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Enikeeva K, Rafikova G, Sharifyanova Y, Mulyukova D, Vanzin A, Pavlov V. Epigenetics as a Key Factor in Prostate Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300520. [PMID: 38379272 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of malignant neoplasms in men all over the world. Against the background of increasing incidence, there is a high mortality rate from prostate cancer, which is associated with an inadequate treatment strategy. Such a high prevalence of prostate cancer requires the development of methods that can ensure early detection of the disease, improve the effectiveness of treatment, and predict the therapeutic effect. Under these circumstances, it becomes crucial to focus on the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Due to the development of molecular genetic methods, a large number of studies have been accumulated on the role of epigenetic regulation of gene activity in cancer development, since it is epigenetic changes that can be detected at the earliest stages of cancer development. The presence of epigenetic aberrations in tumor tissue and correlations with drug resistance suggest new therapeutic approaches. Detection of epigenetic alterations such as CpG island methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs as biomarkers will improve the diagnosis of the disease, and the use of these strategies as targets for therapy will allow for greater personalization of prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriia Enikeeva
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Guzel Rafikova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Yuliya Sharifyanova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Diana Mulyukova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Alexandr Vanzin
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
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2
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Tang H, Guan Y, Yuan Z, Guo T, Tan X, Fan Y, Zhang E, Wang X. Histone demethylase KDM4B contributes to advanced clear cell renal carcinoma and association with copy number variations and cell cycle progression. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2192319. [PMID: 36952476 PMCID: PMC10038057 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2192319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) poses a threat to patient survival. Epigenetic remodelling is the pathogenesis of renal cancer. Histone demethylase 4B (KDM4B) is overexpressed in many cancers through various pathways. However, the role of KDM4B in clear cell renal carcinoma has not yet been elucidated. The differential expression of KDM4B was first verified by analysing public databases. The expression of KDM4B in fresh tissues and pathology slides was further analysed by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. KDM4B overexpression and knockdown cell lines were also established. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell growth. Transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration. Xenografts were used to evaluate tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. Finally, KDM4B expression levels associated with copy number variation (CNV) and cell cycle stage were evaluated based on single-cell RNA sequencing data. KDM4B was expressed at higher levels in tumour tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. High levels of KDM4B are associated with worse pathological features and poorer prognosis. KDM4B also promotes cell proliferation and migration in vitro, as well as tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. Tumour cells with high KDM4B expression exhibited higher CNV levels and a greater proportion of cells in the G1/S transition phase. Our results confirm that KDM4B promotes the progression of clear cell renal carcinoma, is correlated with poor prognosis, and may be related to high levels of CNV and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heting Tang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuanjie Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyin Tan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Xiangan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Encheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ma Z, Bolinger AA, Chen H, Zhou J. Drug Discovery Targeting Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2). J Med Chem 2023; 66:10991-11026. [PMID: 37578463 PMCID: PMC11092389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor binding SET domain proteins (NSDs) catalyze the mono- or dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36me1 and H3K36me2), using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. As a key member of the NSD family of proteins, NSD2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases such as cancers, inflammations, and infectious diseases, serving as a promising drug target. Developing potent and specific NSD2 inhibitors may provide potential novel therapeutics. Several NSD2 inhibitors and degraders have been discovered while remaining in the early stage of drug development. Excitingly, KTX-1001, a selective NSD2 inhibitor, has entered clinical trials. In this Perspective, the structures and functions of NSD2, its roles in various human diseases, and the recent advances in drug discovery strategies targeting NSD2 have been summarized. The challenges, opportunities, and future directions for developing NSD2 inhibitors and degraders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Ma
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Song C, Liu X, Lin W, Lai K, Pan S, Lu Z, Li D, Li N, Geng Q. Systematic analysis of histone acetylation regulators across human cancers. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:733. [PMID: 37553641 PMCID: PMC10408135 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone acetylation (HA) is an important and common epigenetic pathway, which could be hijacked by tumor cells during carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the important role of HA across human cancers remains elusive. METHODS In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis at multiple levels, aiming to systematically describe the molecular characteristics and clinical relevance of HA regulators in more than 10000 tumor samples representing 33 cancer types. RESULTS We found a highly heterogeneous genetic alteration landscape of HA regulators across different human cancer types. CNV alteration may be one of the major mechanisms leading to the expression perturbations in HA regulators. Furthermore, expression perturbations of HA regulators correlated with the activity of multiple hallmark oncogenic pathways. HA regulators were found to be potentially useful for the prognostic stratification of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Additionally, we identified HDAC3 as a potential oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). CONCLUSION Overall, our results highlights the importance of HA regulators in cancer development, which may contribute to the development of clinical strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xinfei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weichen Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kai Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zilong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Donghang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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5
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He F, Xiao H, Cai Y, Zhang N. NSD1 promotes esophageal cancer tumorigenesis via HIF1α signaling. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1835-1850. [PMID: 36522543 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Unlike angiogenesis in normal tissues, tumor angiogenesis is typically dysregulated, during which the HIF1/VEGFA signaling pathway plays a pivotal role. Solid tumors generate immature vessels, which promote tumor progression and treatment resistance. NSD1 can di-methylate histone 3 lysine 36 and regulate transcription factors binding to the promoters of various genes. However, the role of NSD1 in tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the relationship between NSD1 signaling and HIF1 signaling. It was found that NSD1 transcriptionally regulates HIF1α expression by recruiting STAT3 molecule into the HIF1α promoter. In vivo xenograft experiments further confirmed that HIF1α and STAT3 maintenance is essential for NSD1-mediated tumor progression and angiogenesis. Therefore, the NSD1/STAT3/HIF1α signaling pathway may be a novel and effective treatment target for ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Piro MC, Gasperi V, De Stefano A, Anemona L, Cenciarelli CR, Montanaro M, Mauriello A, Catani MV, Terrinoni A, Gambacurta A. In Vivo Identification of H3K9me2/H3K79me3 as an Epigenetic Barrier to Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12158. [PMID: 37569534 PMCID: PMC10419041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly dynamic nature of chromatin's structure, due to the epigenetic alterations of histones and DNA, controls cellular plasticity and allows the rewiring of the epigenetic landscape required for either cell differentiation or cell (re)programming. To dissect the epigenetic switch enabling the programming of a cancer cell, we carried out wide genome analysis of Histone 3 (H3) modifications during osteogenic differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The most significant modifications concerned H3K27me2/3, H3K9me2, H3K79me1/2, and H3K4me1 that specify the process of healthy adult stem cell differentiation. Next, we translated these findings in vivo, assessing H3K27, H3K9, and H3K79 methylation states in biopsies derived from patients affected by basalioma, head and neck carcinoma, and bladder tumors. Interestingly, we found a drastic decrease in H3K9me2 and H3K79me3 in cancer specimens with respect to their healthy counterparts and also a positive correlation between these two epigenetic flags in all three tumors. Therefore, we suggest that elevated global levels of H3K9me2 and H3K79me3, present in normal differentiated cells but lost in malignancy, may reflect an important epigenetic barrier to tumorigenesis. This suggestion is further corroborated, at least in part, by the deranged expression of the most relevant H3 modifier enzymes, as revealed by bioinformatic analysis. Overall, our study indicates that the simultaneous occurrence of H3K9me2 and H3K79me3 is fundamental to ensure the integrity of differentiated tissues and, thus, their combined evaluation may represent a novel diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro De Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Claudio Raffaele Cenciarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Terrinoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (V.G.); (A.D.S.); (L.A.); (C.R.C.); (A.M.); (A.T.)
- NAST Centre (Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation), Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Zhang S, Shen T, Zeng Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082243. [PMID: 37190171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gradual evolution of prostate tissue from benign tumor to malignant lesion or distant metastasis is driven by intracellular epigenetic changes and the tumor microenvironment remodeling. With the continuous study of epigenetic modifications, these tumor-driving forces are being discovered and are providing new treatments for cancer. Here we introduce the classification of epigenetic modification and highlight the role of epigenetic modification in tumor remodeling and communication of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology & Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, No. 20 Beijiu Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Urology, the Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology & Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China
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8
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Roth C, Kilpinen H, Kurian MA, Barral S. Histone lysine methyltransferase-related neurodevelopmental disorders: current knowledge and saRNA future therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1090046. [PMID: 36923252 PMCID: PMC10009263 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1090046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a group of debilitating diseases presenting with motor and cognitive dysfunction, with variable age of onset and disease severity. Advances in genetic diagnostic tools have facilitated the identification of several monogenic chromatin remodeling diseases that cause Neurodevelopmental disorders. Chromatin remodelers play a key role in the neuro-epigenetic landscape and regulation of brain development; it is therefore not surprising that mutations, leading to loss of protein function, result in aberrant neurodevelopment. Heterozygous, usually de novo mutations in histone lysine methyltransferases have been described in patients leading to haploinsufficiency, dysregulated protein levels and impaired protein function. Studies in animal models and patient-derived cell lines, have highlighted the role of histone lysine methyltransferases in the regulation of cell self-renewal, cell fate specification and apoptosis. To date, in depth studies of histone lysine methyltransferases in oncology have provided strong evidence of histone lysine methyltransferase dysregulation as a determinant of cancer progression and drug resistance. As a result, histone lysine methyltransferases have become an important therapeutic target for the treatment of different cancer forms. Despite recent advances, we still lack knowledge about the role of histone lysine methyltransferases in neuronal development. This has hampered both the study and development of precision therapies for histone lysine methyltransferases-related Neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of the role of histone lysine methyltransferases in neuronal development and disease progression. We will also discuss how RNA-based technologies using small-activating RNAs could potentially provide a novel therapeutic approach for the future treatment of histone lysine methyltransferase haploinsufficiency in these Neurodevelopmental disorders, and how they could be first tested in state-of-the-art patient-derived neuronal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Roth
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Kilpinen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Barral
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Lam-Ubol A, Phattarataratip E. Distinct histone H3 modification profiles correlate with aggressive characteristics of salivary gland neoplasms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15063. [PMID: 36064736 PMCID: PMC9445049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones is the crucial event that affect many tumor-specific traits. A diverse type of histone modifications had been reported in different cancers with prognostic implications. This study aimed to examine the degree of histone H3 modifications in salivary gland neoplasms and their associations with tumor pathologic characteristics and proliferative activity. The expression of H3K9Ac, H3K18Ac, H3K9Me3 and Ki-67 in 70 specimens of salivary gland neoplasms, consisting of 30 mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and 20 pleomorphic adenoma (PA), were investigated immunohistochemically. The immunohistochemical scoring of 3 histone modification types and Ki-67 labeling index were determined. Overall, MEC demonstrated elevated H3K9Ac level compared with benign PA. Increased H3K9Me3 in MEC was positively correlated with small nest invasion at tumor front, advanced pathologic grade, and elevated proliferative index. In addition, the significant upregulation of all 3 types of histone H3 modification was noted in solid subtype of ACC and associated with increased cell proliferation. This study indicates that salivary gland neoplasms differentially acquire distinct patterns of histone H3 modification, which impact prognostically relevant cancer phenotypes. The hyperacetylation and methylation of histone H3 could be underpinning the prognostically worsen solid type of ACC, and the trimethylation of H3K9 may be involved in aggressive characteristics of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroonwan Lam-Ubol
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23 Wattana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Phattarataratip
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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10
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Storck WK, May AM, Westbrook TC, Duan Z, Morrissey C, Yates JA, Alumkal JJ. The Role of Epigenetic Change in Therapy-Induced Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Lineage Plasticity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:926585. [PMID: 35909568 PMCID: PMC9329809 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway is critical for growth and differentiation of prostate cancer cells. For that reason, androgen deprivation therapy with medical or surgical castration is the principal treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. More recently, new potent AR signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have been developed. These drugs improve survival for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the lethal form of the disease. However, ARSI resistance is nearly universal. One recently appreciated resistance mechanism is lineage plasticity or switch from an AR-driven, luminal differentiation program to an alternate differentiation program. Importantly, lineage plasticity appears to be increasing in incidence in the era of new ARSIs, strongly implicating AR suppression in this process. Lineage plasticity and shift from AR-driven tumors occur on a continuum, ranging from AR-expressing tumors with low AR activity to AR-null tumors that have activation of alternate differentiation programs versus the canonical luminal program found in AR-driven tumors. In many cases, AR loss coincides with the activation of a neuronal program, most commonly exemplified as therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC). While genetic events clearly contribute to prostate cancer lineage plasticity, it is also clear that epigenetic events-including chromatin modifications and DNA methylation-play a major role. Many epigenetic factors are now targetable with drugs, establishing the importance of clarifying critical epigenetic factors that promote lineage plasticity. Furthermore, epigenetic marks are readily measurable, demonstrating the importance of clarifying which measurements will help to identify tumors that have undergone or are at risk of undergoing lineage plasticity. In this review, we discuss the role of AR pathway loss and activation of a neuronal differentiation program as key contributors to t-NEPC lineage plasticity. We also discuss new epigenetic therapeutic strategies to reverse lineage plasticity, including those that have recently entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K. Storck
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Allison M. May
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas C. Westbrook
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zhi Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joel A. Yates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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11
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Conteduca G, Cangelosi D, Coco S, Malacarne M, Baldo C, Arado A, Pinto R, Testa B, Coviello DA. NSD1 Mutations in Sotos Syndrome Induce Differential Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs, miR646 and Genes Controlling the G2/M Checkpoint. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070988. [PMID: 35888078 PMCID: PMC9324496 DOI: 10.3390/life12070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence indicates the critical role of the NSD1 gene in Sotos syndrome (SoS), a rare genetic disease, and in tumors. Molecular mechanisms affected by NSD1 mutations are largely uncharacterized. In order to assess the impact of NSD1 haploinsufficiency in the pathogenesis of SoS, we analyzed the gene expression profile of fibroblasts isolated from the skin samples of 15 SoS patients and of 5 healthy parents. We identified seven differentially expressed genes and five differentially expressed noncoding RNAs. The most upregulated mRNA was stratifin (SFN) (fold change, 3.9, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.05), and the most downregulated mRNA was goosecoid homeobox (GSC) (fold change, 3.9, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.05). The most upregulated lncRNA was lnc-C2orf84-1 (fold change, 4.28, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.001), and the most downregulated lncRNA was Inc-C15orf57 (fold change, −0.7, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.05). A gene set enrichment analysis reported the enrichment of genes involved in the KRAS and E2F signaling pathways, splicing regulation and cell cycle G2/M checkpoints. Our results suggest that NSD1 is involved in cell cycle regulation and that its mutation can induce the down-expression of genes involved in tumoral and neoplastic differentiation. The results contribute to defining the role of NSD1 in fibroblasts for the prevention, diagnosis and control of SoS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Conteduca
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Michela Malacarne
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Chiara Baldo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Alessia Arado
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Rute Pinto
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Barbara Testa
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Domenico A. Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-5636-3977
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12
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The role of NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 histone methyltransferases in solid tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:285. [PMID: 35532818 PMCID: PMC9520630 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 constitute the nuclear receptor-binding SET Domain (NSD) family of histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36) methyltransferases. These structurally similar enzymes mono- and di-methylate H3K36, which contribute to the maintenance of chromatin integrity and regulate the expression of genes that control cell division, apoptosis, DNA repair, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Aberrant expression or mutation of members of the NSD family is associated with developmental defects and the occurrence of some types of cancer. In this review, we discuss the effect of alterations in NSDs on cancer patient's prognosis and response to treatment. We summarize the current understanding of the biological functions of NSD proteins, focusing on their activities and the role in the formation and progression in solid tumors biology, as well as how it depends on tumor etiologies. This review also discusses ongoing efforts to develop NSD inhibitors as a promising new class of cancer therapeutic agents.
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13
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Limberger T, Schlederer M, Trachtová K, Garces de Los Fayos Alonso I, Yang J, Högler S, Sternberg C, Bystry V, Oppelt J, Tichý B, Schmeidl M, Kodajova P, Jäger A, Neubauer HA, Oberhuber M, Schmalzbauer BS, Pospisilova S, Dolznig H, Wadsak W, Culig Z, Turner SD, Egger G, Lagger S, Kenner L. KMT2C methyltransferase domain regulated INK4A expression suppresses prostate cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:89. [PMID: 35354467 PMCID: PMC8966196 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent truncation mutations of the histone lysine N-methyltransferase KMT2C have been detected by whole exome sequencing studies in various cancers, including malignancies of the prostate. However, the biological consequences of these alterations in prostate cancer have not yet been elucidated. METHODS To investigate the functional effects of these mutations, we deleted the C-terminal catalytic core motif of Kmt2c specifically in mouse prostate epithelium. We analysed the effect of Kmt2c SET domain deletion in a Pten-deficient PCa mouse model in vivo and of truncation mutations of KMT2C in a large number of prostate cancer patients. RESULTS We show here for the first time that impaired KMT2C methyltransferase activity drives proliferation and PIN formation and, when combined with loss of the tumour suppressor PTEN, triggers loss of senescence, metastatic dissemination and dramatically reduces life expectancy. In Kmt2c-mutated tumours we show enrichment of proliferative MYC gene signatures and loss of expression of the cell cycle repressor p16INK4A. In addition, we observe a striking reduction in disease-free survival of patients with KMT2C-mutated prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS We identified truncating events of KMT2C as drivers of proliferation and PIN formation. Loss of PTEN and KMT2C in prostate cancer results in loss of senescence, metastatic dissemination and reduced life expectancy. Our data demonstrate the prognostic significance of KMT2C mutation status in prostate cancer patients. Inhibition of the MYC signalling axis may be a viable treatment option for patients with KMT2C truncations and therefore poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Limberger
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,CBmed-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Trachtová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Garces de Los Fayos Alonso
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiaye Yang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Högler
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vojtech Bystry
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Tichý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Schmeidl
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Kodajova
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Jäger
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Oberhuber
- CBmed-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Belinda S Schmalzbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- CBmed-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, University Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerda Egger
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Lagger
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,CBmed-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Lipid Metabolism and Epigenetics Crosstalk in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040851. [PMID: 35215499 PMCID: PMC8874497 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men in the Western world. Localized low-risk PCa has an excellent prognosis thanks to effective local treatments; however, despite the incorporation of new therapeutic strategies, metastatic PCa remains incurable mainly due to disease heterogeneity and the development of resistance to therapy. The mechanisms underlying PCa progression and therapy resistance are multiple and include metabolic reprogramming, especially in relation to lipid metabolism, as well as epigenetic remodelling, both of which enable cancer cells to adapt to dynamic changes in the tumour. Interestingly, metabolism and epigenetics are interconnected. Metabolism can regulate epigenetics through the direct influence of metabolites on epigenetic processes, while epigenetics can control metabolism by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of metabolic genes. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest an association between a high-fat diet, which can alter the availability of metabolites, and PCa progression. Here, we review the alterations of lipid metabolism and epigenetics in PCa, before focusing on the mechanisms that connect them. We also discuss the influence of diet in this scenario. This information may help to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as targetable vulnerabilities.
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15
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Epigenetic Coregulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:277-293. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Yildirim-Buharalioglu G. KDM6B Regulates Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation by Controlling c-MYC Expression. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 101:106-119. [PMID: 34862309 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and 6B (KDM6B) has been reported in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanism underlying the specific role of KDM6A/B in PCa is still fragmentary. Here, we report novel KDM6A/B downstream targets involved in controlling PCa cell proliferation. KDM6A and KDM6B mRNAs were higher in LNCaP but not in PC3 and DU145 cells. Higher KDM6A mRNA was confirmed at the protein level. A metastasis associated gene focussed oligonucleotide array was performed to identify KDM6A/B dependent genes in LNCaP cells treated with a KDM6 family selective inhibitor, GSK-J4. This identified 5 genes (c-MYC, NF2, CTBP1, EPHB2, PLAUR) that were decreased more than 50 % by GSK-J4 and c-MYC was the most downregulated gene. Array data was validated by quantitative RT-PCR, which detected a reduction in c-MYC steady state mRNA and pre-spliced mRNA, indicative of transcriptional repression of c-MYC gene expression. Furthermore, c-MYC protein was also decreased by GSK-J4. Importantly, GSK-J4 reduced mRNA and protein levels of c-MYC target gene, CyclinD1 (CCND1). Silencing of KDM6A/B with siRNA confirmed that expression of both c-MYC and CCND1 are dependent on KDM6B. Phosphorylated Retinoblastoma (pRb), a marker of G1 to S-phase transition, was decreased by GSK-J4 and KDM6B silencing. GSK-J4 treatment resulted decrease in cell proliferation and cell number, detected by MTS assay and conventional cell counting, respectively. Consequently, we conclude that KDM6B controlling c-MYC, CCND1 and pRb contribute regulation of PCa cell proliferation, which represents KDM6B as a promising epigenetic target for the treatment of advanced PCa. Significance Statement Lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and 6B (KDM6B) were upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we reported novel KDM6A/B downstream targets involved in controlling PCa cell proliferation. Amongst 84 metastasis associated genes, c-MYC was the most inhibited gene by KDM6 family inhibitor, GSK-J4. This was accompanied by decreased c-MYC target gene, CCND1 and pRb, which were selectively dependent on KDM6B. GSK-J4 decreased proliferation and cell counting. Consequently, we conclude that KDM6B controlling c-MYC, CCND1 and pRb contribute regulation of PCa proliferation.
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17
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Adimulam T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. The Effect of Organoselenium Compounds on Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and Their Potential for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312952. [PMID: 34884764 PMCID: PMC8657714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic changes alter gene expression, contributing to cancer. Epigenetic changes in cancer arise from alterations in DNA and histone modifications that lead to tumour suppressor gene silencing and the activation of oncogenes. The acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins are determined by the histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases that control gene transcription. Organoselenium compounds have become promising contenders in cancer therapeutics. Apart from their anti-oxidative effects, several natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds and metabolites act as histone deacetylase inhibitors, which influence the acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins, altering gene transcription. This review aims to summarise the effect of natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds on histone and non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in cancer therapy.
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18
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Shrestha A, Kim N, Lee SJ, Jeon YH, Song JJ, An H, Cho SJ, Kadayat TM, Chin J. Targeting the Nuclear Receptor-Binding SET Domain Family of Histone Lysine Methyltransferases for Cancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14913-14929. [PMID: 34488340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain (NSD) proteins are a class of histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTases) that are amplified, mutated, translocated, or overexpressed in various types of cancers. Several campaigns to develop NSD inhibitors for cancer treatment have begun following recent advances in knowledge of NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 structures and functions as well as the U.S. FDA approval of the first HKMTase inhibitor (tazemetostat, an EZH2 inhibitor) to treat follicular lymphoma and epithelioid sarcoma. This perspective highlights recent findings on the structures of catalytic su(var), enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax (SET) domains and other functional domains of NSD methyltransferases. In addition, recent progress and efforts to discover NSD-specific small molecule inhibitors against cancer-targeting catalytic SET domains, plant homeodomains, and proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline domains are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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19
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Hou X, Li Q, Yang L, Yang Z, He J, Li Q, Li D. KDM1A and KDM3A promote tumor growth by upregulating cell cycle-associated genes in pancreatic cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1869-1883. [PMID: 34171978 PMCID: PMC8424634 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211023473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant cancer of the pancreas with a very poor prognosis. Methylation of histone lysine residues is essential for regulating cancer physiology and pathophysiology, mediated by a set of methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs). This study surveyed the expression of methylation regulators functioning at lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9) in pancreatic lesions and explored the underlying mechanisms. We analyzed KDM1A and KDM3A expression in clinical samples by immunohistochemical staining and searching the TCGA PAAD program and GEO datasets. Next, we identified the variation in tumor growth in vitro and in vivo after knockdown of KDM1A or KDM3A and explored the downstream regulators of KDM1A and KDM3A via RNA-seq, and gain- and loss-of-function assays. Eleven H3K9 methylation regulators were highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, and only KDM1A and KDM3A expression positively correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics in pancreatic cancer. High expression of KDM1A or KDM3A positively correlated with pathological grade, lymphatic metastasis, invasion, and clinical stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that a higher level of KDM1A or KDM3A led to a shorter survival period. Knockdown of KDM1A or KDM3A led to markedly impaired tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CCNA2, a cell cycle-associated gene was partially responsible for KDM1A knockdown-mediated effect and CDK6, also a cell cycle-associated gene was partially responsible for KDM3A knockdown-mediated effect on pancreatic cancer cells. Our study demonstrates that KDM1A and KDM3A are highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and are intimately correlated with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. The mechanism of action of KDM1A or KDM3A was both linked to the regulation of cell cycle-associated genes, such as CCNA2 or CDK6, respectively, by an H3K9-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qiuguo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Leping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Daming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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20
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Tauchmann S, Schwaller J. NSD1: A Lysine Methyltransferase between Developmental Disorders and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090877. [PMID: 34575025 PMCID: PMC8465848 DOI: 10.3390/life11090877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent epigenomic alterations associated with multiple human pathologies have increased the interest in the nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) lysine methyltransferase. Here, we review the current knowledge about the biochemistry, cellular function and role of NSD1 in human diseases. Several studies have shown that NSD1 controls gene expression by methylation of lysine 36 of histone 3 (H3K36me1/2) in a complex crosstalk with de novo DNA methylation. Inactivation in flies and mice revealed that NSD1 is essential for normal development and that it regulates multiple cell type-specific functions by interfering with transcriptional master regulators. In humans, putative loss of function NSD1 mutations characterize developmental syndromes, such as SOTOS, as well as cancer from different organs. In pediatric hematological malignancies, a recurrent chromosomal translocation forms a NUP98-NSD1 fusion with SET-dependent leukemogenic activity, which seems targetable by small molecule inhibitors. To treat or prevent diseases driven by aberrant NSD1 activity, future research will need to pinpoint the mechanistic correlation between the NSD1 gene dosage and/or mutational status with development, homeostasis, and malignant transformation.
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21
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Kukkonen K, Taavitsainen S, Huhtala L, Uusi-Makela J, Granberg KJ, Nykter M, Urbanucci A. Chromatin and Epigenetic Dysregulation of Prostate Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3325. [PMID: 34283056 PMCID: PMC8268970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of chromatin and epigenetics has been defined as the overarching cancer hallmark. By disrupting transcriptional regulation in normal cells and mediating tumor progression by promoting cancer cell plasticity, this process has the ability to mediate all defined hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we collect and assess evidence on the contribution of chromatin and epigenetic dysregulation in prostate cancer. We highlight important mechanisms leading to prostate carcinogenesis, the emergence of castration-resistance upon treatment with androgen deprivation therapy, and resistance to antiandrogens. We examine in particular the contribution of chromatin structure and epigenetics to cell lineage commitment, which is dysregulated during tumorigenesis, and cell plasticity, which is altered during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konsta Kukkonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Laura Huhtala
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Joonas Uusi-Makela
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Kirsi J. Granberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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22
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Pacheco MB, Camilo V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic Editing in Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Epigenetics 2021; 17:564-588. [PMID: 34130596 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1939477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenome editing consists of fusing a predesigned DNA recognition unit to the catalytic domain of a chromatin modifying enzyme leading to the introduction or removal of an epigenetic mark at a specific locus. These platforms enabled the study of the mechanisms and roles of epigenetic changes in several research domains such as those addressing pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Despite the continued efforts required to overcome some limitations, which include specificity, off-target effects, efficacy, and longevity, these tools have been rapidly progressing and improving.Since prostate cancer is characterized by multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations that affect different signalling pathways, epigenetic editing constitutes a promising strategy to hamper cancer progression. Therefore, by modulating chromatin structure through epigenome editing, its conformation might be better understood and events that drive prostate carcinogenesis might be further unveiled.This review describes the different epigenome engineering tools, their mechanisms concerning gene's expression and regulation, highlighting the challenges and opportunities concerning prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brütt Pacheco
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Camilo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. DR. António Bernardino De Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Sun L, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 13:877-919. [PMID: 34050894 PMCID: PMC9243210 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Recent evidence suggests that many metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes as a consequence of the translocation or spatial regionalization of enzymes or metabolites. Various metabolic alterations and epigenetic modifications also reportedly drive immune escape or impede immunosurveillance within certain contexts, playing important roles in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on how metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and immune cells reshapes epigenetic alterations, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. We also discuss other eminent metabolic modifications such as, succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, and update the current advances in metabolism- and epigenetic modification-based therapeutic prospects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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24
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Merriel SWD, Ingle SM, May MT, Martin RM. Retrospective cohort study evaluating clinical, biochemical and pharmacological prognostic factors for prostate cancer progression using primary care data. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044420. [PMID: 33579772 PMCID: PMC7883851 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To confirm the association of previously reported prognostic factors with future progression of localised prostate cancer using primary care data and identify new potential prognostic factors for further assessment in prognostic model development and validation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study, employing Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and Gleason score, was stratified by diagnostic stage. SETTING Primary care in England. PARTICIPANTS Males with localised prostate cancer diagnosedbetween 01/01/1987 and 31/12/2016 within the Clinical Practice ResearchDatalink database, with linked data from the National Cancer Registration andAnalysis Service and Office for National Statistics. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Primary outcome measure was prostate cancer mortality. Secondary outcome measures were all-cause mortality and commencing systemic therapy. Up-staging after diagnosis was not used as a secondary outcome owing to significant missing data. RESULTS 10 901 men (mean age 74.38±9.03 years) with localised prostate cancer were followed up for a mean of 14.12 (±6.36) years. 2331 (21.38%) men underwent systemic therapy and 3450 (31.65%) died, including 1250 (11.47%) from prostate cancer. Factors associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer mortality included age; high PSA; current or ex-smoker; ischaemic heart disease; high C reactive protein; high ferritin; low haemoglobin; high blood glucose and low albumin. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several new potential prognostic factors for prostate cancer progression, as well as confirming some known prognostic factors, in an independent primary care data set. Further research is needed to develop and validate a prognostic model for prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne Marie Ingle
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Margaret T May
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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25
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Pandareesh MD, Kameshwar VH, Byrappa K. Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in Relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:253-267. [PMID: 32682386 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200719020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer poses a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodeling, and chromosomal looping, have significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelialmesenchymal transition and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation, and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss the clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazkar D Pandareesh
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Vivek H Kameshwar
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Kullaiah Byrappa
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
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26
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Samaržija I. Post-Translational Modifications That Drive Prostate Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33572160 PMCID: PMC7915076 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a protein primary structure is determined by genetic code, its specific functional form is mostly achieved in a dynamic interplay that includes actions of many enzymes involved in post-translational modifications. This versatile repertoire is widely used by cells to direct their response to external stimuli, regulate transcription and protein localization and to keep proteostasis. Herein, post-translational modifications with evident potency to drive prostate cancer are explored. A comprehensive list of proteome-wide and single protein post-translational modifications and their involvement in phenotypic outcomes is presented. Specifically, the data on phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation in prostate cancer and the enzymes involved are collected. This type of knowledge is especially valuable in cases when cancer cells do not differ in the expression or mutational status of a protein, but its differential activity is regulated on the level of post-translational modifications. Since their driving roles in prostate cancer, post-translational modifications are widely studied in attempts to advance prostate cancer treatment. Current strategies that exploit the potential of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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27
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Sharma A, Liu H, Herwig-Carl MC, Chand Dakal T, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Epigenetic Regulatory Enzymes: mutation Prevalence and Coexistence in Cancers. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:257-273. [PMID: 33411587 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1872593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is an important layer of transcriptional control with the particularity to affect the broad spectrum of genome. Over the years, largely due to the substantial number of recurrent mutations, there have been hundreds of novel driver genes characterized in various cancers. Additionally, the relative contribution of two dysregulated epigenomic entities (DNA methylation and histone modifications) that gradually drive the cancer phenotype remains in the research focus. However, a complex scenario arises when the disease phenotype does not harbor any relevant mutation or an abnormal transcription level. Although the cancer landscape involves the contribution of multiple genetic and non-genetic factors, herein, we discuss specifically the mutation spectrum of epigenetically-related enzymes in cancer. In addition, we address the coexistence of these two epigenetic entities in malignant human diseases, especially cancer. We suggest that the study of epigenetically-related somatic mutations in the early cellular differentiation stage of embryonic development might help to understand their later-staged footprints in the cancer genome. Furthermore, understanding the co-occurrence and/or inverse association of different disease types and redefining the general definition of "healthy" controls could provide insights into the genome reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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28
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Epigenetic reprogramming during prostate cancer progression: A perspective from development. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:136-151. [PMID: 33545340 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conrad Waddington's theory of epigenetic landscape epitomize the process of cell fate and cellular decision-making during development. Wherein the epigenetic code maintains patterns of gene expression in pluripotent and differentiated cellular states during embryonic development and differentiation. Over the years disruption or reprogramming of the epigenetic landscape has been extensively studied in the course of cancer progression. Cellular dedifferentiation being a key hallmark of cancer allow us to take cues from the biological processes involved during development. Here, we discuss the role of epigenetic landscape and its modifiers in cell-fate determination, differentiation and prostate cancer progression. Lately, the emergence of RNA-modifications has also furthered our understanding of epigenetics in cancer. The overview of the epigenetic code regulating androgen signalling, and progression to aggressive neuroendocrine stage of PCa reinforces its gene regulatory functions during the development of prostate gland as well as cancer progression. Additionally, we also highlight the clinical implications of cancer cell epigenome, and discuss the recent advancements in the therapeutic strategies targeting the advanced stage disease.
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29
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Huang H, Howard CA, Zari S, Cho HJ, Shukla S, Li H, Ndoj J, González-Alonso P, Nikolaidis C, Abbott J, Rogawski DS, Potopnyk MA, Kempinska K, Miao H, Purohit T, Henderson A, Mapp A, Sulis ML, Ferrando A, Grembecka J, Cierpicki T. Covalent inhibition of NSD1 histone methyltransferase. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1403-1410. [PMID: 32868895 PMCID: PMC7669657 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor-binding SET domain (NSD) family of histone methyltransferases is associated with various malignancies, including aggressive acute leukemia with NUP98-NSD1 translocation. While NSD proteins represent attractive drug targets, their catalytic SET domains exist in autoinhibited conformation, presenting notable challenges for inhibitor development. Here, we employed a fragment-based screening strategy followed by chemical optimization, which resulted in the development of the first-in-class irreversible small-molecule inhibitors of the nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) SET domain. The crystal structure of NSD1 in complex with covalently bound ligand reveals a conformational change in the autoinhibitory loop of the SET domain and formation of a channel-like pocket suitable for targeting with small molecules. Our covalent lead-compound BT5-demonstrates on-target activity in NUP98-NSD1 leukemia cells, including inhibition of histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation and downregulation of target genes, and impaired colony formation in an NUP98-NSD1 patient sample. This study will facilitate the development of the next generation of potent and selective inhibitors of the NSD histone methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina A Howard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sergei Zari
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hyo Je Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shirish Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juliano Ndoj
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Abbott
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David S Rogawski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Hongzhi Miao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Trupta Purohit
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Henderson
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Mapp
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Sulis
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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30
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Li G, Kanagasabai T, Lu W, Zou MR, Zhang SM, Celada SI, Izban MG, Liu Q, Lu T, Ballard BR, Zhou X, Adunyah SE, Matusik RJ, Yan Q, Chen Z. KDM5B Is Essential for the Hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT Signaling in Prostate Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4633-4643. [PMID: 32868382 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
KDM5B (lysine[K]-specific demethylase 5B) is frequently upregulated in various human cancers including prostate cancer. KDM5B controls H3K4me3/2 levels and regulates gene transcription and cell differentiation, yet the contributions of KDM5B to prostate cancer tumorigenesis remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional role of KDM5B in epigenetic dysregulation and prostate cancer progression in cultured cells and in mouse models of prostate epithelium-specific mutant Pten/Kdm5b. Kdm5b deficiency resulted in a significant delay in the onset of prostate cancer in Pten-null mice, whereas Kdm5b loss alone caused no morphologic abnormalities in mouse prostates. At 6 months of age, the prostate weight of Pten/Kdm5b mice was reduced by up to 70% compared with that of Pten mice. Pathologic analysis revealed Pten/Kdm5b mice displayed mild morphologic changes with hyperplasia in prostates, whereas age-matched Pten littermates developed high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Mechanistically, KDM5B governed PI3K/AKT signaling in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. KDM5B directly bound the PIK3CA promoter, and KDM5B knockout resulted in a significant reduction of P110α and PIP3 levels and subsequent decrease in proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. Conversely, KDM5B overexpression resulted in increased PI3K/AKT signaling. Loss of Kdm5b abrogated the hyperactivation of AKT signaling by decreasing P110α/P85 levels in Pten/Kdm5b mice. Taken together, our findings reveal that KDM5B acts as a key regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling; they also support the concept that targeting KDM5B is a novel and effective therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that levels of histone modification enzyme KDM5B determine hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling in prostate cancer and that targeting KDM5B could be a novel strategy against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wenfu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mike R Zou
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sherly I Celada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael G Izban
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Billy R Ballard
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee.
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31
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Shah SG, Mandloi T, Kunte P, Natu A, Rashid M, Reddy D, Gadewal N, Gupta S. HISTome2: a database of histone proteins, modifiers for multiple organisms and epidrugs. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:31. [PMID: 32746900 PMCID: PMC7398201 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics research is progressing in basic, pre-clinical and clinical studies using various model systems. Hence, updating the knowledge and integration of biological data emerging from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies for different epigenetic factors is essential. Moreover, new drugs are being discovered which target various epigenetic proteins, tested in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials and approved by the FDA. It brings distinct challenges as well as opportunities to update the existing HIstome database for implementing and applying enormous data for biomedical research. RESULTS HISTome2 focuses on the sub-classification of histone proteins as variants and isoforms, post-translational modifications (PTMs) and modifying enzymes for humans (Homo sapiens), rat (Rattus norvegicus) and mouse (Mus musculus) on one interface for integrative analysis. It contains 232, 267 and 350 entries for histone proteins (non-canonical/variants and canonical/isoforms), PTMs and modifying enzymes respectively for human, rat, and mouse. Around 200 EpiDrugs for various classes of epigenetic modifiers, their clinical trial status, and pharmacological relevance have been provided in HISTome2. The additional features like 'Clustal omega' for multiple sequence alignment, link to 'FireBrowse' to visualize TCGA expression data and 'TargetScanHuman' for miRNA targets have been included in the database. CONCLUSION The information for multiple organisms and EpiDrugs on a common platform will accelerate the understanding and future development of drugs. Overall, HISTome2 has significantly increased the extent and diversity of its content which will serve as a 'knowledge Infobase' for biologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians. HISTome2: The HISTone Infobase is freely available on http://www.actrec.gov.in/histome2/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket G. Shah
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
| | - Tushar Mandloi
- Bioinformatics Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
| | - Pooja Kunte
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
- Present Address: Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra 411 011 India
| | - Abhiram Natu
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
| | - Mudasir Rashid
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
| | - Divya Reddy
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
- Present Address: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Bioinformatics Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
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32
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Tiwari R, Manzar N, Ateeq B. Dynamics of Cellular Plasticity in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:130. [PMID: 32754615 PMCID: PMC7365877 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current advances in the treatment for prostate cancer, the patients often develop resistance to the conventional therapeutic interventions. Therapy-induced drug resistance and tumor progression have been associated with cellular plasticity acquired due to reprogramming at the molecular and phenotypic levels. The plasticity of the tumor cells is mainly governed by two factors: cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic. The cell-intrinsic factors involve alteration in the genetic or epigenetic regulators, while cell-extrinsic factors include microenvironmental cues and drug-induced selective pressure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness are two important hallmarks that dictate cellular plasticity in multiple cancer types including prostate. Emerging evidence has also pinpointed the role of tumor cell plasticity in driving anti-androgen induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a lethal and therapy-resistant subtype. In this review, we discuss the role of cellular plasticity manifested due to genetic, epigenetic alterations and cues from the tumor microenvironment, and their role in driving therapy resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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33
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Liao Y, Xu K. Epigenetic regulation of prostate cancer: the theories and the clinical implications. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:279-290. [PMID: 30084432 PMCID: PMC6498736 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_53_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the main mechanism that controls transcription of specific genes with no changes in the underlying DNA sequences. Epigenetic alterations lead to abnormal gene expression patterns that contribute to carcinogenesis and persist throughout disease progression. Because of the reversible nature, epigenetic modifications emerge as promising anticancer drug targets. Several compounds have been developed to reverse the aberrant activities of enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation, and some of them show encouraging results in both preclinical and clinical studies. In this article, we comprehensively review the up-to-date roles of epigenetics in the development and progression of prostate cancer. We especially focus on three epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. We elaborate on current models/theories that explain the necessity of these epigenetic programs in driving the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells. In particular, we elucidate how certain epigenetic regulators crosstalk with critical biological pathways, such as androgen receptor (AR) signaling, and how the cooperation dynamically controls cancer-oriented transcriptional profiles. Restoration of a "normal" epigenetic landscape holds promise as a cure for prostate cancer, so we concluded by highlighting particular epigenetic modifications as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or new therapeutic targets for treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiji Liao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Harachi M, Masui K, Honda H, Muragaki Y, Kawamata T, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Dual Regulation of Histone Methylation by mTOR Complexes Controls Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Growth via EZH2 and SAM. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1142-1152. [PMID: 32366675 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation known for DNA methylation and histone modification is critical for securing proper gene expression and chromosomal function, and its aberration induces various pathologic conditions including cancer. Trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is known to suppress various genes related to cancer cell survival and the level of H3K27me3 may have an influence on tumor progression and malignancy. However, it remains unclear how histone methylation is regulated in response to genetic mutation and microenvironmental cues to facilitate the cancer cell survival. Here, we report a novel mechanism of the specific regulation of H3K27me3 by cooperatively two mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 in human glioblastoma (GBM). Integrated analyses revealed that mTORC1 upregulates the protein expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2, a main component of polycomb repressive complex 2 which is known as H3K27-specific methyltransferase. The other mTOR complex, mTORC2, regulates production of S-adenosylmethionine, an essential substrate for histone methylation. This cooperative regulation causes H3K27 hypermethylation which subsequently promotes tumor cell survival both in vitro and in vivo xenografted mouse tumor model. These results indicate that activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes cooperatively contribute to tumor progression through specific epigenetic regulation, nominating them as an exploitable therapeutic target against cancer. IMPLICATIONS: A dynamic regulation of histone methylation by mTOR complexes promotes tumor growth in human GBM, but at the same time could be exploitable as a novel therapeutic target against this deadly tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Harachi
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Masui
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Mestanova V, Franekova M, Kassayova M, Bojkova B, Uramova S, Zubor P, Janikova K, Danko J, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P. Fluctuations of Histone Chemical Modifications in Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer: An Implication of Phytochemicals as Defenders of Chromatin Equilibrium. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E829. [PMID: 31817446 PMCID: PMC6995638 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural substances of plant origin exert health beneficiary efficacy due to the content of various phytochemicals. Significant anticancer abilities of natural compounds are mediated via various processes such as regulation of a cell's epigenome. The potential antineoplastic activity of plant natural substances mediated by their action on posttranslational histone modifications (PHMs) is currently a highly evaluated area of cancer research. PHMs play an important role in maintaining chromatin structure and regulating gene expression. Aberrations in PHMs are directly linked to the process of carcinogenesis in cancer such as breast (BC), prostate (PC), and colorectal (CRC) cancer, common malignant diseases in terms of incidence and mortality among both men and women. This review summarizes the effects of plant phytochemicals (isolated or mixtures) on cancer-associated PHMs (mainly modulation of acetylation and methylation) resulting in alterations of chromatin structure that are related to the regulation of transcription activity of specific oncogenes, which are crucial in the development of BC, PC, and CRC. Significant effectiveness of natural compounds in the modulation of aberrant PHMs were confirmed by a number of in vitro or in vivo studies in preclinical cancer research. However, evidence concerning PHMs-modulating abilities of plant-based natural substances in clinical trials is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Veronika Mestanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Maria Franekova
- Department of Medical Biology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kassayova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Sona Uramova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Pavol Zubor
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 01026 Zilina, Slovakia;
| | - Katarina Janikova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
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Fatma Karaman E, Caglayan M, Sancar-Bas S, Ozal-Coskun C, Arda-Pirincci P, Ozden S. Global and region-specific post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of bisphenol A in human prostate cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113318. [PMID: 31610501 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), as synthetic monomer used in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, has endocrine disruptor properties and high risk on human health. Epigenetic alterations could act an important role in BPA-induced toxicity, but its mechanism has not been fully understood. We investigated the effects of BPA on gene expression of chromatin modifying enzymes, promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes and histone modifications in human prostate carcinoma cells (PC-3). IC50 value of BPA was determined as 217 and 190 μM in PC-3 cells by MTT and NRU tests, respectively. We revealed an increase in global levels of 5-methylcytocine and 5-hydroxymethylcytocine at 10 μM of BPA for 96 h. We observed a significant increase on promoter DNA methylation and decrease on gene expression of p16 gene while no change was observed for Cyclin D2 and Rassf1. Significant changes were observed in global histone modifications (H3K9ac, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H4K20me3) in PC-3 cells. According to these results, we investigated wide-range epigenetic modifications using PCR arrays. After 96 h BPA exposure, chromatin modifying enzymes including KDM5B and NSD1 were significantly downregulated. Also, promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes including BCR, GSTP1, LOX, MGMT, NEUROG1, PDLIM4, PTGS2, PYCARD, TIMP3, TSC2 and ZMYDN10 altered significantly. ChIP results showed that H3K9ac, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 modifications on p16 gene showed significant increases after 1 and 10 μM of BPA exposure. In conclusion, epigenetic signatures such as DNA methylation and histone modifications could be proposed as molecular biomarkers of BPA-induced prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Caglayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sancar-Bas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Ozal-Coskun
- Section of Biology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Arda-Pirincci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Wu X, Dai L, Zhang Z, Zheng J, Zhao J. Overexpression of microRNA-203 can downregulate survivin and function as a potential therapeutic target in papillary thyroid cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:61-68. [PMID: 31897115 PMCID: PMC6924108 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma. PTC has a considerably high five-year survival rate; however, the possibility of recurrence is also high. Therefore, there is a requirement to clarify the molecular mechanism of PTC to promote understanding regarding the development of the disease and further improve prognosis. A number of studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) contribute to the progression of PTC. The present study revealed that the expression level of miR-203 was significantly lower in PTC tissues and cell lines compared with in the normal controls. In addition, inhibition of miR-203 was identified to be associated with an overexpression of survivin, which was observed in PTC samples. miR-203 regulates the expression of Bcl-2 via its downstream regulator survivin. Furthermore, the present study identified that inhibition of miR-203 histone acetylation was associated with high expression levels of miR-203 in PTC tissue samples. In summary, the results indicate that miR-203 functions as a biomarker and may serve as a candidate target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zhoujing Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Jueru Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Jianpei Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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38
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Lokman NA, Price ZK, Hawkins EK, Macpherson AM, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. 4-Methylumbelliferone Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell Activation and Overcomes Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081187. [PMID: 31443261 PMCID: PMC6721459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the extracellular matrix molecule hyaluronan (HA) plays a role in the development of ovarian cancer chemoresistance. This present study determined if HA production is increased in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancers and if the HA inhibitor 4-methylubelliferone (4-MU) can overcome chemoresistance to the chemotherapeutic drug carboplatin (CBP) and inhibit spheroid formation and the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. We additionally assessed whether 4-MU could inhibit in vivo invasion of chemoresistant primary ovarian cancer cells in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The expression of the HA synthases HAS2 and HAS3 was significantly increased in chemoresistant compared to chemosensitive primary ovarian cancer cells isolated from patient ascites. 4-MU significantly inhibited HA production, cell survival, and spheroid formation of chemoresistant serous ovarian cancer cells. In combination with CBP, 4-MU treatment significantly decreased ovarian cancer cell survival and increased apoptosis of chemoresistant primary cells compared to CBP alone. 4-MU significantly reduced spheroid formation, expression of CSC markers ALDH1A1 and ABCG2 in primary cell spheroid cultures, and ALDH1 immunostaining in patient-derived tissue explant assays following treatment with CBP. Furthermore, 4-MU was very effective at inhibiting in vivo invasion of chemoresistant primary cells in CAM assays. Inhibition of HA is therefore a promising new strategy to overcome chemoresistance and to improve ovarian cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Zoe K Price
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Emily K Hawkins
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anne M Macpherson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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39
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Cao HM, Wan Z, Wu Y, Wang HY, Guan C. Development and internal validation of a novel model and markers to identify the candidates for lymph node metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16534. [PMID: 31348270 PMCID: PMC6708735 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade prostate cancer (PCa) has a poor prognosis, and up to 15% of patients worldwide experience lymph node invasion (LNI). To further improve the prediction lymph node invasion in prostate cancer, we adopted risk scores of the genes expression based on the nomogram in guidelines. METHODS We analyzed clinical data from 320 PCa patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to identify the genes that were significantly associated with LNI in PCa (n = 390). Analyses using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were performed to identify the activated signaling pathways. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for the presence of LNI. RESULTS We found that patients with actual LNI and predicted LNI had the worst survival outcomes. The 7 most significant genes (CTNNAL1, ENSA, MAP6D1, MBD4, PRCC, SF3B2, TREML1) were selected for further analysis. Pathways in the cell cycle, DNA replication, oocyte meiosis, and 9 other pathways were dramatically activated during LNI in PCa. Multivariate analyses identified that the risk score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 for 1% increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.07, P < .001), serum PSA level, clinical stage, primary biopsy Gleason grade (OR = 2.52 for a grade increase, 95% CI: 1.27-5.22, P = .096), and secondary biopsy Gleason grade were independent predictors of LNI. A nomogram built using these predictive variables showed good calibration and a net clinical benefit, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 90.2%. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice, the application of our nomogram might contribute significantly to the selection of patients who are good candidates for surgery with extended pelvic lymph node dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliation Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui
| | - Zi Wan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliation Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliation Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliation Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Guan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliation Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui
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40
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Sharma U, Ram S, Singh SK, Kakkar N, Kaushal K, Prasad R. Reduction in H3K4me patterns due to aberrant expression of methyltransferases and demethylases in renal cell carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8189. [PMID: 31160694 PMCID: PMC6546756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the leading cause among cancer-related deaths due to urological cancers, which results in response to combination of genetic and epigenetic factors. Histone methylations have been implicated in renal tumorigenesis but their clinical significance and underlying pathology are unexplored. Here, we elucidated the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation patterns in clear cell RCC and its underlying pathology. Lower cellular levels of H3K4 mono-methylation, -dimethylation and -tri-methylation were fraternized with higher TNM staging and Fuhrman grading as well as tumor metastasis. Further, the expression profile of 20 H3K4 modifiers revealed the significant over-expression of histone demethylases compared to methyltransferases, indicating their role in the reduction of H3K4 methylation levels. In view of above facts, the role of LSD2 and KDM5A demethylases in RCC pathogenesis were explored using respective siRNAs. The RCC cells exhibited reduced cell viability after knockdown of LSD2 and KDM5A genes with concomitant induction of apoptosis. In addition, propidium iodide staining demonstrated an arrest of RCC cells at S-phase and sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these observations provide new pathological insights behind the alterations of H3K4 methylation patterns in ccRCC with their prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niti Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandita Kakkar
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karanvir Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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41
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Wilson RL, François M, Jankovic-Karasoulos T, McAninch D, McCullough D, Leifert WR, Roberts CT, Bianco-Miotto T. Characterization of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human placenta cell types across gestation. Epigenetics 2019; 14:660-671. [PMID: 31038385 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1609866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is an important organ in pregnancy, however, very little is understood about placental development at a molecular level. This includes the role of epigenetic mechanisms and how they change throughout gestation. DNA methylation studies in this organ are complicated by the different cell types that make up the placenta, each with their own unique transcriptome and epigenome. Placental dysfunction is often associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE). Aberrant DNA methylation in the placenta has been identified in pregnancy complications. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) to localize 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in placenta tissue from first and second trimester as well as uncomplicated term and PE samples. IHC analysis of whole placental tissues showed 5-mC increased across gestation. When cytotrophoblasts (CTB) and syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) were isolated and assessed using IF, both 5-mC and 5-hmC increased in term CTBs compared to first/second-trimester samples. Staining intensity of 5-hmC was higher in first/second trimester STBs compared to CTBs (P = 0.0011). Finally, IHC staining of term tissue from PE and uncomplicated pregnancies revealed higher 5-mC staining intensity in placentas from PE pregnancies (P = 0.028). Our study has shown increased 5-mC and 5-hmC staining intensities across gestation and differed between two trophoblast populations. Differences in DNA methylation profiles between placental cell types may be indicative of different functions and requires further study to elucidate what changes accompany placental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Wilson
- a Center for Fetal and Placental Research , Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Research Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.,c Robinson Research Institute , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Maxime François
- d CSIRO Health and Biosecurity , Future Science Platforms Probing Biosystems , Adelaide , Australia.,e School of Biological Sciences , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos
- b Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.,c Robinson Research Institute , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Dale McAninch
- b Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.,c Robinson Research Institute , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Dylan McCullough
- b Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.,c Robinson Research Institute , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Wayne R Leifert
- d CSIRO Health and Biosecurity , Future Science Platforms Probing Biosystems , Adelaide , Australia.,e School of Biological Sciences , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- b Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.,c Robinson Research Institute , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- c Robinson Research Institute , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.,f School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Nallabelli N, Prasad R. Pathogenic and Therapeutic Role of H3K4 Family of Methylases and Demethylases in Cancers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:123-132. [PMID: 31092985 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications occupy an essential position in the epigenetic landscape of the cell, and their alterations have been linked to cancers. Histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation has emerged as a critical epigenetic cue for the regulation of gene transcription through dynamic modulation by several H3K4 methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (erasers). Any disturbance in the delicate balance of writers and erasers can result in the mis-regulation of H3K4 methylation, which has been demonstrated in several human cancers. Therefore, H3K4 methylation has been recognized as a putative therapeutic or prognostic tool and drug trials of different inhibitors of this process have demonstrated promising results. Henceforth, more detailed knowledge of H3K4 methylation is utmost important for elucidating the complex cellular processes, which might help in improving the disease outcome. The primary focus of this review will be directed on deciphering the role of H3K4 methylation along with its writers/erasers in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niti Kumari
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
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Diagnostic utility of epigenetics in breast cancer - A review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2019; 19:100125. [PMID: 30802811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2019.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are clearly involved in cancer initiation and progression as recent epigenetic studies of genomic DNA, histone modifications and micro-RNA alterations suggest that these are playing an important role in the incidence of breast cancer. Epigenetic information has recently gained the attention of researchers because epigenetic modification of the genome in breast cancer is still an evolving area for researchers. Several active compounds present in foods, poisons, drugs, and industrial chemicals may as a result of epigenetic mechanisms increase or decrease the risk of breast cancer. Epigenetic regulation is critical in normal growth and development and closely conditions the transcriptional potential of genes. Epigenetic mechanisms convey genomic adaption to an environment thereby ultimately contributing towards given phenotype. In addition to the use of epigenetic alterations as a means of screening, epigenetic alterations in a tumor or adjacent tissues or peripheral blood may also help clinicians in determining prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. As we understand specific epigenetic alterations contributing to breast tumorigenesis and prognosis, these discoveries will lead to significant advances for breast cancer treatment, like in therapeutics that target methylation and histone modifications in breast cancer and the newer versions of the drugs are likely to play an important role in future clinical treatment.
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44
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Lokman NA, Ho R, Gunasegaran K, Bonner WM, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. Anti-tumour effects of all-trans retinoid acid on serous ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:10. [PMID: 30621740 PMCID: PMC6325857 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Annexin A2 is increased in serous ovarian cancer and plays an essential role in ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis. In combination with S100A10, annexin A2 plays an important role in the plasminogen activator system regulating plasmin production. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential utility of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA), an inhibitor of the annexin A2-S100A10 signalling pathway, as a new therapeutic against serous ovarian cancer. Methods In this study we determined the effects of ATRA treatment (1-5 μM) on annexin A2 and S100A10 expression, plasmin activation, and the ability of ATRA to inhibit serous ovarian cancer cell survival, motility and invasion in vitro. We also employed an ex vivo tissue explant assay to assess response to ATRA treatment in serous ovarian cancers. Cryopreserved serous ovarian cancer tissues were cultured on gelatin sponges for 72 h with ATRA (1 μM). Effects on apoptosis and proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to cleaved caspase 3 or Ki67, respectively. Results Survival of serous ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3, OV-90, & OAW28) was significantly decreased by ATRA treatment (1-5 μM). ATRA (1 μM) also significantly decreased proliferation (Ki67 positivity, p = 0.0034), S100A10 protein levels (p = 0.0273), and increased cell apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 positivity, p = 0.0024) in serous ovarian cancer tissues using the ex vivo tissue explant assay. In OAW28 cells, reduced cell survival following ATRA treatment was associated with a reduction of S100A10 mRNA and protein levels, S100A10 and annexin A2 membrane localization, plasmin generation, motility and invasion. In contrast, ATRA inhibited OV-90 cell survival and invasion but did not affect plasmin activation or S100A10 and annexin A2 expression or membrane localization. Conclusions These findings suggest that ATRA inhibits serous ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion via both S100A10 dependant and S100A10 independent mechanisms. Our results show that ATRA has promising potential as a novel therapy against serous ovarian cancer that warrants further evaluation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1017-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Rachel Ho
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Kavyadharshini Gunasegaran
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Wendy M Bonner
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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45
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Natesan R, Aras S, Effron SS, Asangani IA. Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:379-407. [PMID: 31900918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to mitotically/meiotically heritable mechanisms that regulate gene transcription without a need for changes in the DNA code. Covalent modifications of DNA, in the form of methylation, and histone post-translational modifications, in the form of acetylation and methylation, constitute the epigenetic code of a cell. Both DNA and histone modifications are highly dynamic and often work in unison to define the epigenetic state of a cell. Most epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene transcription by affecting localized/genome-wide transitions between heterochromatin and euchromatin states, thereby altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery and in turn, reduce/increase transcriptional output. Altered chromatin structure is associated with cancer progression, and epigenetic plasticity primarily governs the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this chapter, we specifically focus on regulators of histone methylation and acetylation, the two well-studied chromatin post-translational modifications, in the context of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shweta Aras
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Sander Effron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Lymphoma. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24424-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aytes A, Giacobbe A, Mitrofanova A, Ruggero K, Cyrta J, Arriaga J, Palomero L, Farran-Matas S, Rubin MA, Shen MM, Califano A, Abate-Shen C. NSD2 is a conserved driver of metastatic prostate cancer progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5201. [PMID: 30518758 PMCID: PMC6281610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering cell-intrinsic mechanisms of metastasis progression in vivo is essential to identify novel therapeutic approaches. Here we elucidate cell-intrinsic drivers of metastatic prostate cancer progression through analyses of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) and correlative studies of human prostate cancer. Expression profiling of lineage-marked cells from mouse primary tumors and metastases defines a signature of de novo metastatic progression. Cross-species master regulator analyses comparing this mouse signature with a comparable human signature identifies conserved drivers of metastatic progression with demonstrable clinical and functional relevance. In particular, nuclear receptor binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2) is robustly expressed in lethal prostate cancer in humans, while its silencing inhibits metastasis of mouse allografts in vivo. We propose that cross-species analysis can elucidate mechanisms of metastasis progression, thus providing potential additional therapeutic opportunities for treatment of lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Aytes
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Katia Ruggero
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna Cyrta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Juan Arriaga
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Luis Palomero
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Farran-Matas
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Zhang AY, Chiam K, Haupt Y, Fox S, Birch S, Tilley W, Butler LM, Knudsen K, Comstock C, Rasiah K, Grogan J, Mahon KL, Bianco-Miotto T, Ricciardelli C, Böhm M, Henshall S, Delprado W, Stricker P, Horvath LG, Kench JG. An analysis of a multiple biomarker panel to better predict prostate cancer metastasis after radical prostatectomy. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1151-1159. [PMID: 30288742 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of individual candidate biomarkers for predicting biochemical relapse in localized prostate cancer (PCa) have been proposed. Combined biomarkers may improve prognostication, and ensuring validation against more clinically relevant endpoints are required. The Australian PCa Research Centre NSW has contributed to numerous studies of molecular biomarkers associated with biochemical relapse. In the current study, these biomarkers were re-analyzed for biochemical relapse, metastatic relapse and PCa death with extended follow-up. Biomarkers of significance were then used to develop a combined prognostic model for clinical outcomes and validated in a large independent cohort. The discovery cohort (n = 324) was based on 12 biomarkers with a median follow-up of 16 years. Seven biomarkers were significantly associated with biochemical relapse. Three biomarkers were associated with metastases: AZGP1, Ki67 and PML. Only AZGP1 was associated with PCa death. In their individual and combinational forms, AZGP1 and Ki67 as a dual BM signature was the most robust predictor of metastatic relapse (AUC 0.762). The AZPG1 and Ki67 signature was validated in an independent cohort of 347 PCa patients. The dual BM signature of AZGP1 and Ki67 predicted metastasis in the univariable (HR 7.2, 95% CI, 1.6-32; p = 0.01) and multivariable analysis (HR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.2-25; p = 0.03). The dual biomarker signature marginally improved risk prediction compared to AZGP1 alone (AUC 0.758 versus 0.738, p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that biochemical relapse is not an adequate surrogate for metastasis or PCa death. The dual biomarker signature of AZGP1 and Ki67 offers a small benefit in predicting metastasis over AZGP1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Y Zhang
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Chiam
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Woolloomooloo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Birch
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Freemason's Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Freemason's Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karen Knudsen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, US
| | - Clay Comstock
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, US
| | | | - Judith Grogan
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate L Mahon
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maret Böhm
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Henshall
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Warick Delprado
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Stricker
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Department of Urology, St Vincent's Clinic, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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49
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Rai A, Singh SK, Kakkar N, Prasad R. Expression and clinical significance of COMPASS family of histone methyltransferases in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Gene 2018; 674:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Srivatsan A, Li BZ, Szakal B, Branzei D, Putnam CD, Kolodner RD. The Swr1 chromatin-remodeling complex prevents genome instability induced by replication fork progression defects. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3680. [PMID: 30206225 PMCID: PMC6134005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability is associated with tumorigenesis. Here, we identify a role for the histone Htz1, which is deposited by the Swr1 chromatin-remodeling complex (SWR-C), in preventing genome instability in the absence of the replication fork/replication checkpoint proteins Mrc1, Csm3, or Tof1. When combined with deletion of SWR1 or HTZ1, deletion of MRC1, CSM3, or TOF1 or a replication-defective mrc1 mutation causes synergistic increases in gross chromosomal rearrangement (GCR) rates, accumulation of a broad spectrum of GCRs, and hypersensitivity to replication stress. The double mutants have severe replication defects and accumulate aberrant replication intermediates. None of the individual mutations cause large increases in GCR rates; however, defects in MRC1, CSM3 or TOF1 cause activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and replication defects. We propose a model in which Htz1 deposition and retention in chromatin prevents transiently stalled replication forks that occur in mrc1, tof1, or csm3 mutants from being converted to DNA double-strand breaks that trigger genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Srivatsan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA
| | - Bin-Zhong Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA
| | - Barnabas Szakal
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Dana Branzei
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christopher D Putnam
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA.,Departments of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA
| | - Richard D Kolodner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA. .,Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA. .,Moores-UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA. .,Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0669, USA.
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