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Doostmohammadi A, Jooya H, Ghorbanian K, Gohari S, Dadashpour M. Potentials and future perspectives of multi-target drugs in cancer treatment: the next generation anti-cancer agents. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:228. [PMID: 38622735 PMCID: PMC11020265 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide with more than an estimated 19.3 million new cases in 2020. The occurrence rises dramatically with age, and the overall risk accumulation is combined with the tendency for cellular repair mechanisms to be less effective in older individuals. Conventional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy, have been used for decades to combat cancer. However, the emergence of novel fields of cancer research has led to the exploration of innovative treatment approaches focused on immunotherapy, epigenetic therapy, targeted therapy, multi-omics, and also multi-target therapy. The hypothesis was based on that drugs designed to act against individual targets cannot usually battle multigenic diseases like cancer. Multi-target therapies, either in combination or sequential order, have been recommended to combat acquired and intrinsic resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Several studies focused on multi-targeting treatments due to their advantages include; overcoming clonal heterogeneity, lower risk of multi-drug resistance (MDR), decreased drug toxicity, and thereby lower side effects. In this study, we'll discuss about multi-target drugs, their benefits in improving cancer treatments, and recent advances in the field of multi-targeted drugs. Also, we will study the research that performed clinical trials using multi-target therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Doostmohammadi
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Jooya
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kimia Ghorbanian
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sargol Gohari
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Bastone AL, Dziadek V, John-Neek P, Mansel F, Fleischauer J, Agyeman-Duah E, Schaudien D, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Schwarzer A, Schambach A, Rothe M. Development of an in vitro genotoxicity assay to detect retroviral vector-induced lymphoid insertional mutants. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:515-533. [PMID: 37693949 PMCID: PMC10491817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessment in retroviral vector-mediated gene therapy remains challenging. In clinical trials for different blood and immune disorders, insertional mutagenesis led to myeloid and lymphoid leukemia. We previously developed the In Vitro Immortalization Assay (IVIM) and Surrogate Assay for Genotoxicity Assessment (SAGA) for pre-clinical genotoxicity prediction of integrating vectors. Murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (mHSPCs) transduced with mutagenic vectors acquire a proliferation advantage under limiting dilution (IVIM) and activate stem cell- and cancer-related transcriptional programs (SAGA). However, both assays present an intrinsic myeloid bias due to culture conditions. To detect lymphoid mutants, we differentiated mHSPCs to mature T cells and analyzed their phenotype, insertion site pattern, and gene expression changes after transduction with retroviral vectors. Mutagenic vectors induced a block in differentiation at an early progenitor stage (double-negative 2) compared to fully differentiated untransduced mock cultures. Arrested samples harbored high-risk insertions close to Lmo2, frequently observed in clinical trials with severe adverse events. Lymphoid insertional mutants displayed a unique gene expression signature identified by SAGA. The gene expression-based highly sensitive molecular readout will broaden our understanding of vector-induced oncogenicity and help in pre-clinical prediction of retroviral genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella L. Bastone
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Violetta Dziadek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp John-Neek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Mansel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenni Fleischauer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Agyeman-Duah
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH – Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Yu S, Tu R, Chen Z, Song J, Li P, Hu F, Yuan G, Zhang R, Li Y. Association of PTGER4 and PRKAA1 genetic polymorphisms with gastric cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:209. [PMID: 37670284 PMCID: PMC10478487 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, affected by several genetic loci in the clinical phenotype. This study aimed to determine the association between PTGER4 and PRKAA1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of GC. METHODS A total of 509 GC patients and 507 age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited to explore the association between PTGER4 and PRKAA1 genetic polymorphisms and GC susceptibility. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the correlation between these SNPs and GC, with odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as indicators. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was utilized to analyze the genetic relationships among SNPs. was conducted to predict gene expression, the impact of SNPs on gene expression, and the signaling pathways involved in PTGER4 and PRKAA1. RESULTS Overall, rs10036575 in PTGER4 (OR = 0.82, p = 0.029), rs10074991 (OR = 0.82, p = 0.024) and rs13361707 (OR = 0.82, p = 0.030) in PRKAA1 were associated with susceptibility to GC. Stratification analysis revealed that the effects of these SNPs in PTGER4 and PRKAA1 on GC susceptibility were dependent on smoking and were associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinoma (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed an association between SNPs and corresponding gene expression (p < 0.05), and PRKAA1 may affect GC by mediating RhoA. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PTGER4 and PRKAA1 SNPs might affect the susceptibility of GC, providing a new biological perspective for GC risk assessment, pathogenesis exploration, and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Ruisha Tu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Feixiang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Guihong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ronglin Zhang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Yini Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
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Eslami-S Z, Cortés-Hernández LE, Glogovitis I, Antunes-Ferreira M, D’Ambrosi S, Kurma K, Garima F, Cayrefourcq L, Best MG, Koppers-Lalic D, Wurdinger T, Alix-Panabières C. In vitro cross-talk between metastasis-competent circulating tumor cells and platelets in colon cancer: a malicious association during the harsh journey in the blood. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209846. [PMID: 37601099 PMCID: PMC10433913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Platelets are active players in hemostasis, coagulation and also tumorigenesis. The cross-talk between platelets and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may have various pro-cancer effects, including promoting tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastatic cell survival, adhesion, arrest and also pre-metastatic niche and metastasis formation. Interaction with CTCs might alter the platelet transcriptome. However, as CTCs are rare events, the cross-talk between CTCs and platelets is poorly understood. Here, we used our established colon CTC lines to investigate the colon CTC-platelet cross-talk in vitro and its impact on the behavior/phenotype of both cell types. Methods: We exposed platelets isolated from healthy donors to thrombin (positive control) or to conditioned medium from three CTC lines from one patient with colon cancer and then we monitored the morphological and protein expression changes by microscopy and flow cytometry. We then analyzed the transcriptome by RNA-sequencing of platelets indirectly (presence of a Transwell insert) co-cultured with the three CTC lines. We also quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR the expression of genes related to EMT and cancer development in CTCs after direct co-culture (no Transwell insert) with platelets. Results: We observed morphological and transcriptomic changes in platelets upon exposure to CTC conditioned medium and indirect co-culture (secretome). Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in EMT (p < 0.05) were decreased in CTCs co-cultured with platelets, but not of genes encoding mesenchymal markers (FN1 and SNAI2). The expression levels of genes involved in cancer invasiveness (MYC, VEGFB, IL33, PTGS2, and PTGER2) were increased. Conclusion: For the first time, we studied the CTC-platelet cross-talk using our unique colon CTC lines. Incubation with CTC conditioned medium led to platelet aggregation and activation, supporting the hypothesis that their interaction may contribute to preserve CTC integrity during their journey in the bloodstream. Moreover, co-culture with platelets influenced the expression of several genes involved in invasiveness and EMT maintenance in CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eslami-S
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Cortés-Hernández
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilias Glogovitis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mafalda Antunes-Ferreira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silvia D’Ambrosi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Keerthi Kurma
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Françoise Garima
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Myron G. Best
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
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Kibriya MG, Jasmine F, Pekow J, Munoz A, Weber C, Raza M, Kamal M, Ahsan H, Bissonnette M. Pathways Related to Colon Inflammation Are Associated with Colorectal Carcinoma: A Transcriptome- and Methylome-Wide Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2921. [PMID: 37296884 PMCID: PMC10251872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of chronic inflammation with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development is well known in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the role of inflammatory changes in sporadic CRC pathogenesis is less widely appreciated. In this study, in the first step using RNA-seq, we identified gene-pathway-level changes in UC-associated CRC (UC CRC, n = 10) and used the changes as a proxy for inflammation in human colon to ask if there were associations of inflammatory pathway dysregulations in sporadic CRC pathogenesis (n = 8). We found down-regulations of several inflammation-related metabolic pathways (nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism) and other pathways (bile secretion, fatty acid degradation) in sporadic CRC. Non-inflammation-related changes included up-regulation of the proteasome pathway. In the next step, from a larger number of paired samples from sporadic CRC patients (n = 71) from a geographically and ethnically different population and using a different platform (microarray), we asked if the inflammation-CRC association could be replicated. The associations were significant even after stratification by sex, tumor stage, grade, MSI status, and KRAS mutation status. Our findings have important implications to widen our understanding of inflammatory pathogenesis of sporadic CRC. Furthermore, targeting of several of these dysregulated pathways could provide the basis for improved therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G. Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.); (A.M.); (H.A.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.); (A.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Aaron Munoz
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.); (A.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Christopher Weber
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Maruf Raza
- Department of Pathology, Jahurul Islam Medical College, Kishoregonj 2336, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammed Kamal
- Department of Pathology, The Laboratory Dhaka, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.); (A.M.); (H.A.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.); (M.B.)
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Wei J, Zhang J, Wang D, Cen B, Lang JD, DuBois RN. The COX-2-PGE2 pathway promotes tumor evasion in colorectal adenomas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:285-296. [PMID: 35121582 PMCID: PMC9064954 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the regulation of a checkpoint receptor, PD-1, in tumor-infiltrating immune cells during the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that COX-2-derived PGE2, an inflammatory mediator and tumor promoter, induces PD-1 expression by enhancing NF-κB's binding to the PD-1 promoter via an EP4-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in both CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Moreover, PGE2 suppresses CD8+ T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity against tumor cells and impairs macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells via an EP4-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB-PD-1 signaling pathway. In contrast, inhibiting the COX-2-PGE2-EP4 pathway increases intestinal CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation and enhances intestinal macrophage phagocytosis of carcinoma cells accompanied by reduction of PD-1 expression in intestinal CD8+ T cells and macrophages in ApcMin/+ mice. PD-1 expression correlates well with COX-2 levels in human CRC specimens. Both elevated PD-1 and COX-2 are associated with poorer overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. Our results uncover a novel role of PGE2 in tumor immune evasion. They may provide the rationale for developing new therapeutic approaches to subvert this process by targeting immune checkpoint pathways using EP4 antagonists. In addition, our findings reveal a novel mechanism explaining how NSAIDs reduce colorectal cancer risk by suppressing tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Dingzhi Wang
- Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Bo Cen
- Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Jessica D Lang
- Integrated Cancer Genomics, TGen (Translational Genomics Research Institute)
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
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Du N, Dong D, Sun L, Che L, Li X, Liu Y, Wang B. Identification of ACOT13 and PTGER2 as novel candidate genes of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease through whole exome sequencing. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:142. [PMID: 34886911 PMCID: PMC8656035 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic kidney disorder. Half of the patients would slowly progress to end-stage renal disease. However, the potential target for ADPKD treatment is still lacking. Methods Four ADPKD patients and two healthy family members were included in this study. The peripheral blood samples were obtained and tested by the whole exome sequencing (WES). The autosomal mutations in ADPKD patients were retained as candidate sites. The Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and protein–protein interaction network (PPI) analyses were performed by clusterProfiler R package. A dataset containing 18 ADPKD patients and three normal samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using the limma R package. Results A total of six mutant genes were identified based on the dominant genetic pattern and most of them had not been reported to be associated with ADPKD. Furthermore, 19 harmful genes were selected according to the harmfulness of mutation. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the processes of single-organism cellular process, response to stimulus, plasma membrane, cell periphery, and anion binding as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway and pathways in cancer were significantly enriched. Through integrating PPI and gene expression analyses, acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 (ACOT13), which has not been reported to be related to ADPKD, and prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) were identified as potential genes associated with ADPKD. Conclusions Through combination of WES, gene expression, and PPI network analyses, we identified ACOT13 and PTGER2 as potential ADPKD-related genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-021-00613-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Du
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Luyao Sun
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lihe Che
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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8
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Wang D, Cabalag CS, Clemons NJ, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenases and Prostaglandins in Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1813-1829. [PMID: 34606846 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a known risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer. The evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the incidence, growth, and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer supports the concept that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug target, cyclooxygenase, and its downstream bioactive lipid products may provide one of the links between inflammation and cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway can promote gastrointestinal cancer development. Although the role of this pathway in cancer has been investigated extensively for 2 decades, only recent studies have described its effects on host defenses against transformed epithelial cells. Overcoming tumor-immune evasion remains one of the major challenges in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the impacts of the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway on gastrointestinal cancer development. Our focus was to highlight recent advances in our understanding of how this pathway induces tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carlos S Cabalag
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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Ruiz-Bañobre J, Roy R, Alustiza Fernández M, Murcia Ó, Jover R, Pera M, Balaguer F, López-López R, Goel A. Clinical significance of a microRNA signature for the identification and predicting prognosis in colorectal cancers with mucinous differentiation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1498-1506. [PMID: 32911537 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the fact that the mere presence of mucinous differentiation in colorectal cancer (CRC), rather than its proportion, is a more accurate representative of a particular CRC subtype with distinct clinical and molecular features. In addition, the prognostic significance of the mucinous carcinoma (MC) subtype remains poorly understood and biomarkers have been barely explored in this disease. Herein, we have performed a systematic and comprehensive analysis in MCs and non-MCs and identified a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed between these two subtypes of CRC. Next, we interrogated their clinical significance and demonstrated their robust diagnostic and prognostic clinical ability in CRCs with mucinous differentiation. Finally, we established an integrative risk-assessment model by combining the miRNA-based risk scores together with TNM staging, which was a superior predictor of prognosis in mucinous CRC patients. Collectively, we report a novel miRNA biomarker panel for the identification and predicting survival in CRC patients with mucinous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roshni Roy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Miren Alustiza Fernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Óscar Murcia
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Digestive Medicine Department, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Digestive Medicine Department, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Pera
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
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10
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Dietlmeier S, Ye Y, Kuhn C, Vattai A, Vilsmaier T, Schröder L, Kost BP, Gallwas J, Jeschke U, Mahner S, Heidegger HH. The prostaglandin receptor EP2 determines prognosis in EP3-negative and galectin-3-high cervical cancer cases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1154. [PMID: 31980713 PMCID: PMC6981231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently our study identified EP3 receptor and galectin-3 as prognosticators of cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was the analysis of EP2 as a novel marker and its association to EP3, galectin-3, clinical pathological parameters and the overall survival rate of cervical cancer patients. Cervical cancer tissues (n = 250), as also used in our previous study, were stained with anti-EP2 antibodies employing a standardized immunohistochemistry protocol. Staining results were analyzed by the IRS scores and evaluated for its association with clinical-pathological parameters. H-test of EP2 percent-score showed significantly different expression in FIGO I-IV stages and tumor stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that EP3-negative/EP2-high staining patients (EP2 IRS score ≥2) had a significantly higher survival rate than the EP3-negative/EP2-low staining cases (p = 0.049). In the subgroup of high galectin-3 expressing patients, the group with high EP2 levels (IRS ≥2) had significantly better survival rates compared to EP2-low expressing group (IRS <2, p = 0.044). We demonstrated that the EP2 receptor is a prognostic factor for the overall survival in the subgroup of negative EP3 and high galectin-3 expressed cervical cancer patients. EP2 in combination with EP3 or galectin-3 might act as prognostic indicators of cervical cancer. EP2, EP3, and galectin-3 could be targeted for clinical diagnosis or endocrine treatment in cervical cancer patients, which demands future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dietlmeier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Yao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd P Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Hildegard Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
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11
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Sun X, Li Q. Prostaglandin EP2 receptor: Novel therapeutic target for human cancers (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1203-1214. [PMID: 29956743 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 2 subtype (EP2), which is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that binds with and regulates cellular responses to PGE2, is associated with numerous physiological and pathological events in a wide range of tissues. As a stimulatory G protein‑coupled receptor, PGE2‑induced EP2 activation can activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cytoplasmic cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A. The EP2 receptor can also activate the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β‑catenin pathways. The present study aimed to review the roles of the EP2 receptor in tumor development, including immunity, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis and multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the involvement of the EP2 receptor signaling pathway in cancer was discussed. Understanding the role and mechanisms of action of the EP2 receptor, and its importance in targeted therapy, may help identify novel methods to improve management of numerous types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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12
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Nishihara R, Glass K, Mima K, Hamada T, Nowak JA, Qian ZR, Kraft P, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Quackenbush J, Ogino S, Onnela JP. Biomarker correlation network in colorectal carcinoma by tumor anatomic location. BMC Bioinformatics 2017. [PMID: 28623901 PMCID: PMC5474023 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal carcinoma evolves through a multitude of molecular events including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and aberrant protein expression, influenced by host immune reactions. One way to interrogate the complex carcinogenic process and interactions between aberrant events is to model a biomarker correlation network. Such a network analysis integrates multidimensional tumor biomarker data to identify key molecular events and pathways that are central to an underlying biological process. Due to embryological, physiological, and microbial differences, proximal and distal colorectal cancers have distinct sets of molecular pathological signatures. Given these differences, we hypothesized that a biomarker correlation network might vary by tumor location. Results We performed network analyses of 54 biomarkers, including major mutational events, microsatellite instability (MSI), epigenetic features, protein expression status, and immune reactions using data from 1380 colorectal cancer cases: 690 cases with proximal colon cancer and 690 cases with distal colorectal cancer matched by age and sex. Edges were defined by statistically significant correlations between biomarkers using Spearman correlation analyses. We found that the proximal colon cancer network formed a denser network (total number of edges, n = 173) than the distal colorectal cancer network (n = 95) (P < 0.0001 in permutation tests). The value of the average clustering coefficient was 0.50 in the proximal colon cancer network and 0.30 in the distal colorectal cancer network, indicating the greater clustering tendency of the proximal colon cancer network. In particular, MSI was a key hub, highly connected with other biomarkers in proximal colon cancer, but not in distal colorectal cancer. Among patients with non-MSI-high cancer, BRAF mutation status emerged as a distinct marker with higher connectivity in the network of proximal colon cancer, but not in distal colorectal cancer. Conclusion In proximal colon cancer, tumor biomarkers tended to be correlated with each other, and MSI and BRAF mutation functioned as key molecular characteristics during the carcinogenesis. Our findings highlight the importance of considering multiple correlated pathways for therapeutic targets especially in proximal colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1718-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nishihara
- Program of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Expression Pattern and Clinicopathological Relevance of the Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1/Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Protein in Colorectal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:8169724. [PMID: 27578919 PMCID: PMC4992785 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8169724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims. Cancer cells use the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) pathway to suppress the host's immune response in order to facilitate survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of malignant cells. Higher IDO1 expression was shown to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and to be correlated with impaired clinical outcome. However, the potential correlation between the expression of IDO1 in a CRC population with a low mutation rate of the APC gene remains unknown. Material and Methods. Tissues and blood samples were collected from 192 CRC patients. The expressions of IDO1, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), and beta-catenin proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined by PCR amplification of microsatellite loci. Results. The results showed that high IDO1 or TDO2 protein expression was associated with characteristics of more aggressive phenotypes of CRC. For the first time, they also revealed a positive correlation between the abnormal expression of beta-catenin and IDO1 or TDO2 proteins in a CRC population with a low mutation rate of APC. Conclusion. We concluded that an IDO1-regulated molecular pathway led to abnormal expression of beta-catenin in the nucleus/cytoplasm of CRC patients with low mutation rate of APC, making IDO1 an interesting target for immunotherapy in CRC.
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14
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15
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Dominguez-Valentin M, Therkildsen C, Da Silva S, Nilbert M. Familial colorectal cancer type X: genetic profiles and phenotypic features. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:30-6. [PMID: 24743215 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heredity is a major cause of colorectal cancer, but although several rare high-risk syndromes have been linked to disease-predisposing mutations, the genetic mechanisms are undetermined in the majority of families suspected of hereditary cancer. We review the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and the genetic and epigenetic profiles of the familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) syndrome with the aim to delineate tumor characteristics that may contribute to refined diagnostics and optimized tumor prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mev Dominguez-Valentin
- 1] HNPCC-Register, Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Therkildsen
- HNPCC-Register, Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Da Silva
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mef Nilbert
- 1] HNPCC-Register, Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Talukdar FR, Ghosh SK, Laskar RS, Kannan R, Choudhury B, Bhowmik A. Epigenetic pathogenesis of human papillomavirus in upper aerodigestive tract cancers. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1387-96. [PMID: 25213493 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recently associated with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract (SCC of UADT), but its possible role in promoting aberrant methylation in these tumors has largely remained unexplored. Herein, we investigated the association of HPV with aberrant methylation in tumor-related genes/loci consisting of the classical CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) panel markers (p16, MLH1, MINT1, MINT2, and MINT31) and other frequently methylated cancer-related genes (DAPK1, GSTP1, BRCA1, ECAD, and RASSF1) and survival of UDAT cancers. The study includes 219 SCC of UADT patients from different hospitals of Northeast India. Detection of HPV and aberrant promoter methylation was performed by PCR and Methylation Specific PCR respectively. Association study was conducted by Logistic regression analysis and overall survival analysis was done by Kaplan-Meier plot. HPV was detected in 37% of cases, with HPV-18 as the major high-risk sub-type. Although HPV presence did not seem to affect survival in overall UADT cancers, but was associated with a favourable prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Hierarchical clustering revealed three distinct clusters with different methylation profile and HPV presence. Among these, the CIMP-high subgroup exhibited the highest HPV positive cases (66%). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed a strong synergistic association of HPV and tobacco towards modulating promoter hypermethylation in UADT cancer (OR = 27.50 [95% CI = 11.51-88.03] for CIMP-high vs. CIMP-low). The present study proposes a potential role of HPV in impelling aberrant methylation in specific tumor related loci, which might contribute in the initiation and progression of SCC of UADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlur Rahman Talukdar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Sankar Kumar Ghosh
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Ruhina Shirin Laskar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Ravi Kannan
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Biswadeep Choudhury
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Arup Bhowmik
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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17
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Simper MS, Rundhaug JE, Mikulec C, Bowen R, Shen J, Lu Y, Lin K, Surh I, Fischer SM. The tumor promoting activity of the EP4 receptor for prostaglandin E2 in murine skin. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1626-39. [PMID: 25034079 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether the EP4 receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contributes to the tumor promoting activity of PGs in murine skin, EP4 over-expressing mice (BK5.EP4) were generated and subjected carcinogenesis protocols. An initiation/promotion protocol resulted in 25-fold more squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the BK5.EP4 mice than wild type (WT) mice. An increase in SCCs also occurred following treatment with initiator alone or UV irradiation. The initiator dimethylbenz[a]anthracene caused cytotoxicity in BK5.EP4, but not WT mice, characterized by sloughing of the interfollicular epidermis, regeneration and subsequent SCC development. A comparison of transcriptomes between BK5.EP4 and WT mice treated with PGE2 showed a significant upregulation of a number of genes known to be associated with tumor development, supporting a pro-tumorigenic role for the EP4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Simper
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Joyce E Rundhaug
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Carol Mikulec
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Rebecca Bowen
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Inok Surh
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Susan M Fischer
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, PO Box 389, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
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18
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Resler AJ, Makar KW, Heath L, Whitton J, Potter JD, Poole EM, Habermann N, Scherer D, Duggan D, Wang H, Lindor NM, Passarelli MN, Baron JA, Newcomb PA, Le Marchand L, Ulrich CM. Genetic variation in prostaglandin synthesis and related pathways, NSAID use and colorectal cancer risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2121-6. [PMID: 24908683 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) generally decreases colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, inherited genetic variation in inflammatory pathways may alter their potential as preventive agents. We investigated whether variation in prostaglandin synthesis and related pathways influences CRC risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry by examining associations between 192 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two variable nucleotide tandem repeats (VNTRs) within 17 candidate genes and CRC risk. We further assessed interactions between these polymorphisms and NSAID use on CRC risk. Using a case-unaffected-sibling-control design, this study included 1621 primary invasive CRC cases and 2592 sibling controls among Caucasian men and women aged 18-90. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, two intronic SNPs were associated with rectal cancer risk: rs11571364 in ALOX12 [OR(het/hzv) = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-2.95, P = 0.03] and rs45525634 in PTGER2 (OR(het/hzv) = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29-0.82, P = 0.03). Additionally, there was an interaction between NSAID use and the intronic SNP rs2920421 in ALOX12 on risk of CRC (P = 0.03); among those with heterozygous genotypes, risk was reduced for current NSAID users compared with never or former users (OR(het) = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45-0.80), though not among those with homozygous wild-type or variant genotypes. The results of this study suggest that genetic variation in ALOX12 and PTGER2 may affect the risk of rectal cancer. In addition, this study suggests plausible interactions between NSAID use and variants in ALOX12 on CRC risk. These results may aid in the development of genetically targeted cancer prevention strategies with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa J Resler
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Karen W Makar
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura Heath
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Whitton
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dominique Scherer
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - David Duggan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Hansong Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Colussi D, Brandi G, Bazzoli F, Ricciardiello L. Molecular pathways involved in colorectal cancer: implications for disease behavior and prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16365-85. [PMID: 23965959 PMCID: PMC3759916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research conducted during the past 30 years has increased our understanding of the mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer initiation and development. The findings have demonstrated the existence of at least three pathways: chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and CpG island methylator phenotype. Importantly, new studies have shown that inflammation and microRNAs contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Recent data have demonstrated that several genetic and epigenetic changes are important in determining patient prognosis and survival. Furthermore, some of these mechanisms are related to patients’ response to drugs, such as aspirin, which could be used for both chemoprevention and treatment in specific settings. Thus, in the near future, we could be able to predict disease behavior based on molecular markers found on tumors, and direct the best treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Colussi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Pad 5, Bologna 40138, Italy; E-Mails: (D.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Pad 5, Bologna 40138, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Franco Bazzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Pad 5, Bologna 40138, Italy; E-Mails: (D.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Pad 5, Bologna 40138, Italy; E-Mails: (D.C.); (F.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-51-6363-381; Fax: +39-51-343-926
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20
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Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:465-84. [PMID: 23307060 PMCID: PMC3637979 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics acts as an interface between environmental/exogenous factors, cellular responses, and pathological processes. Aberrant epigenetic signatures are a hallmark of complex multifactorial diseases (including neoplasms and malignancies such as leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and breast, lung, prostate, liver, and colorectal cancers). Epigenetic signatures (DNA methylation, mRNA and microRNA expression, etc) may serve as biomarkers for risk stratification, early detection, and disease classification, as well as targets for therapy and chemoprevention. In particular, DNA methylation assays are widely applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue specimens as clinical pathology tests. To better understand the interplay between etiological factors, cellular molecular characteristics, and disease evolution, the field of 'molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE)' has emerged as an interdisciplinary integration of 'molecular pathology' and 'epidemiology'. In contrast to traditional epidemiological research including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), MPE is founded on the unique disease principle, that is, each disease process results from unique profiles of exposomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, microbiomes, and interactomes in relation to the macroenvironment and tissue microenvironment. MPE may represent a logical evolution of GWAS, termed 'GWAS-MPE approach'. Although epigenome-wide association study attracts increasing attention, currently, it has a fundamental problem in that each cell within one individual has a unique, time-varying epigenome. Having a similar conceptual framework to systems biology, the holistic MPE approach enables us to link potential etiological factors to specific molecular pathology, and gain novel pathogenic insights on causality. The widespread application of epigenome (eg, methylome) analyses will enhance our understanding of disease heterogeneity, epigenotypes (CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide element-1; also called long interspersed nuclear element-1; long interspersed element-1; L1) hypomethylation, etc), and host-disease interactions. In this article, we illustrate increasing contribution of modern pathology to broader public health sciences, which attests pivotal roles of pathologists in the new integrated MPE science towards our ultimate goal of personalized medicine and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Transcriptional effects of E3 ligase atrogin-1/MAFbx on apoptosis, hypertrophy and inflammation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53831. [PMID: 23335977 PMCID: PMC3545877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrogin-1/MAFbx is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates myocardial structure and function through the ubiquitin-dependent protein modification. However, little is known about the effect of atrogin-1 activation on the gene expression changes in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were infected with adenovirus atrogin-1 (Ad-atrogin-1) or GFP control (Ad-GFP) for 24 hours. The gene expression profiles were compared with microarray analysis. 314 genes were identified as differentially expressed by overexpression of atrogin-1, of which 222 were up-regulated and 92 were down-regulated. Atrogin-1 overexpression significantly modulated the expression of genes in 30 main functional categories, most genes clustered around the regulation of cell death, proliferation, inflammation, metabolism and cardiomyoctye structure and function. Moreover, overexpression of atrogin-1 significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte survival, hypertrophy and inflammation under basal condition or in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, knockdown of atrogin-1 by siRNA had opposite effects. The mechanisms underlying these effects were associated with inhibition of MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) and NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, the present microarray analysis reveals previously unappreciated atrogin-1 regulation of genes that could contribute to the effects of atrogin-1 on cardiomyocyte survival, hypertrophy and inflammation in response to endotoxin, and may provide novel insight into how atrogin-1 modulates the programming of cardiac muscle gene expression.
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Ogino S, King EE, Beck AH, Sherman ME, Milner DA, Giovannucci E. Interdisciplinary education to integrate pathology and epidemiology: towards molecular and population-level health science. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:659-67. [PMID: 22935517 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, epidemiology, public health, and medical sciences have been increasingly compartmentalized into narrower disciplines. The authors recognize the value of integration of divergent scientific fields in order to create new methods, concepts, paradigms, and knowledge. Herein they describe the recent emergence of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE), which represents an integration of population and molecular biologic science to gain insights into the etiologies, pathogenesis, evolution, and outcomes of complex multifactorial diseases. Most human diseases, including common cancers (such as breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, leukemia, and lymphoma) and other chronic diseases (such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, psychiatric diseases, and some infectious diseases), are caused by alterations in the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome, and interactome of all of the above components. In this era of personalized medicine and personalized prevention, we need integrated science (such as MPE) which can decipher diseases at the molecular, genetic, cellular, and population levels simultaneously. The authors believe that convergence and integration of multiple disciplines should be commonplace in research and education. We need to be open-minded and flexible in designing integrated education curricula and training programs for future students, clinicians, practitioners, and investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, 450 Brookline Ave., Room JF-215C, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Ogino S, King EE, Beck AH, Sherman ME, Milner DA, Giovannucci E. Interdisciplinary education to integrate pathology and epidemiology: towards molecular and population-level health science. Am J Epidemiol 2012. [PMID: 22935517 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws226.3571252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, epidemiology, public health, and medical sciences have been increasingly compartmentalized into narrower disciplines. The authors recognize the value of integration of divergent scientific fields in order to create new methods, concepts, paradigms, and knowledge. Herein they describe the recent emergence of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE), which represents an integration of population and molecular biologic science to gain insights into the etiologies, pathogenesis, evolution, and outcomes of complex multifactorial diseases. Most human diseases, including common cancers (such as breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, leukemia, and lymphoma) and other chronic diseases (such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, psychiatric diseases, and some infectious diseases), are caused by alterations in the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome, and interactome of all of the above components. In this era of personalized medicine and personalized prevention, we need integrated science (such as MPE) which can decipher diseases at the molecular, genetic, cellular, and population levels simultaneously. The authors believe that convergence and integration of multiple disciplines should be commonplace in research and education. We need to be open-minded and flexible in designing integrated education curricula and training programs for future students, clinicians, practitioners, and investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, 450 Brookline Ave., Room JF-215C, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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24
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Epigenetic deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:301-13. [PMID: 22580191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of cancer and may condition its progression. The deregulation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway is implicated in several pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and cancer. Although, its targeting with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and COX-2 selective inhibitors has been investigated for years with promising results at both preventive and therapeutic levels, undesirable side effects and the limited understanding of the regulation and functionalities of the COX pathway compromise a more extensive application of these drugs. Epigenetics is bringing additional levels of complexity to the understanding of basic biological and pathological processes. The deregulation of signaling and biosynthetic pathways by epigenetic mechanisms may account for new molecular targets in cancer therapeutics. Genes of the COX pathway are seldom mutated in neoplastic cells, but a large proportion of them show aberrant expression in different types of cancer. A growing body of evidence indicates that epigenetic alterations play a critical role in the deregulation of the genes of the COX pathway. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of epigenetic processes to the deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer, getting insights into how these alterations may be relevant for the clinical management of patients.
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Edwards TL, Shrubsole MJ, Cai Q, Li G, Dai Q, Rex DK, Ulbright TM, Fu Z, Murff HJ, Smalley W, Ness R, Zheng W. A study of prostaglandin pathway genes and interactions with current nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in colorectal adenoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:855-63. [PMID: 22551900 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death and usually arises from colorectal polyps. Screening and removal of polyps reduce mortality from CRC. Colorectal polyps are known to aggregate in families; however the genetic determinants for risk of polyps are unknown. In addition, it has been shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use decreases the risk of CRC and the incidence and size of polyps. In this study, we used data from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study and the Tennessee-Indiana Adenoma Recurrence Study to evaluate selected genes from the prostaglandin (PG) metabolism and signaling pathways for association with risk of polyps and for interactions with NSAIDs. Our design consisted of discovery and replication phases for a total of 2,551 Caucasian polyp cases and 3,285 Caucasian controls. We carried out multivariable logistic regression to test for association in both the discovery and replication phase and further examined the results with meta-analysis. We detected association signals in the genes PGE receptor 3 (PTGER3) and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD), both strong biologic candidates for influence on polyp risk. We did not observe the previously reported effects and effect modification in PG-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), PGE receptor 2 (PTGER2), or PGE receptor 4 (PTGER4), although we did observe a single nucleotide polymorphism in PTGER2 associated with risk of multiple adenomas. We also observed effect modification of the HPGD signal by NSAID exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Xia D, Wang D, Kim SH, Katoh H, DuBois RN. Prostaglandin E2 promotes intestinal tumor growth via DNA methylation. Nat Med 2012; 18:224-6. [PMID: 22270723 PMCID: PMC3274627 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although aberrant DNA methylation is considered to be one of the key ways by which tumor-suppressor and DNA-repair genes are silenced during tumor initiation and progression, the mechanisms underlying DNA methylation alterations in cancer remain unclear. Here we show that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) silences certain tumor-suppressor and DNA-repair genes through DNA methylation to promote tumor growth. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized role for PGE(2) in the promotion of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianren Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Raymond N. DuBois
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field. Gut 2011; 60:397-411. [PMID: 21036793 PMCID: PMC3040598 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.217182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a complex disease resulting from somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations, including locus-specific CpG island methylation and global DNA or LINE-1 hypomethylation. Global molecular characteristics such as microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), global DNA hypomethylation, and chromosomal instability cause alterations of gene function on a genome-wide scale. Activation of oncogenes including KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA affects intracellular signalling pathways and has been associated with CIMP and MSI. Traditional epidemiology research has investigated various factors in relation to an overall risk of colon and/or rectal cancer. However, colorectal cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases with different sets of genetic and epigenetic alterations. To better understand how a particular exposure influences the carcinogenic and pathologic process, somatic molecular changes and tumour biomarkers have been studied in relation to the exposure of interest. Moreover, an investigation of interactive effects of tumour molecular changes and the exposures of interest on tumour behaviour (prognosis or clinical outcome) can lead to a better understanding of tumour molecular changes, which may be prognostic or predictive tissue biomarkers. These new research efforts represent 'molecular pathologic epidemiology', which is a multidisciplinary field of investigations of the inter-relationship between exogenous and endogenous (eg, genetic) factors, tumoural molecular signatures and tumour progression. Furthermore, integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with molecular pathological investigation is a promising area (GWAS-MPE approach). Examining the relationship between susceptibility alleles identified by GWAS and specific molecular alterations can help elucidate the function of these alleles and provide insights into whether susceptibility alleles are truly causal. Although there are challenges, molecular pathological epidemiology has unique strengths, and can provide insights into the pathogenic process and help optimise personalised prevention and therapy. In this review, we overview this relatively new field of research and discuss measures to overcome challenges and move this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang QY, Yi DQ, Zhou L, Zhang DH, Zhou TM. Status and significance of CpG island methylator phenotype in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2011; 72:183-91. [PMID: 21968189 DOI: 10.1159/000324496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is a common gynecologic malignant disease, but patients with advanced disease have a poor prognosis. The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) involves hypermethylation targeted toward the promoters of multiple genes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of epigenetic aberration of tumor-related genes in endometrial cancer. METHODS The promoter methylation status of 5 genes was examined in 35 endometrial cancer tissues, 15 matched adjacent normal endometrial tissues (NET) from the same cancer patients, and 22 benign endometria from unaffected patients by methylation-specific PCR. CIMP positivity (CIMP+) was defined as concordant methylation of ≥3 genes. RESULTS The methylation frequency of promoters for the 5 genes in the cancer tissues ranged from 37% for P16 to 57% for P14. Cancer and benign endometria, but not cancer and adjacent NET, significantly differed in methylation of P14, P16, ER, COX-2 and RASSF1A (p < 0.05). CIMP+ was frequent in cancer and adjacent NET (46 and 47%, respectively; p > 0.05), but absent in benign endometria. Moreover, CIMP+ was significantly correlated with methylation of P16 and COX-2 (r = 0.673 and 0.662, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION CIMP+ is an important and frequent epigenetic event in endometrial cancer or adjacent NET, and may be a biomarker for predicting early carcinogenesis. COX-2 is a good representative gene of CIMP+ in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China.
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