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Thakore VP, Patel KD, Vora HH, Patel PS, Jain NK. Up-regulation of extracellular-matrix and inflammation related genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105925. [PMID: 38442470 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy with late-presentation, site-specific heterogeneity, and high-propensity for recurrence/metastasis that has shown rise in mortality. Lately, research emphasize on dynamic interactions between tumor-cells and extracellular-matrix components within tumor-microenvironment that promote tissue integrity loss and carcinogenesis. Therefore, OSCC clinical-management is still challenging. DESIGN Present study validated clinical utility of a 13 gene-panel in two chief sub-sites of OSCC: Buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) (N = 50) and Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) (N = 52) using qRT-PCR. Principal component analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to acquire definite multi gene models. Protein expression analysis was employed using the Human Protein Atlas, UALCAN and TIMER 2.0 databases to explore potential correlation between immune cells and gene-panels. RESULTS Significant up-regulation of CXCL8, CXCL10, FN1, GBP1, IFIT3, ISG15, MMP1, MMP3, MMP10, PLAU, SERPINE1 and SPP1 except OASL was observed in OSCC tissue in comparison of absolute normal controls. Although, this gene-panel could potentially discriminate OSCC tissues from absolute normal controls as solitarily diagnostic and/or predictive biomarkers, models generated also showed substantial discriminating efficacy. Eight-genes were found to be significantly associated with poor-prognosis on clinico-pathological association. Protein-expression confirmed overexpression of gene-panel and added advantage of being secretory-protein. Importantly, up-regulated genes in our study showed significant relation with immune-cells infiltration suggesting their contribution in immune-escape. CONCLUSION Thus, we propose that the 13 gene-panel could pave the way to effective and personalized clinical-management of OSCC in terms of diagnostic and prognostic measures and thereby as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi P Thakore
- Life Science Department, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinjal D Patel
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemangini H Vora
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Life Science Department, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
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Barros O, D'Agostino VG, Lara Santos L, Vitorino R, Ferreira R. Shaping the future of oral cancer diagnosis: advances in salivary proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:149-168. [PMID: 38626289 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2343585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saliva has gained increasing attention in the quest for disease biomarkers. Because it is a biological fluid that can be collected is an easy, painless, and safe way, it has been increasingly studied for the identification of oral cancer biomarkers. This is particularly important because oral cancer is often diagnosed at late stages with a poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED The review addresses the evolution of the experimental approaches used in salivary proteomics studies of oral cancer over the years and outlines advantages and pitfalls related to each one. In addition, examines the current landscape of oral cancer biomarker discovery and translation focusing on salivary proteomic studies. This discussion is based on an extensive literature search (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar). EXPERT OPINION The introduction of mass spectrometry has revolutionized the study of salivary proteomics. In the future, the focus will be on refining existing methods and introducing powerful experimental techniques such as mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring, which, despite their effectiveness, are still underutilized due to their high cost. In addition, conducting studies with larger cohorts and establishing standardized protocols for salivary proteomics are key challenges that need to be addressed in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Barros
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vito G D'Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lucio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Chu LJ, Chang YT, Chien CY, Chung HC, Wu SF, Chen CJ, Liu YC, Liao WC, Chen CH, Chiang WF, Chang KP, Wang JS, Yu JS. Clinical validation of a saliva-based matrix metalloproteinase-1 rapid strip test for detection of oral cavity cancer. Biomed J 2024; 47:100594. [PMID: 37044249 PMCID: PMC10821597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as one of the most promising salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and developed a sensitive ELISA for MMP-1 with good performance in detection of OSCC using a cohort of 1160 saliva samples. METHODS A time-saving rapid strip test (RST) for MMP-1 was developed in this study and its diagnostic performance compared with ELISA using saliva samples from a new cohort of 603 subjects (171 healthy controls, 236 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders, and 196 OSCC patients). RESULTS Salivary MMP-1 levels measured using RST and ELISA were highly comparable and both assays could effectively distinguish between OSCC and non-cancerous groups. Similar to ELISA, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the MMP-1 RST was effective in identifying patients with OSCC at different oral cavity sites and stages. CONCLUSIONS Salivary MMP-1 can be sensitively detected using both RST and ELISA methods. Our newly developed point-of-care MMP-1 RST is a promising in vitro diagnostic device (IVD) that may serve as a novel auxiliary tool in the routine clinical detection and monitoring of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sheng Wang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, Zhubei City, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Menditti D, Santagata M, Imola G, Staglianò S, Vitagliano R, Boschetti CE, Inchingolo AM. Personalized Medicine in Oral Oncology: Imaging Methods and Biological Markers to Support Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Narrative Literature Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1397. [PMID: 37763165 PMCID: PMC10532745 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most prevalent and mortal cancers worldwide. The gold standard for OSCC diagnosis is still histopathology but this narrative multidisciplinary review has the aim to explore the literature about conventional OSCC prognostic indicators related to the pTNM stage at the diagnosis such as the depth of invasion and the lymphovascular invasion associated with distant metastasis as indicators of poor life expectancy. Despite its multifactorial nature and recognizable precursors, its diagnosis at the early stages is still challenging. We wanted to highlight the importance of the screening as a primary weapon that a stomatologist should consider, intercepting all at-risk conditions and lesions associated with OSCC and its early stages. This narrative review also overviews the most promising imaging techniques, such as CT, MRI, and US-echography, and their application related to clinical and surgical practice, but also the most-investigated prognostic and diagnostic tissue and salivary biomarkers helpful in OSCC diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Our work highlighted remarkable potential biomarkers that could have a leading role in the future. However, we are still far from defining an appropriate and concrete protocol to apply in clinical practice. The hope is that the present and future research will overcome these limitations to benefit patients, clinicians, and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Menditti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Gianmaria Imola
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Samuel Staglianò
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Rita Vitagliano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Ciro Emiliano Boschetti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
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Son GY, Tu NH, Santi MD, Lopez SL, Souza Bomfim GH, Vinu M, Zhou F, Chaloemtoem A, Alhariri R, Idaghdour Y, Khanna R, Ye Y, Lacruz RS. The Ca 2+ channel ORAI1 is a regulator of oral cancer growth and nociceptive pain. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf9535. [PMID: 37669398 PMCID: PMC10747475 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf9535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer causes pain associated with cancer progression. We report here that the function of the Ca2+ channel ORAI1 is an important regulator of oral cancer pain. ORAI1 was highly expressed in tumor samples from patients with oral cancer, and ORAI1 activation caused sustained Ca2+ influx in human oral cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis showed that ORAI1 regulated many genes encoding oral cancer markers such as metalloproteases (MMPs) and pain modulators. Compared with control cells, oral cancer cells lacking ORAI1 formed smaller tumors that elicited decreased allodynia when inoculated into mouse paws. Exposure of trigeminal ganglia neurons to MMP1 evoked an increase in action potentials. These data demonstrate an important role of ORAI1 in oral cancer progression and pain, potentially by controlling MMP1 abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Nguyen Huu Tu
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Maria Daniela Santi
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Santiago Loya Lopez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | | | - Manikandan Vinu
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10010
| | - Ariya Chaloemtoem
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rama Alhariri
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Yi Ye
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- New York University Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
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Sun J, Wang X, Ding Y, Xiao B, Wang X, Ali MM, Ma L, Xie Z, Gu Z, Chen G, Tao WA. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of salivary extracellular vesicles to assess OSCC therapeutical outcomes. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200319. [PMID: 36573687 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an appealing source for surrogates to evaluate the disease status. Herein, we present a novel proteomic strategy to identify proteins and phosphoproteins from salivary EVs to distinguish oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients from healthy individuals and explore the feasibility to evaluate therapeutical outcomes. Bi-functionalized magnetic beads (BiMBs) with Ti (IV) ions and a lipid analog, 1,2-Distearoyl-3-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine (DSPE) are developed to efficiently isolate EVs from small volume of saliva. In the discovery stage, label-free proteomics and phosphoproteomics quantification showed 315 upregulated proteins and 132 upregulated phosphoproteins in OSCC patients among more than 2500 EV proteins and 1000 EV phosphoproteins, respectively. We further applied targeted proteomics by coupling parallel reaction monitoring with parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (prm-PASEF) to measure panels of proteins and phosphoproteins from salivary EVs collected before and after surgical resection. A panel of three total proteins and three phosphoproteins, most of which have previously been associated with OSCC and other cancer types, show sensitive response to the therapy in individual patients. Our study presents a novel strategy to the discovery of effective biomarkers for non-invasive assessment of OSCC surgical outcomes with small amount of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaole Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bolin Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Mujahid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Chitturi Suryaprakash RT, Shearston K, Farah CS, Fox SA, Iqbal MM, Kadolsky U, Zhong X, Saxena A, Kujan O. A Novel Preclinical In Vitro 3D Model of Oral Carcinogenesis for Biomarker Discovery and Drug Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044096. [PMID: 36835505 PMCID: PMC9967961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of oral carcinogenesis for the rapid, scalable testing of chemotherapeutic agents. Spheroids of normal (HOK) and dysplastic (DOK) human oral keratinocytes were cultured and treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). A 3D invasion assay using Matrigel was performed to validate the model. RNA was extracted and subjected to transcriptomic analysis to validate the model and assess carcinogen-induced changes. The VEGF inhibitors pazopanib and lenvatinib were tested in the model and were validated by a 3D invasion assay, which demonstrated that changes induced by the carcinogen in spheroids were consistent with a malignant phenotype. Further validation was obtained by bioinformatic analyses, which showed the enrichment of pathways associated with hallmarks of cancer and VEGF signalling. Overexpression of common genes associated with tobacco-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), such as MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, YAP1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1, was also observed. Pazopanib and lenvatinib inhibited the invasion of transformed spheroids. In summary, we successfully established a 3D spheroid model of oral carcinogenesis for biomarker discovery and drug testing. This model is a validated preclinical model for OSCC development and would be suitable for testing a range of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Simon A. Fox
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Muhammad Munir Iqbal
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kadolsky
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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li M, Yan T, Cai Y, Wei Y, Xie Q. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their association with clinical characteristics of solid tumors. Gene X 2023; 850:146927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Aleman J, Young CD, Karam SD, Wang XJ. Revisiting laminin and extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: What have we learned after more than four decades of research? Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:5-23. [PMID: 35596706 PMCID: PMC9676410 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Just over 40 years ago, the fibrous ECM glycoprotein laminin was identified. Roughly four decades of research have revealed a pivotal role of laminins in metastasis. However, trends in ECM alterations in some cancers have been applied broadly to all metastatic diseases, despite evidence that these characteristics vary by tumor type. We will summarize how laminins influence the SCC metastatic process exclusively. Enhanced laminin protein deposition occurs at the invasive edge of SCC tumors, which correlates with elevated levels of laminin-binding β1 integrins on SCC cells, increased MMP-3 presence, worse prognosis, and lymphatic dissemination. Although these findings are significant, gaps in knowledge of the formation of a premetastatic niche, the processes of intra- and extravasation, and the contributions of the ECM to SCC metastatic cell dormancy persist. Bridging these gaps requires novel in vitro systems and animal models that reproduce tumor-stromal interactions and spontaneous metastasis seen in the clinic. These advances will allow accurate assessment of laminins to predict responders to transforming growth factor-β inhibitors and immunotherapy, as well as potential combinatorial therapies with the standard of care. Such clinical interventions may drastically improve quality of life and patient survival by explicitly targeting SCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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10
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Monea M, Pop AM. The Use of Salivary Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases as an Adjuvant Method in the Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Literature Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6306-6322. [PMID: 36547091 PMCID: PMC9776994 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with increased mortality, in which the early diagnosis is the most important step in increasing patients' survival rate. Extensive research has evaluated the role of saliva as a source of diagnostic biomarkers, among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have shown a valuable potential for detecting even early stages of OSCC. The aim of this review was to present recent clinical data regarding the significance of salivary MMPs in the detection of early malignant transformation of the oral mucosa. A narrative review was conducted on articles published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO and SciELO databases, using specific terms. Our search revealed that MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12 and MMP-13 had significantly higher levels in saliva from patients with OSCC compared to controls. However, the strength of evidence is limited, as most information regarding their use as adjuvant diagnostic tools for OSCC comes from studies with a low number of participants, variable methodologies for saliva sampling and diagnostic assays, and insufficient adjustment for all covariates. MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were considered the most promising candidates for salivary diagnosis of OSCC, but larger studies are needed in order to validate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Monea
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Maria Pop
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Tseng YJ, Wang YC, Hsueh PC, Wu CC. Development and validation of machine learning-based risk prediction models of oral squamous cell carcinoma using salivary autoantibody biomarkers. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:534. [PMID: 36424594 PMCID: PMC9685866 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) continues to rise. OSCC is associated with a low average survival rate, and most patients have a poor disease prognosis because of delayed diagnosis. We used machine learning techniques to predict high-risk cases of OSCC by using salivary autoantibody levels and demographic and behavioral data. METHODS We collected the salivary samples of patients recruited from a teaching hospital between September 2008 and December 2012. Ten salivary autoantibodies, sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing were used to build prediction models for identifying patients with a high risk of OSCC. The machine learning algorithms applied in the study were logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine with the radial basis function kernel, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and a stacking model. We evaluated the performance of the models by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), with simulations conducted 100 times. RESULTS A total of 337 participants were enrolled in this study. The best predictive model was constructed using a stacking algorithm with original forms of age and logarithmic levels of autoantibodies (AUC = 0.795 ± 0.055). Adding autoantibody levels as a data source significantly improved the prediction capability (from 0.698 ± 0.06 to 0.795 ± 0.055, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We successfully established a prediction model for high-risk cases of OSCC. This model can be applied clinically through an online calculator to provide additional personalized information for OSCC diagnosis, thereby reducing the disease morbidity and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Tseng
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsueh
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 33302 Taiwan ,grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040037. [PMID: 36412636 PMCID: PMC9680331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer. Aimed to elucidate the potential identification of specific biomarkers of OSCC, the use of saliva is convenient and noninvasive. Many studies reported more than a hundred putative saliva biomarkers for OSCC, and proteogenomic approaches were fundamental to disclosing this issue. METHODS Relevant literature published in the last few years was systematically searched on PubMed and we focused on articles about the use and study of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of head and neck cancer (n = 110). Thereafter, we performed a selection focusing on diagnosis with salivary proteomics in OSCC (n = 8). RESULTS Saliva proteomics can be a source of biomarkers for OSCC. We reviewed literature of biomarker proteins in saliva that could also be evaluated as probable targets for non-invasive screening of oral neoplasm such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and acute-phase response proteins. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of salivary biomarkers is a highly hopeful technique for the diagnosis of OSCC. Proteogenomic approaches could permit an accurate and early diagnosis of OSCC. This review seeks to generate an up-to-date view on translational OSCC issues by raising awareness of researchers, physicians, and surgeons. Renewed clinical studies, which will validate the sensitivity and specificity of salivary biomarkers, are necessary to translate these results into possible strategies for early diagnosis of OSCC, thus improving patient outcomes.
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13
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Yigider AP, Yigit O. Biomarkers in Otorhinolaryngology. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of otorhinolaryngologic diseases with higher insult over a
person’s him/herself and overall health services are summarized in brief. In order to
define, diagnose, treat and monitor any disease markers are needed.
Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) is interested in special disease entities of the region
besides otorhinolaryngologic involvements of the systemic diseases and unique forms
of pathologies such as cholesteatoma, Meniere’s disease and otosclerosis. Neoplasia is
another heading to deal with. In the following chapter, one will find an overview of
molecules that have been used as a biomarker as well as the end points of the present
research on the issue relevant with ORL. Day by day, new molecules are being named
however, the pathways of action are rather the same. Readers will find the headings
related to the most common diseases of the field, informing them about where to look
for defining new strategies of understanding of each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Pelin Yigider
- Istanbul Research and Training Hospital Otorhinolaryngology,Istanbul Research and Training Hospital Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Ozgur Yigit
- Istanbul Research and Training Hospital Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yen WC, Chang IYF, Chang K, Ouyang C, Liu CR, Tsai TL, Zhang YC, Wang CI, Wang YH, Yu AL, Liu H, Wu CC, Chang YS, Yu JS, Yang CY. Genomic and Molecular Signatures of Successful Patient-Derived Xenografts for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:792297. [PMID: 35444950 PMCID: PMC9013835 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.792297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with high recurrence and poor prognosis in the advanced stage. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) serve as powerful preclinical platforms for drug testing and precision medicine for cancer therapy. We assess which molecular signatures affect tumor engraftment ability and tumor growth rate in OSCC PDXs.MethodsTreatment-naïve OSCC primary tumors were collected for PDX models establishment. Comprehensive genomic analysis, including whole-exome sequencing and RNA-seq, was performed on case-matched tumors and PDXs. Regulatory genes/pathways were analyzed to clarify which molecular signatures affect tumor engraftment ability and the tumor growth rate in OSCC PDXs.ResultsPerineural invasion was found as an important pathological feature related to engraftment ability. Tumor microenvironment with enriched hypoxia, PI3K-Akt, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways and decreased inflammatory responses had high engraftment ability and tumor growth rates in OSCC PDXs. High matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) expression was found that have a great graft advantage in xenografts and is associated with pooled disease-free survival in cancer patients.ConclusionThis study provides a panel with detailed genomic characteristics of OSCC PDXs, enabling preclinical studies on personalized therapy options for oral cancer. MMP1 could serve as a biomarker for predicting successful xenografts in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Yen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ian Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai‐Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Nan Ouyang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Rou Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Zhang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hsuan Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Yu Yang,
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15
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Zhao Y, Huang J, Chen J. The integration of differentially expressed genes based on multiple microarray datasets for prediction of the prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3309-3321. [PMID: 34224327 PMCID: PMC8806768 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1947076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common human malignancy. However, its pathogenesis and prognostic information are poorly elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to probe the most significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their prognostic performance in OSCC. Multiple microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were aggregated to identify DEGs between OSCC tissue and control tissue. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox model was constructed to determine the prognostic performance of the aggregated DEGs based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OSCC cohort. Ten datasets with 341 OSCC samples and 283 control samples were included. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that the integrated DEGs were enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway, viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, and amoebiasis, among others. Our LASSO Cox model was able to discriminate two groups with different overall survival in the training cohort and test cohort (p < 0.001). The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values at one year, three years, and five years were 0.831, 0.898, and 0.887, respectively. In the testing cohort, the time-dependent ROC curve showed that the AUC values at one year, three years, and five years were 0.696, 0.693, and 0.860, respectively. Our study showed that the integrated DEGs of OSCC might be applicable in the evaluation of prognosis in OSCC. However, further research should be performed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuan Zhao
- Stomatological School of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhi Chen
- Stomatological School of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Zhang X, Yang M, Liu Y, Liu H, Yang J, Luo J, Zhou H. A novel 4-gene signature model simultaneously predicting malignant risk of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105203. [PMID: 34252587 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often diagnosed at late stage with a poor prognosis. The study hereunder aimed to construct a multi-gene model to simultaneously promote early diagnosis of OSCC by evaluating malignant risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and predict prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 GEO datasets including OPMDs and OSCC samples were obtained for overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) being screened. The predictive model was built with optimal DEGs by SVM algorithm, estimated by receiver operator characteristic curves and validated for double prediction via oral cancer-free survival (for malignant risk of OPMDs) and overall survival time (for OSCC) analysis respectively compared to other models. The protein expression of biomarkers in the model was validated in human samples by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A novel predictive model of 4-gene signature was built based on 12 common DEGs revealed from 3 GEO datasets. It could well distinguish OSCC from OPMDs and normal tissues. Both oral cancer-free survival and overall survival time analysis were significantly poorer in high-risk patients than in low-risk ones in Kaplan Meier survival curve respectively. The protein expression of biomarkers in OSCC was with significant difference compared to normal and OPMDs. CONCLUSIONS The novel 4-gene signature model presents strong ability in simultaneous prediction of the malignant risk of OPMDs and OSCC progression, potentially benefiting both the early diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital/The Second Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Freelance Computer Engineer, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Overexpression of miRNA-9 enhances galectin-3 levels in oral cavity cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3979-3989. [PMID: 34021445 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is the predominant subtype of head and neck cancer (HNC) and has up to 50% mortality. Genome-wide microRNA (miR) sequencing data indicates overexpression of miR-9-5p in HNC tumours, however, the biological role of miR-9-5p in OCC is complex; it can either act as a tumour suppressor or an oncomir, regulating many target genes at the post-transcriptional level. We have investigated the overexpression of miR-9-5p in three OCC cell lines. We have evaluated its expression levels and Galectin-3 as potential biomarkers in saliva samples collected from controls and OCC patients. We found that over expression of miR-9-5p in OCC cell lines resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation and migration, and an increase in apoptosis, which was paralleled by an increase in Galectin-3 secretion and export of Galectin-3 protein. Our data are consistent with miR-9-5p being a modulator of Galectin-3 via the AKT/γ-catenin pathway. In addition, the positive correlation between the levels of miR-9-5p expression and secreted Galectin-3 in saliva reflects a similar relationship in vivo, and supports the utility of their integrative evaluation in OCC. Our findings indicate that both miR-9-5p and Galectin-3 are critical biomolecules in the progression of OCC.
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18
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Integrated analysis and identification of nine-gene signature associated to oral squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:215. [PMID: 33928003 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading cancers with poor disease survival rate. Herein, we explored molecular basis, in silico identification and in vitro verification of genes associated with OSCC. Five gene expression series including, GSE30784, GSE13601, GSE9844, GSE23558 and GSE37991 were screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched by cluster Profiler. Further, protein-protein interaction network was analysed and hub genes were verified. A total of 6476 (up-regulated: 2848; down-regulated: 3628) DEGs were identified among OSCC patients and healthy controls. Gene Ontology analysis indicated DEGs enrichment in cellular motility, invasion and adhesion processes. KEGG analysis revealed enrichment of PI3K-Akt signalling, focal adhesion and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. Subsequently, nine DEGs including APP, EHMT1, ACACB, PCNA, PLAU, FST, HMGA2, LAMC2 and SPP1 were correlated with TCGA expression data along with significant association towards patient's survival, recognized as hub genes. This dysregulated mRNA signature of genes was validated in two OSCC cell lines with an anti-cancer agent, fisetin. Fisetin inhibited the expression of APP, EHMT1, PCNA, PLAU, FST, HMGA2, LAMC2, SPP1 and upregulated the expression of ACACB gene which were associated with growth inhibition of both the OSCC cell lines. The regulatory effect of fisetin supported crucial role of nine hub genes identified in OSCC. This study signified that hub genes and pathways might influence the aggressiveness of OSCC. Thus, the proposed hub genes could be potential diagnostic biomarker and drug targets for OSCC. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02737-4.
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Adeoye J, Wan CCJ, Thomson P. Mock clinical testing in the validation of fluid-phase biomarkers for head and neck carcinoma diagnosis: Scoping review. Head Neck 2020; 43:691-704. [PMID: 33151603 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review sought to determine the range and nature of prospective-sampling and blinding methods for validating nonviral biofluid markers diagnostic of head and neck carcinomas. Electronic database searching was conducted to identify studies published in English from January 1, 2009 to August 1, 2020. Sixteen studies from 17 articles published between 2011 and 2020 were included in this review. We found that about 3 out of 100 studies utilized at least one of the mock testing approaches for biomarker validation. Protein, mRNA, and metabolomic markers also represented the only groups whose validation has been attempted using these methods. Furthermore, studies that utilized both methods were found to have lower bias concerns on the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Overall, there is a need to include these protocols in research endeavours verifying diagnostic biomarkers for head and neck carcinomas following the preliminary establishment of their classification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Ching Joan Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Salivary Biochemical Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100818. [PMID: 33066436 PMCID: PMC7602212 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of biochemical saliva markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. The group of patients included 68 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, 50 with non-cancerous diseases of the oral cavity, and 114 healthy volunteers. Before the start of treatment, 23 biochemical parameters of saliva were determined. Participants were monitored for six years to assess survival rates. The statistical analysis was performed by means of Statistica 10.0 and R package. A complex of metabolic changes occurring in saliva in oral cancer is described. It was shown that none of the studied parameters could be used to diagnose oral cancer in an independent variant; the use of combinations of parameters is more informative. The high prognostic value of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the Na/K-ratio in saliva before treatment was established. Thus, the content of MDA ˂ 7.34 nmol/mL and the Na/K-ratio > 1.09 c.u. is a prognostically unfavorable factor (HR = 7.88, 95% CI 1.10-54.62, p = 0.01876), which may be useful for optimizing the treatment of patients with oral cancer. It has been shown that saliva has great potential for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests for oral cancer.
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Tierney C, Bazou D, Lê G, Dowling P, O'Gorman P. Saliva-omics in plasma cell disorders- Proof of concept and potential as a non-invasive tool for monitoring disease burden. J Proteomics 2020; 231:104015. [PMID: 33068749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM), the second most common lymphoid cancer worldwide, is characterised by the uninhibited proliferation of terminally differentiated B-lymphocytes. Leading to The diagnosis typically requires the presence of a monoclonal protein (M protein) and the demonstration of CRAB features (hypercalcemia, renal impairment, anaemia and bone lesions). MM is considered incurable as, due to serial clonal evolution, the vast majority of patients succumb to treatment-refractory disease. MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Uncertain Significance) is the pre-malignant form of MM and, although 93% of MM patients exhibit M protein production associated with MGUS before diagnosis, little is known about the switch from pre-malignant to malignant disease. To explore this disease transition further, LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out to identify potential salivary biomarkers to monitor disease burden. FABP5 was detected in saliva as having a significant increase in abundance when MGUS was compared to symptomatic MM. The levels of FABP5 decreased after treatment indicating correlation with tumour burden. This finding was validated using western blot analysis and ELISA analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: The field of biomarker discovery has focused largely on serum as a biofluid. Saliva is a readily available biofluid that, as a biomarker resource, has been relatively un-explored. The identification of changes in saliva indicating disease progression underlines the utility of saliva as a non-invasive source of informative biomarkers reflecting disease burden and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Tierney
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Hematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giao Lê
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Gorman
- Department of Hematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Salivary Cytokines in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome versus Healthy Children: A Comparative Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092691. [PMID: 32825238 PMCID: PMC7563862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to compare salivary cytokines and total protein between children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and healthy children, and to examine whether saliva parameters can differentiate between steroid sensitivity and resistance and between disease remission and relapse. Methods: Twenty-seven children with nephrotic syndrome were classified according to steroid sensitivity and resistance, and disease remission and relapse. Twenty healthy children served as controls. Whole saliva samples were collected from all the participants. Urine and blood tests done on the same day as the saliva collection were recorded. Salivary total protein was quantified using bicinchoninic acid and IFNγ, IL-4, IL-8, IL-6, and IL1β levels using ELISA. Results: The mean ages of the nephrotic syndrome and control groups were 11.3 ± 2.4 and 9 ± 4.2, respectively. Compared to the control group, for the nephrotic syndrome group, total salivary protein was significantly lower, as were the levels of all the cytokines examined except IFNγ. Statistically significant differences were not found in any of the salivary markers examined between the children with nephrotic syndrome who were treatment sensitive (n = 19) and resistant (n = 8). Protein and IL-8 salivary levels were lower in the active (n = 7) than in the remission (n = 20) group. Conclusions: Salivary parameters distinguished children with nephrotic syndrome in relapse from healthy children. This may be due to decreased salivary protein excretion, which reflects decreased plasma levels, consequent to proteinuria. Accordingly, salivary markers may be developed as a diagnostic or screening tool for NS activity.
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Chang YT, Chu LJ, Liu YC, Chen CJ, Wu SF, Chen CH, Chang IYF, Wang JS, Wu TY, Dash S, Chiang WF, Chiu SF, Gou SB, Chien CY, Chang KP, Yu JS. Verification of Saliva Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 as a Strong Diagnostic Marker of Oral Cavity Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082273. [PMID: 32823758 PMCID: PMC7463746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for >90% of cases of oral cancer, including cancer at the lip and oral cavity and cancer at the oropharynx. Most OSCCs develop from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which consist of heterogeneous lesions with different malignant transformation potentials that make early detection of OSCC a challenge. Using a targeted mass spectrometry-based assay to compare multiple candidate proteins, we previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as one of the most promising salivary OSCC biomarkers. To explore the clinical utility of MMP-1 in OSCC detection, we developed an in-house, sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring MMP-1 content, and tested it on saliva samples from 1160 subjects (313 healthy controls, and 578 OPMD and 269 OSCC patients) collected at two medical centers. Salivary MMP-1 levels measured by our in-house ELISA significantly discriminated OSCC patients from non-cancerous groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that MMP-1 was effective in separating non-cancer groups from patients with OSCCs at the oral cavity. Additionally, salivary MMP-1 levels in oral cavity cancer patients were highly correlated with tumor progression (tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and overall stage). Collectively, our results indicate that salivary MMP-1 is an effective biomarker for OSCC that can be sensitively detected using our newly developed ELISA. The newly developed MMP-1 ELISA may be used as a new adjunctive tool to aid in detecting and monitoring OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
| | - Chih-Jou Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
| | - Chien-Hua Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
| | - Ian Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
| | - Jun-Sheng Wang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, Zhubei City, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Srinivas Dash
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan; (W.-F.C.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-B.G.)
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Chiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan; (W.-F.C.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-B.G.)
| | - Shin-Bin Gou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan; (W.-F.C.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-B.G.)
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (L.J.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (S.-F.W.); (C.-H.C.); (I.Y.-F.C.); (K.-P.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5171); Fax: +886-3-2118891
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Adeoye J, Brennan PA, Thomson P. “Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:711-719. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Peter Thomson
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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An immuno-MALDI mass spectrometry assay for the oral cancer biomarker, matrix metalloproteinase-1, in dried saliva spot samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1100:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Assessment of candidate biomarkers in paired saliva and plasma samples from oral cancer patients by targeted mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2020; 211:103571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Makarov V, Gorlin A. Meta-analysis of gene expression for development and validation of a diagnostic biomarker panel for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 82:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yang B, Dong K, Guo P, Guo P, Jie G, Zhang G, Li T. Identification of Key Biomarkers and Potential Molecular Mechanisms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:40-54. [PMID: 31424263 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the key genes, microRNA (miRNA), and the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at the molecular level through the analysis of bioinformatics, which could provide a theoretical basis for the screening of drug targets. Data of OSCC were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via GEO2R analysis. Next, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed through Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Gene and visualized via Cytoscape, whereas the hub genes were screened out with Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The miRNA, which might regulate hub genes, were screened out with TargetScan and GO and KEGG analysis of miRNA was performed by DNA Intelligent Analysis-miRPath. Survival analyses of DEGs were conducted via the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Finally, the relationships between gene products and tumors were analyzed by Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. A total of 121 differential genes were identified. One hundred thirty-five GO terms and 56 pathways were obtained, which were mainly related to PI3K-Akt signals pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, cellular senescence, and other pathways; 10 genes were identified as hub genes through modules analyses in the PPI network. Finally, a survival analysis of 10 hub genes was conducted, which showed that the low expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, MMP3, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1 and the high expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 resulted in a significantly poor 5-year overall survival rate in patients with OSCC. In this study, the DEGs of OSCC was analyzed, which assists us in a systematic understanding of the pathogenicity underlying occurrence and development of OSCC. The MMP1, MMP3, CXCL1, CXCL9, and CXCL10 genes might be used as potential targets to improve diagnosis and as immunotherapy biomarkers for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Keqin Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyuan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo Jie
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianke Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Choudhry N, Sarmad S, Waheed NUA, Gondal AJ. Estimation of serum matrix metalloproteinases among patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:252-256. [PMID: 30881433 PMCID: PMC6408633 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and in healthy subjects. Methods In this observational study, biopsy diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (n= 38) were recruited from Mayo Hospital, Lahore during 2016 to 2017. Age and gender matched Controls (n= 38) were also included. Venous blood sample of each participant was drawn, serum separated and the levels of matrix metalloproteinases were measured by multiplex ELISA. Results Serum levels of MMP-1, -8, -10, -12 and -13 in OSCC patients showed statistically significant increase as compared to control group (p < 0.01). The MMP-12 predicted the presence of OSCC with highest AUC of 0.836 (95% CI [0.733 to 0.911]) for sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 78.9%, respectively for a cut-off value of 16.13 pg/ml. Conclusions MMP-12 has been found to have significant sensitivity and specificity to qualify as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakhshab Choudhry
- Prof. Dr. Nakhshab Choudhry, PhD. Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Sarmad
- Dr. Sana Sarmad, MPhil. Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Ain Waheed
- Dr. Noor ul Ain Waheed, MPhil. Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Jamal Gondal
- Mr. Aamir Jamal Gondal, MPhil. Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mohajertehran F, Ayatollahi H, Khazaeni K, Shakeri MT, Mohtasham N. Overexpression of High-Mobility Motor Box 1 in the Blood and Tissues of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2018; 30:261-271. [PMID: 30245980 PMCID: PMC6147264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Extra- and intra-cellular high-mobility motor box 1 (HMGB1) proteins are invovled in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancer. Regarding this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the expression of HMGB1 protein and mRNA levels in the blood, tumor tissue, and marginal normal tissue of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed on 88 patients with HNSCC, who referred to the otorhinolaryngology and oral pathology departments, affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, and a group of healthy subjects (i.e., control group) matched in terms of age and gender. RNA was collected from fresh tumor tissues, marginal tissues, and blood, followed by the implementation of quantitative PCR on the specimens. Furthermore, the expression of HMGB1 in tumor and normal margins was evaluated by means of IHC. The data were analyzed in SPSS software. RESULTS According to the results the expression levels of HMGB1 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in the tumor tissue than in the normal margin tissues (P<0.01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between histologic grading and the expression of HMGB1 protein and mRNA in tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve of the HMGB1 mRNA in tissue was located closer to the theoretical 100% sensitivity. CONCLUSION The findings revealed a higher increase in the levels of mRNA and HMGB1 protein in HNSCC, compared to those in the normal margin tissues. In addition, HMGB1 mRNA showed a significant expression in the tissue and blood of the patients with lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Kamran Khazaeni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL DISEASE RESEARCH CENTER, MASHHAD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, MASHHAD, IRAN. E-MEALI:
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Mazzoccoli G, Castellana S, Carella M, Palumbo O, Tiberio C, Fusilli C, Capocefalo D, Biagini T, Mazza T, Lo Muzio L. A primary tumor gene expression signature identifies a crucial role played by tumor stroma myofibroblasts in lymph node involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104913-104927. [PMID: 29285222 PMCID: PMC5739609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral and pharyngeal cancer, and is responsible of approximately 3% of cancers in men and 2% in women in the Western World, with increasing incidence rates in developing countries. Early detection by screening is necessary to prevent fatal disease because early, curable lesions are rarely symptomatic. The overall 5-yr survival rate is approximately 50% when surgery, radiation, or both are employed as treatment options, but lymph node involvement greatly influences this estimate, by decreasing the survival rate by about 50%. Here, we aimed at finding genetic signatures associated with lymph node metastasis in OSCC patients. We addressed this issue by whole transcriptome analysis through microarray expression profiling of a set of OSSC specimens of patients without lymph node involvement (10 patients, mean age ± SD 61.2±13.8, male 7, female 3) and with lymph node involvement (11 patients, mean age ± SD 62.1±15.1, male 8, female 3). We evidenced a gene expression signature associated to muscle contraction-related genes in specimens obtained from OSCC patients with lymph node involvement. This gene signature suggests the presence of myofibroblasts in tumor stoma of patients with lymph node involvement and emphasizes the decisive role played by myofibroblasts probably through their secretome in determining OSCC invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Cristiana Tiberio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Daniele Capocefalo
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Lassig AAD, Joseph AM, Lindgren BR, Yueh B. Association of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer Biomarkers in Surgical Drain Fluid With Patient Outcomes. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 143:670-678. [PMID: 28418447 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2016.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Survival rates for head and neck cancer have been relatively stable for several decades. Individualized prognostic indicators are needed to identify patients at risk for poorer outcomes. Objective To determine whether biomarker levels in surgical drain fluid of patients with head and neck cancer are associated with poor cancer outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and oropharynx who required surgical treatment from April 1, 2011, to February 1, 2016, at a tertiary or academic care center. Twenty patients, including 14 with stage IV disease, had complete specimen collection. Differences in cytokine and MMP levels by disease outcomes were evaluated. Interventions Patients underwent surgical treatment with drain placement as dictated by the standard of care. Drain fluid samples were collected every 8 hours postoperatively until drains were removed because of clinical criteria. Levels of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured using electrochemiluminescent, patterned array, multiplex technology. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary clinical outcome measures were survival outcome and recurrence. The biomarkers measured included the cytokines basic fibroblastic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor isoform A, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), and placental growth factor (PIGF) and MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9. Other clinical and pathologic cancer characteristics were recorded. Results In this cohort of 20 patients with SCC (15 men and 5 women; mean [SD] age, 63.5 [9.9] years), a significant association with recurrence was found for levels of MMP-1 (relative difference between groups, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.23-6.29), MMP-3 (relative difference between groups, 5.29; 95% CI, 2.14-13.05), and sFlt-1 (relative difference between groups, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.84-7.65). No biomarkers were associated with disease outcome. Vascular endothelial growth factor isoform A was associated with nodal metastasis (relative difference between groups, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.12-3.51), and basic fibroblastic growth factor was associated with lymphovascular invasion (relative difference between groups, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.02-2.97). Conclusions and Relevance In this pilot sample of patients with SCC of the oral cavity and oropharynx, MMP-1, MMP-3, and sFlt-1 levels in wound fluid were associated with poor clinical cancer outcomes in the form of recurrence. This finding is consistent with the literature of tumor microenvironment in saliva, serum, and tumor tissue biomarkers. To our knowledge, this report is the first of such findings in surgical drain fluid, an easily accessible means of cytokine measurement. Measurement of these biomarkers in surgical fluid potentially represents a novel means of assessing cancer prognosis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Anne D Lassig
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anne M Joseph
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Bruce R Lindgren
- Division of Biostatistics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bevan Yueh
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Hsiao YC, Chi LM, Chien KY, Chiang WF, Chen SF, Chuang YN, Lin SY, Wu CC, Chang YT, Chu LJ, Chen YT, Chia SL, Chien CY, Chang KP, Chang YS, Yu JS. Development of a Multiplexed Assay for Oral Cancer Candidate Biomarkers Using Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment and Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1829-1849. [PMID: 28821604 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and there are currently no biomarkers approved for aiding its management. Although many potential oral cancer biomarkers have been discovered, very few have been verified in body fluid specimens in parallel to evaluate their clinical utility. The lack of appropriate multiplexed assays for chosen targets represents one of the bottlenecks to achieving this goal. In the present study, we develop a peptide immunoaffinity enrichment-coupled multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (SISCAPA-MRM) assay for verifying multiple reported oral cancer biomarkers in saliva. We successfully produced 363 clones of mouse anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against 36 of 49 selected targets, and characterized useful mAbs against 24 targets in terms of their binding affinity for peptide antigens and immuno-capture ability. Comparative analyses revealed that an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD ) cut-off value < 2.82 × 10-9 m could identify most clones with an immuno-capture recovery rate >5%. Using these mAbs, we assembled a 24-plex SISCAPA-MRM assay and optimized assay conditions in a 25-μg saliva matrix background. This multiplexed assay showed reasonable precision (median coefficient of variation, 7.16 to 32.09%), with lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) of <10, 10-50, and >50 ng/ml for 14, 7 and 3 targets, respectively. When applied to a model saliva sample pooled from oral cancer patients, this assay could detect 19 targets at higher salivary levels than their LLOQs. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of this assay for quantification of multiple targets in individual saliva samples (20 healthy donors and 21 oral cancer patients), showing that levels of six targets were significantly altered in cancer compared with the control group. We propose that this assay could be used in future studies to compare the clinical utility of multiple oral cancer biomarker candidates in a large cohort of saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chin Hsiao
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,§Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Ming Chi
- ¶Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,¶Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,‖Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- **Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan.,‡‡School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Fan Chen
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ning Chuang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lin
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- ‖Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,§Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,‖Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,§§Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,¶¶Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Chia
- ‖‖Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; .,§Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,‖Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Nosratzehi T, Alijani E, Moodi M. Salivary MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13 Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1947-1951. [PMID: 28749626 PMCID: PMC5648403 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.7.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate salivary matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13 levels in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) as well as in healthy controls. Thirty cases of OLP (bilateral lesions, papular and reticular lesions, and Wickham lines) clinically and histopathologically (group A), 30 with oral SCCs (group B), and 30 with no history of oral cancer, other lesions or lichen planus (group C) were enrolled at the Department of Oral Medicine School of Dentistry, Zahedan, Iran. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and laboratory measurement of salivary concentration of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13 was conducted by immuno-sorbent enzyme-linked methods. Data analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. In the present study, MMP-2 and MMP-13 levels were higher in oral SCC patients than in OLP and healthy individuals. More research is required to assess MMP links with tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nosratzehi
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran.
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Early detection of squamous cell carcinoma in carcinogen induced oral cancer rodent model by ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides. Oral Oncol 2017; 71:156-162. [PMID: 28688684 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ratiometric cell-penetrating-peptides (RACPP) are hairpin-shaped molecules that undergo cleavage by tumor-associated proteases resulting in measurable Cy5:Cy7 fluorescence ratiometric change to label cancer in vivo. We evaluated an MMP cleavable RACPP for use in the early detection of malignant lesions in a carcinogen-induced rodent tumor model. METHODS Wild-type immune-competent mice were given 4-nitroquinoline-oxide (4NQO) for 16weeks. Oral cavities from live mice that had been intravenously administered MMP cleavable PLGC(Me)AG-RACPP were serially imaged from week 11 through week 21 using white-light reflectance and Cy5:Cy7 ratiometric fluorescence. RESULTS In an initial study we found that at week 21 nearly all mice (13/14) had oral cavity lesions, of which 90% were high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma. These high-grade lesions were identifiable with white light reflectance and RACPP Cy5:Cy7 ratiometric fluorescence with similar detectability, Area Under Curve (AUC) for RACPP detection was 0.97 (95% Confidence interval (CI)=0.92-1.02, p<0.001), sensitivity=89%, specificity=100%. In a follow up study, oral cavity lesions generated by 4NQO were imaged and histologically analyzed at weeks 16, 18 and 21. In this study we showed that RACPP-fluorescence detection positively identified 15 squamous cell carcinomas (in 6 separate mice) that were poorly visible or undetectable by white light reflectance. CONCLUSIONS RACPP ratiometric fluorescence can be used to accurately detect carcinogen-induced carcinoma in immunocompetent mice that are poorly visible or undetectable by white light reflectance.
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Kidacki M, Lehman HL, Green MV, Warrick JI, Stairs DB. p120-Catenin Downregulation and PIK3CA Mutations Cooperate to Induce Invasion through MMP1 in HNSCC. Mol Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28637905 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent improvements in treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), half of all patients with a regional or advanced disease will die within 5 years from diagnosis. Therefore, identification of mechanisms driving the aggressive behavior of HNSCC is of utmost importance. Because p120-catenin (CTNND1/P120CTN) downregulation and PIK3CA mutations are commonly found in HNSCC, the objective of this study was to identify their impact on fundamental processes of metastasis, specifically, migration and invasion. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the key effector proteins regulated by P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations. Studies using oral keratinocytes demonstrated that P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations increased migration and invasion. In addition, P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations resulted in elevated matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) levels. Inhibition of MMP1 resulted in decreased invasion, suggesting that MMP1 plays a critical role in HNSCC invasion. Moreover, analysis of HNSCC patient specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas confirmed these findings. Tumors with low P120CTN and PI3K pathway mutations have higher levels of MMP1 compared to tumors with high P120CTN and no PI3K pathway mutations. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations promote MMP1-driven invasion, providing a potential novel target for limiting metastasis in HNSCC.Implications: Because of its role in invasion, MMP1 represents a novel, potential target for limiting metastasis in a subset of HNSCCs with P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1398-409. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kidacki
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather L Lehman
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle V Green
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas B Stairs
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Arosarena OA, Barr EW, Thorpe R, Yankey H, Tarr JT, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin regulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:409-421. [PMID: 28295306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 60% of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) die of metastases or locoregional recurrence. Metastasis is mediated by cancer cell migration and invasion, which are in part dependent on extracellular matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteinases. Osteoactivin (OA) overexpression plays a role in metastases in several malignancies, and has been shown to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity. To determine how OA modulates MMP expression and activity in HNSCC, and to investigate OA effects on cell invasion, we assessed effects of OA treatment on MMP mRNA and protein expression, as well as gelatinase and caseinolytic activity in HNSCC cell lines. We assessed the effects of OA gene silencing on MMP expression, gelatinase and caseinolytic activity, and cell invasion. OA treatment had differential effects on MMP mRNA expression. OA treatment upregulated MMP-10 expression in UMSCC14a (p = 0.0431) and SCC15 (p < 0.0001) cells, but decreased MMP-9 expression in UMSCC14a cells (p = 0.0002). OA gene silencing decreased MMP-10 expression in UMSCC12 cells (p = 0.0001), and MMP-3 (p = 0.0005) and -9 (p = 0.0036) expression in SCC25 cells. In SCC15 and SCC25 cells, OA treatment increased MMP-2 (p = 0.0408) and MMP-9 gelatinase activity (p < 0.0001), respectively. OA depletion decreased MMP-2 (p = 0.0023) and -9 (p < 0.0001) activity in SCC25 cells. OA treatment increased 70 kDa caseinolytic activity in UMSCC12 cells consistent with tissue type plasminogen activator (p = 0.0078). OA depletion decreased invasive capacity of UMSCC12 cells (p < 0.0001). OA's effects on MMP expression in HNSCC are variable, and may promote cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oneida A Arosarena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Barr
- Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Thorpe
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hilary Yankey
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph T Tarr
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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Isaacson KJ, Martin Jensen M, Subrahmanyam NB, Ghandehari H. Matrix-metalloproteinases as targets for controlled delivery in cancer: An analysis of upregulation and expression. J Control Release 2017; 259:62-75. [PMID: 28153760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While commonly known for degradation of the extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit broad potential for use in targeting of bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. A comprehensive analysis of published literature on expression of all MMP subtypes at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in normal and diseased tissues indicate targeting applicability in a variety of cancers. This expression significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, providing an improved opportunity for controlled release in higher-stage patients. Since MMPs are integral at every stage of metastasis, MMP roles in cancer are discussed with a focus on MMP distribution and mobility within cells and tumors for cancer targeting applications. Several strategies for MMP utilization in targeting - such as matrix degradation, MMP cleavage, MMP binding, and MMP-induced environmental changes - are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nithya B Subrahmanyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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40
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Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Martin Carreras-Presas C, Aro K, Tu M, Garcia-Godoy F, Wong DT. Saliva diagnostics - Current views and directions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:459-472. [PMID: 27903834 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216681550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an update on the current and future applications of saliva for diagnostic purposes. There are many advantages of using saliva as a biofluid. Its collection is fast, easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive. In addition, saliva, as a "mirror of the body," can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the body. Therefore, it serves as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in many fields of science such as medicine, dentistry, and pharmacotherapy. Introduced in 2008, the term "Salivaomics" aimed to highlight the rapid development of knowledge about various "omics" constituents of saliva, including: proteome, transcriptome, micro-RNA, metabolome, and microbiome. In the last few years, researchers have developed new technologies and validated a wide range of salivary biomarkers that will soon make the use of saliva a clinical reality. However, a great need still exists for convenient and accurate point-of-care devices that can serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. In addition, there is an urgent need to decipher the scientific rationale and mechanisms that convey systemic diseases to saliva. Another promising technology called liquid biopsy enables detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and fragments of tumor DNA in saliva, thus enabling non-invasive early detection of various cancers. The newly developed technology-electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) provides near perfect detection of actionable mutations in lung cancer patients. These recent advances widened the salivary diagnostic approach from the oral cavity to the whole physiological system, and thus point towards a promising future of salivary diagnostics for personalized individual medicine applications including clinical decisions and post-treatment outcome predictions. Impact statement The purpose of this mini-review is to make an update about the present and future applications of saliva as a diagnostic biofluid in many fields of science such as dentistry, medicine and pharmacotherapy. Using saliva as a fluid for diagnostic purposes would be a huge breakthrough for both patients and healthcare providers since saliva collection is easy, non-invasive and inexpensive. We will go through the current main diagnostic applications of saliva, and provide a highlight on the emerging, newly developing technologies and tools for cancer screening, detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katri Aro
- 1 School of Dentistry, Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Tu
- 1 School of Dentistry, Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- 3 College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Bioscience Research Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - David Tw Wong
- 1 School of Dentistry, Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Gualtero DF, Suarez Castillo A. Biomarkers in saliva for the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their potential use for early diagnosis: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:170-7. [PMID: 26577643 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the capacity of salivary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Study design A systematic review of the literature was performed based on the English titles listed in the PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, Science Direct, ISI web Science and SciELO databases using the following search descriptors: Oral cancer, diagnosis, biomarkers, saliva and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed independently by two reviewers. International checklists for assessment of methodological quality were used. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation through the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) template were recognized. The units of analysis were identified through a reference matrix. Results Through the research strategy and after application of different filters and considering choosing criteria, six studies were obtained for analysis. Salivary biomarkers for oral cancer most frequently found were mRNA and proteins for IL-8, CD44, MMP-1 and MMP-3. New peptide-biomarkers such as Cyfra 21-1 and ZNF510 were found. ZNF 510 was the only biomarker which increased in the population with tumour stage T1 + T2 and T3 + T4. Only one study showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96% when the biomarker ZNF 510 is employed to discriminate early and late tumour stages. Conclusions There is no sufficient scientific evidence to support the capacity of the identified salivary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of oral cancer (sub-clinical stages of the pathogenic period before cancer phenotypes are manifested). Salivary biomarkers, however, may be employed to discriminate between healthy and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Gualtero
- a Dental Sciences Research Group , Institución Universitaria Colegios De Colombia (UNICOC) School of Dentistry , Bogotá , D.C , Colombia
- b Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry , El Bosque University , Bogota , D.C , Colombia
| | - Angela Suarez Castillo
- a Dental Sciences Research Group , Institución Universitaria Colegios De Colombia (UNICOC) School of Dentistry , Bogotá , D.C , Colombia
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Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Serum and saliva collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in patients with oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29:218. [PMID: 26478876 PMCID: PMC4606954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) has been classified as a pre-malignant condition. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) or collagenase-3 may play a key role in cancer development. The aim of this study was to compare serum and saliva MMP-13 between patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS This cross sectional study was performed on 30 patients with OLP (8 reticular and 22 erosive forms) and 20 patients with OSCC (6 in low stage and 14 in advanced stage) who were selected randomly. The study was conducted at the Cancer Department, Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The serum and saliva MMP-13 were assayed by ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the Student's t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient was performed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in mean saliva and serum levels of MMP-13 between patients with OSCC and OLP and their subgroups. Serum MMP-13 correlated significantly with unstimulated (r = 0.307, p= 0.048), but not with stimulated, saliva MMP-13. CONCLUSION Serum and saliva MMP-13 levels appear to be statistically similar in OLP and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini
- 1 DDS, MSc, Fellowship of Research Biology, Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,(Corresponding author) DDS, MSc, Fellowship of Research Biology, Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- 2 PhD, Professor, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jehmlich N, Stegmaier P, Golatowski C, Salazar MG, Rischke C, Henke M, Völker U. Differences in the whole saliva baseline proteome profile associated with development of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. J Proteomics 2015; 125:98-103. [PMID: 25997676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common, painful and often treatment-limiting side effect of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Unstimulated saliva was collected before the first radiotherapy application in 50 HNC patients. 41 out of 50 patients developed OM (grade III) during radiotherapy, of which 14 patients even displayed an early OM (grade III) at a low radiation dose of 30Gy. Nine patients did not develop OM (grade III). Using an LC-MS/MS approach 5323 tryptic peptides were assigned to 487 distinct proteins (≥2 peptides) in the data set. The levels of 48 proteins differed significantly (p<0.05) between patients developing OM or not. 17 proteins displayed increased levels (≥1.3-fold) and 31 proteins decreased in level in OM, respectively. Furthermore, using partial least square analysis protein patterns could be used to distinguish subjects which did not develop grade III OM even after 70Gy total dose (n=9) and those displaying early OM (grade III at <30Gy total dose, n=14). Using leave one out cross validation 37 of 41 patients (90%) developing OM could be correctly assigned indicating that prognostic proteome signatures may help identify patients that should be specifically monitored to increase overall effectiveness of RT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Petra Stegmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claas Golatowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Rischke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Henke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
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Sanchavanakit N, Saengtong W, Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P. TNF-α stimulates MMP-3 production via PGE2 signalling through the NF-kB and p38 MAPK pathway in a murine cementoblast cell line. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1066-74. [PMID: 25956994 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cementoblasts are considered to play an important role in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is the key family of enzymes participating in extracellular matrix remodelling. In the present study, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the expression of MMPs and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; TIMPs) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS OCCM-30, an immortalised murine cementoblast cell line, was stimulated with TNF-α at 1 and 10ng/ml for 24h. The expression of Mmp-2, Mmp-3, Mmp-13, Mmp-14, Timp-1, and Timp-2 as well as PGE2 was determined. Inhibitors of MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, NF-kB and Cox-2 were employed to reveal possible TNF-α induced regulatory signalling pathway(s). The mRNA and protein expression were analysed by (semi)quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS TNF-α dose-dependently stimulated MMP-3 expression by cementoblasts. This was found for mRNA as well as protein expression. No significant differences were found in the mRNA expression of Mmp-2, Mmp-13, Mmp-14, Timp-1, and Timp-2 upon TNF-α stimulation. The level of PGE2, however, was significantly increased along with MMP-3. Treatment with a selective Cox-2 inhibitor resulted in partial suppression of TNF-α-induced Mmp-3 mRNA expression. Addition of PGE2 enhanced Mmp-3 mRNA in a dose dependent manner, suggesting an inductive effect of TNF-α partly via PGE2. The up-regulation of Mmp-3 by TNF-α was completely suppressed by a combination of NF-kB and p38 MAPK inhibitors, while partial suppression was found with each inhibitor. The effect of PGE2 on Mmp-3 expression was abolished by treating cells with an NF-kB inhibitor; a p38 MAPK inhibitor had only a small effect. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that cementoblasts respond to TNF-α by increasing MMP-3 production partially via PGE2 and signalling through the NF-kB and p38 MAPK pathway. MMP-3 may participate in periodontal tissue degradation/remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeracha Sanchavanakit
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Weerayut Saengtong
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Mahboobi N, Shirazian S, Harirchi I. Serum and Saliva MMP-3 in Patients with OLP and Oral SCC. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:107-111. [PMID: 25906800 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) plays a key role in development of cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess MMP-3 in the serum and saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with OLP (8 reticular and 22 erosive forms), and 20 patients with OSCC (6 in low stage and 14 in advanced stage), were enrolled in this study, conducted at the Cancer Department, Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The serum and saliva MMP-3 was assayed by ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the Student's t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient was performed. The mean saliva and serum levels of MMP-3 were significantly higher in patients with OSCC compared with OLP. RESULTS The serum and saliva MMP-3 concentrations increased from reticular form of OLP to erosive form of OLP, and increased further to low stage of OSCC and advanced stage of OSCC. Serum MMP-3 correlated significantly with unstimulated (r = 0.310, p = 0.038) and stimulated (r = 0.365, p < 0.026) saliva MMP-3. CONCLUSION Serum and saliva MMP-3 levels appear associated with OLP and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini
- Department of Oral Medicine/Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: +98-21-66402095, e-mail:
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Mahboobi
- Department of Oral Medicine/Dental Research Center School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Shirazian
- Department of Oral Medicine/Dental Research Center School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Harirchi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ge L, Liu S, Xie L, Sang L, Ma C, Li H. Differential mRNA expression profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma by high-throughput RNA sequencing. J Biomed Res 2015; 29:397. [PMID: 26273018 PMCID: PMC4585435 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.29.20140088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentially expressed genes are thought to regulate the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to screen differentially expressed mRNAs in OSCC and matched paraneoplastic normal tissues, and to explore the intrinsic mechanism of OSCC development and progression. We obtained the differentially expressed mRNA expression profiles in 10 pairs of fresh-frozen OSCC tissue specimens and matched paraneoplastic normal tissue specimens by high-throughput RNA sequencing. By using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, the functional significance of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed. We identified 1,120 significantly up-regulated mRNAs and 178 significantly down-regulated mRNAs in OSCC, compared to normal tissue. The differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in 20 biological processes and 68 signal pathways. Compared to adjacent normal tissue, the expression of MAGEA11 was up-regulated; TCHH was down-regulated. These findings were verified by real-time PCR. These differentially expressed mRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the development and progression of OSCC. This study provides novel insights into OSCC. However, further work is needed to determine if these differentially expressed mRNAs have potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Long Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lei Sang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Suzhou Huaxia Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Razzouk S. Translational genomics and head and neck cancer: toward precision medicine. Clin Genet 2014; 86:412-21. [PMID: 25143247 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) comprise a wide spectrum of neoplasms with different tumor biologies, prognosis and response to therapies. Current tumor classification and traditional diagnostic methods (e.g. clinical assessment, histopathology) are limited in their capacity to determine prognosis and clinical decision-making. Despite recent improvements in treatment, the outcome for patients with HNSCC remains poor. Similar to most tumors, several patient-related factors, (e.g. genetics and environment) and disease-related factors (e.g. tumor location, TMN staging) play a significant role on survival. Thus, the problem in defining the prognosis is that the clinical course and response to treatment differ considerably among patients. Such interindividual variability is related to the heterogeneity of the tumor, genetic and epigenetic variations, thus reflecting the interaction of multiple biological components that result in a unique phenotype. Integrative genomics are developed to identify the molecular pathways leading to cancer at the individual level and find novel prognostic markers for HNSCC, hence tailoring a treatment accordingly. Such genetic-based personalized diagnosis allows tumor stratification and implementation of targeted therapy. Modern medicine includes new drugs that disrupt the implicated molecules and their signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge that elucidates the translation of genetic data into clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Razzouk
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York City, NY; Private practice, Beirut, Lebanon
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Nagai K, Nakahata S, Shimosaki S, Tamura T, Kondo Y, Baba T, Taki T, Taniwaki M, Kurosawa G, Sudo Y, Okada S, Sakoda S, Morishita K. Development of a complete human anti-human transferrin receptor C antibody as a novel marker of oral dysplasia and oral cancer. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1085-99. [PMID: 24890018 PMCID: PMC4303177 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Up to 20% of oral dysplasia cases have been suggested to undergo malignant transformation to OSCC; however, there are no methods to predict OSCC development. In this study, to identify the genes associated with oral dysplasia progression, we performed genomic copy number analyses of genomic DNA samples isolated from primary oral dysplasia and OSCC via the microdissection method and found elevated expression of transferrin receptor C (TfR1/TFRC) with genomic amplification in oral dysplasia and OSCC. The expression rate of TFRC in OSCC was significantly higher than that in dysplasia, suggesting that OSCC disease progression might be related to TFRC expression. Additionally, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo impacts of a newly established anti-human TFRC monoclonal antibody, which was isolated from a human cDNA library using the phage-display method, on cell proliferation and survival. The anti-TFRC antibody blocked the interaction between transferrin and TFRC and consequently inhibited iron uptake, leading to the iron deprivation-mediated suppression of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that the anti-TFRC antibody efficiently inhibited tumor growth in a murine xenograft OSCC model. Therefore, we suggest our developed complete human anti-human TFRC antibody as a useful, novel treatment for oral dysplasia and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nagai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Kim KY, Zhang X, Cha IH. Identification of human papillomavirus status specific biomarker in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2014; 37:1310-8. [PMID: 24817691 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an attempt to improve the prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer, it could be necessary to identify biomarkers in homogeneous subgroups of patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS We explored the necessity of human papillomavirus (HPV) status-specific biomarkers in patients with head and neck cancer and identified an HPV status-specific gene set. The identified gene set was validated with the external microarray datasets. For this purpose, we used 4 microarray datasets obtained from a public database. One dataset was used for identifying the HPV status specific gene set, and the other datasets were used for validation. RESULTS The identified gene set for distinguishing head and neck cancer from head and neck normal, did not accurately discriminate the HPV specific patients with head and neck cancer from the head and neck normal group. Also, it was demonstrated that some HPV-positive (HPV+) head and neck cancer-specific genes may not be significant in HPV-negative (HPV-) head and neck cancer patients. The identified HPV specific gene sets showed good performance in validation datasets. The HPV+ head and neck cancer-specific gene set included various metabolism-related pathways, and the HPV- head and neck cancer-specific gene set included several pathways; fibroblast, collagen degradation, actin-binding, and actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSION The identification of HPV status-specific significant gene set was necessary. It is expected that HPV status-specific biomarkers can be helpful in deciding therapeutic methods for patients with head and neck cancer, after biological validation and large prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeol Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji City, Jilin Province, China
| | - In-Ho Cha
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul
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Combined genomic expressions as a diagnostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Genomics 2014; 103:317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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