, were upregulated. Syngeneic and xenograft PC models demonstrated IL30's ability to boost cancer proliferation, vascularization and myeloid-derived cell infiltration, which were hindered, along with tumor growth and metastasis, by IL30 deletion, with improved host survival. RNA-Seq data from the PanCancer collection and immunohistochemistry of high-grade locally advanced PCs demonstrated an inverse association (chi-squared test, p = 0.0242) between IL30 and SOCS3 expression and a longer progression-free survival of patients with IL30NegSOCS3PosPC, when compared to patients with IL30PosSOCS3NegPC. CONCLUSIONS Membrane-anchored IL30 expressed by human PC cells shares a tumor progression programs with its murine homolog and, via juxtacrine signals, steers a complex network of PC driver and immunity genes promoting prostate oncogenesis. The efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of IL30 in curbing PC progression paves the way for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Antonio
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Livia Ciummo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fieni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Pier Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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18
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Watts EL, Perez‐Cornago A, Fensom GK, Smith‐Byrne K, Noor U, Andrews CD, Gunter MJ, Holmes MV, Martin RM, Tsilidis KK, Albanes D, Barricarte A, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita B, Chen C, Cohn BA, Dimou NL, Ferrucci L, Flicker L, Freedman ND, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Goodman GE, Haiman CA, Hankey GJ, Huang J, Huang W, Hurwitz LM, Kaaks R, Knekt P, Kubo T, Langseth H, Laughlin G, Le Marchand L, Luostarinen T, MacInnis RJ, Mäenpää HO, Männistö S, Metter EJ, Mikami K, Mucci LA, Olsen AW, Ozasa K, Palli D, Penney KL, Platz EA, Rissanen H, Sawada N, Schenk JM, Stattin P, Tamakoshi A, Thysell E, Tsai CJ, Tsugane S, Vatten L, Weiderpass E, Weinstein SJ, Wilkens LR, Yeap BB, Allen NE, Key TJ, Travis RC. Circulating free testosterone and risk of aggressive prostate cancer: Prospective and Mendelian randomisation analyses in international consortia. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1033-1046. [PMID: 35579976 PMCID: PMC7613289 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies had limited power to assess the associations of testosterone with aggressive disease as a primary endpoint. Further, the association of genetically predicted testosterone with aggressive disease is not known. We investigated the associations of calculated free and measured total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with aggressive, overall and early-onset prostate cancer. In blood-based analyses, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prostate cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression from prospective analysis of biomarker concentrations in the Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group (up to 25 studies, 14 944 cases and 36 752 controls, including 1870 aggressive prostate cancers). In Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses, using instruments identified using UK Biobank (up to 194 453 men) and outcome data from PRACTICAL (up to 79 148 cases and 61 106 controls, including 15 167 aggressive cancers), ORs were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method. Free testosterone was associated with aggressive disease in MR analyses (OR per 1 SD = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08-1.40). In blood-based analyses there was no association with aggressive disease overall, but there was heterogeneity by age at blood collection (OR for men aged <60 years 1.14, CI = 1.02-1.28; Phet = .0003: inverse association for older ages). Associations for free testosterone were positive for overall prostate cancer (MR: 1.20, 1.08-1.34; blood-based: 1.03, 1.01-1.05) and early-onset prostate cancer (MR: 1.37, 1.09-1.73; blood-based: 1.08, 0.98-1.19). SHBG and total testosterone were inversely associated with overall prostate cancer in blood-based analyses, with null associations in MR analysis. Our results support free testosterone, rather than total testosterone, in the development of prostate cancer, including aggressive subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Georgina K. Fensom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Karl Smith‐Byrne
- Genomic Epidemiology BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Urwah Noor
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Colm D. Andrews
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESPMadridSpain
| | - Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health ServicesNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)The Netherlands
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development StudiesPublic Health InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Niki L. Dimou
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Leon Flicker
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and AgeingUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gary E. Goodman
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wen‐Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Lauren M. Hurwitz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health and WelfareNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - Gail Laughlin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Tapio Luostarinen
- Finnish Cancer RegistryInstitute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hanna O. Mäenpää
- Department of OncologyHelsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of MedicineMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Kazuya Mikami
- Departmemt of UrologyJapanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anja W. Olsen
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Danish Cancer SocietyResearch CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Departmemt of EpidemiologyRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer ResearchPrevention and Clinical Network – ISPROFlorenceItaly
| | - Kathryn L. Penney
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Public Health and WelfareNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Jeannette M. Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical BiosciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Chiaojung Jillian Tsai
- Department of Radiation OncologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Director Office, International Agency for Research on CancerWorld Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesFiona Stanley HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- UK Biobank LtdStockportUK
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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19
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Ugai T, Sasamoto N, Lee HY, Ando M, Song M, Tamimi RM, Kawachi I, Campbell PT, Giovannucci EL, Weiderpass E, Rebbeck TR, Ogino S. Is early-onset cancer an emerging global epidemic? Current evidence and future implications. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:656-673. [PMID: 36068272 PMCID: PMC9509459 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the incidence of early-onset cancers, often defined as cancers diagnosed in adults <50 years of age, in the breast, colorectum, endometrium, oesophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, head and neck, kidney, liver, bone marrow, pancreas, prostate, stomach and thyroid has increased in multiple countries. Increased use of screening programmes has contributed to this phenomenon to a certain extent, although a genuine increase in the incidence of early-onset forms of several cancer types also seems to have emerged. Evidence suggests an aetiological role of risk factor exposures in early life and young adulthood. Since the mid-20th century, substantial multigenerational changes in the exposome have occurred (including changes in diet, lifestyle, obesity, environment and the microbiome, all of which might interact with genomic and/or genetic susceptibilities). However, the effects of individual exposures remain largely unknown. To study early-life exposures and their implications for multiple cancer types will require prospective cohort studies with dedicated biobanking and data collection technologies. Raising awareness among both the public and health-care professionals will also be critical. In this Review, we describe changes in the incidence of early-onset cancers globally and suggest measures that are likely to reduce the burden of cancers and other chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Convergence Science, Convergence Science Academy, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariko Ando
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Zhu Family Center for Global Cancer Prevention, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Belkahla S, Nahvi I, Biswas S, Nahvi I, Ben Amor N. Advances and development of prostate cancer, treatment, and strategies: A systemic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991330. [PMID: 36158198 PMCID: PMC9501970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cancer in the present-day world affecting modern-day men after lung cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains on the list of top three cancer types claiming the highest number of male lives. An estimated 1.4 million new cases were reported worldwide in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer is found predominantly in the regions having a high human development index. Despite the fact that considerable success has been achieved in the treatment and management of prostate cancer, it remains a challenge for scientists and clinicians to curve the speedy advancement of the said cancer type. The most common risk factor of prostate cancer is age; men tend to become more vulnerable to prostate cancer as they grow older. Commonly men in the age group of 66 years and above are the most vulnerable population to develop prostate cancer. The gulf countries are not far behind when it came to accounting for the number of individuals falling prey to the deadly cancer type in recent times. There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the gulf countries in the past decade. The present review aims at discussing the development, diagnostics via machine learning, and implementation of treatment of prostate cancer with a special focus on nanotherapeutics, in the gulf countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Belkahla
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Insha Nahvi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Supratim Biswas
- University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irum Nahvi
- College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Amor
- Public Health Department, Veterinary College, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Zhao Z, Wu D, Gao S, Zhou D, Zeng X, Yao Y, Xu Y, Zeng G. The association between dairy products consumption and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2022. [PMID: 35945656 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of prostate cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for relevant articles and identified a total of thirty-three cohort studies between 1989 and 2020. The qualities of included studies were assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Pooled adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95 % CI were calculated. We performed subgroup analyses stratified by dairy type, prostate cancer type, follow-up years, treatment era, collection times, adjustment for confounders and geographic location. In the subgroup analysis stratified by prostate cancer type, the pooled RR were 0·98 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·03) in the advanced group, 1·10 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·24) in the non-advanced group and 0·92 (95 % CI 0·84, 1·00) in the fatal group. In the dose–response analysis, a positive association for the risk of prostate cancer was observed for total dairy products 400 g/d (RR: 1·02; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·03), total milk 200 g/d (RR: 1·02; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·03), cheese 40 g/d (RR: 1·01; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·03) and butter 50 g/d (RR: 1·03; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·05). A decreased risk was observed for the intake of whole milk 100 g/d (RR: 0·97; 95 % CI 0·96, 0·99). Our meta-analysis suggests that high intakes of dairy products may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer; however, since many of the studies were affected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening bias, additional studies with an adjustment of PSA screening are needed.
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22
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Orlich MJ, Mashchak AD, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Utt JT, Knutsen SF, Sveen LE, Fraser GE. Dairy foods, calcium intakes, and risk of incident prostate cancer in Adventist Health Study-2. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:314-324. [PMID: 35672028 PMCID: PMC9348981 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in American males. Causal links between dairy, or dietary calcium, and this cancer are considered suggestive but limited. OBJECTIVES To evaluate these associations in a large North American cohort, including many with no (or very low) dairy intake and much calcium from nondairy sources. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 28,737 Seventh-day Adventist men in the United States and Canada, of whom 6389 were of black ethnicity. Diet was measured by FFQ, and 275 male participants also provided repeated 24-h dietary recalls as a calibration substudy. Incident cancers were mainly found by matching with cancer registries. Analyses used multivariable proportional hazards regressions and regression calibration for some analyses. RESULTS In total, 1254 (190 advanced) incident prostate cancer cases were found during an average 7.8 y of follow-up. Men at the 90th percentile of dairy intake (430 g/d) compared with the 10th percentile (20.2 g/d) had higher prostate cancer risk (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.43). Similar findings, comparing the same g/d intakes, were demonstrated for advanced prostate cancers (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.88), for nonadvanced cases (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.45), in black participants (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.58), and when excluding vegan participants (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.43). Calibrated dairy (g/d) regressions (all participants and all prostate cancers), adjusting for dietary measurement error, found a HR of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.32). Comparing 90th percentile intake to zero intakes (uncalibrated), the HR was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.05). There was no evidence of an effect of higher (905 mg/d) compared with lower (349 mg/d) intakes of nondairy calcium (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.44). CONCLUSIONS Men with higher intake of dairy foods, but not nondairy calcium, had a higher risk of prostate cancer compared with men having lower intakes. Associations were nonlinear, suggesting greatest increases in risk at relatively low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Orlich
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jason T Utt
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Lars E Sveen
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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23
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Perez-Cornago A, Dunneram Y, Watts EL, Key TJ, Travis RC. Adiposity and risk of prostate cancer death: a prospective analysis in UK Biobank and meta-analysis of published studies. BMC Med 2022; 20:143. [PMID: 35509091 PMCID: PMC9069769 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of adiposity with prostate cancer specific mortality remains unclear. We examined how adiposity relates to fatal prostate cancer and described the cross-sectional associations of commonly used adiposity measurements with adiposity estimated by imaging in UK Biobank. We also conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to integrate the new data with existing prospective evidence. METHODS 218,237 men from UK Biobank who were free from cancer at baseline were included. Body mass index (BMI), total body fat percentage (using bioimpedance), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were collected at recruitment. Risk of dying from prostate cancer (primary cause) by the different adiposity measurements was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results from this and other prospective cohort studies were combined in a dose-response meta-analysis. RESULTS In UK Biobank, 661 men died from prostate cancer over a mean follow-up of 11.6 years. In the subsample of participants with magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMI, body fat percentage and WC were strongly associated with imaging estimates of total and central adiposity (e.g. visceral fat, trunk fat). The hazard ratios (HR) for prostate cancer death were 1.07 (95% confidence interval = 0.97-1.17) per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI, 1.00 (0.94-1.08) per 5% increase in total body fat percentage, 1.06 (0.99-1.14) per 10 cm increase in WC and 1.07 (1.01-1.14) per 0.05 increase in WHR. Our meta-analyses of prospective studies included 19,633 prostate cancer deaths for BMI, 670 for body fat percentage, 3181 for WC and 1639 for WHR, and the combined HRs for dying from prostate cancer for the increments above were 1.10 (1.07-1.12), 1.03 (0.96-1.11), 1.07 (1.03-1.11), and 1.06 (1.01-1.10), respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that men with higher total and central adiposity had similarly higher risks of prostate cancer death, which may be biologically driven and/or due to differences in detection. In either case, these findings support the benefit for men of maintaining a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Yashvee Dunneram
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor L. Watts
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
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24
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Unterberger CJ, Maklakova VI, Lazar M, Arneson PD, Mcilwain SJ, Tsourkas PK, Hu R, Kopchick JJ, Swanson SM, Marker PC. GH Action in Prostate Cancer Cells Promotes Proliferation, Limits Apoptosis, and Regulates Cancer-related Gene Expression. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6564019. [PMID: 35383352 PMCID: PMC8995093 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the effects of blocking the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in prostate cancer found no effects of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) antagonist, pegvisomant, on the growth of grafted human prostate cancer cells in vivo. However, human GHR is not activated by mouse GH, so direct actions of GH on prostate cancer cells were not evaluated in this context. The present study addresses the species specificity of GH-GHR activity by investigating GH actions in prostate cancer cell lines derived from a mouse Pten-deletion model. In vitro cell growth was stimulated by GH and reduced by pegvisomant. These in vitro GH effects were mediated at least in part by the activation of JAK2 and STAT5. When Pten-mutant cells were grown as xenografts in mice, pegvisomant treatment dramatically reduced xenograft size, and this was accompanied by decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. RNA sequencing of xenografts identified 1765 genes upregulated and 953 genes downregulated in response to pegvisomant, including many genes previously implicated as cancer drivers. Further evaluation of a selected subset of these genes via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction determined that some genes exhibited similar regulation by pegvisomant in prostate cancer cells whether treatment was in vivo or in vitro, indicating direct regulation by GH via GHR activation in prostate cancer cells, whereas other genes responded to pegvisomant only in vivo, suggesting indirect regulation by pegvisomant effects on the host endocrine environment. Similar results were observed for a prostate cancer cell line derived from the mouse transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Unterberger
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Vilena I Maklakova
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Michelle Lazar
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Paige D Arneson
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Sean J Mcilwain
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Philippos K Tsourkas
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Steven M Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Paul C Marker
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Correspondence: Paul C. Marker, PhD, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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25
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McCarty MF. The Japanese Experience Suggests that Lethal Prostate Cancer is Almost Wholly Preventable with a Quasi-Vegan Diet, Soy Products, and Green Tea. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Watling CZ, Schmidt JA, Dunneram Y, Tong TYN, Kelly RK, Knuppel A, Travis RC, Key TJ, Perez-Cornago A. Risk of cancer in regular and low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants. BMC Med 2022; 20:73. [PMID: 35197066 PMCID: PMC8867885 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following a vegetarian diet has become increasingly popular and some evidence suggests that being vegetarian may be associated with a lower risk of cancer overall. However, for specific cancer sites, the evidence is limited. Our aim was to assess the associations of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets with risks of all cancer, colorectal cancer, postmenopausal breast cancer, and prostate cancer and to explore the role of potential mediators between these associations. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis of 472,377 UK Biobank participants who were free from cancer at recruitment. Participants were categorised into regular meat-eaters (n = 247,571), low meat-eaters (n = 205,385), fish-eaters (n = 10,696), and vegetarians (n = 8685) based on dietary questions completed at recruitment. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all cancer incidence and separate cancer sites across diet groups. RESULTS After an average follow-up of 11.4 years, 54,961 incident cancers were identified, including 5882 colorectal, 7537 postmenopausal breast, and 9501 prostate cancers. Compared with regular meat-eaters, being a low meat-eater, fish-eater, or vegetarian were all associated with a lower risk of all cancer (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-1.00; 0.90, 0.84-0.96; 0.86, 0.80-0.93, respectively). Being a low meat-eater was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to regular meat-eaters (0.91, 0.86-0.96); however, there was heterogeneity in this association by sex (p = 0.007), with an inverse association across diet groups in men, but not in women. Vegetarian postmenopausal women had a lower risk of breast cancer (0.82, 0.68-0.99), which was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for body mass index (BMI; 0.87, 0.72-1.05); in mediation analyses, BMI was found to possibly mediate the observed association. In men, being a fish-eater or a vegetarian was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.80, 0.65-0.99 and 0.69, 0.54-0.89, respectively). CONCLUSION The lower risk of colorectal cancer in low meat-eaters is consistent with previous evidence suggesting an adverse impact of meat intake. The lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in vegetarian women may be explained by their lower BMI. It is not clear whether the other differences observed for all cancers and for prostate cancer reflect any causal relationships or are due to other factors such as residual confounding or differences in cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Z Watling
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yashvee Dunneram
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Rebecca K Kelly
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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27
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Meshkini F, Ramezani‐Jolfaie N, Sargazi S, Clark CC, Soltani S. The effects of lycopene supplementation on
insulin‐like
growth factor‐1 and
insulin‐like
growth factor binding proteins: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1633-1643. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Student Research Committee Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezani‐Jolfaie
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Faculty Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare Coventry University Coventry UK
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non‐communicable Diseases Research Institute Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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28
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Gu D, Tang M, Wang Y, Cui H, Zhang M, Bai Y, Zeng Z, Tan Y, Wang X, Zhang B. The Causal Relationships Between Extrinsic Exposures and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829248. [PMID: 35237523 PMCID: PMC8882837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide, and multitudes of factors have been reported to be associated with prostate cancer risk. Objectives We aim to conduct the phenome-wide exposed-omics analysis of the risk factors for prostate cancer and verify the causal associations between them. Methods We comprehensively searched published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies and conducted another systematic review and meta-analysis of the Mendelian randomization studies investigating the associations between extrinsic exposures and prostate cancer, thus to find all of the potential risk factors for prostate cancer. Then, we launched a phenome-wide two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to validate the potentially causal relationships using the PRACTICAL consortium and UK Biobank. Results We found a total of 55 extrinsic exposures for prostate cancer risk. The causal effect of 30 potential extrinsic exposures on prostate cancer were assessed, and the results showed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [odds ratio (OR)=0.806, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.661-0.984, p=0.034], insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) (OR=1.0002, 95%CI: 1.00004-1.0004, p=0.016), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR=0.9993, 95%CI: 0.9986-0.99997, p=0.039), and body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.995, 95%CI: 0.990-0.9999, p=0.046) were associated with prostate cancer risk. However, no association was found between the other 26 factors and prostate cancer risk. Conclusions Our study discovered the phenome-wide exposed-omics risk factors profile of prostate cancer, and verified that the IGFBP-3, DHA, BMI, and SLE were causally related to prostate cancer risk. The results may provide new insight into the study of the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhua Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ben Zhang,
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29
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Adnan M, Jeon B, Chowdhury MHU, Oh K, Das T, Chy MNU, Cho D. Network Pharmacology Study to Reveal the Potentiality of a Methanol Extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. Wood against Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:277. [PMID: 35207564 PMCID: PMC8880704 DOI: 10.3390/life12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) is widely used to treat diabetic complications in south-east Asia, specifically in traditional Chinese medicine. This study intends to explain the molecular mechanism of how chemical constituents of CS interrelate with different signaling pathways and receptors involved in T2DM. GC-MS was employed to identify the chemical compounds from the methanol extract of CS wood (MECSW). Lipinski’s rule of five was applied, and 33 bioactive constituents have been screened from the CS extract. After that, 124 common targets and 26 compounds associated with T2DM were identified by mining several public databases. Protein–protein interactions and compound-target network were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape tool. Protein–protein interactions were identified in 121 interconnected nodes active in T2DM and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) as key target receptors. Furthermore, pathway compound target (PCT) analysis using the merger algorithm plugin of Cytoscape revealed 121 nodes from common T2DM targets, 33 nodes from MECSW compounds and 9 nodes of the KEGG pathway. Moreover, network topology analysis determined “Fisetin tetramethyl ether” as the key chemical compound. The DAVID online tool determined seven signaling receptors, among which PPARG was found most significant in T2DM progression. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis implied the involvement of nine pathways, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway was selected as the hub signaling pathway. Finally, molecular docking and quantum chemistry analysis confirmed the strong binding affinity and reactive chemical nature of fisetin tetramethyl ether with target receptors exceeding that of the conventional drug (metformin), PPARs agonist (rosiglitazone) and co-crystallized ligands, indicating that fisetin could be a potential drug of choice in T2DM management. This study depicts the interrelationship of the bioactive compounds of MECSW with the T2DM-associated signaling pathways and target receptors. It also proposes a more pharmaceutically effective substance, fisetin tetramethyl ether, over the standard drug that activates PPARG protein in the PPAR signaling pathway of T2DM.
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Liu Y, Gusev A, Heng YJ, Alexandrov LB, Kraft P. Somatic mutational profiles and germline polygenic risk scores in human cancer. Genome Med 2022; 14:14. [PMID: 35144655 PMCID: PMC8832866 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutational profile of cancer reflects the activity of the mutagenic processes which have been operative throughout the lineage of the cancer cell. These processes leave characteristic profiles of somatic mutations called mutational signatures. Mutational signatures, including single-base substitution (SBS) signatures, may reflect the effects of exogenous or endogenous exposures. METHODS We used polygenic risk scores (PRS) to summarize common germline variation associated with cancer risk and other cancer-related traits and examined the association between somatic mutational profiles and germline PRS in 12 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Somatic mutational profiles were constructed from whole-exome sequencing data of primary tumors. PRS were calculated for the 12 selected cancer types and 9 non-cancer traits, including cancer risk determinants, hormonal factors, and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, using germline genetic data and published summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. RESULTS We found 17 statistically significant associations between somatic mutational profiles and germline PRS after Bonferroni correction (p < 3.15 × 10-5), including positive associations between germline inflammatory bowel disease PRS and number of somatic mutations attributed to signature SBS1 in prostate cancer and APOBEC-related signatures in breast cancer. Positive associations were also found between age at menarche PRS and mutation counts of SBS1 in overall and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Consistent with prior studies that found an inverse association between the pubertal development PRS and risk of prostate cancer, likely reflecting hormone-related mechanisms, we found an inverse association between age at menarche PRS and mutation counts of SBS1 in prostate cancer. Inverse associations were also found between several cancer PRS and tumor mutation counts. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that there are robust associations between tumor somatic mutational profiles and germline PRS. These may reflect the mechanisms through hormone regulation and immune responses that contribute to cancer etiology and drive cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Liu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Yujing J. Heng
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Ma C, Wang Y, Wilson KM, Mucci LA, Stampfer MJ, Pollak M, Penney KL. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1-Related Biomarkers and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkab091. [PMID: 35047751 PMCID: PMC8763370 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental and epidemiologic evidence supports the role of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with the risk of prostate cancer. Most circulating IGF-1 is bound to specific binding proteins, and only about 5% circulates in a free form. We explored the relation of free IGF-1 and other components of the IGF system with lethal prostate cancer. Methods Using prospectively collected samples, we undertook a nested case-only analysis among 434 men with lethal prostate cancer and 524 men with indolent, nonlethal prostate cancer in the Physicians’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Prediagnostic plasma samples were assayed for free IGF-1 and total IGF-1, acid labile subunit, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and intact and total IGF binding protein 4. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between IGF-1–related biomarkers and lethal prostate cancer using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, height, and body mass index. Results Men in the highest quartile of PAPP-A levels had 42% higher odds of lethal prostate cancer (pooled adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.92) compared with men in the lowest 3 quartiles. There were no statistically significant differences in the other plasma analytes. The positive association between PAPP-A and lethal prostate cancer was present among men with intact PTEN but not among those with tumor PTEN loss (2-sided Pinteraction = .001). Conclusions Our study provides suggestive evidence that among men who later develop prostate cancer, higher plasma PAPP-A levels measured prior to diagnosis are associated with increased risk of lethal compared with indolent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Chaoran Ma, MD, PhD, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Ye Wang
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Shan J, Geng X, Liu Z, Lu Y, Zhou R, Zhang Z, Xu H, Zhou X, Ma W, Zhu H, Shi H. Clinical research analysis based on prostate cancer screening diagnosis. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14371. [PMID: 35014705 DOI: 10.1111/and.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with positive prostate biopsy at 4-20 ng/mL of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), construct a new parameter based on this characteristics and assess its diagnostic value for prostate cancer (PCa). Logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the risk factors of PCa, and a new parameter based on the results was constructed. Compare the diagnostic value of various diagnostic parameters for PCa. Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (OR, 5.269; 95%CI, 2.762-10.050), comorbid diabetes (OR, 2.437; 95%CI, 1.162-5.111), PSA (OR, 2.462; 95%CI, 1.198-5.059) and prostate volume (PV) (OR, 0.227; 95%CI, 0.100-0.516) are risk factors for PCa. The age, PSA and PV of patients were combined to construct a new parameter, that is A-PSAD = (age × total PSA [TPSA])/PV]. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve(AUC) of A-PSAD (0.728) for PCa diagnosis was higher than the AUCs of TPSA (0.581), free prostate-specific antigen (0.514), (F/T)PSA (0.535) and PSAD (0.696), with significant differences. Age, history of diabetes, TPSA and PV are risk factors for PCa(PSA:4-20ng/mL); in addition, A-PSAD has a moderate diagnostic value for PCa and may become a new indicator for PCa screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Shan
- Department of urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Geng
- Department of urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Youlu Lu
- Department of urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Raorao Zhou
- Department of urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhang
- Department of urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenzhuo Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hengyu Zhu
- Department of urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hongbin Shi
- Department of urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Loeb S, Fu BC, Bauer SR, Pernar CH, Chan JM, Van Blarigan EL, Giovannucci EL, Kenfield SA, Mucci LA. Association of plant-based diet index with prostate cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:662-670. [PMID: 34791008 PMCID: PMC8895206 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets are associated with multiple health benefits and a favorable environmental impact. For prostate cancer, previous studies suggest a beneficial role of specific plant-based foods (e.g., tomatoes) and a potentially harmful role of specific animal-based foods (e.g., meat, dairy). However, less is known about plant-based dietary patterns. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the relation between plant-based diet indices and prostate cancer risk, including clinically relevant disease. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study including 47,239 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014). Overall and healthful plant-based diet indices were calculated from FFQs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs to examine the risk of incident prostate cancer (total and by clinical category), among men ages <65 and ≥65 y. RESULTS Of the 47,239 men, 6655 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer over follow-up, including 515 with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis, 956 with lethal disease (metastasis or death), and 806 prostate cancer deaths. Greater overall plant-based consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.01; P-trend = 0.04). In men aged <65, a higher plant-based diet index was associated with a lower risk of advanced, lethal, and fatal prostate cancer. Moreover, greater consumption of a healthful plant-based diet was associated with lower risks of total (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.98; P-trend = 0.046) and lethal prostate cancer (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.94; P-trend = 0.03) at age <65. There were no associations between overall or healthful plant-based diet indices with prostate cancer among men ≥65 y. Fewer than 1% of participants followed a strict vegetarian or vegan diet. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study provides supportive evidence that greater consumption of healthful plant-based foods is associated with a lower risk of aggressive forms of prostate cancer, with stronger benefit among men aged <65 y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin C Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Bauer
- Department of Medicine and Urology, UCSF; Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - June M Chan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin L Van Blarigan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Watts EL, Perez-Cornago A, Doherty A, Allen NE, Fensom GK, Tin Tin S, Key TJ, Travis RC. Physical activity in relation to circulating hormone concentrations in 117,100 men in UK Biobank. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:1197-1212. [PMID: 34216337 PMCID: PMC8492588 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity may reduce the risk of some types of cancer in men. Biological mechanisms may involve changes in hormone concentrations; however, this relationship is not well established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of physical activity with circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG, which modifies sex hormone activity), and total and free testosterone concentrations, and the extent these associations might be mediated by body mass index (BMI). METHODS Circulating concentrations of these hormones and anthropometric measurements and self-reported physical activity data were available for 117,100 healthy male UK Biobank participants at recruitment. Objectively measured accelerometer physical activity levels were also collected on average 5.7 years after recruitment in 28,000 men. Geometric means of hormone concentrations were estimated using multivariable-adjusted analysis of variance, with and without adjustment for BMI. RESULTS The associations between physical activity and hormones were modest and similar for objectively measured (accelerometer) and self-reported physical activity. Compared to men with the lowest objectively measured physical activity, men with high physical activity levels had 14% and 8% higher concentrations of SHBG and total testosterone, respectively, and these differences were attenuated to 6% and 3% following adjustment for BMI. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the associations of physical activity with the hormones investigated are, at most, modest; and following adjustment for BMI, the small associations with SHBG and total testosterone were largely attenuated. Therefore, it is unlikely that changes in these circulating hormones explain the associations of physical activity with risk of cancer either independently or via BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Aiden Doherty
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi E Allen
- UK Biobank Ltd, Cheadle, Stockport, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Georgina K Fensom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sandar Tin Tin
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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Mikami K, Ozasa K, Miki T, Watanabe Y, Mori M, Kubo T, Suzuki K, Wakai K, Nakao M, Tamakoshi A. Dairy products and the risk of developing prostate cancer: A large-scale cohort study (JACC Study) in Japan. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7298-7307. [PMID: 34606688 PMCID: PMC8525158 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products have been indicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, only a few epidemiological studies have reported dairy products as being a risk factor for prostate cancer in Japan, reporting contradictory results. We therefore investigated the association between the intake of dairy products and the occurrence of prostate cancer through a large‐scale cohort study. The Japan Collaborative Cohort study analyzed approximately 110,000 residents from various Japanese districts who participated in our questionnaire survey during 1988–1990. The subjects of the present study were 26,464 men (age range: 40–79 years) from 24 districts wherein cancer incidence was reported. Their clinical course was followed up until 2009. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, survey area, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, and total energy intake. For diet, we calculated the HRs associated with intermediate and high consumption of dairy products and compared them with those associated with low consumption. There were 412 cases of prostate cancer in the survey population. As dairy products, milk, yogurt, cheese, and butter were evaluated. Among them, milk consumption was associated with a significant risk (HR = 1.37, p = 0.009) and a dose‐dependent response (p for trend = 0.009) adjusted for age and family history of prostate cancer, stratified by area. Milk and yogurt consumption showed a significantly positive risk and a dose–response relationship adjusted for age, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, and total energy intake, stratified by area. In summary, a high intake of dairy products such as milk increased the risk of developing prostate cancer in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Mikami
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Urology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuneharu Miki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Mori
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine/ Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakao
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tong TYN, Perez-Cornago A, Bradbury KE, Key TJ. Biomarker Concentrations in White and British Indian Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians in the UK Biobank. J Nutr 2021; 151:3168-3179. [PMID: 34132352 PMCID: PMC8485916 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies have shown differences in some disease risks between vegetarians and nonvegetarians, but the potential biological pathways are not well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess differences in concentrations of biomarkers related to disease pathways in people with varying degrees of animal foods exclusion. METHODS The UK Biobank recruited 500,000 participants aged 40-69 y (54.4% women) throughout the United Kingdom in 2006-2010. Blood and urine were collected at recruitment and assayed for more than 30 biomarkers related to cardiovascular diseases, bone and joint health, cancer, diabetes, renal disease, and liver health. In cross-sectional analyses, we estimated adjusted geometric means of these biomarkers by 6 diet groups (regular meat eaters, low meat eaters, poultry eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, vegans) in 466,058 white British participants and 2 diet groups (meat eaters, vegetarians) in 5535 British Indian participants. RESULTS We observed differences in the concentrations of most biomarkers, with many biomarkers showing a gradient effect from meat eaters to vegetarians/vegans. Of the largest differences, compared with white British regular meat eaters, white British vegans had lower C-reactive protein [adjusted geometric mean (95% CI): 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) compared with 1.43 (1.42, 1.43) mg/L], lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [3.13 (3.07, 3.20) compared with 3.65 (3.65, 3.65) mmol/L], lower vitamin D [34.4 (33.1, 35.9) compared with 44.5 (44.4, 44.5) nmol/L], lower serum urea [4.21 (4.11, 4.30) compared with 5.36 (5.36, 5.37) mmol/L], lower urinary creatinine [5440 (5120, 5770) compared with 7280 (7260, 7300) μmol/L], and lower γ-glutamyltransferase [23.5 (22.2, 24.8) compared with 29.6 (29.6, 29.7) U/L]. Patterns were mostly similar in British Indians, and results were consistent between women and men. CONCLUSIONS The observed differences in biomarker concentrations, including lower C-reactive protein, lower LDL cholesterol, lower vitamin D, lower creatinine, and lower γ-glutamyltransferase, in vegetarians and vegans may relate to differences in future disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sattayapiwat O, Wan P, Hernandez BY, Le Marchand L, Wilkens L, Haiman CA. Association of Anthropometric Measures With the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1770-1783. [PMID: 33751036 PMCID: PMC8675395 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk, conducted primarily in White men, positive associations with advanced disease have been reported. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over 22 years (1993-2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (≥68 inches (≥ 173 cm) vs. < 66 inches (168 cm); hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.48) and high-grade disease (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared with men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in Blacks and Native Hawaiians (by race, P for heterogeneity = 0.0002 and 0.008, respectively). Weight change since age 21 years was positively associated with high-grade disease (for ≥ 40 pounds (18 kg) vs. 10 pounds (4.5 kg), HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; P for trend = 0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all 5 racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Correspondence to Dr. Christopher A. Haiman, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Harlyne Norris Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1504A, Mail Code LG591 MC9601, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (e-mail: )
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Roudsari NM, Lashgari NA, Momtaz S, Abaft S, Jamali F, Safaiepour P, Narimisa K, Jackson G, Bishayee A, Rezaei N, Abdolghaffari AH, Bishayee A. Inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention and Intervention. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1195. [PMID: 34452154 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway has been suggested to have connections with the malignant transformation, growth, proliferation, and metastasis of various cancers and solid tumors. Relevant connections between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, cell survival, and prostate cancer (PC) provide a great therapeutic target for PC prevention or treatment. Recent studies have focused on small-molecule mTOR inhibitors or their usage in coordination with other therapeutics for PC treatment that are currently undergoing clinical testing. In this study, the function of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the consequence of its dysregulation, and the development of mTOR inhibitors, either as an individual substance or in combination with other agents, and their clinical implications are discussed. The rationale for targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and specifically the application and potential utility of natural agents involved in PC treatment is described. In addition to the small-molecule mTOR inhibitors, there are evidence that several natural agents are able to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in prostatic neoplasms. These natural mTOR inhibitors can interfere with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through multiple mechanisms; however, inhibition of Akt and suppression of mTOR 1 activity are two major therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy improves the efficacy of these inhibitors to either suppress the PC progression or circumvent the resistance by cancer cells.
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Watling CZ, Kelly RK, Tong TYN, Piernas C, Watts EL, Tin Tin S, Knuppel A, Schmidt JA, Travis RC, Key TJ, Perez-Cornago A. Associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I with intake of dietary proteins and other macronutrients. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4685-4693. [PMID: 34237695 PMCID: PMC8345002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is associated with the risk of several cancers. Dietary protein intake, particularly dairy protein, may increase circulating IGF-I; however, associations with different protein sources, other macronutrients, and fibre are inconclusive. To investigate the associations between intake of protein, macronutrients and their sources, fibre, and alcohol with serum IGF-I concentrations. METHODS A total of 11,815 participants from UK Biobank who completed ≥4 24-h dietary assessments and had serum IGF-I concentrations measured at baseline were included. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the cross-sectional associations of macronutrient and fibre intake with circulating IGF-I concentrations. RESULTS Circulating IGF-I concentrations were positively associated with intake of total protein (per 2.5% higher energy intake: 0.56 nmol/L (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.66)), milk protein: 1.20 nmol/L (0.90, 1.51), and yogurt protein: 1.33 nmol/L (0.79, 1.86), but not with cheese protein: -0.07 nmol/L (-0.40, 0.25). IGF-I concentrations were also positively associated with intake of fibre (per 5 g/day higher intake: 0.46 nmol/L (0.35, 0.57)) and starch from wholegrains (Q5 vs. Q1: 1.08 nmol/L (0.77, 1.39)), and inversely associated with alcohol consumption (>40 g/day vs <1 g/day: -1.36 nmol/L (-1.00, -1.71)). CONCLUSIONS These results show differing associations with IGF-I concentrations depending on the source of dairy protein, with positive associations with milk and yogurt protein intake but no association with cheese protein. The positive association of fibre and starch from wholegrains with IGF-I warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Z Watling
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca K Kelly
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandar Tin Tin
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Watts EL, Fensom GK, Smith Byrne K, Perez‐Cornago A, Allen NE, Knuppel A, Gunter MJ, Holmes MV, Martin RM, Murphy N, Tsilidis KK, Yeap BB, Key TJ, Travis RC. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I, total and free testosterone concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 200 000 men in UK Biobank. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2274-2288. [PMID: 33252839 PMCID: PMC8048461 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and testosterone have been implicated in prostate cancer aetiology. Using data from a large prospective full-cohort with standardised assays and repeat blood measurements, and genetic data from an international consortium, we investigated the associations of circulating IGF-I, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and total and calculated free testosterone concentrations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. For prospective analyses, risk was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression in 199 698 male UK Biobank participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat hormone measurements from a subsample. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis of IGF-I and risk used genetic instruments identified from UK Biobank men and genetic outcome data from the PRACTICAL consortium (79 148 cases and 61 106 controls). We used cis- and all (cis and trans) SNP MR approaches. A total of 5402 men were diagnosed with and 295 died from prostate cancer (mean follow-up 6.9 years). Higher circulating IGF-I was associated with elevated prostate cancer diagnosis (HR per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.12) and mortality (HR per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.15, 1.02-1.29). MR analyses also supported the role of IGF-I in prostate cancer diagnosis (cis-MR odds ratio per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.34, 1.07-1.68). In observational analyses, higher free testosterone was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increment = 1.10, 1.05-1.15). Higher SHBG was associated with a lower risk (HR per 10 nmol/L increment = 0.95, 0.94-0.97), neither was associated with prostate cancer mortality. Total testosterone was not associated with prostate cancer. These findings implicate IGF-I and free testosterone in prostate cancer development and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Georgina K. Fensom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Karl Smith Byrne
- Genetic Epidemiology GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- UK Biobank LtdStockportUK
| | - Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesFiona Stanley HospitalPerthAustralia
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Feng X, Zhou CK, Clish CB, Wilson KM, Pernar CH, Dickerman BA, Loda M, Finn SP, Penney KL, Schmidt DR, Heiden MGV, Giovannucci EL, Ebot EM, Mucci LA. Association of Prediagnostic Blood Metabolomics with Prostate Cancer Defined by ERG or PTEN Molecular Subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1000-1008. [PMID: 33627383 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion and PTEN loss are two of the most common somatic molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the association of prediagnostic-circulating metabolomics and prostate cancer defined by ERG or PTEN status to improve understanding of these etiologically distinct molecular prostate cancer subtypes. METHODS The study was performed among 277 prostate cancer cases with ERG status, 211 with PTEN status, and 294 controls nested in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Physicians' Health Study (PHS). We profiled 223 polar and non-polar metabolites using LC-MS in prediagnostic plasma specimens. We applied enrichment analysis and multinomial logistic regression models to identify biological metabolite classes and individual metabolites associated with prostate cancer defined by ERG or PTEN status. RESULTS Compared with noncancer controls, sphingomyelin (P: 0.01), ceramide (P: 0.04), and phosphatidylethanolamine (P: 0.03) circulating levels were enriched among ERG-positive prostate cancer cases. Sphingomyelins (P: 0.02), ceramides (P: 0.005), and amino acids (P: 0.02) were enriched among tumors exhibiting PTEN-loss; unsaturated diacylglycerols (P: 0.003) were enriched among PTEN-intact cases; and unsaturated triacylglycerols were enriched among both PTEN-loss (P: 0.001) and PTEN-intact (P: 0.0001) cases. Although several individual metabolites identified in the above categories were nominally associated with ERG or PTEN-defined prostate cancer, none remained significant after accounting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS The molecular process of prostate carcinogenesis may be distinct for men with different metabolomic profiles. IMPACT These novel findings provide insights into the metabolic environment for the development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbra A Dickerman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology Research, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel R Schmidt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Stankovic S, R. Day F, Zhao Y, Langenberg C, J. Wareham N, R. B. Perry J, K. Ong K. Elucidating the genetic architecture underlying IGF1 levels and its impact on genomic instability and cancer risk. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16417.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) has been implicated in mitogenic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms that promote susceptibility to cancer development and growth. Previous epidemiological studies have described phenotypic associations between higher circulating levels of IGF1 in adults with higher risks for breast, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, melanoma and lung cancers. However, such evidence is prone to confounding and reverse causality. Furthermore, it is unclear whether IGF1 promotes only the survival and proliferation of cancerous cells, or also the malignant transformation of healthy cells. Methods: We perform a genome-wide association study in 428,525 white European ancestry individuals in the UK Biobank study (UKBB) and identify 831 independent genetic determinants of circulating IGF1 levels, double the number previously reported. Results: Collectively these signals explain ~7.5% of the variance in circulating IGF1 levels in EPIC-Norfolk, with individuals in the highest 10% of genetic risk exhibiting ~1 SD higher levels than those in the lowest 10%. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we demonstrate that genetically higher circulating IGF1 levels are associated with greater likelihood of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in leukocytes in men in UKBB (OR per +1 SD = 1.038 (95% CI: 1.010-1.067), P=0.008) and 23andMe, Inc. (P=6.8×10-05), a biomarker of genomic instability involved in early tumorigenesis. Genetically higher IGF1 is also associated with higher risks for colorectal (OR = 1.126 (1.048-1.210), P=1.3×10-03) and breast cancer (OR= 1.075 (1.048-1.103), P=3.9×10-08), with similar effects on estrogen positive (ER+) (OR = 1.069 (1.037-1.102), P=2.3×10-05) and estrogen negative (ER-) (OR = 1.074 (1.025-1.125), P=3.9×10-08) subtypes. Conclusions: These findings give an insight into the genetic regulation of circulating IGF1 levels and support a causal role for IGF1 in early tumorigenesis and risks for breast and colorectal cancers.
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McCarty MF, Assanga SI, Lujan LL. Age-adjusted mortality from pancreatic cancer increased NINE-FOLD in japan from 1950 to 1995 - Was a low-protein quasi-vegan diet a key factor in their former low risk? Med Hypotheses 2021; 149:110518. [PMID: 33582316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last half of the twentieth century, age-adjusted mortality from pancreatic cancer in Japan rose about nine-fold in both sexes. Well-characterized risk factors such as smoking, obesity/metabolic syndrome, and heavy alcohol use appear to explain only a modest part of this rise. It is proposed that a diet relatively low in protein, and particularly low in animal protein, was a key determinant of the low risk for pancreatic cancer in mid-century Japan. It is further proposed that pancreatic acinar cells, owing to their extraordinarily high rate of protein synthesis, are at high risk for ER stress; that such stress plays a fundamental role in the induction of most pancreatic cancers; and that low-protein diets help to offset such stress by modulating activities of the kinases GCN2 and mTORC1 while increasing autocrine and systemic production of fibroblast growth factor 21. This model appears to clarify the role of various risk factors and protective factors in pancreatic cancer induction. A vegan or quasi-vegan low-protein diet may have broader potential for decreasing risk for a range of common "Western" cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States.
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Fu BC, Tabung FK, Pernar CH, Wang W, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Chowdhury-Paulino IM, Clinton SK, Folefac E, Song M, Kibel AS, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA. Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns and Risk of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2021; 79:405-412. [PMID: 33422354 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia and inflammation are inter-related pathways that link diet with the risk of several chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that these pathways may also increase prostate cancer risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hyperinsulinemic diet and inflammatory diet are associated with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We prospectively followed 41 209 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2014). Scores for two validated dietary patterns were calculated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline and updated every 4 yr. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Total, advanced, and lethal prostate cancer outcomes were assessed. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for associations between two empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns-empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern-and prostate cancer risk estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS During 28 yr of follow-up, 5929 incident cases of total prostate cancer, including 1019 advanced and 667 fatal, were documented. In multivariable-adjusted models, there was a 7% higher risk of advanced prostate cancer (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) and a 9% higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00-1.18) per standard deviation (SD) increase in the hyperinsulinemic diet. When stratified by age, the hyperinsulinemic diet was associated with only earlier-onset aggressive prostate cancer (men under 65 yr), with per SD HRs of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06-1.35) for advanced, 1.22 (1.04-1.42) for fatal, and 1.20 (1.04-1.38) for lethal. The inflammatory diet was not associated with prostate cancer risk in the overall study population, but was associated with earlier-onset lethal prostate cancer (per SD increase HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35). CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia and inflammation may be potential mechanisms linking dietary patterns with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer, particularly earlier-onset disease. PATIENT SUMMARY Avoiding inflammatory and hyperinsulinemic dietary patterns may be beneficial for the prevention of clinically relevant prostate cancer, especially among younger men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weike Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edmund Folefac
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Allen NE, Arnold M, Parish S, Hill M, Sheard S, Callen H, Fry D, Moffat S, Gordon M, Welsh S, Elliott P, Collins R. Approaches to minimising the epidemiological impact of sources of systematic and random variation that may affect biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:222. [PMID: 33364437 PMCID: PMC7739095 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16171.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: UK Biobank is a large prospective study that recruited 500,000 participants aged 40 to 69 years, between 2006-2010.The study has collected (and continues to collect) extensive phenotypic and genomic data about its participants. In order to enhance further the value of the UK Biobank resource, a wide range of biochemistry markers were measured in all participants with an available biological sample. Here, we describe the approaches UK Biobank has taken to minimise error related to sample collection, processing, retrieval and assay measurement. Methods: During routine quality control checks, the laboratory team observed that some assay results were lower than expected for samples acquired during certain time periods. Analyses were undertaken to identify and correct for the unexpected dilution identified during sample processing, and for expected error caused by laboratory drift of assay results. Results: The vast majority (92%) of biochemistry serum assay results were assessed to be not materially affected by dilution, with an estimated difference in concentration of less than 1% (i.e. either lower or higher) than that expected if the sample were unaffected; 8.3% were estimated to be diluted by up to 10%; very few samples appeared to be diluted more than this. Biomarkers measured in urine (creatinine, microalbumin, sodium, potassium) and red blood cells (HbA1c) were not affected. In order to correct for laboratory variation over the assay period, all assay results were adjusted for date of assay, with the exception of those that had a high biological coefficient of variation or evident seasonal variability: vitamin D, lipoprotein (a), gamma glutamyltransferase, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor. Conclusions: Rigorous approaches related to sample collection, processing, retrieval, assay measurement and data analysis have been taken to mitigate the impact of both systematic and random variation in epidemiological analyses that use the biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | - Matthew Arnold
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sarah Parish
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK
| | | | - Howard Callen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | - Daniel Fry
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | - Stewart Moffat
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK
| | - Mark Gordon
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | | | - Paul Elliott
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
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Jarrard D, Filon M, Huang W, Havighurst T, DeShong K, Kim K, Konety BR, Saltzstein D, Mukhtar H, Wollmer B, Suen C, House MG, Parnes HL, Bailey HH. A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial of pomegranate fruit extract in men with localized prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance. Prostate 2021; 81:41-49. [PMID: 33095939 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OR OBJECTIVE Men with favorable-risk prostate cancer (PCa) on active surveillance may benefit from intervention strategies to slow or prevent disease progression and the need for definitive treatment. Pomegranate and its extracts have shown antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in cell lines and animal models, but its effect on human prostate cancer as a target tissue remain unclear. Objectives of this trial include pomegranate's ability to alter serum and prostate tissue biomarkers and the ability of an active surveillance cohort to adhere to a chemoprevention trial for 1 year. METHODS Men with organ-confined, favorable-risk PCa on AS were randomly assigned to receive pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) 1000 mg (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) once daily for twelve months. Prostate biopsies were performed at study entry and upon completion of the 1-year intervention. Plasma and urinary biomarkers were analyzed utilizing immunoassays and HPLC. Tissue proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and measured by automated quantitation. RESULTS PFE was well-tolerated with no significant toxicities. One patient withdrew before study initiation and 29 completed the 1-year intervention. No differences in plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, prostate-specific antigen doubling time, or biopsy kinetics were observed. Metabolites including urolithin A and urolithin A-gluc were detected more frequently in the PFE arm in both urine and plasma (p < .001 and p = .006, respectively). IHC analyses revealed reductions from baseline in 8-OHdG (a DNA damage marker) (p = .01) and androgen receptor expression (p = .04) in prostate tumor associated with PFE treatment. CONCLUSION PFE administration for 12-month was well-tolerated and the protocol followed in an active surveillance population. Analyses suggest that PFE contains bioactive compounds capable of altering biomarkers involving oxidative stress and androgen signaling in prostate tumor and normal-appearing adjacent tissue. No alterations in the IGF axis were noted. This finding of study adherence and target activity provides a rationale for the further investigation of PFE in the active surveillance population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jarrard
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mikolaj Filon
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tom Havighurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katina DeShong
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - KyungMann Kim
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Badrinath R Konety
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Saltzstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin
| | - Barbara Wollmer
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chen Suen
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Howard H Bailey
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Urology San Antonio Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Perez-Cornago A, Fensom GK, Andrews C, Watts EL, Allen NE, Martin RM, Van Hemelrijck M, Key TJ, Travis RC. Examination of potential novel biochemical factors in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality in UK Biobank. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1808-1817. [PMID: 32963348 PMCID: PMC7722733 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, its aetiology is not well understood. We aimed to identify novel biochemical factors for prostate cancer incidence and mortality in UK Biobank. METHODS A range of cardiovascular, bone, joint, diabetes, renal and liver-related biomarkers were measured in baseline blood samples collected from up to 211,754 men at recruitment and in a subsample 5 years later. Participants were followed-up via linkage to health administrative datasets to identify prostate cancer cases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression corrected for regression dilution bias. Multiple testing was accounted for by using a false discovery rate controlling procedure. RESULTS After an average follow-up of 6.9 years, 5763 prostate cancer cases and 331 prostate cancer deaths were ascertained. Prostate cancer incidence was positively associated with circulating vitamin D, urea and phosphate concentrations and inversely associated with glucose, total protein and aspartate aminotransferase. Phosphate and cystatin-C were the only biomarkers positively and inversely, respectively, associated with risk in analyses excluding the first 4 years of follow-up. There was little evidence of associations with prostate cancer death. CONCLUSION We found novel associations of several biomarkers with prostate cancer incidence. Future research will examine associations by tumour characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Georgina K Fensom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colm Andrews
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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48
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Gulick CN, Peddie MC, Cameron C, Bradbury K, Rehrer NJ. Physical activity, dietary protein and insulin-like growth factor 1: Cross-sectional analysis utilising UK Biobank. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 55:101353. [PMID: 33002777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) is an anabolic hormone that stimulates cell growth and division. The effects of IGF-1 may be beneficial (muscle growth/repair) or detrimental (increased risk of several types of cancer and mortality) for health. Dietary protein and physical activity are thought to be factors that modulate IGF-1. OBJECTIVE This study analysed the relationships dietary protein vs IGF-1 and physical activity vs IGF-1 independently with a large sample size, and determined if/how physical activity affected the association between dietary protein and IGF-1 in healthy adults. METHODS Regression models were used to assess the association between dietary protein and/or physical activity on serum IGF-1 in a cross-sectional sample of 60,677 healthy adults that were enrolled in the UK Biobank project. RESULTS Dietary protein was positively associated with IGF-1 (0.030 nmol/L;95%CI 0.027-0.033;p < 0.001). Individuals undertaking 10-50 excess MET h/week of physical activity had 0.129 nmol/L greater IGF-1 than participants completing less than 10 excess MET h/week (95%CI 0.028-0.230). The "high" category of physical activity (>50 excess MET h/week) was not correlated with IGF-1 (-0.055 nmol/L;95%CI -0.185-0.076). When dietary protein and physical activity were included in the same model, physical activity did not change the relationship between dietary protein and IGF-1, nor visa-versa. CONCLUSIONS The positive association between dietary protein and IGF-1 was not influenced by physical activity. The former association was stronger than the latter. Thus, when seeking to adjust IGF-1 for possible health concerns, regulating dietary protein may be more pertinent than physical activity as a primary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Gulick
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - M C Peddie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - C Cameron
- Department of Centre for Biostatistics, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - K Bradbury
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, 22 Park Ave, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - N J Rehrer
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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49
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Giovannucci E. Adiposity over the life course and prostate cancer: unraveling the complexities. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:1051-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Allen NE, Arnold M, Parish S, Hill M, Sheard S, Callen H, Fry D, Moffat S, Gordon M, Welsh S, Elliott P, Collins R. Approaches to minimising the epidemiological impact of sources of systematic and random variation that may affect biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:222. [PMID: 33364437 PMCID: PMC7739095 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16171.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: UK Biobank is a large prospective study that recruited 500,000 participants aged 40 to 69 years, between 2006-2010.The study has collected (and continues to collect) extensive phenotypic and genomic data about its participants. In order to enhance further the value of the UK Biobank resource, a wide range of biochemistry markers were measured in all participants with an available biological sample. Here, we describe the approaches UK Biobank has taken to minimise error related to sample collection, processing, retrieval and assay measurement. Methods: During routine quality control checks, the laboratory team observed that some assay results were lower than expected for samples acquired during certain time periods. Analyses were undertaken to identify and correct for the unexpected dilution identified during sample processing, and for expected error caused by laboratory drift of assay results. Results: The vast majority (92%) of biochemistry serum assay results were assessed to be not materially affected by dilution, with an estimated difference in concentration of less than 1% (i.e. either lower or higher) than that expected if the sample were unaffected; 8.3% were estimated to be diluted by up to 10%; very few samples appeared to be diluted more than this. Biomarkers measured in urine (creatinine, microalbumin, sodium, potassium) and red blood cells (HbA1c) were not affected. In order to correct for laboratory variation over the assay period, all assay results were adjusted for date of assay, with the exception of those that had a high biological coefficient of variation or evident seasonal variability: vitamin D, lipoprotein (a), gamma glutamyltransferase, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor. Conclusions: Rigorous approaches related to sample collection, processing, retrieval, assay measurement and data analysis have been taken to mitigate the impact of both systematic and random variation in epidemiological analyses that use the biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | - Matthew Arnold
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sarah Parish
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK
| | | | - Howard Callen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | - Daniel Fry
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | - Stewart Moffat
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, UK
| | - Mark Gordon
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
| | | | - Paul Elliott
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OXFORD, Oxon, OX3 7LF, UK
- UK Biobank, Stockport, Cheshire, SK3 0SA, UK
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