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Thakore VP, Patel KD, Vora HH, Patel PS, Jain NK. Up-regulation of extracellular-matrix and inflammation related genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105925. [PMID: 38442470 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy with late-presentation, site-specific heterogeneity, and high-propensity for recurrence/metastasis that has shown rise in mortality. Lately, research emphasize on dynamic interactions between tumor-cells and extracellular-matrix components within tumor-microenvironment that promote tissue integrity loss and carcinogenesis. Therefore, OSCC clinical-management is still challenging. DESIGN Present study validated clinical utility of a 13 gene-panel in two chief sub-sites of OSCC: Buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) (N = 50) and Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) (N = 52) using qRT-PCR. Principal component analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to acquire definite multi gene models. Protein expression analysis was employed using the Human Protein Atlas, UALCAN and TIMER 2.0 databases to explore potential correlation between immune cells and gene-panels. RESULTS Significant up-regulation of CXCL8, CXCL10, FN1, GBP1, IFIT3, ISG15, MMP1, MMP3, MMP10, PLAU, SERPINE1 and SPP1 except OASL was observed in OSCC tissue in comparison of absolute normal controls. Although, this gene-panel could potentially discriminate OSCC tissues from absolute normal controls as solitarily diagnostic and/or predictive biomarkers, models generated also showed substantial discriminating efficacy. Eight-genes were found to be significantly associated with poor-prognosis on clinico-pathological association. Protein-expression confirmed overexpression of gene-panel and added advantage of being secretory-protein. Importantly, up-regulated genes in our study showed significant relation with immune-cells infiltration suggesting their contribution in immune-escape. CONCLUSION Thus, we propose that the 13 gene-panel could pave the way to effective and personalized clinical-management of OSCC in terms of diagnostic and prognostic measures and thereby as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi P Thakore
- Life Science Department, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinjal D Patel
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemangini H Vora
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Life Science Department, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
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Patoliya J, Thaker K, Rabadiya K, Patel D, Jain NK, Joshi R. Uncovering the Interaction Interface Between Harpin (Hpa1) and Rice Aquaporin (OsPIP1;3) Through Protein-Protein Docking: An In Silico Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:756-768. [PMID: 36807270 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Hpa1 (a type of harpin) is involved in T3SS (Type III Secretion System) assembly in the infection mechanism by Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Hpa1 interacts with the plasma membrane components of plants thereby assisting effector proteins toward the cytoplasm, wherein effectors execute their pathological functions. Independently, harpins also induce hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance in plants. However, lack of knowledge regarding the plant-harpin interaction mechanism constrains the pathway of its agricultural application. Although an in vitro study proved that Hpa1 protein can interact with OsPIP1;3, a rice aquaporin, the structural basis of the interaction is yet to be discovered. The presented work is the first of its kind where an in silico approach is used for the PPI (protein-protein interaction) of harpin protein. The study discovered participation of Hpa1 N-terminal amino acids at the interface. Besides, MD simulation studies were performed to assess the stability. RMSD values were 0.35 ± 0.049, 0.73 ± 0.11, and 0.50 ± 0.065 nm for OsPIP1;3, Hpa1, and Hpa1-OsPIP1;3 complex, respectively. Additionally, Residue-wise fluctuations have also been studied post-MDS. Taken together, these findings not only give a solid foundation for a deeper knowledge of various interacting target molecules with Harpin protein orthologs but also bring a new avenue for the structural-functional relationship study of harpin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimini Patoliya
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Khushali Thaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Khushbu Rabadiya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Department of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Vora A, Mehta P, Arora VK, Behera D, Kar A, Katiyar SK, Samaria JK, Koul P, Jaychandra A, Singh BP, Kandi S, Nazir Shah N, Jain NK, Najeeb R, Ahmad S, Najib R, Faisal M, Dewan B. Aviptadil: A promising treatment option for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 70:510-511. [PMID: 37968060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agam Vora
- Vora Clinic, Borivali West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parthiv Mehta
- Mehta Hospital, Drive-in Road, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - V K Arora
- Arora Clinic, C151, Sector 51, Kendriya Vihar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Behera
- Department of Pulmonology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Arindam Kar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Girgaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S K Katiyar
- Chest Care Centre, Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J K Samaria
- Samaria Multi-Speciality & Chest Centre, Kabir Nagar Colony, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parvaiz Koul
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - A Jaychandra
- Department of Pulmonology, Care Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B P Singh
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care, Midland Healthcare & Research Center, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Naveed Nazir Shah
- Chest Disease Hospital, Buchwara, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N K Jain
- 57/58, Shastri Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rukhsana Najeeb
- SMHS Hospital, Karan Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sadiq Ahmad
- SMHS Hospital, Karan Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rayees Najib
- SMHS Hospital, Karan Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mir Faisal
- Magarmal Bagh, Near Shifa Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhupesh Dewan
- Department of Medical Services, Zuventus Healthcare Limited, Zuventus House, Plot Y2, CTS No.: 358/A2, Near Nahur Railway Station, Nahur West, Mumbai 400078, Maharashtra, India.
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Chaudhary H, Patel J, Jain NK, Panchal S, Laddha N, Joshi R. Association of FTO gene variant rs9939609 with polycystic ovary syndrome from Gujarat, India. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:216. [PMID: 37710301 PMCID: PMC10500741 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome is a multifactorial endocrine disorder impacting women of reproductive age. Variations within the FTO gene have been linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given that PCOS is frequently associated with obesity and compromised glucose tolerance, we investigated the prevalence of the rs9939609 variant within the FTO gene among women diagnosed with PCOS and a control group. Our aim is to uncover potential correlations between this genetic variant, metabolic attributes, and endocrine markers within the Gujarat province of India. METHOD We enrolled a total of 114 participants, (62 individuals diagnosed with PCOS and 52 healthy controls). DNA extraction from venous blood was conducted for all participants. The rs9939609 polymorphism was investigated through tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we performed biochemical assessments to quantify levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total testosterone, prolactin (PRL), and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Statistical analyses were carried out utilizing SPSS version 21 (IBM, USA). RESULTS The present study did not reveal any noteworthy association between cases and controls. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles within the cohorts displayed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.25, p = 0.68, and p = 0.78, respectively). The dominant model indicated a modest risk (OR:1.13, 95%CI: 0.55 to 2.38) toward PCOS development. There was a noticeable statistical difference observed in the levels of total testosterone, DHEAS, and BMI between the case and control groups (p < 0.002, p < 0.0002, p < 0.0008). However, no variations in clinical variables were observed among genotypes within the PCOS group. CONCLUSION This is the first study to investigate the association of FTO gene polymorphism and PCOS in Gujarati population. Our study findings indicate that the FTO gene variant is not directly linked to the onset of PCOS. However, it appears to exert an influence on metabolic factors such as obesity and insulin resistance. Notably, our results suggest that insulin resistance is more frequently observed among PCOS patients who are obese, as compared to those with non-obese PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Department of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonal Panchal
- Dr. Nagori's Institute for Infertility and IVF, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh Laddha
- In Vitro Specialty Lab Pvt Ltd, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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Bhatt P, Sethi A, Tasgaonkar V, Shroff J, Pendharkar I, Desai A, Sinha P, Deshpande A, Joshi G, Rahate A, Jain P, Walambe R, Kotecha K, Jain NK. Machine learning for cognitive behavioral analysis: datasets, methods, paradigms, and research directions. Brain Inform 2023; 10:18. [PMID: 37524933 PMCID: PMC10390406 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human behaviour reflects cognitive abilities. Human cognition is fundamentally linked to the different experiences or characteristics of consciousness/emotions, such as joy, grief, anger, etc., which assists in effective communication with others. Detection and differentiation between thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are paramount in learning to control our emotions and respond more effectively in stressful circumstances. The ability to perceive, analyse, process, interpret, remember, and retrieve information while making judgments to respond correctly is referred to as Cognitive Behavior. After making a significant mark in emotion analysis, deception detection is one of the key areas to connect human behaviour, mainly in the forensic domain. Detection of lies, deception, malicious intent, abnormal behaviour, emotions, stress, etc., have significant roles in advanced stages of behavioral science. Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning (AI/ML) has helped a great deal in pattern recognition, data extraction and analysis, and interpretations. The goal of using AI and ML in behavioral sciences is to infer human behaviour, mainly for mental health or forensic investigations. The presented work provides an extensive review of the research on cognitive behaviour analysis. A parametric study is presented based on different physical characteristics, emotional behaviours, data collection sensing mechanisms, unimodal and multimodal datasets, modelling AI/ML methods, challenges, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhatt
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Amanrose Sethi
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Vaibhav Tasgaonkar
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Jugal Shroff
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Isha Pendharkar
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Aditya Desai
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Pratyush Sinha
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Aditya Deshpande
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Gargi Joshi
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Anil Rahate
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Delhi, India
| | - Rahee Walambe
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India.
- Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India.
| | - Ketan Kotecha
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India.
- Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India.
- UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - N K Jain
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Delhi, India
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Ratnamala U, Jain NK, Jhala DD, Prasad PV, Saiyed N, Nair S, Radhakrishna U. An Updated Mutation Spectrum of the γ-Secretase Complex: Novel NCSTN Gene Mutation in an Indian Family with Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Acne Conglobata. Indian J Dermatol 2023; 68:141-147. [PMID: 37275792 PMCID: PMC10238988 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_995_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a complex, chronic inflammatory skin disorder whose pathophysiology is poorly understood. Genetic studies have shown that HS is predisposed by mutations in the γ-secretase gene, but only a proportion of familial and partial sporadic cases have been shown to possess such mutations. HS has high genetic heterogeneity and is thought to be triggered by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Aims The study aimed to investigate the genetic causes of HS in a large cohort of patients and to update the mutation spectrum of γ-secretase complex genes. Methods We conducted mutational screening of 95 sporadic HS cases and one large family with both HS and acne conglobata (AC) to identify mutations in the coding and splice junction region of γ-secretase complex genes (nicastrin (NCSTN), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin enhancer 2 (PSENEN), and aph-1 homolog B, gamma-secretase subunit (APH1B)). Results Our study identified a nucleotide substitution of 1876C>T in the NCSTN gene, which caused a stop codon (p.Arg626X) in the affected members of a large family with HS and AC. No pathogenic variants were detected in 95 sporadic cases of HS, indicating there is possible genetic heterogeneity. Conclusion We report a new family with a nonsense mutation in the NCSTN gene that supports the role of the γ-secretase complex genes in HS with AC. The updated γ-secretase mutation spectrum for HS now includes 78 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uppala Ratnamala
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan K. Jain
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Nazia Saiyed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Sreelatha Nair
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lifeline Super Speciality Hospital, Adoor, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Mirza S, Penny C, Jain NK, Rawal RM. Curcumin mediated dendritic cell maturation by modulating cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNA-146a. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S649-S657. [PMID: 38384034 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1286_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), being a main component of tumor microenvironment (TME), are known to modulate immune response through secretion of various growth hormones, exosomes carrying miRNAs and cytokines; their effect on dendritic cells (DCs) are yet to be elucidated. Thus, aim of this study was to assess the effect of miRNAs and cytokines released by lung-CAFs and to evaluate immunomodulatory potential of curcumin on DC maturation through modulating their TME. MATERIAL AND METHODS To check the effect of CAFs derived exosomes on DC maturation, we cultured imDCs in the presence of CAFs derived conditioned media (CAFs-CM) and characterized by the presence of maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86 and CTLA4 using qRT-PCR. Additionally, expression of miR-221, miR-222, miR-155, miR-142-3p and miR-146a was assessed to evaluate the role of epigenetic regulators on DC maturation. Likewise, cytokine profiling of CAFs-CM as well as CAFs-CM treated with curcumin was also conducted using ELISA. RESULTS Results revealed the generation of regulatory DCs which were characterized by decreased expression of maturation markers in the presence of CAFs-CM. In addition, such DCs showed higher expression of epigenetic regulator miR-146a which was positively correlated with increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and decreased expression of TNF-α (pro-inflammatory). Moreover, curcumin had the potential to convert regulatory DCs generated by CAFs into mDCs, which were characterized by high expression of co-stimulatory molecules, low expression of CTLA4, lower levels of immune suppressive cytokines production and lower levels of miR-146a. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings provide insight into understanding the immunomodulatory role of curcumin in targeting CAFs and modulating TME, thus enhancing antitumor immune response in DC based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Thakore VP, Patel KD, Bhadresha KP, Patel PS, Jain NK. An integrative analysis to enumerate candidate genes for clinical use in oral cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:S182-S190. [PMID: 36510962 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1607_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral cancer (OC) is the most pernicious sub-site of head and neck tumours with poor prognostic value that is largely ascribed to the lack of ideal biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This fact highlights an urgent need to identify biomarkers that can further aid in OC management. Aim The aim of this study was to identify a gene panel with a maximum clinical utility for OC. Materials and Methods Eight eligible datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database, containing 320OC samples and 173 normal samples. The data were processed by GeneSpring software to reveal differentially expressed genes between OC tissues and normal tissues in eight individual experiments. Functional enrichment and network analysis were performed using PANTHER and STRING databases for concordant genes (fold change >10; P ≤ 0.05). The selected genes were cross-validated in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Oncomine, and KaplanMeier (KM) plotter databases. Results Totally, 65 concordant genes were identified, including 37 up-regulated genes and 28 down-regulated genes. A 13-gene panel CXCL8, CXCL10, FN1, GBP1, IFIT3, ISG15, MMP1, MMP3, MMP10, OASL, SERPINE1, SPP1, and PLAU was elected from the lists of functionally enriched genes, hub genes, and genes that showed high alterations for mutation, copy number variation, and mRNA expression status in 'Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients (n = 279; TCGA, Nature 2015)'. Further, validation in Oncomine database demonstrated significant over-expression of all elected genes in OC patients across multiple datasets. In addition, out of 13, six genes (CXCL8, CXCL10, FN1, PLAU, SERPINE1, and SPP1) showed significant association with the prognosis of Head and Neck cancer patients (n = 500) in the KM plotter database. Conclusions Using an integrative analysis, our study investigated and validated a 13-gene panel for OC which can be used to improve current diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi P Thakore
- Department of Life Science, School of Science, Gujarat University; Department of Cancer Biology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinjal D Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinjal P Bhadresha
- Department of Life Science, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Department of Life Science, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Dheeraj A, Shukla C, Tailor D, Jain NK, Stefan K, Patel CD, Modi R, Khamar BM, Malhotra SV. Abstract 4232: TLR2 agonist as a novel therapeutic approach to treat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of <10% due to late stage diagnosis and poor clinical outcome with existing therapies. PDAC displays a high degree of tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with lower tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). These factors contribute to resistance against chemotherapies and immunotherapies. Immunotherapies have shown activities across different tumor types including chemotherapy or targeted therapy resistant cancers however these options have little efficacy in the PDAC tumor. Here, in this study we tested the efficacy of gemcitabine in combination with Cadi-05 (TLR2 agonist) against established murine PDAC tumor models (Pan02 in C57/BL6 and 688M in B6129SF1/J). Animals were randomized to receive gemcitabine, Cadi-05, their combination or no treatment when they had tumor size ≈ 50 mm3, 65mm3 and 100 mm3. The weekly treatment of gemcitabine, Cadi-05 and their combination inhibited the tumor progression across all tumor sizes. At the end of study, PBMC and tumors were collected and analyzed for different immune parameters. Results revealed that Cadi-05 treatment alone was associated with increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PBMC as well as amongst TIL with significant decrease in their expression of immunosuppressive markers like FOXP3 and PD-1. Its combination with gemcitabine synergized the effect of each other. There was further increase in absolute TIL as well as TIL expressing CD4+ and CD8+ markers with decrease in FOXP3 and PD-1 expressing CD4+ and CD8+ TIL. Inhibition of tumor progression was associated with improved effector function of PBMC. Synergy between Cadi-05 and gemcitabine was also evident in effector function. In presence of established tumor, TLR2 agonist Cadi-05 improves effector function, increases CD4+ and CD8+ expressing TIL, decreases immune suppressive TIL and retards tumor growth. Our study suggests that combination of gemcitabine and Cadi-05 inhibits the tumor growth irrespective of its size and it is coupled with increased anti-tumor response and decreased immunosuppressive function
Citation Format: Arpit Dheeraj, Chandreshwar Shukla, Dhanir Tailor, Nayan K. Jain, Kirsten Stefan, Chintan D. Patel, Rajiv Modi, Bakulesh M. Khamar, Sanjay V. Malhotra. TLR2 agonist as a novel therapeutic approach to treat pancreatic adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4232.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Modi
- 2Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
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Chaudhary H, Patel J, Jain NK, Joshi R. The role of polymorphism in various potential genes on polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility and pathogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:125. [PMID: 34563259 PMCID: PMC8466925 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathies affecting the early reproductive age in women, whose pathophysiology perplexes many researchers till today. This syndrome is classically categorized by hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia, menstrual and ovulatory dysfunction, bulky multi follicular ovaries on Ultrasonography (USG), and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity. The etiopathogenesis of PCOS is not fully elucidated, but it seems that the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, ovarian, and/or adrenal androgen secretion may contribute to developing the syndrome. Infertility and poor reproductive health in women's lives are highly associated with elevated levels of androgens. Studies with ovarian theca cells taken from PCOS women have demonstrated increased androgen production due to augmented ovarian steroidogenesis attributed to mainly altered expression of critical enzymes (Cytochrome P450 enzymes: CYP17, CYP21, CYP19, CYP11A) in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Despite the heterogeneity of PCOS, candidate gene studies are the widely used technique to delineate the genetic variants and analyze for the correlation of androgen biosynthesis pathway and those affecting the secretion or action of insulin with PCOS etiology. Linkage and association studies have predicted the relationship between genetic variants and PCOS risk among families or populations. Several genes have been proposed as playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS, and the presence of mutations and/or polymorphisms has been discovered, which suggests that PCOS has a vital heritable component. The following review summarizes the influence of polymorphisms in crucial genes of the steroidogenesis pathway leading to intraovarian hyperandrogenism which can result in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Nayan K. Jain
- Department of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
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Bhadresha KP, Jain NK, Rawal RM. Assessing the Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera Extract against Bone Metastasis: An In Vitro Simulated Digestion Approach. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1023-1036. [PMID: 34170200 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1933099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera possesses numerous advantageous effects like anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, leaves contain a high multiplicity of the bioactive compound; however, little is identified about its bioaccessibility. The objective of this study was to assess the bioefficacy, bioaccessible and anticancer activity of Moringa oleifera in a PC3 cell line before and after simulated in vitro digestion. Digested and non-digested extracts were prepared and evaluated for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometric analysis and LCMS analysis. Cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, cell cycle, Glutathione level, and gene expression study were tested with Moringa oleifera (MO) and digested Moringa oleifera (DMO). Results revealed that total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and TAC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after in vitro digestion. Furthermore, biological activity against the PC3 cell line showed that DMO extracts significant cytotoxic and reduced cell vitality compared to the MO. In addition, DMO extract had a noteworthy effect in apoptosis and inhibiting the colony formation ability; while cell cycle was blocked in S phase by both extracts but significant effect showed in DMO. These studies have increased understanding of the influence of in vitro simulation digestion on the biological activity effect of M. oleifera against prostate cancer bone metastasis.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1933099 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal P Bhadresha
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Soni R, Jain NK, Shah V, Soni J, Suthar D, Gohel P. Development of probiotic yogurt: effect of strain combination on nutritional, rheological, organoleptic and probiotic properties. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:2038-2050. [PMID: 32431330 PMCID: PMC7230091 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Seven combinations of yogurt; C1 [yogurt starter culture (YSC)], T1, [YSC + Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA)], T2 [YSC + Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB)], T3 [YSC + Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)], T4 [YSC + Lactobacillus casei (LC)], T5 [YSC + LA + BB] and T6 [YSC + LP + LC] were developed. Nutritional [proximate and minerals], rheological [total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), water holding capacity, synersis, viscosity] organoleptic and probiotic properties [viability, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance] were assessed with standard methods. Nutritional composition differed significantly among samples except for the iron and zinc (P < 0.05). Yogurt containing LP as single or in combination with LC resulted in significantly higher ash, protein, calcium and phosphorous level. Probiotic combination also significantly affected the rheological properties of yogurts (P < 0.05). Yogurt with LP and LC as single or in combination lead to significantly higher TSS and viscosity while significantly low syneresis, whereas yogurt with LA as single or in combination resulted in low pH and high TA (P < 0.05). Interestingly, combination of LA and BB increased TSS, reduced pH and syneresis as compare to these bacteria as single probiotic source. Panel experts found yogurt with LP more flavourful. Combination of multi-strain and multi-species probiotic resulted in improved texture but we found no significant difference in overall acceptability. Combination of probiotic strains also resulted in better probiotic potential with multi-species combination found to be even more effective. BB seemed more stable than three other probiotic strains. The present study can be helpful to dairy industry in developing new probiotic products and may provide a rational for selecting a combination of probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Soni
- Present Address: Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Life Science, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nayan K. Jain
- Present Address: Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Life Science, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vidhi Shah
- Present Address: Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Life Science, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jinal Soni
- Present Address: Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Life Science, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dipali Suthar
- Present Address: Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Life Science, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Priyal Gohel
- Present Address: Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Life Science, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Mohan A, Madan K, Hadda V, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Guleria R, Khilnani GC, Luhadia SK, Solanki RN, Gupta KB, Swarnakar R, Gaur SN, Singhal P, Ayub II, Bansal S, Bista PR, Biswal SK, Dhungana A, Doddamani S, Dubey D, Garg A, Hussain T, Iyer H, Kavitha V, Kalai U, Kumar R, Mehta S, Nongpiur VN, Loganathan N, Sryma PB, Pangeni RP, Shrestha P, Singh J, Suri T, Agarwal S, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Agrawal G, Arora SS, Thangakunam B, Behera D, Jayachandra, Chaudhry D, Chawla R, Chawla R, Chhajed P, Christopher DJ, Daga MK, Das RK, D'Souza G, Dhar R, Dhooria S, Ghoshal AG, Goel M, Gopal B, Goyal R, Gupta N, Jain NK, Jain N, Jindal A, Jindal SK, Kant S, Katiyar S, Katiyar SK, Koul PA, Kumar J, Kumar R, Lall A, Mehta R, Nath A, Pattabhiraman VR, Patel D, Prasad R, Samaria JK, Sehgal IS, Shah S, Sindhwani G, Singh S, Singh V, Singla R, Suri JC, Talwar D, Jayalakshmi TK, Rajagopal TP. Guidelines for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: Joint Indian Chest Society/National College of chest physicians (I)/Indian association for bronchology recommendations. Lung India 2019; 36:S37-S89. [PMID: 32445309 PMCID: PMC6681731 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_108_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is commonly performed by respiratory physicians for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. However, bronchoscopy practices vary widely across India and worldwide. The three major respiratory organizations of the country supported a national-level expert group that formulated a comprehensive guideline document for FB based on a detailed appraisal of available evidence. These guidelines are an attempt to provide the bronchoscopist with the most scientifically sound as well as practical approach of bronchoscopy. It involved framing appropriate questions, review and critical appraisal of the relevant literature and reaching a recommendation by the expert groups. The guidelines cover major areas in basic bronchoscopy including (but not limited to), indications for procedure, patient preparation, various sampling procedures, bronchoscopy in the ICU setting, equipment care, and training issues. The target audience is respiratory physicians working in India and well as other parts of the world. It is hoped that this document would serve as a complete reference guide for all pulmonary physicians performing or desiring to learn the technique of flexible bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Hadda
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Tiwari
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - GC Khilnani
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SK Luhadia
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - RN Solanki
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - KB Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Swarnakar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SN Gaur
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Singhal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Irfan Ismail Ayub
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Bansal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashu Ram Bista
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiba Kalyan Biswal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashesh Dhungana
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Doddamani
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Dubey
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Avneet Garg
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hariharan Iyer
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkatnarayan Kavitha
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Umasankar Kalai
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swapnil Mehta
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Noel Nongpiur
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Loganathan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - PB Sryma
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raju Prasad Pangeni
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prajowl Shrestha
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jugendra Singh
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tejas Suri
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandip Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra Agrawal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suninder Singh Arora
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Balamugesh Thangakunam
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Behera
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayachandra
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhry
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Chawla
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Chawla
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Chhajed
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devasahayam J Christopher
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - MK Daga
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjan K Das
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - George D'Souza
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Dhar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahajal Dhooria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aloke G Ghoshal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Goel
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharat Gopal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Goyal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - NK Jain
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Jain
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Jindal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SK Jindal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Katiyar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SK Katiyar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parvaiz A Koul
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Lall
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mehta
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Nath
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - VR Pattabhiraman
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharmesh Patel
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - JK Samaria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Inderpaul Singh Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shirish Shah
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Girish Sindhwani
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetu Singh
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupak Singla
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - JC Suri
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Talwar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - TK Jayalakshmi
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - TP Rajagopal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Saha A, Bhaduri D, Pipariya A, Jain NK. Influence of imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl application on microbial biomass and enzymatic activity in peanut grown soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:23758-23771. [PMID: 27623852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to examine the degradation and impact of two post-emergence herbicides (imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl) on soil ecosystems at a half recommended rate (HRE), recommended rate (RE), and double recommended rate (DRE) during kharif peanut cultivation. Herbicides were innocuous to soil microbial activity at HRE, however, showed some significant influences at RE and DRE, and exerted temporary toxic effects on microbial biomass carbon and fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity. Dehydrogenase activity also declined for a shorter period except imazethapyr application at DRE. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited whereas alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated between promotion and inhibition, but promotion was predominant suggesting a direct role of alkaline soil environment. Soil NH4+ and NO3- nitrogen were increased by the herbicides at initial (after 7 days) and last phases (after 30 days), respectively. After an early period of inhibition, urease activity returned to the control level after 30 days. Dissipation of imazethapyr residues fitted best to bi-exponential order rate kinetics at DRE and RE, whereas it followed first-order rate kinetics at HRE. The residues of quizalofop-p-ethyl were found only up to 1 day after application suggesting its rapid conversion to active acid metabolites. Both the herbicides had transient harmful effects on most of the soil microbiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Saha
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India.
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (DMAPR), Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat, 387 310, India.
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
| | - Ashvin Pipariya
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
| | - N K Jain
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
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Bhatt TC, Muralidharan CG, Singh G, Jain NK. Kommerell's diverticulum: A rare aortic arch anomaly. Med J Armed Forces India 2016; 72:S80-S83. [PMID: 28050078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalies of the aortic arch associated with diverticulum are rare. We present a case of incidentally detected right-sided aortic arch with Kommerell's diverticulum and aberrant left subclavian artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Bhatt
- Graded Specialist (Radiology), INHS Kalyani, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C G Muralidharan
- Senior Adviser (Radiodiagnosis), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - Giriraj Singh
- Senior Adviser (Radiodiagnosis), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - N K Jain
- Classified Specialist (Radiodiagnosis), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
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Ratnamala U, Jhala D, Jain NK, Saiyed NM, Raveendrababu M, Rao MV, Mehta TY, Al-Ali FM, Raval K, Nair S, Chandramohan NK, Kuracha MR, Nath SK, Radhakrishna U. Expanding the spectrum ofγ-secretase gene mutation-associated phenotypes: two novel mutations segregating with familial hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) and acne conglobata. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:314-6. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uppala Ratnamala
- Department of Pharmacology; Creighton University; Omaha NE USA
- Department of Life Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Devendrasinh Jhala
- Department of Zoology; School of Science; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Nayan K. Jain
- Department of Life Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Nazia M. Saiyed
- Department of Biotechnology; Institute of Science; Nirma University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Meda Raveendrababu
- Department of Zoology; School of Science; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Mandava V. Rao
- Department of Zoology; School of Science; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Timir Y. Mehta
- Samarpan Medical & Research Organization on Skin; Modasa India
| | - Faiza M. Al-Ali
- Dermatology Centre; Rashid Hospital; Dubai Health Authority; Dubai UAE
| | - Kavi Raval
- Department of Radiology; Sinai-Grace Hospital; Detroit MI USA
| | - Sreelatha Nair
- Department of Fetal Medicine; Lifeline Genetics and Research Centre; Lifeline Hospital; Adoor India
| | | | | | - Swapan K. Nath
- Arthritis and Immunology Research Program; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Green Cross Voluntary Blood Bank; Ahmedabad India
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine; Royal Oak MI USA
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Kaur A, Jain K, Mehra NK, Jain NK. Development and characterization of surface engineered PPI dendrimers for targeted drug delivery. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2016; 45:414-425. [PMID: 27027686 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1160912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported folate-conjugated polypropylene imine dendrimers (FA-PPI) as efficient carrier for model anticancer drug, methotrexate (MTX), for pH-sensitive drug release, selective targeting to cancer cells, and anticancer activity. In the in vitro drug release studies this nanoconjugate of MTX showed initial rapid release followed by gradual slow release, and the drug release was found to be pH sensitive with greater release at acidic pH. The ex vivo investigations with human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, showed enhanced cytotoxicity of MTX-FA-PPI with significantly enhanced intracellular uptake. The biofate of nanoconjugate was determined in Wistar rat where MTX-FA-PPI showed 37.79-fold increase in the concentration of MTX in liver after 24 h in comparison with free MTX formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avleen Kaur
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Keerti Jain
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.,b National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER Raebareli) , Raebareli , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.,c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A & M Health Science Center, Texas A & M University , Kingsville , TX , USA
| | - N K Jain
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.,d School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
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Saha A, Shabeer T P A, Banerjee K, Hingmire S, Bhaduri D, Jain NK, Utture S. Simultaneous analysis of herbicides pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl by LC-MS/MS and safety evaluation of their harvest time residues in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:4001-14. [PMID: 26139867 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a simple and rapid method for simultaneous determination of the residues of selected herbicides viz. pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl in peanut by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A modified approach of the QuEChERS methodology was used to extract the herbicides from the peanut kernel without any clean-up. The method showed excellent linearity (r(2) > 0.99) with no significant matrix effect. Accuracy of the method in terms of average recoveries of all the four herbicides ranged between 69.4 -94.4 % at spiking levels of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25 mg kg(-1) with intra-day and inter-day precision RSD (%) between 2.6-16.6 and 8.0-11.3, respectively. Limit of quantification (LOQs) was 5.0 μg kg(-1) for pendimethalin, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl and 10.0 μg kg(-1) for oxyfluorfen. The expanded uncertainties were <11 % for determination of these herbicides in peanut. The proposed method was successfully applied for analysis of these herbicide residues in peanut samples harvested from the experimental field and the residues were below the detection level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Saha
- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Ahammed Shabeer T P
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Hingmire
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - N K Jain
- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Sagar Utture
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis, which is also known as Kala-Azar, is one of the most severely neglected tropical diseases recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). The threat of this debilitating disease continues due to unavailability of promising drug therapy or human vaccine. An extensive research is undergoing to develop a promising vaccine to prevent this devastating disease. In this review we compiled the findings of recent research with a view to facilitate knowledge on experimental vaccinology for visceral leishmaniasis. Various killed or attenuated parasite based first generation vaccines, second generation vaccines based on antigenic protein or recombinant protein, and third generation vaccines derived from antigen-encoding DNA plasmids including heterologous prime-boost Leishmania vaccine have been examined for control and prevention of visceral leishmaniasis. Vaccines based on recombinant protein and antigen-encoding DNA plasmids have given promising results and few vaccines including Leishmune®, Leishtec, and CaniLeish® have been licensed for canine visceral leishmaniasis. A systematic investigation of these vaccine candidates can lead to development of promising vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis, most probably in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Jain
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
| | - N K Jain
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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Sharma R, Gupta U, Garg NK, Tyagi RK, Jain NK. Surface engineered and ligand anchored nanobioconjugate: an effective therapeutic approach for oral insulin delivery in experimental diabetic rats. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 127:172-81. [PMID: 25679489 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to enhance intestinal absorption of insulin by nanobioconjugate formulated with PEGylation and Concanavalin A based targeted synergistic approach. The attempts were aimed at maximizing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of insulin by incorporating it in Concanavalin A anchored PEGylated nanoconstructs. The Con A anchored PEGylated PLGA diblock copolymer was synthesized by modified surface functionalization method, and was then characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectrum analysis. The nanoparticles from synthesized polymers were prepared and characterized for mean size and distribution by laser diffraction spectroscopy. The physicochemically characterized (by SEM and TEM) formulations were evaluated for optimum particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency 196.3±4.5 nm, 0.15±0.04, -25.6±1.68 and 44.6±3.5% respectively. The insulin encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release were assessed by bicinchoninic protein assay (BCA). The in vitro results corroborated in vivo studies carried out in experimentally created diabetic albino rats. The nano-encapsulated insulin was discovered to meet the requirements by achieving better stability, improved absorption and enhanced oral bioavailability elucidated by in vivo and in vitro bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Neeraj K Garg
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine Georgia Regents University, 1120, 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Biosafety Support Unit, Regional Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Room No. 810, 8th Floor, Block No-9 C.G.O. Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110003, India
| | - N K Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
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Dubey P, Shrivastava R, Tripathi C, Jain NK, Tewari BN, Lone MUD, Baghel KS, Kumar V, Misra S, Bhadauria S, Bhatt MLB. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition attenuates hypoxic cancer cells induced m2-polarization of macrophages. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2014; 60:10-15. [PMID: 25210855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), represent a major subpopulation of tumor infiltrating immune cells. These alternatively activated M2-polarized macrophages are well known for their pro-tumor functions. Owing to their established role in potentiating tumor-neovasculogenesis and metastasis, TAMs have emerged as promising target for anti-cancer immunotherapy. One of the key TAMs related phenomenon that is amenable to therapeutic intervention is their phenotype switching into alternatively activated M2-polarized macrophages. Hindering macrophage polarization towards a pro-tumor M2 phenotype, or better still reprogramming the M2 like TAMs towards M1 subtype is being considered a beneficial anti-cancer strategy. Hypoxic tumor milieu has been proposed as one of the most plausible factor governing M2-polarization of macrophages. We recently demonstrated that hypoxic tumor cells imparted a pro—angiogenic M2 skewed phenotype to macrophages. Furthermore, sizeable body of data indicates for participation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophage polarization. Concordantly, inhibition of COX-2 is associated with impaired macrophage polarization. Prompted by this in the current study we decided to explore if inhibition of COX-2 activity via chemical inhibitors may prevent hypoxic cancer cell induced M2-polarization of macrophages. We observed that treatment with Flunixin meglumine, an established preferential inhibitor of COX-2 activity markedly inhibited hypoxic cancer cell induced of M2-polarization of macrophages thereby indicating for usage of COX-2 inhibition as possible anti-cancer treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dubey
- King George Medical University Department of Surgical Oncology Lucknow India
| | - R Shrivastava
- Central Drug Research Institute Division of Toxicology Lucknow India
| | - C Tripathi
- Central Drug Research Institute Division of Toxicology Lucknow India
| | - N K Jain
- Central Drug Research Institute Division of Toxicology Lucknow India
| | - B N Tewari
- King George Medical University Department of Surgical Oncology Lucknow India
| | - M-U-D Lone
- Central Drug Research Institute Division of Toxicology Lucknow India
| | - K S Baghel
- Central Drug Research Institute Division of Toxicology Lucknow India
| | - V Kumar
- King George Medical University Department of Surgical Oncology Lucknow India
| | - S Misra
- King George Medical University Department of Surgical Oncology Lucknow India
| | - S Bhadauria
- Central Drug Research Institute Division of Toxicology Lucknow India smraticdri@gmail.com
| | - M L B Bhatt
- Dr.R M L Institute of Medical sciences Department of Radiation Oncology Lucknow India drmlbhatt@yahoo.com
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Jain NK, Chaurasia M, Jain SK. Investigation of Galactosylated Low Molecular Weight Chitosan-Coated Liposomes for Cancer Specific Drug Delivery. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jain M, Kasetty S, Khan S, Jain NK. Tissue eosinophilia in head and neck squamous neoplasia: an update. Exp Oncol 2014; 36:157-161. [PMID: 25265347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that play an imperative role in health and disease. They have also been found to be a crucial component of peri- and intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) has been observed and described in many tumors, including head and neck neoplasia. The process of eosinophil recruitment and its function in tumors has not been exactly defined yet. Correlation of tissue eosinophilia with prognosis has shown variable results ranging from favourable to unfavourable prognosis or even having no influence on patients outcome. Eosinophils are hypothesized to have tumor defensive as well as tumor promotive function. This dichotomous role of tissue eosinophilia with regard to prognosis has also been noted in head and neck neoplasia and premalignancies. So, the present review attempts to discuss TATE and its possible pros and cons in head and neck neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jain
- Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal 462037, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Kasetty
- Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal 462037, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Khan
- Rishiraj Dental College, Bhopal 462036, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - N K Jain
- Uttar Pradesh Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Etawah 206130, India
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Jain K, Jain NK. Surface engineered dendrimers as antiangiogenic agent and carrier for anticancer drug: dual attack on cancer. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:5075-5087. [PMID: 24757983 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present research work describes the formulation of arginine conjugated 3.0G Poly(propylene) imine (PPI) dendrimers, mimicking the surface structure of an endogenous angiogenesis-inhibitor endostatin; for tumor specific delivery of a model anticancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox). Synthesis of PPI dendrimers and conjugation of arginine to surface groups was confirmed by FTIR, NMR, TEM and mass spectrometry. Drug was loaded by equilibrium dialysis method and developed formulation was evaluated for entrapment efficiency, hemolytic toxicity, in vitro drug release, stability, anti-angiogenic activity via in vivo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and anticancer activity and cell uptake using MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The system exhibited the initial rapid release followed by sustained release of Dox with significant antiangiogenic activity in the CAM assay. Further, the arginine conjugated dendrimers was found to inhibit growth of cancer cells in ex vivo studies with MCF-7 cell lines. Cell uptake studies suggested that in comparison to free drug the formulation was preferably taken up by the tumor cells. Thus the two pronged attack on cancerous tissue i.e., inhibition of angiogenesis and killing of cancer cells by anticancer drug, might prove to be a promising approach in the treatment of fatal disease, cancer.
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Mehra NK, Verma AK, Mishra PR, Jain NK. The cancer targeting potential of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate tethered multi walled carbon nanotubes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4573-88. [PMID: 24612818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our main aim in the present investigation was to explore the in vitro and in vivo cancer targeting potential of the doxorubicin (DOX) laden d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS) tethered surface engineered MWCNTs nanoformulation (DOX/TPGS-MWCNTs) and compare it with pristine MWCNTs and free doxorubicin solution. The developed MWCNTs nanoformulations were extensively characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and in vitro and in vivo studies using MCF-7 cancer cell line. The entrapment efficiency was determined to be 97.2 ± 2.50% (DOX/TPGS-MWCNTs) and 92.5 ± 2.62% (DOX/MWCNTs) ascribed to π-π stacking interactions. The developed formulations depicted the sustained release pattern at the lysosomal pH (pH 5.3). The DOX/TPGS-MWCNTs showed enhanced cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and were most preferentially taken up by the cancerous cells via endocytosis mechanism. The DOX/TPGS-MWCNTs nanoconjugate depicted the significantly longer survival span (44 days, p < 0.001) than DOX/MWCNTs (23 days), free DOX (18 days) and control group (12 days). The obtained results also support the extended residence time and sustained release profile of the drug loaded surface engineered nanotubes formulations in body as compared to DOX solution. Overall we can conclude that the developed MWCNTs nanoconjugate have higher cancer targeting potential on tumor bearing Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, India.
| | - Ashwni Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P R Mishra
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N K Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, India.
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo potential of doxorubicin-loaded, folic acid appended engineered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (DOX/FA-PEG-MWCNTs) for efficient tumor targeting. The loading efficiency was determined to be 92.0 ± 0.92 (DOX/FA-PEG-MWCNTs) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) ascribed to π-π stacking interaction. The developed nanoconjugates were evaluated for in vitro DOX release, erythrocytes toxicity, ex vivo cytotoxicity and cell uptake studies on MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line). The DOX/FA-PEG-MWCNTs nanoconjugate affords higher efficacy in tumor growth suppression due to its stealth nature and most preferentially taken up by the cultured MCF-7 through caveolae-mediated endocytosis as compared to free DOX. The in vivo studies were performed to determine the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and antitumor efficacy on tumor bearing female Sprague Dawley rats and improved pharmacokinetics confirm the function of FA-PEG conjugated CNTs. The median survival time for tumor bearing rats treated with DOX/FA-PEG-MWCNTs (30 d) was extended very significantly as compared to free DOX (p < 0.001). The results concluded that developed water-soluble nano-conjugates might emerge as "safe and effective" nano-medicine in cancer treatment by minimizing the side effects with and Generally Regarded as Safe prominence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, India
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Chandra N, Jain NK, Sondhia S, Srivastava AB. Deltamethrin induced toxicity and ameliorative effect of alpha-tocopherol in broilers. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2013; 90:673-678. [PMID: 23511954 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-0981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) is a broad-spectrum insecticide mainly used to protect crops, fruit and vegetables from pests such as mites, ants, weevils and beetles. Birds, animals and human beings living in same ecosystem are directly or indirectly at the risk of exposure to this insecticide leading to substantial decrease in growth. Thus we studied DM induced toxicity and ameliorative effects of alpha-tocopherol in broiler birds. DM was estimated in liver, breast and leg muscles of chickens feeding with only DM or DM with alpha-tocopherol daily for 42 days. Birds exposed to DM showed a dose dependent decrease in body weight on 5th, 6th and 7th weeks as compared to controls, and alpha-tocopherol partially restored the reduction in body weight. DM residue was found higher in liver as compared to breast and leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, M.P., India.
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Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the potential of polypropylene imine (PPI) dendrimers to deliver dithranol (DIT) topically and to evaluate its encapsulation, permeation and skin irritation potential. PPI (5.0 generation, 5.0 G) dendrimers and DIT-loaded PPI (DIT-PPI) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. DIT encapsulation, in vitro skin permeation study, skin irritation studies, fluorescent studies and tape stripping studies were performed. Loading of DIT was found to be pH dependent with maximum encapsulation at acidic pH (1.0 ± 0.02, 17.2 ± 0.56 and 57.1 ± 1.32% at 7.4, 5.5 and 1.2 pH, respectively). DIT-PPI showed significantly enhanced permeation rate constant and lesser skin irritation (11.61 ± 1.80 μg/cm(2)/h and 1.0, respectively) when compared with the plain DIT solution (2.72 ± 0.31 μg/cm(2)/h and 2.3, respectively). Skin separation studies and confocal laser scanning microscope images showed that the dye-loaded dendrimers exhibits deposition of dye in pilosebaceous compartment. These studies demonstrate that PPI can be exploited to improve the topical bioavailability of the molecules in a controlled pattern. The enhanced accumulation of DIT via dendrimer carrier within the skin might help optimize targeting of this drug to the epidermal and dermal sites, thus creating new opportunities for well-controlled, modern topical application of DIT for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
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Sharma SK, Solanki R, Mohan A, Jain NK, Chauhan LS. Outcomes of Category III DOTS treatment in immunocompetent patients with tuberculosis pleural effusion. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 16:1505-9. [PMID: 23044446 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy and safety of Category III DOTS treatment (intermittent thrice-weekly rifampicin [RMP], isoniazid [INH] and pyrazinamide for 2 months, followed by RMP and INH for 4 months) under India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in patients with uncomplicated small unilateral pleural effusion (<1500 ml). DESIGN This prospective, multicentre, observational study recruited 351 patients between 2006 and 2010. Patients were regularly followed up clinically as well as with ultrasound examination of the chest. RESULTS Successful outcome (clinical response with complete resolution on ultrasound examination at 6 months) was seen in 274 patients (78.1%). Efficacy was 88.9% (excluding defaulters), and 94% among those completing follow-up as per protocol. None of the patients received corticosteroids. Other outcomes included treatment extension (n = 26, 7.4%), default (n = 43, 12.2%), treatment failure (n = 3, 0.9%) and death (n = 3, 0.9%). Seventy-nine mild/moderate adverse events and one treatment-related serious adverse event were noted; one patient developed recurrent drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Two patients (0.7%) had relapse/re-infection at 24 months follow-up. CONCLUSION Intermittent thrice-weekly treatment for 6 months with three drugs in the intensive phase is effective and safe for unilateral small pleural effusion in immunocompetent patients. Although Category III no longer exists in the programme, the results are reassuring for intermittent treatment in extra-pulmonary TB under programme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare distinct histologic variant of squamous - cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. BSCC is more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis, although histologically, it is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and squamous atypia. The usual site of occurrence for BSCC is the upper aerodigestive tract, floor of the mouth and base of the tongue. This is a case report of an unusual case of BSCC of retromolar trigone, which is quite rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Rachel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College and Hospital, Ariyanoor, Salem, India
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Abstract
Background: Limited data is available on the clinical expression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from India. The impact of gender on expression of COPD has received even less attention. Apart from tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution, especially from biomass fuel may play an important role in development of COPD in women. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and two patients of COPD were studied regarding the etiological and risk factors leading to COPD, gender-related differences in clinical presentation, radiological expression of COPD and the co-morbidities in COPD. Results: Tobacco smoke in the form of beedi smoking was the predominant smoke exposure in males, whereas smoke from biofuel burning was the predominant exposure in females. As compared to males, females were younger, reported more dyspnea, more severe bronchial obstruction, more exacerbations, and exhibited higher prevalence of systemic features. Also, females smoked less and had lesser incidence of productive cough, lower body mass index, lesser co-morbidities and less number of hospital admissions as compared to males. Males were more likely than females to have an emphysema-predominant phenotype, while airway-predominant disease was more common among females. Conclusion: The current study shows that gender-related differences do exist in COPD patients. Understanding these differences in etiological agent and clinical picture will help early diagnosis of COPD in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Jain
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, India
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Gajbhiye V, Kumar PV, Sharma A, Agarwal A, Asthana A, Jain NK. Dendrimeric nanoarchitectures mediated transdermal and oral delivery of bioactives. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:431-9. [PMID: 20046766 PMCID: PMC2792561 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.44589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal route is an evolving panorama in novel drug deliverance and with oral route they proffer immense potential. Most recently there is hastening in approaches for delivering bioactives via these routes, amongst them revolution has been made by dendrimers. Encapsulation and conjugation of bioactives with these virus sized robots have shown immense employment for delivery of hydrophobic and labile remedies. Transport of these nano-cruises from corner to corner of skin and through epithelial hurdle of gastrointestinal tract depends upon dendrimer characteristics. An improved thoughtful of these characteristics is an obligation for their use in these rambling fields. These characteristics embrace generation size, molecular weight, surface charge, incubation time and concentration. This context demarcates the imperative role of dendrimers in transdermal and oral drug delivery. This review also highlights concerning mechanism of convey of nanoarrays via epithelial hurdle of GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gajbhiye
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar-470 003, India
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Mishra V, Gupta U, Jain NK. Influence of different generations of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers on human erythrocytes. Pharmazie 2010; 65:891-895. [PMID: 21284258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of dendrimers make them attractive candidates as drug carriers. However, the toxicity associated with dendrimers is a basic hurdle in their biomedical application. To ensure development of dendrimer based safe and effective delivery systems, the effect of dendrimers on human erythrocytes (RBCs) must be studied. The present study explores the toxicological behavior of different generations of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers on human RBCs. Plain fifth generation PPI dendrimers (1 mg/mL) showed approximately 6.39% hemolysis which was an indication of their suitability in drug delivery. The study was conducted on all generations from 0.5 to 5.0 G of PPI dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mishra
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour University, Sagar M P, India
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Abstract
Many molecular sunscreens penetrate into the skin causing photo-allergic and photo-toxic reactions as well as skin irritations establishing an urgent need for the development of a safer sunscreen formulation. The search for active substances, efficient combinations, and the design of novel vehicles or carriers has led to the implementation of new cosmetic systems in contrast to the classic forms such as creams or gels. Amongst various approaches utilized to improve performance of sunscreening agents, the use of multiparticulate delivery systems is gaining increasing attention amongst researchers. Multiparticulate delivery systems can be incorporated into gels, creams, liquids, powders or other formulations, and can release active agents depending on their temperature, moisture, friction, volatility of the entrapped ingredients or time. These systems also have the ability of scattering or reflecting incoming UV radiations and therefore can act as physical sunscreens on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jain
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Jain K, Kesharwani P, Gupta U, Jain NK. Dendrimer toxicity: Let's meet the challenge. Int J Pharm 2010; 394:122-42. [PMID: 20433913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are well-defined, versatile polymeric architecture with properties resembling biomolecules. Dendritic polymers emerged as outstanding carrier in modern medicine system because of its derivatisable branched architecture and flexibility in modifying it in numerous ways. Dendritic scaffold has been found to be suitable carrier for a variety of drugs including anticancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, antitubercular etc., with capacity to improve solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In spite of extensive applicability in pharmaceutical field, the use of dendrimers in biological system is constrained because of inherent toxicity associated with them. This toxicity is attributed to the interaction of surface cationic charge of dendrimers with negatively charged biological membranes in vivo. Interaction of dendrimers with biological membranes results in membrane disruption via nanohole formation, membrane thinning and erosion. Dendrimer toxicity in biological system is generally characterized by hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and hematological toxicity. To minimize this toxicity two strategies have been utilized; first, designing and synthesis of biocompatible dendrimers; and second, masking of peripheral charge of dendrimers by surface engineering. Biocompatible dendrimers can be synthesized by employing biodegradable core and branching units or utilizing intermediates of various metabolic pathways. Dendrimer biocompatibility has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo for efficient presentation of biological performance. Surface engineering masks the cationic charge of dendrimer surface either by neutralization of charge, for example PEGylation, acetylation, carbohydrate and peptide conjugation; or by introducing negative charge such as half generation dendrimers. Neutral and negatively charged dendrimers do not interact with biological environment and hence are compatible for clinical applications as elucidated by various studies examined in this review. Chemical modification of the surface is an important strategy to overcome the toxicity problems associated with the dendrimers. The present review emphasizes on the approaches available to overcome the cationic toxicity inherently associated with the dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University Sagar (M.P.) 470003 India
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Mishra V, Gupta U, Jain NK. Biowaiver: an alternative to in vivo pharmacokinetic bioequivalence studies. Pharmazie 2010; 65:155-161. [PMID: 20383933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioequivalence is a vital concern in drug development even more significant in the case of Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI) drugs. In clinical development of New Chemical Entities (NCE), bioequivalence studies necessitate to be performed when the formulation of the pharmaceutical dosage form has been changed. In vivo pharmacokinetic data can be used as surrogate parameters for in vivo solubility and permeability data. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) has emerged as a helpful tool in product development by alluding to the in vivo performance of the active substance. The bio-relevance of the BCS properties and the in vitro release are best expressed through a correlation between in vitro and in vivo data. Recently BCS has been implemented for waiving bioequivalence studies on the basis of the solubility and gastrointestinal permeability of drug substance and can be strategically deployed to save time and resources during generic drug development. The BCS has been adopted as a very useful tool for in vivo drug design and development worldwide, particularly in terms of regulatory standards. A BCS-based biowaiver has become an important and cost-saving tool in approval of generic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mishra
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.), India
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Agashe HB, Dutta T, Garg M, Jain NK. Investigations on the toxicological profile of functionalized fifth-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:1491-8. [PMID: 17132212 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.11.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dendrimers have generated tremendous interest in the field of drug delivery. Despite indications of their utility as drug carriers, the inherent cytotoxicity associated with polycationic dendrimers acts as a limiting factor to their clinical applications. Many functionalization strategies have been adopted to mask peripheral amines in order to overcome this limitation. The object of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of functionalization on the toxicological profile of fifth-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (PPI-5.0G). Four forms of functionalized dendrimers, including protected glycine and phenylalanine, and mannose and lactose functionalized poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimer, were synthesized as prospective drug carriers. These dendrimeric systems were evaluated for haemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity, immunogenicity and haematological parameters. PPI-5.0G demonstrated a positive charge-based time- and concentration-dependent toxicity profile. Functionalization greatly improved the toxicity profile of the parent dendrimer. Hence it is proposed that these functionalized forms of PPI dendrimer have great potential as bio-compatible drug vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrushikesh B Agashe
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, India
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Abstract
Abstract
This investigation is part of our ongoing effort to develop effective drug delivery systems for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection using polycarbonate (PC) floating microspheres as drug carriers. In an effort to augment the anti-H. pylori effect of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), floating PC microspheres, which have the ability to reside in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for an extended period, were prepared by emulsion (O/W) solvent evaporation technique. The effect of PC concentration on the morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug release rate was studied. In-vitro studies confirmed the excellent floating properties of PC microspheres. In-vitro and in-vivo growth inhibition studies were performed on developed system(s) taking isolated cultures of H. pylori and H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils, respectively. The drug and PC microspheres both showed anti-H. pylori activity in vivo, but the required dose of AHA was effectively reduced by a factor of 10 in the case of PC microspheres. In conclusion, the floating microspheres more effectively cleared H. pylori from the GI tract than the drug because of the prolonged gastric residence time resulting from the excellent buoyancy of the PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Umamaheshwari
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
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Lomash V, Parihar SK, Jain NK, Katiyar AK. Effect of Solanum nigrum and Ricinus communis extracts on histamine and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the chicken skin. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56 Suppl:OL1239-OL1251. [PMID: 20158977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum leaves and Ricinus communis root bark using chicken skin as model. Leaves of these plants were dried under shade and powdered. 5% Ethanol extracts were prepared using Soxhlet and injected intraperitoneally (400 mg/kg) 1 hour prior to the induction of inflammation. Inflammatory lesion were induced by intradermal injection of 0.02 ml 0.05%w/v histamine (0-2 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr and 6 hr) and 1% w/v carrageenan (0-2 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 48 hr) in different group of birds. Increase in vascular permeability was studied using Evans blue as a permeability marker both qualitatively and quantitatively. Cellular events were studied in skin lesions at various time intervals and cells were counted at high power objective under microscope. Both, extracts exhibited significant decrease in permeability response at an early stage (0-2 min) of histamine as well as in carrageenan induced inflammatory lesions. There was a significant (p< 0.05) suppression in the emigration of heterophils, monocytoid cells, basophils and total leukocytosis in Solanum nigrum and Ricinus communis pretreated chicken skin lesions as compared to the control. The present study suggested antihistamine and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum and Ricinus communis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lomash
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Jain NK, Gupta VB, Garg R, Silawat N. Efficacy of cow urine therapy on various cancer patients in Mandsaur District, India - A survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8258.62163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Saraogi GK, Gupta P, Gupta UD, Jain NK, Agrawal GP. Gelatin nanocarriers as potential vectors for effective management of tuberculosis. Int J Pharm 2009; 385:143-9. [PMID: 19819315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research work was to develop and characterize rifampicin (RIF) loaded gelatin nanoparticulate delivery system for the effective management of tuberculosis. Gelatin nanoparticles (GPs) containing RIF were prepared using two-step desolvation method. Formulations were characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), size and size distribution analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, percent drug entrapment, percent nanoparticulate yield and in vitro drug release. Formulations were further characterized for in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution, and antitubercular activity. The nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape. The size of nanoparticles was found to be 264+/-11.2 nm with low PDI suggesting the narrow particle size distribution. The drug release showed the biphasic pattern of release i.e. initial burst followed by a sustained release pattern. The cytotoxicity studies revealed that nanoparticles are safe, non toxic as compared to free drug. In vivo biodistribution study showed higher localization of RIF loaded GPs in various organs, as compared to plain RIF solution in PBS (pH 7.4). In contrast to free drug, the nanoparticles not only sustained the plasma level but also enhanced the AUC and mean residence time (MRT) of the drug, suggesting improved pharmacokinetics of drug. RIF GPs additionally resulted in significant reduction in bacterial counts in the lungs and spleen of TB-infected mice. Hence, GPs hold promising potential for increasing drug targetability vis a vis reducing dosing frequency with the interception of minimal side effects, for efficient management of tuberculosis.
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MESH Headings
- Acetone/chemistry
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacokinetics
- Area Under Curve
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Delayed-Action Preparations
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers
- Gelatin/chemistry
- Gelatin/toxicity
- Injections, Intravenous
- Kinetics
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nanotechnology
- Particle Size
- Rifampin/administration & dosage
- Rifampin/chemistry
- Rifampin/pharmacokinetics
- Solubility
- Surface Properties
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Tissue Distribution
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kant Saraogi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
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Gajbhiye V, Vijayaraj Kumar P, Tekade RK, Jain NK. PEGylated PPI dendritic architectures for sustained delivery of H2 receptor antagonist. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:1155-66. [PMID: 18760863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Gajbhiye
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India
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Jain NK, Agnihotri SP, Sharma KK, Gupta S, Gupta P. Extensively drug resistance (XDR) tb is not always fatal. Indian J Tuberc 2009; 56:48-50. [PMID: 19402272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The chance of incidence of XDR TB is on the rise due to improper use of second line anti-tubercular drugs. XDR-TB is very difficult to treat successfully and is often referred to as "virtually untreatable form of TB". We herein report a case of XDR TB confirmed by bacteriological examination in a WHO recognised laboratory who after 12 months of regular treatment improved both clinically and radiologically with sputum smear conversion. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous report of any similar case in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Jain
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, SMS Medical College, Jaipur.
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Umamaheshwari RB, Jain NK. Receptor Mediated Targeting of Lectin Conjugated Gliadin Nanoparticles in the Treatment ofHelicobacter pylori. J Drug Target 2008; 11:415-23; discussion 423-4. [PMID: 15203930 DOI: 10.1080/10611860310001647771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the potential for using lectin-conjugated gliadin nanoparticles as a means of locating and anchoring a drug delivery system on the carbohydrate receptors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Gliadin nanoparticles (GNP) bearing acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) were prepared by a desolvation method. Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA I) and Conconavalin A (Con A) lectins were bound to GNP formulations by the two-stage carbodiimide coupling technique. Lectin-agglutination assay was performed to evaluate the binding efficacy of lectin formulations to carbohydrate receptors of H. pylori strains. Strong agglutination patterns were observed with mannose-specific Con A-GNP and alpha(L)-fucose specific UEA-GNP formulations. In situ adherence assay was performed to examine the efficacy of lectin formulations to inhibit the binding of H. pylori strains with human stomach cells. Lectin formulations completely inhibited the H. pylori binding. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the formulations was evaluated by percent growth inhibition studies (%GI) by using isolated H. pylori strain. The inhibitory efficacy of UEA-GNP and Con A-GNP was approximately two-fold higher compared to GNP. These lectin-conjugated gliadin nanoparticles are found to be potential candidate for targeted drug delivery and are anticipated to be useful in the treatment of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Umamaheshwari
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, MP 470 003, India
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Jain SK, Agrawal GP, Jain NK. In vitro evaluation of porous carrier-based floating granular delivery system of orlistat. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2008; 62:292-299. [PMID: 19174957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to prepare and evaluate an intragastric floating granular delivery system of orlistat using (i) calcium silicate as porous carrier; and (ii) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, ethyl cellulose, and Carbopol 940 as matrix-forming polymers. The effect of various formulation and process variables on the micro-meritic properties, in vitro floating behavior, percent drug content, and in vitro drug release was studied. The release mechanism of orlistat from these granules was evaluated on the basis of various theoretical equations. The optimized formulation demonstrated favorable in vitro floating and release characteristics. The release pattern of optimized, secondary-coated granules of orlistat in simulated gastrointestinal fluids corresponded best to the Peppas-Korsmeyer model and Higuchi matrix model. The results clearly indicated the controlled and sustained release of orlistat from its gastro-retentive floating granular delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Jain
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495 009, India.
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Debnath J, Jain NK, Adhikari KM, Shelley SK, Vaidya A, George RA. A child with respiratory distress having unilateral obstructive emphysema and contralateral opaque hemithorax on chest radiograph: role of multi-detector computerized tomography with multi-planar reconstruction and virtual bronchoscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51 Suppl:B217-20. [PMID: 17991068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of mucus plug in the right main bronchus with ipsilateral obstructive emphysema and contralateral opaque hemithorax in an 18-month-old girl who presented with respiratory distress. The role of multi-detector CT scan with multi-planar reconstructions and virtual bronchoscopy is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Debnath
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, India.
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