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Liu Y, Zhu P, Ji C, Dong L, Yi W. Fusion expression, purification, and characterization of cytokeratin 19 fragments in E. coli for enhanced stability in diagnostic applications. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106410. [PMID: 38040273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) serves as a crucial tumor marker in the context of lung cancer patients, playing a pivotal role as a calibrator in the realm of in vitro diagnostics. Nevertheless, during practical application, it has come to light that the recombinantly synthesized full-length CYFRA21-1 antigen exhibits suboptimal stability at the requisite concentration, while the utilization of natural antigens incurs a substantial cost. To address this issue, our investigation harnessed a strategic approach whereby the soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 (Aa244-400) was integrated into the pET32a vector, subsequently being expressed within E. coli through a fusion with the TrxA protein. This process involved induction of protein expression through 0.2 mM IPTG at 16 °C for a duration of 16 h. After induction, the target protein was purified through Ni affinity and ion exchange chromatography. Subsequent characterization of the targeted protein was executed through the SEC-HPLC technique. The attained CYFRA21-1 antigen, as generated within this study, was effectively incorporated into a chemiluminescence-based in vitro diagnostic detection kit. The results indicate that the fusion protein exhibited commendable reactivity and stability, manifesting a deviation of less than 10 % following incubation at 37 °C for 7 days. Importantly, the production yield achieved a notable magnitude of 300 mg/L, thus rendering it a cost-effective and scalable alternative to natural antigens for clinical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Zybio Inc, Chongqing, 400082, China.
| | - Pan Zhu
- Zybio Inc, Chongqing, 400082, China
| | | | - Lichun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Qin Q, Deng LP, Chen J, Ye Z, Wu YY, Yuan Y, Song B. The value of MRI in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma with cytokeratin 19 expression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e975-e984. [PMID: 37783612 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the overall diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), different image features, and different image analysis methods in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies using MRI to predict HCC with CK19 expression between 2012 and 2023. Data were extracted to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity. Overall diagnostic performance was assessed using areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Subgroup analyses were conducted for specific image features and according to image analysis methods (traditional image feature, radiomics, and combined methods). Z-test statistics was used to analyse the differences in diagnostic performance between combined and individual methods. RESULTS Eleven studies with 14 datasets (1,278 lesions from 1,264 patients) were included. The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated to be 0.72 (0.55, 0.85), 0.88 (0.80, 0.93), and 0.89 (0.86, 0.91) for MRI in predicting HCC with CK19 expression. Combined methods had higher sensitivity than image feature methods (0.86 versus 0.54, p=0.001), with no difference in specificity (0.85 versus 0.87, p=0.641). There were no significant differences between radiomics and combined methods regarding sensitivity (p=0.796) and specificity (p=0.535), respectively. CONCLUSION MRI shows moderate sensitivity and high specificity in identifying HCC with CK19 expression. The application of radiomics can improve the sensitivity of MRI in identifying HCC with CK19 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Qin
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L P Deng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Ye
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Wu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - B Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China.
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Long L, Zhu LT, Huang Q. Correlation between lung cancer markers and air pollutants in western China population. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:64022-64030. [PMID: 35467186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between serum lung cancer markers and the air pollution remains unclear. To further reveal the correlation between air pollutants and lung cancer, a retrospective analysis of 446,032 asymptomatic healthy people and symptomatic healthy people from the Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2014 to 2019 was performed. The distribution characteristics of serum lung cancer markers, cancer embryo antigens (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA211), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and nerve-specific enolase (NSE) was analyzed in these population. Two independent sample man-Whitney U test was used to analyze the correlation of lung cancer markers and age, and a Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between lung cancer markers and gender. The daily change trend was profiled for six main air quality indicators PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 during the same period. The correlation between lung markers and air pollutants was investigated by Spearman and multiple linear regression. The results showed that CYFRA211 had the highest excess rate in the screening population. There were differences in the number of cases with concentrated expression of lung cancer markers in the different age groups. Among them, the people with NSE exceeding the standard were the youngest, and most of them were 40-55 years old. Besides SCC, the expression levels of other markers increased with age, and the expression levels of the four markers in males were significantly higher than those in females. Although the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded the WHO standard (World Health Organization. 2011), they were not correlated with lung cancer markers. Multiple comparisons showed that the air pollutants SO2 and CYFRA211, as well as NO2 and NSE were closely related, but there was no significant linear relationship between CEA, SCC, and air pollutants. In conclusion, among the four lung cancer markers, CYFRA211 had the highest abnormal excess rate in total screening population, and the expression levels of these markers varied by gender and age, with males showing significantly higher expression levels than females, and they increased significantly with age except for SCC. The differential expression of these lung cancer markers may provide more strategies for lung cancer screening in the corresponding population. Lung cancer markers, CYFRA211 and NSE, can be used as sensitive biomarkers for exposure to certain air pollutants and provide references for the prevention and management of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Long
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Li-Ting Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, 100190, China
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Abram M, Huhtamella R, Kalfert D, Hakso-Mäkinen H, Ludvíková M, Kholová I. The Role of Cell Blocks and Immunohistochemistry in Thyroid Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance Bethesda Category. Acta Cytol 2021; 65:257-263. [PMID: 33789274 DOI: 10.1159/000514906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid cytology is a widely accepted tool in the clinical triaging of nodular lesions. Cell blocks (CBs) can help in the diagnosis of atypical lesions, namely, thyroid Bethesda category of Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). METHODS In a series of 224 AUS/FLUS thyroid samples with CB, we studied CB cellularity and feasibility of 3 immunohistochemical markers (cytokeratin 19 [CK19], HBME-1, and galectin-3) apart and in combination. RESULTS The CBs were non-diagnostic in 34 cases. Twenty-four CBs contained <10 cells, 45 CBs 10-50 cells, and 121 CBs >50 cells. Notably, more cellularity was found in CBs performed by plasma-thrombin and in-house techniques (p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy to detect malignancy was 65.1% for CK19, 72.1% for HBME-1, and 70.3% for galectin-3. CONCLUSION In conclusion, CB cellularity is essential for successful immunohistochemistry application and further diagnostic workup of AUS/FLUS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikk Abram
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Roope Huhtamella
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Kalfert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Motol, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Marie Ludvíková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Ivana Kholová
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Qu L, Yang L, Li Y, Ren X, Wang H, Fan D, Wang X, Wei Q, Ju H. Dual-Signaling Electrochemical Ratiometric Method for Competitive Immunoassay of CYFRA21-1 Based on Urchin-like Fe 3O 4@PDA-Ag and Ni 3Si 2O 5(OH) 4-Au Absorbed Methylene Blue Nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5795-5802. [PMID: 33480669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric electrochemical (EC) sensing platform was established for sensitive immunoassay of target cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) biomarker by combining competitive immunoreaction and multisignal output. This immunosensor utilized Ag nanoparticles (NPs)-functionalized urchin-like Fe3O4@polydopamine (u-Fe3O4@PDA-Ag) as a matrix to immobilize CYFRA21-1 antigens and methylene blue (MB)-absorbed Ni3Si2O5(OH)4-Au nanotubes (NTs) to label the anti-CYFRA21-1 (Ab). During the competitive immunoreaction, square wave voltammetric (SWV) current changes of Ag NPs from u-Fe3O4@PDA-Ag indicator and MB from Ni3Si2O5(OH)4-Au/MB indicator are relevant to the dosage of CYFRA21-1-acquired Ni3Si2O5(OH)4-Au/MB/Ab. More importantly, numerous CYFRA21-1 loaded stably on u-Fe3O4@PDA-Ag exhibited strong competitive capacity toward the target-CYFRA21-1 to combine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4-Au/MB/Ab, causing sensitive changes in the ratio of two measured SWV currents. Prominently, "ΔI = ΔIMB + |ΔIAg NPs|" (ΔIMB and |ΔIAg NPs| represents the change values of the oxidation peak currents of MB and Ag NPs, respectively) could be regarded as significantly amplifying the signal response and ultimately improving the sensitivity of CYFRA21-1 detection, from which we derived a wide dynamic range from 500 fg/mL to 50 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.39 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This work may exert a profound impact on monitoring other biomarkers in early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yueyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
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Sharma RD, Sharmin A, Sinha A, Solomon A, Huynh I, Alani A, Nagarajakumar A, Kasem A, Doddi S. Is it Possible to Predict Non Sentinel Node Positivity on the Basis of mRNA Copy Numbers of CK19 Receptor in Breast Cancer? Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 21:e561-e564. [PMID: 33712365 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if there is any correlation between the number of positive non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) and the mRNA copy numbers of cytokeratin 19 receptor on one step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) in the sentinel lymph node (SLN). METHODS An 8-year retrospective study of consecutive patients who had primary surgery and sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer from January 2011 to December 2018 was carried out. All these patients had intra-operative analysis of sentinel lymph nodes by OSNA. Patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant endocrine therapy were excluded. RESULTS There were 1159 patients with an age range of 24 to 90 years and a mean age of 63 years in this study. A total of 1324 SLNs were analyzed by OSNA. Macrometastasis was found in 120 patients and they underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). A total of 2405 NSLNs were analyzed. Of the patients who had ALND, 51 (43%) patients had negative NSLNs and 69 (57%) had positive NSLNs. The mean mRNA copy numbers respectively for the 2 groups were 853,665 and 609,855. The difference between the means is not statistically significant (P = 0.82). Also the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve of the total CK-19 mRNA copy number for both groups-negative and positive NSLN were almost identical (Figure 3) indicating mRNA copy numbers cannot be used to discriminate between positive and negative non-sentinel lymph nodes. CONCLUSION It is clear from our study that in patients who have ALND due to macromets on OSNA, there is no correlation between the total tumor load as represented by mRNA copy numbers and the likelihood of positive non-sentinel lymph nodes. We therefore cannot rely solely on the mRNA copy numbers to decide on ALND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Deva Sharma
- Department of General and Breast Surgery, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS, Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Afroza Sharmin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kings College NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal, University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8ND, UK
| | - Aaditya Sinha
- Department of General Surgery, Worcester Royal Hospital, Worcester, UK
| | - Ashley Solomon
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kings College NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal, University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8ND, UK
| | - Isabelle Huynh
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kings College NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal, University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8ND, UK.
| | - Azhar Alani
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kings College NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal, University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8ND, UK
| | - Anupama Nagarajakumar
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kings College NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal, University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8ND, UK
| | - Abdul Kasem
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kings College NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal, University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8ND, UK
| | - Sudeendra Doddi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kings College NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal, University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8ND, UK.
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Peña KB, Kepa A, Cochs A, Riu F, Parada D, Gumà J. Total Tumor Load of mRNA Cytokeratin 19 in the Sentinel Lymph Node as a Predictive Value of Axillary Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010077. [PMID: 33435629 PMCID: PMC7826715 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has proved to be able to diagnose axillary lymph node status safely and reliably, there is still not enough evidence to suggest that it can be used in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for lymph node-sparing surgery. The present study used molecular approaches to determine whether SLNB can be reliably used in patients who have been treated with NAC before SLN surgery, and whether the total tumor load of the SLN can be used as a predictive factor in axillary lymphadenectomy (ALD). We used one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) to analyze a total of 111 consecutive patients who presented operable invasive breast carcinomas and who had been treated with NAC. SLN was positive in 55 patients and the identification rate was 100%. In 9 of these 55 patients, ALD showed that other lymph nodes were also involved. In all of the other 46 patients, the only lymph node to be identified as positive was SLN. Metastasis was not found in any of the axillary lymph nodes in the isolated tumor cell group. The total tumor load, defined as the amount of cytokeratin 19 mRNA copy numbers in all positives SLN (copies/µL), showed three risk groups related to the possibility of positive non-sentinel nodes. OSNA is a diagnostic technique that is highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible and it can be used to analyze sentinel lymph nodes after NAC. Total tumor load may be able to help predict additional metastases in axillary lymphadenectomy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Axilla
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast/pathology
- Breast/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Keratin-19/analysis
- Keratin-19/genetics
- Lymph Node Excision/statistics & numerical data
- Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnosis
- Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis/therapy
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Neoadjuvant Therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prospective Studies
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Sentinel Lymph Node/pathology
- Sentinel Lymph Node/surgery
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
- Tumor Burden/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B. Peña
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (K.B.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Amillano Kepa
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Alba Cochs
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesc Riu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (K.B.P.); (F.R.)
| | - David Parada
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (K.B.P.); (F.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Josep Gumà
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.K.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (J.G.)
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Peng SJ, Wang CF, Yu YJ, Yu CY, Chen SY, Wu SN, Tan SW, Peng JX, Li B, Shao Y. CYFRA21-1/TG ratio as an accurate risk factor to predict eye metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22773. [PMID: 33181649 PMCID: PMC7668525 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a distinctive geographical distribution in China, especially southern China. There are several risk factors for NPC, such as Epstein-Barr virus, genetics, and environmental exposures. Although the incidence of eye metastasis (EM) is lower than metastasis in other body parts, it often indicates poor prognosis.We assessed several serum biomarkers for their ability to predict EM in NPC. Patients with NPC were selected (n = 963), and were separated into two groups, EM and no eye metastasis. Ten factors were analyzed in both groups including triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, alpha fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen-199, cancer antigen-153, apolipoproteins AI, apolipoprotein B, and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA21-1). Independent t tests, binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the data.The EM group had significantly higher CYFRA21-1 and lower TG compared with the no eye metastasis group. Areas under the curve for CYFRA21-1, TG and CYFRA21-1/TG were 0.966, 0.771, and 0.976, respectively. The corresponding cut-off values were 12.12 ng/ml, 0.41 mmol/L, and 13.5. The sensitivity and specificity of CYFRA21-1/TG were 100% and 92.2%, respectively.The increased ratio of CYFRA21-1 to TG can be an accurate method to detect EM in patients with NPC.
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Matuszczak M, Salagierski M. Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Biomarkers CYFRA 21.1, ERCC1, p53, FGFR3 and TATI in Bladder Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093360. [PMID: 32397531 PMCID: PMC7247579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high occurrence of bladder cancer and its tendency to recur in combination with a lifelong surveillance make the treatment of superficial bladder cancer one of the most expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, carcinoma in situ often leads to muscle invasion with an unfavorable prognosis. Currently, invasive methods including cystoscopy and cytology remain a gold standard. The aim of this study was to explore urine-based biomarkers to find the one with the best specificity and sensitivity, which would allow optimizing the treatment plan. In this review, we sum up the current knowledge about Cytokeratin fragments (CYFRA 21.1), Excision Repair Cross-Complementation 1 (ERCC1), Tumour Protein p53 (Tp53), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3), Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor (TATI) and their potential applications in clinical practice.
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Hong SM, Jung D, Kiemen A, Gaida MM, Yoshizawa T, Braxton AM, Noë M, Lionheart G, Oshima K, Thompson ED, Burkhart R, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Hruban RH, Wood LD. Three-dimensional visualization of cleared human pancreas cancer reveals that sustained epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is not required for venous invasion. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:639-647. [PMID: 31700162 PMCID: PMC10548439 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Venous invasion is three times more common in pancreatic cancer than it is in other major cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, and venous invasion may explain why pancreatic cancer is so deadly. To characterize the patterns of venous invasion in pancreatic cancer, 52 thick slabs (up to 5 mm) of tissue were harvested from 52 surgically resected human ductal adenocarcinomas, cleared with a modified iDISCO method, and labeled with fluorescent-conjugated antibodies to cytokeratin 19, desmin, CD31, p53 and/or e-cadherin. Labeled three-dimensional (3D) pancreas cancer tissues were visualized with confocal laser scanning or light sheet microscopy. Multiple foci of venous and even arterial invasion were visualized. Venous invasion was detected more often in 3D (88%, 30/34 cases) than in conventional 2D slide evaluation (75%, 25/34 cases, P < 0.001). 3D visualization revealed pancreatic cancer cells crossing the walls of veins at multiple points, often at points where preexisting capillary structures bridge the blood vessels. The neoplastic cells often retained a ductal morphology (cohesive cells forming tubes) as they progressed from a stromal to intravenous location. Although immunolabeling with antibodies to e-cadherin revealed focal loss of expression at the leading edges of the cancers, the neoplastic cells within veins expressed e-cadherin and formed well-oriented glands. We conclude that venous invasion is almost universal in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that even surgically resectable PDAC has access to the venous spaces and thus the ability to disseminate widely. Furthermore, we observe that sustained epithelial-mesenchymal transition is not required for venous invasion in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DongJun Jung
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashley Kiemen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alicia M Braxton
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michaël Noë
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gemma Lionheart
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Chen J, Wu Z, Xia C, Jiang H, Liu X, Duan T, Cao L, Ye Z, Zhang Z, Ma L, Song B, Shi Y. Noninvasive prediction of HCC with progenitor phenotype based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:1232-1242. [PMID: 31529254 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the noninvasive prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with progenitor phenotype based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS This retrospective study included 115 surgery-proven HCCs with preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI from August 2015 to September 2018. Image features were reviewed. Quantitative image analysis was performed using histogram analysis. HCC with progenitor phenotype was defined as positive for either cytokeratin 19 (CK19) or epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression. Statistically significant variables for identifying HCCs with progenitor phenotype were determined at multivariate analyses. ROC analyses were used to determined cutoff values and the diagnostic performance of significant variables and combinations. Prediction nomogram was constructed based on multivariate analysis. RESULTS At multivariate regression analyses, AFP ≥ 155.25 ng/mL (p < 0.001), skewness on T2WI ≤ 1.10 (p = 0.024), uniformity on pre-T1WI ≤ 0.91 (p = 0.024), irregular tumor margin (p = 0.006), targetoid appearance (p = 0.001), and the absence of mosaic architecture (p = 0.014) were significant predictors of HCCs expressing progenitor cell markers. Combing any three of those significant variables, it provides a diagnostic accuracy of 0.86 (95% CI 0.78-0.92) with sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.86-1.00), and specificity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.63-0.83). The C-index of the regression coefficient-based nomogram was 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive prediction of HCCs with progenitor phenotype can be achieved with high accuracy by integrated interpretation of biochemical and radiological information, representing a handy tool for precise patient management and the prediction of prognosis. KEY POINTS • Qualitative image features of irregular tumor margin, targetoid appearance, and the absence of mosaic architecture are significant predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma with progenitor phenotype. • Quantitative analyses using whole-lesion histogram analysis provides additional information for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma with progenitor phenotype. • Noninvasive prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma with progenitor phenotype can be achieved with high accuracy by integrated interpretation of clinical information and qualitative and quantitative imaging analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, B2 Building, No. 88, South Ke Yuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xijiao Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Likun Cao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Application Advanced Team, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yujun Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, B2 Building, No. 88, South Ke Yuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Safadi RA, AlRomaizan A, Alshagroud RS, Divakar DD, Alshieban S. Cytokeratin 19 Immunostain Reduces Variability in Grading Epithelial Dysplasia of the Non-Keratinized Upper Aerodigestive Tract Mucosa. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 14:183-191. [PMID: 31089948 PMCID: PMC7021870 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial dysplasia (ED) grading systems are criticized for low reliability. The effects of diagnostic tests or stains on reducing examiner variability in grading ED of the upper aerodigestive tract have not been investigated. The study aim was to examine the effectiveness of cytokeratin 19 (K19) immunostain on enhancing inter and intraexaminer reliability of ED grading and to reiterate the relation of K19 positivity with epithelial keratinization. The study sample consisted of 122 paraffin blocks that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Each paraffin block had three sections cut: one immunostained for K19 and two for hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E). Each examiner graded the study sample in six rounds; three using H&E stain only and three using paired K19-H&E stains. The study examiners were three American-Board certified practicing oral pathologists. The results were analyzed using Krippendorff's alpha, ROC curve, Chi square test and binary logistic regression. Upon the use of paired K19-H&E stains the results showed that the intraexaminer reliability coefficients of grading were improved from 0.70, 0.69, 0.78 to 0.73, 0.88, 0.91 for examiners 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Reliability coefficients for inter-examiners improved from 0.55 to 0.73 (Krippendorff alpha). The accuracy of identifying the diseased cases (high-grade dysplasia) increased from 0.82 to 0.94 (ROC curve). Binary logistic regression revealed that K19 positivity is negatively associated with hyperkeratinization of surface epithelium (P = 0.001). To conclude, for grading non-keratinized epithelial dysplastic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract, paired K19-H&E stains proved to reduce inter and intra-examiner variability by highlighting the extension of dysplastic epithelial cells within epithelial thickness, thus identifying the involved epithelial third and assigning a more reliable and better reproducible grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A. Safadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlRomaizan
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Darshan D. Divakar
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshieban
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
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Zehani A, Bani A, Chelly I, Rejaibi S, Besbes G, Haouet S, Kchir N. Papillary thyroid tumors: Diagnostic value of CD56 and Cytokeratin 19. Tunis Med 2018; 96:113-121. [PMID: 30324976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) is a tumor composed exclusively of follicles lined by cells having nuclear characteristics of papillary carcinoma. Morphological diagnosis is often difficult especially in the cases in which these nuclear abnormalities are focal. AIM To investigate the contribution of the immunohistochemical study with anti CD56 and anti cytokeratin 19 in the positive diagnosis of NIFTP. METHODS This is a diagnostive, retrospective study of 40 thyroid specimens including 15 NIFTP, 10 classical form papillary carcinoma (CPC) and 15 vesicular adenomas (AV), collected over a period of eighteen months (December 2013-May 2015). RESULTS Negativity with anti-CD56 was noted in 16 cases: 9 cases of NIFTP and 7 cases of CPC. A diffuse staining was noted in 14 cases of AV. Positivity with anti-Cytokeratin19 was noted in 38 cases: 14 NIFTP, 10 CPC and 14 AV. For the diagnosis of NIFTP, the sensitivity of CD56 was 60% and specificity of 100%. The sensitivity of the Cytokeratin 19 was 93,3 % and specificity of 33,3%. CONCLUSIONS Considering the good sensitivity and specificity of the CD56, it is possible to apply immunohistochemistry for definitive diagnosis of NIFTP and to differentiate it from adenoma. The cytokeratin 19 does not have a big contribution to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma/diagnosis
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle
- CD56 Antigen/analysis
- CD56 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratin-19/analysis
- Keratin-19/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Retrospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnosis
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/metabolism
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Young Adult
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Vodička J, Vejvodová Š, Pešta M, Mukenšnabl P, Špidlen V, Kulda V, Houfková K, Topolčan O. Can the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method of lymph nodes examination make the staging of pulmonary tumours more precise? Rozhl Chir 2018; 97:373-378. [PMID: 30441990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this article is to compare the sensitivity of detecting micrometastases in hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in case of primary (non-small cell) and secondary (metastases of colorectal carcinoma) pulmonary tumours using standard histopathological examination with haematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry examination with Anti-Cytokeratin 19 antibody and examination based on the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method. METHOD During radical surgical treatment of primary non-small cell lung carcinoma and pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma, hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes of 100 patients enrolled in the study in the period from 2015 to 2017 were extracted based on a standard classification. These lymph nodes were subsequently divided along the longitudinal axis into 4 identical parts where part one and three on the left were intended for examination based on the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method, whereas parts two and four were subjected to histopathological examination. In evaluating the respective parts of the nodes by histological examination, the nodes were first examined by a standard procedure that involves haematoxylin-eosin staining, followed by immunohistochemistry examination with Anti-Cytokeratin 19 antibody. The One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method was performed in the kit supplied by Sysmex (Kobe, Japan) and is based on the detection of cytokeratin 19 mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) by reverse transcription coupled with isothermal amplification. RESULTS A total of 1,426 lymph nodes of the patients enrolled in the study were extracted and examined using the above mentioned methodology. In 78 patients (78%), identical results were obtained using haematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry with Anti-Cytokeratin 19 and One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification. Micrometastases in the lymph nodes using the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method in the absence of the other methods were proven in 16 patients (16%). Only in 3 cases (3%), the examination by haematoxylin-eosin staining, or immunohistochemistry with Anti-Cytokeratin 19, was positive while One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification was negative. The results obtained by immunohistochemistry with Anti-Cytokeratin 19 antibody were practically the same as those obtained by haematoxylin-eosin staining (97%). CONCLUSION The results of the study have demonstrated a higher percentage of metastases detected in hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes if the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method of examination was used compared to haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with Anti-Cytokeratin 19 antibody (upstaging in 16%). This shows that the examination of lymph nodes using the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method can have a certain potential to make the pulmonary tumours staging more accurate. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry with Anti-Cytokeratin 19 antibody seems to be not so useful. However, it is necessary to prove this hypothesis in follow-up studies, or where applicable, in a larger cohort of patients. Another task is to ascertain, by careful patient monitoring, the influence of the micrometastases detected in their lymph nodes using the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification method on these patients' follow-up. Key words: lung cancer - lymph nodes - H&E - IHC CK19 - OSNA assay.
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15
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Luo XL, Xie DX, Wu JX, Wu AD, Ge ZQ, Li HJ, Hu JB, Cao ZX, Gong JP. Detection of metastatic cancer cells in mesentery of colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6315-6320. [PMID: 28974898 PMCID: PMC5603498 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i34.6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the existence of isolated cancer cells in the mesentery of colorectum (named as Metastasis V), and investigate its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
METHODS Sixty-three CRC patients who received radical excision between January 2012 and September 2015 were included. All the patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted radical colorectomy or proctectomy [with complete mesocolic excision (CME) or total mesorectal excision (TME)] with R0 dissections at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The location and size of the primary lesions were recorded immediately after the tumor was removed, with the surrounding mesenterium completely separated along the intestinal wall. Each dissected mesentery sample was analyzed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry using cytokeratin 19 antibody. Image Pro Plus Software 6.0 (Media Cybernetics, CA, United States) was used to semi-quantitatively measure the concentration of the cytokeratin 19 immunohistochemistry. The correlation between metastasis found in mesentery and clinicopathological characteristics was examined. The prognosis of patients was also evaluated by preoperative serum CEA level.
RESULTS Metastasis V was detected in 14 of 63 (22.2%) CRC patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted radical colorectomy or proctectomy (with CME or TME) with R0 dissection in our hospital between January 2012 and September 2015. There was no significant difference in age, gender, tumor size, and tumor location in patients with Metastasis V (P > 0.05). Metastasis V was more likely to occur in poorly differentiated tumor (5/11; 45.5%) than moderately (8/46; 17.4%) and well- differentiated one (1/6; 16.7%). The Metastasis V in N2 stage (9/14; 64.3%) was more frequent that in the N0 stage (3/35; 8.6%) or N1 stages (2/14; 14.3%). In addition, Metastasis V was positively related to the tumor invasive depth (T1:0/1, 0%; T2:1/12, 8.3%; T3:7/39, 17.9%; T4:6/11, 54.5%). Furthermore, preoperative serum CEA level in Metastasis V-positive patients was significantly higher than in Metastasis V-negative patients (4.27 ng/mL vs 3.00 ng/mL).
CONCLUSION Metastasis V might be associated with a poor prognosis of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lai Luo
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Da-Xing Xie
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wu
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - An-Ding Wu
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zong-Qing Ge
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hai-Jie Li
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Bo Hu
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Cao
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Tongji Cancer Research Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Otsubo R, Hirakawa H, Oikawa M, Baba M, Inamasu E, Shibata K, Hatachi T, Matsumoto M, Yano H, Abe K, Taniguchi H, Nakashima M, Nagayasu T. Validation of a Novel Diagnostic Kit Using the Semidry Dot-Blot Method to Detect Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Distinguishing Macrometastases From Nonmacrometastases. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 18:e345-e351. [PMID: 28778378 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The semidry dot-blot method is a diagnostic procedure for detecting lymph node (LN) metastases using the presence of cytokeratin (CK) in lavage fluid from sectioned LNs. We evaluated 2 novel kits that use newly developed anti-CK-19 antibodies to diagnose LN metastases in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined 159 LNs dissected that we sliced at 2-mm intervals and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. The suspended cells in the lavage were centrifuged and lysed to extract protein. This extracted protein was used with a low-power and a high-power kit to diagnose LN metastasis. Diagnoses on the basis of the kits were compared with pathological diagnoses. RESULTS Of the 159 LNs, 68 were assessed as positive and 91 as negative in permanent section examination. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the low-power kit for detecting LN metastases was 83.8%, 100%, and 93.1%, respectively. Those of the high-power kit were 92.6%, 92.3%, and 92.5%, respectively. Combining the low- and high-power kit results, those for distinguishing macrometastases were 94.5%, 95.2%, and 95.0%, respectively. Diagnosis was achieved in approximately 20 minutes, at a cost of less than $30 USD. CONCLUSION The kits were accurate, fast, and cost-effective in diagnosing LN metastases without the loss of LN tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Otsubo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hirakawa
- Department of Gynecology, Aiyuukai Memorial Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oikawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan; Division of Breast Surgery, New-wa-kai Oikawa Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Baba
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiko Inamasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shibata
- Department of Surgery, The Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiko Hatachi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kuniko Abe
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, The Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Palo S, Biligi DS. Differential diagnostic significance of HBME-1, CK19 and S100 in various thyroid lesions. Malays J Pathol 2017; 39:55-67. [PMID: 28413206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due several overlapping histomorphological features and pitfalls in thyroid pathology, there is need to establish a panel of immunomarkers that would aid in proper diagnosis. This study was carried out to investigate the ability of HBME-1, CK19, and S100 in differentiating between hyperplastic, benign and malignant thyroid lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of 60 thyroidectomy specimens (10 hyperplastic nodules, 14 follicular adenomas and 36 malignant thyroid neoplasms) was carried out. The extent and intensity of HBME-1, CK19, and S100 immunoreactivity was assessed in each case. RESULTS HBME-1 positivity was noted in 86.1% of malignant cases while the majority of the benign lesions were negative. Diffuse strong CK19 positivity was documented in 27/31 papillary carcinoma whereas all cases of follicular carcinoma and medullary carcinoma were negative. Most of the hyperplastic nodules and follicular adenomas were also CK19 negative, although focal weak staining was noted in a few cases. S100 was positive only in medullary carcinoma. HBME-1 was most sensitive (86.1%) and specific (87.5%) in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. The diagnostic accuracy was further increased when HBME-1 was used simultaneously with CK19/S100/CK19+S100. The sequential use of HBME-1 and CK19 also proved beneficial in discriminating between the various follicular-patterned thyroid lesions. CONCLUSION HBME-1 immunolabeling suggests malignancy, whereas strong diffuse CK19 positivity substantiates papillary differentiation. The utilization of these markers (alone or in combination) along with histomorphological evaluation is helpful in the differential diagnosis. S100 has minimal utility in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palo
- Sanjay Gandhi Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, C-Block, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Pin 226014.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1) is a novel protein that plays an important role in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Recently, Romo1 has been suggested to have diagnostic and prognostic potential in lung cancer. However, there is no data on the diagnostic value of Romo1 level in malignant pleural effusion. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of Romo1 in pleural fluid for the diagnosis of malignant effusion in lung cancer patients. Pleural fluid Romo1 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared between lung cancer-associated malignant effusion (n = 53; 29 adenocarcinomas and 24 squamous cell carcinomas) and benign pleural effusions (n = 91; 31 tuberculous pleurisy, 30 parapneumonic effusion, and 30 transudate). The discriminative power of Romo1 for lung cancer-associated malignant effusion was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with those of other tumor markers. Median Romo1 level in lung cancer-associated malignant effusion was 99.3 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that in benign pleural effusions (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value of Romo1 to discriminate lung cancer-associated malignant effusion from benign effusions was 67.0 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 73.8% and a specificity of 84.1%. The area under the curve was 0.837 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.750-0.886), which was significantly better than that of cytokeratin 19 fragments (P < 0.001). Pleural fluid Romo1 could discriminate lung cancer from benign diseases with considerable sensitivity and specificity. Our findings suggest a diagnostic potential of Romo1 for lung cancer-associated malignant effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyeun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
| | - Myung Jae Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
| | - Sue In Choi
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho In
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kölbl AC, Wellens R, Koch J, Rack B, Hutter S, Friese K, Jeschke U, Andergassen U. Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells by RT-qPCR. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3205-3209. [PMID: 27272850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial adenocarcinoma is a frequently occurring cancer in women, accounting for 42,000 deaths every year. Despite treatment with standard therapy, occurrence of remote metastases and local recurrences is high. Through help of RT-qPCR minimal residual disease could be detected and characterized, facilitating therapeutic decision making. MATERIALS AND METHODS A number of marker genes were first tested in model systems and genes that performed best, were consequently used for the examination of 13 blood samples from endometrial carcinoma patients. RESULTS Cytokeratin 19 and MIG7 were chosen for the analysis in patient samples. Both genes were found up-regulated in small tumours and in one large tumour, but no statistical correlations could be revealed between expression levels of these two genes and tumour characteristics. CONCLUSION There seems to be a coherence between gene expression and the stage of tumorigenesis, but the number of samples is still too small, to be able to obtain statistical significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Kölbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wellens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Koch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Friese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Andergassen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kwak Y, Nam SK, Shin E, Ahn SH, Lee HE, Park DJ, Kim WH, Kim HH, Lee HS. Comparison of the Diagnostic Value Between Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay and Histopathologic Examination in Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Patients With Gastric Carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:651-9. [PMID: 27247370 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sentinel lymph node (SLN)-based diagnosis in gastric cancers has shown varied sensitivities and false-negative rates in several studies. Application of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in SLN diagnosis has recently been proposed. METHODS A total of 155 SLNs from 65 patients with cT1-2, N0 gastric cancer were examined. The histopathologic results were compared with results obtained by real-time RT-PCR for detecting molecular RNA (mRNA) of cytokeratin (CK)19, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CK20. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the multiple marker RT-PCR assay standardized against the results of the postoperative histological examination were 0.778 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.577-0.914) and 0.781 (95% CI, 0.700-0.850), respectively. In comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative diagnosis were 0.819 (95% CI, 0.619-0.937) and 1.000 (95% CI, 0.972-1.000), respectively. The positive predictive value of the multiple-marker RT-PCR assay was 0.355 (95% CI, 0.192-0.546) for predicting non-SLN metastasis, which was lower than that of intraoperative diagnosis (0.813, 95% CI, 0.544-0.960). CONCLUSIONS The real-time RT-PCR assay could detect SLN metastasis in gastric cancer. However, the predictive value of the real-time RT-PCR assay was lower than that of precise histopathologic examination and did not outweigh that of our intraoperative SLN diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjin Kwak
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Soo Kyung Nam
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eun Shin
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hee Eun Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Do Joong Park
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Beamish CA, Strutt BJ, Arany EJ, Hill DJ. Insulin-positive, Glut2-low cells present within mouse pancreas exhibit lineage plasticity and are enriched within extra-islet endocrine cell clusters. Islets 2016; 8:65-82. [PMID: 27010375 PMCID: PMC4987018 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1162367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of insulin-producing β-cells from resident pancreas progenitors requires an understanding of both progenitor identity and lineage plasticity. One model suggested that a rare β-cell sub-population within islets demonstrated multi-lineage plasticity. We hypothesized that β-cells from young mice (postnatal day 7, P7) exhibit such plasticity and used a model of islet dedifferentiation toward a ductal epithelial-cell phenotype to test this theory. RIPCre;Z/AP(+/+) mice were used to lineage trace the fate of β-cells during dedifferentiation culture by a human placental alkaline phosphatase (HPAP) reporter. There was a significant loss of HPAP-expressing β-cells in culture, but remaining HPAP(+) cells lost insulin expression while gaining expression of the epithelial duct cell marker cytokeratin-19 (Ck19). Flow cytometry and recovery of β-cell subpopulations from whole pancreas vs. islets suggest that the HPAP(+)Ck19(+) cells had derived from insulin-positive, glucose-transporter-2-low (Ins(+)Glut2(LO)) cells, representing 3.5% of all insulin-expressing cells. The majority of these cells were found outside of islets within clusters of <5 β-cells. These insulin(+)Glut2(LO) cells demonstrated a greater proliferation rate in vivo and in vitro as compared to insulin(+)Glut2(+) cells at P7, were retained into adulthood, and a subset differentiated into endocrine, ductal, and neural lineages, illustrating substantial plasticity. Results were confirmed using RIPCre;ROSA- eYFP mice. Quantitative PCR data indicated these cells possess an immature β-cell phenotype. These Ins(+)Glut2(LO) cells may represent a resident population of cells capable of forming new, functional β-cells, and which may be potentially exploited for regenerative therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Beamish
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda J. Strutt
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Edith J. Arany
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J. Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
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Govaere O, Wouters J, Petz M, Vandewynckel YP, Van den Eynde K, Van den Broeck A, Verhulst S, Dollé L, Gremeaux L, Ceulemans A, Nevens F, van Grunsven LA, Topal B, Vankelecom H, Giannelli G, Van Vlierberghe H, Mikulits W, Komuta M, Roskams T. Laminin-332 sustains chemoresistance and quiescence as part of the human hepatic cancer stem cell niche. J Hepatol 2016; 64:609-17. [PMID: 26592953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be persistent in tumours due to their chemoresistance and to cause relapse and metastasis. Hepatic carcinomas displaying hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) features have been associated with a poor prognosis, though it remains unclear how CSCs relate to these different histological subtypes. METHODS Candidate CSCs were isolated using the side population (SP) technique from primary tissue samples diagnosed as keratin(K)19-negative or -positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or as combined hepatocellular/cholangiocarcinoma and analysed for gene and protein expression. The effect of laminin-332 was analysed in vitro by using HCC cell lines and in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. RESULTS The size of the SP correlated with the degree of HPC features found in human hepatic cancer, and also showed an elevated mRNA expression of biliary/HPC markers and the extracellular matrix marker LAMC2, the gene encoding the laminin γ2-chain. Immunopositivity for the γ2-chain of laminin-332 was seen in the extracellular matrix surrounding small HPC-like tumour cells with a low proliferation rate. In vitro, laminin-332 increased K19 expression, phosphorylated mTOR and decreased phospho-histone H3 expression, indicating reduced cell mitosis. The effect of laminin-332 was enhanced upon mTORC1 inhibition and diminished when inhibiting mTORC1+C2. Resistance to doxorubicin and sorafenib treatment, and the SP fraction increased in the coated condition. In vivo, laminin-332 reduced tumour growth and sustained K19 expression. CONCLUSIONS In this study we identified a prominent role for laminin-332 as part of the specialised CSC niche in maintaining and supporting cell 'stemness', which leads to chemoresistance and quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jasper Wouters
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaela Petz
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kathleen Van den Eynde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Van den Broeck
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Dollé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lies Gremeaux
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Ceulemans
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Baki Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Department of Medical Biosciences and Human Oncology, Padiglione Semeiotica Medica, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mina Komuta
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang RZ, Yu JK, Peng J, Wang FH, Liu HY, Lui VCH, Nicholls JM, Tam PKH, Lamb JR, Chen Y, Xia HM. Role of CD56-expressing immature biliary epithelial cells in biliary atresia. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2545-2557. [PMID: 26937142 PMCID: PMC4768200 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the clinical and pathological parameters and expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56) in patients with biliary atresia (BA).
METHODS: Established clinical laboratory markers of hepatic function, including enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and bilirubin metabolism, were evaluated in patients with BA and compared with those in patients with choledochal cysts and neonatal hepatitis. Pathological changes in tissue morphology and fibrosis were examined by histological and tissue collagen staining. Immunohistochemical staining for the biliary epithelial cell markers CD56 and CK19 together with the Notch signaling related molecules Notch1 and Notch2 was performed in the context of alterations in the structure of intrahepatic biliary ducts.
RESULTS: Differences in some clinical laboratory parameters among the three diseases examined were observed, but they did not correlate with the pathological classification of fibrosis in BA. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of CD56-positive immature bile ducts in most patients (74.5%) with BA but not in patients with choledochal cysts or neonatal hepatitis. The number of CD56-expressing cells correlated with disease severity, with more positive cells present in the later stages of liver damage (81.8% vs 18.2%). Furthermore, bile plugs were mainly found in CD56-positive immature biliary ducts. Notch signaling was a key regulatory pathway in biliary duct formation and played a role in tissue fibrosis. Notch1 was co-expressed in CD56-positive cells, whereas Notch2 was found exclusively in blood vessels in the portal area of patients with BA.
CONCLUSION: The maturation of biliary epithelial cells and the expression of Notch may play a role in the pathogenesis of BA.
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Gualtero DF, Suarez Castillo A. Biomarkers in saliva for the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their potential use for early diagnosis: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:170-7. [PMID: 26577643 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the capacity of salivary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Study design A systematic review of the literature was performed based on the English titles listed in the PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, Science Direct, ISI web Science and SciELO databases using the following search descriptors: Oral cancer, diagnosis, biomarkers, saliva and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed independently by two reviewers. International checklists for assessment of methodological quality were used. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation through the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) template were recognized. The units of analysis were identified through a reference matrix. Results Through the research strategy and after application of different filters and considering choosing criteria, six studies were obtained for analysis. Salivary biomarkers for oral cancer most frequently found were mRNA and proteins for IL-8, CD44, MMP-1 and MMP-3. New peptide-biomarkers such as Cyfra 21-1 and ZNF510 were found. ZNF 510 was the only biomarker which increased in the population with tumour stage T1 + T2 and T3 + T4. Only one study showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96% when the biomarker ZNF 510 is employed to discriminate early and late tumour stages. Conclusions There is no sufficient scientific evidence to support the capacity of the identified salivary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of oral cancer (sub-clinical stages of the pathogenic period before cancer phenotypes are manifested). Salivary biomarkers, however, may be employed to discriminate between healthy and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Gualtero
- a Dental Sciences Research Group , Institución Universitaria Colegios De Colombia (UNICOC) School of Dentistry , Bogotá , D.C , Colombia
- b Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry , El Bosque University , Bogota , D.C , Colombia
| | - Angela Suarez Castillo
- a Dental Sciences Research Group , Institución Universitaria Colegios De Colombia (UNICOC) School of Dentistry , Bogotá , D.C , Colombia
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Li R, Yu L, Zhang X, Zhou X, Wang M, Zhao H. Distribution of islet hormones in human adult pancreatic ducts. Digestion 2015; 91:174-9. [PMID: 25765455 DOI: 10.1159/000371796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The source of insulin-secreting cells from adult duct system is attractive, but its clinical practice remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed at identifying the distribution of secreted hormone reactive cells in adult ducts. METHODS Consecutive pancreatic slices from nondiabetic subjects were subjected to immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to screen islet hormones (insulin; glucagon, Glu; somatostatin, Som; pancreatic polypeptide, PP) and exocrine biomarkers (cytokeratin 19, CK19; chromogranin A, CgA; amylase). All pancreatic sections were imaged using an optical or confocal microscope. RESULTS Immunostaining results showed that insulin was expressed in adult ducts, in which the cell count was more than other islet hormone immunoactive cells. CK19-positive cells are mainly distributed in the ducts, whereas CgA-labeled cells are localized in endocrine cells. The duct branches visibly exhibited cell populations that co-expressed islet hormones in exocrine cell populations. CONCLUSIONS In this report, our findings demonstrate that adult ductal cells that produce insulin may contribute to beta-cell proliferation.
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Mu X, Español-Suñer R, Mederacke I, Affò S, Manco R, Sempoux C, Lemaigre FP, Adili A, Yuan D, Weber A, Unger K, Heikenwälder M, Leclercq IA, Schwabe RF. Hepatocellular carcinoma originates from hepatocytes and not from the progenitor/biliary compartment. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3891-903. [PMID: 26348897 DOI: 10.1172/jci77995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In many organs, including the intestine and skin, cancers originate from cells of the stem or progenitor compartment. Despite its nomenclature, the cellular origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. In contrast to most organs, the liver lacks a defined stem cell population for organ maintenance. Previous studies suggest that both hepatocytes and facultative progenitor cells within the biliary compartment are capable of generating HCC. As HCCs with a progenitor signature carry a worse prognosis, understanding the origin of HCC is of clinical relevance. Here, we used complementary fate-tracing approaches to label the progenitor/biliary compartment and hepatocytes in murine hepatocarcinogenesis. In genotoxic and genetic models, HCCs arose exclusively from hepatocytes but never from the progenitor/biliary compartment. Cytokeratin 19-, A6- and α-fetoprotein-positive cells within tumors were hepatocyte derived. In summary, hepatocytes represent the cell of origin for HCC in mice, and a progenitor signature does not reflect progenitor origin, but dedifferentiation of hepatocyte-derived tumor cells.
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Choi JS, Han KH, Kim EK, Moon HJ, Yoon JH, Kim MJ. Fine-needle aspirate CYFRA 21-1, an innovative new marker for diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e811. [PMID: 25984666 PMCID: PMC4602573 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the value of cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) concentration in the fine-needle biopsy aspirates (fine needle aspirate [FNA] CYFRA 21-1) with cytopathology of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA cytology) and to assess whether CYFRA 21-1 concentrations from ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) specimens (FNA CYFRA 21-1) is not inferior to FNA cytology in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis of breast cancer patients.This study received institutional review board approval, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. US-FNAB was performed in 373 ALNs from 358 patients with invasive breast cancer. Concentrations of CYFRA 21-1 were measured from washouts of the syringe used during US-FNAB (FNA CYFRA 21-1), and ALN metastasis was determined using a cutoff value of 1.93 ng/mL. FNA cytology, intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy, and surgical pathology results were reviewed and analyzed. The noninferiority margin for the difference in accuracies between FNA cytology and FNA CYFRA 21-1 was set as 5%.Among 373 ALNs, 136 (36.5%) were benign, and 237 (63.5%) were metastatic. The mean FNA CYFRA 21-1 was significantly higher in metastatic ALNs compared to that in benign ALNs (P = 0.001). For the diagnosis of ALN metastasis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FNA CYFRA 21-1 (cutoff value 1.93 ng/mL) were not significantly different from those of FNA cytology (P > 0.05). FNA CYFRA 21-1 reached statistical noninferiority to FNA cytology in terms of diagnostic accuracy for ALN metastasis. Of the 20 ALNs (8 metastasis, 12 benign) that showed insufficient results on FNA cytology, FNA CYFRA 21-1 accurately diagnosed 15 ALNs (4 metastasis, 11 benign).The diagnostic performance of FNA CYFRA 21-1 is comparable with that of FNA cytology for breast cancer ALN metastasis. Our results indicate that FNA CYFRA 21-1, using an US-FNAB specimen, can be a useful method equal to FNA cytology in terms of diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Choi
- From the Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine (JSC, E-KK, HJM, JHY, MJK); Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center (JSC); Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (KHH)
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Wong YP, Md Isa N, Md Zin RR, Noor Akmal S. Hurthle cells in fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid: a potential diagnostic dilemma? Malays J Pathol 2015; 37:49-52. [PMID: 25890614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hurthle cells are not uncommonly encountered in thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears. They are easily recognized by their distinct cytomorphology in cytological preparations, i.e. large, polygonal cells displaying uniform, rounded nuclei, often prominent nucleoli and abundant granular cytoplasm. Hurthle cells can be seen in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions which can pose diagnostic dilemma to cytopathologists, especially when the lesions are focally sampled. We describe a case of solitary thyroid nodule in a 46-year-old male, whose aspirates comprised predominantly of Hurthle cells exhibiting nuclear features suspicious of papillary carcinoma, which turned out to be Hurthle cell carcinoma on subsequent histological sections. The potential diagnostic pitfalls of Hurthle cell lesions and associated conditions in thyroid FNA are discussed. The presence of Hurthle cell change in a wide variety of thyroid lesions can be diagnostically challenging. However, accurate diagnosis can still be made with careful observation of the predominant cell population, nuclear features and whether there is abundant colloid or lymphocytes in the background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Wong
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ehedego H, Boekschoten MV, Hu W, Doler C, Haybaeck J, Gaβler N, Müller M, Liedtke C, Trautwein C. p21 ablation in liver enhances DNA damage, cholestasis, and carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1144-55. [PMID: 25608711 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mouse studies suggest that the NF-κB pathway regulator NEMO (also known as IKKγ) controls chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in the liver. However, the molecular mechanisms explaining the function of NEMO are not well defined. Here, we report that overexpression of the cell-cycle regulator p21 is a critical feature of liver inflammation and carcinogenesis caused by the loss of NEMO. NEMO(Δhepa) mice develop chronic hepatitis characterized by increased hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation that causes the development of fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), similar to the situation in human liver disease. Having identified p21 overexpression in this model, we evaluated its role in disease progression and LPS-mediated liver injury in double mutant NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice. Eight-week-old NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) animals displayed accelerated liver damage that was not associated with alterations in cell-cycle progression or the inflammatory response. However, livers from NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice displayed more severe DNA damage that was further characterized by LPS administration correlating with higher lethality of the animals. This phenotype was attenuated by genetic ablation of the TNF receptor TNF-R1 in NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice, demonstrating that DNA damage is induced via TNF. One-year-old NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice displayed greater numbers of HCC and severe cholestasis compared with NEMO(Δhepa) animals. Therefore, p21 overexpression in NEMO(Δhepa) animals protects against DNA damage, acceleration of hepatocarcinogenesis, and cholestasis. Taken together, our findings illustrate how loss of NEMO promotes chronic liver inflammation and carcinogenesis, and they identify a novel protective role for p21 against the generation of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksier Ehedego
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Doler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nikolaus Gaβler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Hao X, Liu Y, Li X, Kang H, Qu X, He J, Hu H, Huang Y, Liu B, Yu C. An intra-operative RT-LAMP method allows rapid and reliable detection of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Virchows Arch 2014; 466:169-76. [PMID: 25427745 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid determination of metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of breast cancer patients plays a significant role in the selection of a surgery strategy. Although a previous one-step nucleic acid amplification assay that uses reverse-transcription (RT) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has showed specific advantages over traditional pathological examination, its target marker requires optimisation. In addition to epithelial-specific CK19, the internal control gene PBGD and the breast-specific PIP were included in the new method. After the RT-LAMP primers were designed and verified using a cell line, the performance of our method was evaluated by comparing it with the corresponding result of the Food and Drug Administration approved breast lymph node (BLN) assay and routine pathological examination. One hundred and seventy-four valid SLN samples from 101 patients were collected from five hospitals. The threshold of reaction time for CK19, PIP and PBGD was defined as 16, 20 and 20 min, respectively. Compared with the BLN assay, the concordance rate of our method was 95.4% (166/174). Statistical analysis revealed that the two methods are consistent (kappa = 0.890, P < 0.001). When compared with pathological examination, the performance of our method (sensitivity = 81.3%, specificity = 89.7%, kappa = 0.691, P < 0.001) was similar to that of the BLN assay (sensitivity = 87.5%, specificity = 84.9%, kappa = 0.668, P < 0.001). This result demonstrates the potential usefulness of our method in clinical practice. In conclusion, we preliminarily established an intra-operative diagnostic method that assimilates the merits of previous assays. In contrast with the BLN assay and pathological examination, our method can be completed in 30 min and shows high sensitivity, specificity and consistency, which we consider as promising for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Hao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 8 Dongdajie, Beijing, 100071, China
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Zhang Q, Zhang CS, Xin Q, Ma Z, Liu GQ, Liu BB, Wang FM, Gao YT, Du Z. Perinodular ductular reaction/epithelial cell adhesion molecule loss in small hepatic nodules. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10908-10915. [PMID: 25152593 PMCID: PMC4138470 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate if loss of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is associated with microinvasion in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in the presence of chronic hepatitis B.
METHODS: The expression of EpCAM, cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and CK19 in 112 hepatic nodules was studied, including 20 HCCs with nodules ≤ 3 cm, 26 HCCs with nodules > 3 cm, 20 high-grade dysplastic nodules, 26 cirrhotic, large regenerative nodules and 20 cases of cirrhosis.
RESULTS: Membranes of ductular reaction (DR) hepatobiliary cells, interlobular bile duct and some hepatic cells were positive for EpCAM expression. Active expression of DR/EpCAM was observed in the majority of noninvasive nodules (50/66, 75.76%); however, expression was absent in the major area of invasion in HCCs (42/46, 91.30%). DR/EpCAM loss in HCCs ≤ 3 cm was higher than in high-grade dysplastic nodules (HGDNs) (P < 0.05), cirrhotic, large regenerative nodules and cirrhosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, patients (20 HCCs ≤ 3 cm, 26 HCCs > 3 cm, 20 HGDNs) with DR/EpCAM expression had a higher overall survival rate (P < 0.01) and lower early recurrence rate (P < 0.01). DR/EpCAM expression showed a close relationship with DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 expression (P < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of DR/EpCAM was similar to that of DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 (P > 0.05). The diagnostic specificity and diagnostic accuracy were both increased when DR/EpCAM, DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 were combined (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: DR/EpCAM loss may be a useful marker for determining microinvasion in HCCs ≤ 3 cm, but also for predicting prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Area Under Curve
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/chemistry
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/virology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Down-Regulation
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
- Female
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Keratin-19/analysis
- Keratin-7/analysis
- Liver Cirrhosis/virology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Predictive Value of Tests
- ROC Curve
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden
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García-Muñoz A, Bologna-Molina R, Aldape-Barrios B, Licéaga-Escalera C, Montoya-Pérez LA, Rodríguez MA. Identification of proteins with increased levels in ameloblastic carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1183-96. [PMID: 24485979 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The comparative proteomic approach by a combination of 2-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is an attractive strategy for the discovery of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The identification of protein biomarkers associated with ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), a malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor, will potentially improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy for this malignant neoplasm. The aim of the present study was to identify highly expressed proteins in AC that could be considered as potential biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein profile of an AC was compared with the protein profiles of 3 cases of benign ameloblastoma. Proteins that showed increased levels in AC were identified using MS, and the augmented amount of some of these proteins in the malignant lesion was confirmed by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We detected a total of 782 spots in the protein profile of AC, and 19 of them, showing elevated levels compared with benign ameloblastoma, were identified using MS. These proteins have been implicated in several cellular functions, such as cell structure, metabolism, stress response, and signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of the identified proteins and the minor expression of some proteins that might inhibit tumor progression could be involved in the evolution from a benign lesion to carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Muñoz
- Assistant Professor, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México; and Departamento de Investigación, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Professor, Departamento de Investigación, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México; and Patología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Aldape-Barrios
- Professor, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Portal de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Carlos Licéaga-Escalera
- Professor, Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Juárez de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Luis A Montoya-Pérez
- Professor, Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Juárez de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Mario A Rodríguez
- Professor, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, México, D.F., México.
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Nechifor-Boila A, Borda A, Sassolas G, Hafdi-Nejjari Z, Borson-Chazot F, Lifante JC, Sturm N, Lavérriere MH, Berger N, Decaussin-Petrucci M. Immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinomas: The promising role of combined immunostaining using HBME-1 and CD56. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:585-92. [PMID: 23910176 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the expression and diagnostic value of five immunohistochemical markers (HBME-1, Galectin-3, CK19, CD56 and p63) in a very large series of unequivocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases, including both the classic (CPTC) and the follicular variant (FVPTC). We performed an immunohistochemical analysis on a tissue micro-array of 204 PTCs (98 CPTCs, 90 FVPTCs, and 16 other variants). HBME-1 was the most sensitive marker, staining 95.9% of CPTCs and 81.1% of FVPTCs. CD56, a marker whose expression is reduced or absent in thyroid carcinoma, revealed a negative, "malignant" profile in 93.9% of CPTCs and 73.3% of FVPTCs. Galectin-3, CK19 and p63 were positive in 64.7%, 45.6% and 6.9% of PTCs, respectively. The immunopanel consisting of HBME-1, CD56 and/or CK19 reached the highest sensitivity (95.6%). The co-expression of 2 or more proteins was observed in 88.2% of PTCs, with HBME-1 and CD56 being the most frequent positive association (79.4%). We report a new panel of antibodies consisting of HBME-1, CK19 and CD56 that was found to be highly sensitive for both CPTC and FVPTC. This panel could be recommended as a supplement to the morphological criteria in the diagnosis of difficult FVPTC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Nechifor-Boila
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, Târgu-Mures 540000, Romania
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Lumachi F, Santeufemia DA, Del Conte A, Mazza F, Tozzoli R, Chiara GB, Basso SMM. Carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) of type I collagen as markers of bone metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:2593-2596. [PMID: 23749913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is difficult, and 30-40% of patients with NSCLC develop bone metastases (BMs) during the course of their disease. Because the delayed demonstration of skeletal involvement may seriously affect survival, there is a need for early diagnosis of BMs. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of common serum tumor markers is low and they are used mainly for monitoring the efficacy of therapy and detection of recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a panel of serum biomarkers in patients with NSCLC and BMs. Sixteen patients (11 males, 5 females; median age=64 years, range 54-68 years) with NSCLC and BMs (cases), and 18 age- and stage-matched patients without BMs (controls) underwent measurement of serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform type 5b (TRAP5b) and amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and fragments of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA 21-1. CTX (443.7 ± 945.1 vs. 402.7 ± 28.4 pg/ml, p=0.003) and PINP (75.9 ± 11.4 vs. 64.1 ± 7.5 μg/l, p=0.001) were significantly higher in patients with BMs, while the mean value of the other markers did not differ (p=NS) between cases and controls. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 73.3%, 86.7% and 79.4% for CTX; 55.5%, 62.5% and 58.8% for CEA; 65.0%, 78.6% and 70.6% for CYFRA; 30.4%, 76.2% and 67.6% for TRAP5b; and 72.2%, 81.2% and 76.5% for PINP, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for CTX was 0.68. In conclusion, CTX and PINP measurement can be useful in monitoring patients with NSCLC during follow-up, with the aim of detecting BMs early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Lumachi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
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Hanada S, Nishiyama N, Mizuguchi S, Yamano S, Kakehashi A, Wei M, Inoue H, Komatsu H, Chung K, Suehiro S, Wanibuchi H. Clinicopathological significance of combined analysis of cytokeratin19 expression and preoperative serum CYFRA21-1 levels in human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Osaka City Med J 2013; 59:35-44. [PMID: 23909079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify a useful biomarker for human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the expression of cytokeratin19 (CK19) in human SCC tissue was investigated. In addition, we examined the significance of CK19 expression levels by immunostaining and CYFRA21-1 levels in preoperative serum, and their correlation with the clinicopathologic features of human lung SCC. METHODS To identify proteins in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues for the diagnosis and prognosis of SCC, QSTAR Elite LC-MS/MS was used. Immunostaining for CK19 was classified as either "CK19-strong" or "CK19-weak". Correlations between prognosis and both CK19 expression in tumor tissues and serum concentrations of CYFRA 21-1 were analyzed in 107 cases of lung SCC. RESULTS The upregulation of CK19 in human squamous cell carcinoma tissues was observed by LCMS/MS. The weak expression of CK19, as determined by immunostaining intensity, was a significant predictor of poorer disease-specific survival (p = 0.032). The prognosis was significantly poorer for patients with weak CK19 immunostaining in tumor tissues and a high serum concentration of CYFRA21-1 compared with the other groups (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The combination of weak CK19 expression and high serum CYFRA21-1 levels is a predictor of poorer prognosis for patients with human lung SCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Keratin-19/analysis
- Keratin-19/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Proteomics/methods
- Risk Factors
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Hanada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Yoon JH, Han KH, Kim EK, Moon HJ, Kim MJ, Suh YJ, Choi JS, Park BW. Fine-needle aspirates CYFRA 21-1 is a useful tumor marker for detecting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57248. [PMID: 23451192 PMCID: PMC3581445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To assess whether the value of CYFRA21-1 in the aspirates of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) can contribute to improving the performances of US-FNAB in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis in breast cancer patients. Methods US-FNAB was performed in 156 axillary LNs in 152 breast cancer patients (mean age: 51.4 years, range: 17–92 years). Concentrations of CYFRA21-1 were measured from washouts of the syringe used during US-FNAB. Tumor marker concentrations, US-FNAB, intraoperative sentinel node biopsy (SNB), and surgical pathology results were reviewed and analyzed. For comparison, the values of CEA and CA15-3 were also measured from washouts. Results Among the 156 LNs, 75 (48.1%) were benign, and 81 (51.9%) were metastases. Mean concentrations of CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher in metastasis compared to benign LNs (P<0.001). US-FNAB combined to CYFRA21-1 showed significantly higher sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy compared to US-FNAB alone (all values P<0.05). All diagnostic indices of US-FNAB combined to CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher compared to US-FNAB combined with CEA or CA15-3 (all P<0.001). Of the 28 metastatic LNs which showed metastasis on SNB, CYFRA21-1 showed higher positive rate of 75.0% (CEA or CA15-3∶60.7%, P = 0.076). Conclusion Measuring CYFRA 21-1 concentrations from US-FNAB aspirates improves sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy of US-FNAB alone, and may contribute to reducing up to 75.0% of unnecessary intraoperative SNB. Compared to CEA or CA15-3, CYFRA21-1 shows significantly higher performances when combined to US-FNAB in the preoperative diagnosis of LN metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Han
- Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Young Joo Suh
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Choi
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gkegkes ID, Aroni K, Agrogiannis G, Patsouris ES, Konstantinidou AE. Expression of caspase-14 and keratin-19 in the human epidermis and appendages during fetal skin development. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:379-87. [PMID: 23377137 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-14 is a seemingly non-apoptotic caspase involved in keratinocyte differentiation and cornification of the skin. Keratin-19 is an epithelial marker and a potential marker of epidermal stem cells that is expressed during human fetal skin development. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of caspase-14 in relation to CK-19 in the human fetal skin during development and perinatally, to assess their role in human skin maturation. Skin samples were received at autopsy. In the fetal epidermis, caspase-14 was predominantly expressed in the more differentiated layers, gradually disappearing from the basal layer toward term. By contrast, keratin-19 expression gradually decreased with epidermal maturation through gestation (rho = -0.949; p = 0.0001) and was a marker of the germinative layers. Keratin-19 was preserved in scarce basal cell nests at term and postnatally. Caspase-14 and keratin-19 were inversely expressed in the differentiating epidermal layers through gestation (p < 0.0001). Concerning the appendages, in hair follicles and sebaceous glands, caspase-14 located preferentially in the more differentiated layers of the inner root sheath, whereas keratin-19 was expressed in the outer sheath. Eccrine sweat glands showed a variable pattern of caspase-14 and keratin-19 expression. In conclusion, caspase-14 emerged as a marker of human skin differentiation during development, while keratin-19 marked the germinative epithelial layers in the fetal epidermis and appendages and possibly the nests of epidermal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D Gkegkes
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 M.Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Anghel I, Anghel AG, Dumitru M, Soreanu CC. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma -- analysis of risk factors and immunological markers. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2012; 107:640-645. [PMID: 23116839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the risk factors associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC)in patients admitted to the ENT Department at Coltea Clinical Hospital in order to assess the similarities and differences as compared to the epidemiological data internationally reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study on 178 cases that met the inclusion criteria from 2003 to 2011. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS There are a number of specific characteristics noticed in our study group: a larger number of cases aged over 60 than younger patients; a linear fall in number of the cases aged between 30-39 years; approximately one third of the cases did not have any of the traditional risk factors; more than 10% of the cases were associated with lymphoma, etc. CONCLUSIONS The immunologic pattern of our patients presenting undifferentiated NPC is the following: MNF116, CK19, S100, CD34betaE12, Ki67, EBV positive. The rest of the markers were negative (CerB2, EGFR, COX2, p53, CK7, CD117, VGFR, PCNA, L26/CD20, UHCL1, CD15, CD30, VIM, TTF1, CLA, CK17, CEA, LMP, CD79a, EMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Anghel
- ENT Department, Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
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Mataraci EA, Ozgüven BY, Kabukçuoglu F. Expression of cytokeratin 19, HBME-1 and galectin-3 in neoplastic and nonneoplastic thyroid lesions. POL J PATHOL 2012; 63:58-64. [PMID: 22535608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 105 cases of thyroid lesions were evaluated to assess the role of HBME-1, cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), galectin-3 in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid lesions. Thirty-seven papillary, 10 follicular, 6 medullary, 1 mixed medullary follicular cell carcinoma, 3 poorly differentiated carcinoma, 18 adenomatous nodular hyperplasia, 30 follicular adenoma cases were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with HBME-1, CK-19, galectin-3 on cross-sections derived from selected paraffin blocks. Benign and malignant lesions were compared in terms of intensity, percentage and type of staining with CK-19, HBME-1 and galectin-3, and a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found. The percentage and intensity of staining was higher in malignant lesions. Especially, strong and diffuse expressions of CK19, HBME-1 and galectin-3 were observed in papillary carcinomas. Membranous (luminal) staining was seen more frequently in malignant lesions; cytoplasmic staining in benign lesions. It was concluded that these markers could assist in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions with cellular properties suspicious for the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma and without capsule and vessel invasion. They may be used especially in cases where the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma are confused with each other and follicular adenoma cannot be differentiated from follicular carcinoma.
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Abstract
Cirrhotic nodules containing hepatocytes are surrounded by perinodular stroma, that consists of an expanded fibrous matrix and epithelial cells with ductular phenotype, the "ductular-reaction". Stromal invasion is a key histopathologic feature used to differentiate premalignant dysplastic nodules from malignant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). K19 immunoreactivity in the stromal compartment in cirrhotic explants was examined. Quantitative differences were manifested in three distinct histologically identifiable patterns: "complex" around cirrhotic nodules, "attenuated" around dysplastic nodules, and "absent" around HCC. These findings suggest marked alterations in cellular identity as an underlying mechanism for the reproducible extralesional K19 pattern that parallels progressive stages of intranodular hepatocarcinogenesis. Paracrine signalling is proposed as a link that emphasizes the importance of the epithelial-stromal compartment in malignant progression of HCC in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulette Bioulac-Sage
- GREF Inserm U1053, service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, université Bordeaux-Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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Andres C, Belloni B, Jaeger T, Puchta U, Konstantinow A, Ring J, Flaig MJ. Immunohistochemical features of Merkel cell carcinoma in correlation with presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA. Acta Derm Venereol 2011; 91:722-3. [PMID: 21681362 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Fu Y, Li G, Lakowicz JR, Zhao RY. Fluorescent metal nanoshell and CK19 detection on single cell image. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:53-7. [PMID: 21867692 PMCID: PMC3387485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the synthesis strategy and optical properties of a novel type of fluorescence metal nanoshell when it was used as imaging agent for fluorescence cell imaging. The metal nanoshells were made with 40 nm silica cores and 10nm silver shells. Unlike typical fluorescence metal nanoshells which contain the organic dyes in the cores, novel metal nanoshells were composed of Cy5-labelled monoclonal anti-CK19 antibodies (mAbs) on the external surfaces of shells. Optical measurements to the single nanoparticles showed that in comparison with the metal free labelled mAbs, the mAb-Ag complexes displayed significantly enhanced emission intensity and dramatically shortened lifetime due to near-field interactions of fluorophores with metal. These metal nanoshells were found to be able to immunoreact with target cytokeratin 19 (CK19) molecules on the surfaces of LNCAP and HeLa cells. Fluorescence cell images were recorded on a time-resolved confocal microscope. The emissions from the metal nanoprobes could be clearly isolated from the cellular autofluorescence backgrounds on the cell images as either individuals or small clusters due to their stronger emission intensities and shorter lifetimes. These emission signals could also be precisely counted on single cell images. The count number may provide an approach for quantifying the target molecules in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yi Fu
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Lima CF, Leite SFP, Carvalho YR, Cabral LAG, Balducci I, Almeida JD. Cytokeratin profile in exfoliative cytology of smokers. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011; 33:19-24. [PMID: 22125842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 6, 16, 19 and pan-cytokeratin (PAN) in oral mucosa cells between smokers and nonsmokers to determine the proliferative activity and expression indicative of a potential for malignant transformation. STUDY DESIGN Smears were obtained from the left lateral border of the tongue with a cytobrush from 25 smokers and 20 nonsmokers seen at the clinics of São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Conventional microscopy was used for qualitative analysis. Proportions were compared statistically by the z-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The expression of CK6 (p = 0.002), CK16 (p = 0.003), CK19 (p = 0.0001) and PAN (p = 0.008) was higher in oral mucosa smears from smokers compared to nonsmokers. CONCLUSION The expression of CK6 and CK16 demonstrated increased epithelial proliferation in the oral mucosa of smokers, and expression of CK19 indicated alterations in epithelial maturation. The expression of PAN indicates the need for the investigation of other types of CK in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Faig Lima
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sun X, Wang YS, Song XR, Zhong WX, Mu DB, Zhou CC, Wei LL, Li DM. [Value of intraoperative GeneSearch(TM) BLN assay to detect breast cancer metastases in sentinel lymph nodes]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2011; 33:138-141. [PMID: 21575485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of GeneSearch(TM) BLN assay as an intraoperative diagnostic method of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. METHODS Ninety consecutive patients were involved in this study. SLNs were intraoperatively identified and dissected, and then sectioned vertically to the long axis into multiple blocks. The odd blocks were tested by BLN assay and even ones prepared for frozen sectioning (FS), while all blocks were evaluated by touch imprint cytology (TIC). Post-operatively, residual tissues of the even blocks were assessed by histopathologic examination (4 - 6 µm thick serial sectioning permanent H&E slides were performed every 150 µm and one block made 6 slides). RESULTS BLN assay could be performed within less than 35 min after learning curve of 10 cases. A correlation was found between cycle time values of mammaglobin or cytokeratin-19 and size of metastases, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predict value (PPV) and negative predict value (NPV) of the assay were 95.6%, 93.3%, 96.7%, 93.3% and 96.7%, While FS had the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of 76.7%, 100%, 100%, 89.6%, and TIC of 73.3%, 100%, 100%, 88.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the assay was higher than that of FS (P = 0.07), and was significantly higher than that of FS (P = 0.04). When assessing patients with micro-metastases, the assay had a sensitivity of 85.7%, which was significantly higher than that of FS and TIC (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION GeneSearch(TM) BLN Assay can replace FS and TIC for the intraoperative assessment of SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, China
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Sethi K, Sarkar S, Das S, Rajput S, Mazumder A, Roy B, Patra S, Mohanty B, El-Naggar AK, Mandal M. Expressions of CK-19, NF-kappaB, E-cadherin, beta-catenin and EGFR as diagnostic and prognostic markers by immunohistochemical analysis in thyroid carcinoma. J Exp Ther Oncol 2011; 9:187-199. [PMID: 22070050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical markers have been proposed for thyroid cancer diagnosis and prognostic studies. Immunohistochemical analysis of CK-19, NF-kappaB, beta-catenin, E-cadherin and EGFR were done to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic efficiencies in eighty eight cancer specimen (PTC-52, FTC-16, benign nodule-12 and MNG-8). CK-19 was positive in 91% (62/68) DTC, 98% (51/52) PTC, 69% (11/16) FTC and 15% (3/20) benign thyroid nodules. NF-kappaB was expressed 93% (63/68) DTC, in 96% (50/52) PTC, 81% (11/16) FTC and 15% (3/20) benign thyroid nodules. Both CK-19 and NF-kappaB were significantly differentiated DTC, PTC and FTC from benign thyroid nodule (p < 0.0001) with diagnostic accuracy of 89.74%, 94.4% and 77.4% for CK-19 and 91.0%, 90.5% and 83.5% respectively for NF-kappaB. Though CK-19 and NF-kappaB were equally sensitive but CK-19 was most specific in the diagnosis of DTC and PTC. The diagnostic accuracy of beta-catenin was 96% and 94% and accuracy of E-cadherin was 90.1% and 93.9% for the diagnosis of metastatic PTC and FTC respectively. EGFR showed 90% (18/20) of metastatic PTC (p < 0.0001) and sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 90%, 71.8% and 78.85% respectively. CK-19 and NF-kappaB were accurately diagnosed in DTC, PTC and FTC whereas, NF-kappaB, E-cadherin, beta-catenin and EGFR were strongly expressed in invasive papillary thyroid cancers and FTC, thus can be important diagnostic and prognostic marker for FTC and metastatic PTC. This may be concluded that immunohistochemical expression of panel of markers CK-19, NF-kappaB, E-cadherin, beta-catenin and EGFR can be useful in diagnosis and prognosis of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttibas Sethi
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur -721302, India
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Zhu H, Qi JP, Wang YW, Song YJ, Zhang ZY. Hyalinizing trabecular tumor and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010; 123:2832-2835. [PMID: 21034592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is a rare thyroid neoplasm, which shares some histologic features with thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC). Clinically, it is frequently misdiagnosed as papillary carcinoma, even for some experienced pathologists. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HTT is variant of TPC or HTT is an independent entity of thyroid neoplasm. METHODS The expression of CK19, galectin-3, HBME-1 and MIB-1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining in 12 cases of hyalinizing trabecular tumor and 20 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma. RESULTS Two of the 12 HTT samples were positive or focally positive for CK19. Four of the 12 samples of HTT presented positive to galectin-3; 3 were stained strongly and the other one was focally positive. None of the 12 samples of HTT was positive for HBME-1. Five in 12 HTT samples were stained in nucleus for MIB-1. Almost all the 20 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma were intensely stained for CK19, galectin-3 and HBME-1. Fifteen in 20 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma showed nuclear staining for MIB-1. CONCLUSIONS HTT is an independent thyroid neoplasm, not a variant of TPC. This study could help in the differential diagnosis of HTT from TPC. CK19, galectin-3 and HBME-1 are adequate to identify HTT and TPC, but MIB-1 does not play an important role in discrimination between HTT and TPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Yang SH, Huang CJ, Lee CL, Liu CC, Chien CC, Chen SH. Fecal RNA detection of cytokeratin 19 and ribosomal protein L19 for colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2010; 57:710-715. [PMID: 21033215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We attempted to specifically quantify transcripts of faecal cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19) RNA expression of colorectal cancer and clarify their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and survival in combination. METHODOLOGY Solid fecal samples were collected and preserved before any treatment. Levels of faecal CK19 and RPL19 mRNA were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. An expression level higher than median value was defined as positive. RESULTS Between April 2001 and June 2007, 92 patients were recruited. The levels of both markers increased in a trend as stage. Young patients (< 67 years) were correlated with higher rate of CK19+ (p = 0.001), so were higher stages but with borderline significance (p = 0.051). CK19+ and RPL19+ were highly correlated mutually (p = 0.001). Neither CK19+ (p = 0.12) nor RPL19+ (p = 0.14) alone was a prognostic factor of disease-free interval. However, CK19+/RPL19+ was shown to be with worse prognosis (p = 0.037), but not an independent factor in multivariate analysis with stage. CONCLUSIONS Both markers were significantly higher in the patients of metastatic disease. The use of two markers will recognize the high risk group better than the single marker usage, though not reaching independent status yet. Multi-target strategy assay is suggested for fecal RNA examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shung-Haur Yang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS During development of liver fibrosis, an important source of myofibroblasts is hepatocytes, which differentiate into myofibroblasts by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In epithelial tumours and kidney fibrosis, hypoxia, through activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), is an important stimulus of EMT. Our recent studies demonstrated that HIF-1alpha is important for the development of liver fibrosis. Accordingly, the hypothesis was tested that hypoxia stimulates hepatocyte EMT by a HIF-dependent mechanism. METHODS Primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to room air or 1% oxygen and EMT evaluated. In addition, bile duct ligations (BDLs) were performed in control and HIF-1alpha-deficient mice and EMT quantified. RESULTS Exposure of hepatocytes to 1% oxygen increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, Snail and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1). Levels of E-cadherin and zona occludens-1 were decreased. Upregulation of FSP-1 and Snail by hypoxia was completely prevented in HIF-1beta-deficient hepatocytes and by pretreatment with SB431542, a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor inhibitor. HIFs promoted TGF-beta-dependent EMT by stimulating activation of latent TGF-beta1. To determine whether HIF-1alpha contributes to EMT in the liver during the development of fibrosis, control and HIF-1alpha-deficient mice were subjected to BDL. FSP-1 was increased to a greater extent in the livers of control mice when compared with HIF-1alpha-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Results from these studies demonstrate that hypoxia stimulates hepatocyte EMT by a HIF and TGF-beta-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, these studies suggest that HIF-1alpha is important for EMT in the liver during the development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Copple
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Sparks EE, Huppert KA, Brown MA, Washington MK, Huppert SS. Notch signaling regulates formation of the three-dimensional architecture of intrahepatic bile ducts in mice. Hepatology 2010; 51:1391-400. [PMID: 20069650 PMCID: PMC2995854 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alagille syndrome, a chronic hepatobiliary disease, is characterized by paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs). To determine the impact of Notch signaling specifically on IHBD arborization, we studied the influence of both chronic gain and loss of Notch function on the intact three-dimensional IHBD structure using a series of mutant mouse models and a resin casting method. Impaired Notch signaling in bipotential hepatoblast progenitor cells (BHPCs) dose-dependently decreased the density of peripheral IHBDs, whereas activation of Notch1 results in an increased density of peripheral IHBDs. Although Notch2 has a dominant role in IHBD formation, there is also a redundant role for other Notch receptors in determining the density of peripheral IHBDs. Because changes in IHBD density do not appear to be due to changes in cellular proliferation of bile duct progenitors, we suggest that Notch plays a permissive role in cooperation with other factors to influence lineage decisions of BHPCs and sustain peripheral IHBDs. CONCLUSION There is a threshold requirement for Notch signaling at multiple steps, including IHBD tubulogenesis and maintenance, during hepatic development that determines the density of three-dimensional peripheral IHBD architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Sparks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kari A. Huppert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melanie A. Brown
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacey S. Huppert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Zhang X, Zheng PS. [Expression and significance of CK7 and CK19 in colon cancer]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2010; 26:157-158. [PMID: 20230678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To detect the cytokeratin (CK) genes expression in the colon cancer, and investigate the expression variability in different pathological types and clinical stages. METHODS The CK gene expression pattern in normal colon, colon cancer tissues and colon cancer cell lines were analyzed by using Immunohistochemical, Immunocytochemical and Western blot ways. RESULTS CK7 and CK19 didn't express in normal colon tissues. CK7 was low or not expressed in the colon cancer, and CK19 was highly expressed in the colon cancer. There were significant deviation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION CK7 and CK19 may be correlated with the carcinogenesis of colon cancer, and CK7-)/CK19+ may be one of the expression characteristics in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
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