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Li SW, Zhao YH, Gao WK, Zhang LH, Yu HY, Wu HH. Steroidal constituents from Solanum nigrum. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105603. [PMID: 37421992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed steroidal constituents including two sterols (1-2) and one pregnane-type steroidal glycoside (6), along with nineteen known ones (3-5, 7-22), were isolated from the 80% alcohol extraction of Solanum nigrum L. Their structures and the absolute configurations were established by analysis of the extensive spectroscopic data (1H/13 NMR, 1H1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and/or by comparisons of the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with those calculated ones by TDDFT method. Further, a MTT assay was applied to demonstrate that compounds 1-4, 6-12, 18, and 22 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against SW480 cells, and compounds 1-4, 6-14, and 16-22 showed significant cytotoxic activities against Hep3B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
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Deng J, Wang L, Jin Q, Zeng J, Xu J, He X, Wang Y. Anti-inflammatory steroids from the stems of Solanum nigrum L. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113667. [PMID: 37011705 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen previously undescribed steroidal sapogenins along with two known ones were isolated from the stems of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae). Their structures were identified using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS spectroscopy, the Mosher method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1-8 have an unusual F ring and 9-12 have a derived A ring, both of which are rare skeletons found in natural products. The biological evaluation showed that the isolated steroids exhibited inhibition of nitric oxide in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values from 7.4 to 41.3 μM. Further studies revealed that compounds 6 and 10 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and down-regulating the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the stems of S. nigrum may serve as a source of anti-inflammatory agents for use in healthy or medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingyu Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Liu LY, Yang YK, Wang JN, Ren JG. Steroidal alkaloids from Solanum nigrum and their cytotoxic activities. Phytochemistry 2022; 202:113317. [PMID: 35820506 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eight undescribed, along with five known steroidal alkaloids were isolated from Solanum nigrum L., a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Their structures were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and IR spectroscopy. Two compounds displayed an unusual structure in steroidal alkaloids with an open E-ring and without an F-ring present. To evaluate their bioactivities, nine compounds were selected to intervene five human cancer cell lines including H1299, HepG2, HeLa, HCT116, and MCF7 respectively. All compounds exhibited inhibitory effects for the five cell lines, revealing potential anti-tumor activities from Solanum nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yu-Ke Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Nong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jun-Guo Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Abstract
Two previously undescribed steroidal alkaloids, compounds 1-2, along with two known ones(3-4), were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of ripe berries of Solanum nigrum by chromatographic methods, including silica gel, ODS, and HPLC. Based on spectroscopic and chemical evidence, including IR, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data, the structures of the isolated compounds were identified as 12β,27-dihydroxy solasodine-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), 27-hydroxy solasodine-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(2), solalyraine A(3), and 12β,27-dihydroxy solasodine(4). Compounds 1-2 were tested for their potential effects against the proliferation of A549 cells, which revealed that compounds 1-2 had weak cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ke Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Liang-Yu Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jian-Nong Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jian-Xun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
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Lin HJ, Mahendran R, Huang HY, Chiu PL, Chang YM, Day CH, Chen RJ, Padma VV, Liang-Yo Y, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum attenuates Angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy and improves cardiac function by repressing protein kinase C-ζ to restore HSF2 deSUMOlyation and Mel-18-IGF-IIR signaling suppression. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114728. [PMID: 34634367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum nigrum, commonly known as Makoi or black shade has been traditionally used in Asian countries and other regions of world to treat liver disorders, diarrhoea, inflammatory conditions, chronic skin ailments (psoriasis and ringworm), fever, hydrophobia, painful periods, eye diseases, etc. It has been observed that S. nigrum contains substances, like steroidal saponins, total alkaloid, steroid alkaloid, and glycoprotein, which show anti-tumor activity. However; there is no scientific evidence of the efficacy of S. nigrum in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. AIM To investigate the ability of S. nigrum to attenuate Angiotensin II - induced cardiac hypertrophy and improve cardiac function through the suppression of protein kinase PKC-ζ and Mel-18-IGF-IIR signaling leading to the restoration of HSF2 desumolyation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2) were challenged with 100 nM Angiotensin-II (AngII) for 24 h and were then treated with different concentration of S.nigrum or Calphostin C for 24 h. The hypertrophic effect in cardiomyoblast cells were determined by immunofluorescence staining and the modulations in hypertrophic protein marker along with Protein Kinase C-ζ, MEL18, HSF2, and Insulin like growth factor II (IGFIIR), markers were analyzed by western blotting. In vivo experiments were performed using 12 week old male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) separated into five groups. [1]Control WKY, [2] WKY -100 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment, [3] SHR, [4] SHR-100 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment, [5] SHR-300 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment. S. nigrum was administered intraperitoneally for 8 week time interval. RESULTS Western blotting results indicate that S. nigrum significantly attenuates AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, actin staining confirmed the ability of S. nigrum to ameliorate AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, S. nigrum administration suppressed the hypertrophic signaling mediators like Protein Kinase C-ζ, Mel-18, and IGFIIR in a dose-dependent manner and HSF2 activation (restore deSUMOlyation) that leads to downregulation of IGF-IIR expression. Additionally in vivo experiments demonstrate the reduced heart sizes of S. nigrum treated SHRs rats when compared to control WKY rats. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data reveals the cardioprotective effect of S. nigrum inhibiting PKC-ζ with alleviated IGF IIR level in the heart that profoundly remits cardiac hypertrophy for hypertension-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ramasamy Mahendran
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Ling Chiu
- Ept Douliu Chinese Medical Clinic, Douliu, Taiwan; 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chang
- 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Yang Liang-Yo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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Spochacz M, Chowański S, Szymczak-Cendlak M, Marciniak P, Lelario F, Salvia R, Nardiello M, Scieuzo C, Scrano L, Bufo SA, Adamski Z, Falabella P. Solanum nigrum Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in Galleria mellonella. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:617. [PMID: 34564621 PMCID: PMC8473104 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoalkaloids, secondary metabolites abundant in plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, may affect the physiology of insect pests. This paper presents original results dealing with the influence of a crude extract obtained from Solanum nigrum unripe berries and its main constituent, solasonine, on the physiology of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) that can be used as an alternative bioinsecticide. G. mellonella IV instar larvae were treated with S. nigrum extract and solasonine at different concentrations. The effects of extract and solasonine were evaluated analyzing changes in carbohydrate and amino acid composition in hemolymph by RP-HPLC and in the ultrastructure of the fat body cells by TEM. Both extract and solasonine changed the level of hemolymph metabolites and the ultrastructure of the fat body and the midgut cells. In particular, the extract increased the erythritol level in the hemolymph compared to control, enlarged the intracellular space in fat body cells, and decreased cytoplasm and lipid droplets electron density. The solasonine, tested with three concentrations, caused the decrease of cytoplasm electron density in both fat body and midgut cells. Obtained results highlighted the disturbance of the midgut and the fat body due to glycoalkaloids and the potential role of hemolymph ingredients in its detoxification. These findings suggest a possible application of glycoalkaloids as a natural insecticide in the pest control of G. mellonella larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Spochacz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.-C.); (P.M.); (Z.A.)
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.-C.); (P.M.); (Z.A.)
| | - Monika Szymczak-Cendlak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.-C.); (P.M.); (Z.A.)
| | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.-C.); (P.M.); (Z.A.)
| | - Filomena Lelario
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (S.A.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (S.A.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Marisa Nardiello
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (S.A.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (S.A.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (S.A.B.); (P.F.)
- Department of European Culture, University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (S.A.B.); (P.F.)
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management & Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.-C.); (P.M.); (Z.A.)
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (S.A.B.); (P.F.)
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Kim JH, Shin H, Kim M, Kim S, Song K, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Solanum nigrum Line inhibits osteoclast differentiation and suppresses bone mineral density reduction in the ovariectomy‑induced osteoporosis model. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:607. [PMID: 34184079 PMCID: PMC8240179 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoclasts that absorb bone and osteoblasts that form bone tissue. Menopausal osteoporosis is a disease associated with aging and hormonal changes due to menopause causing abnormal activation of osteoclasts, resulting in a decrease in bone density. Existing treatments for osteoporosis have been reported to have serious side effects, such as jawbone necrosis and breast and uterine cancer; therefore, their use by patients is decreasing, whilst studies focusing on alternative treatments are increasingly popular. Solanum nigrum Line (SL) has been used as a medicinal plant that possesses several pharmacological effects, such as anti‑inflammatory and hepatotoxic protective effects. To the best of our knowledge, however, its effects on osteoporosis and osteoclasts have not been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the anti‑osteoporotic effect of SL was investigated using a postmenopausal model of osteoporosis in which Sprague‑Dawley rat ovaries were extracted. In addition, the inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and function of SL was confirmed using an osteoclast model treated with receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand (RANKL) on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo experiments showed that SL reduced the decrease in bone mineral density and improved changes in the morphological index of bone microstructure, such as trabecular number and separation. In addition, the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase‑positive cells in the femur and the expression levels of nuclear factor of activated T‑cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and cathepsin K protein were inhibited. In vitro, SL suppressed RANKL‑induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption ability; this was mediated by NFATc1/c‑Fos, a key transcription factor involved in osteoclast differentiation, ultimately inhibiting expression of various osteoclast‑associated genes. These experimental results show that SL may be an alternative treatment for osteoporosis caused by abnormal activation of osteoclasts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajeong Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangchan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02-447, Republic of Korea
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Spochacz M, Szymczak M, Chowański S, Bufo SA, Adamski Z. Solanum Nigrum Fruit Extract Increases Toxicity of Fenitrothion-A Synthetic Insecticide, in the Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio Molitor Larvae. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E612. [PMID: 32987787 PMCID: PMC7598628 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic insecticides are widely used for crop protection both in the fields and in the food stored facilities. Due to their toxicity, and assumptions of Integrated Pest Management, we conducted two independent experiments, where we studied the influence of Solanum nigrum unripe fruit extract on the toxicity of an organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion. In the first variant of the experiment, Tenebrio molitor larvae were fed with blended fenitrothion (LC50) and the extract in four concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10%) in ratio 1:1 for 3 days. In the second variant, a two-day application of fenitrothion (LC40) was preceded by a one-day extract treatment. The first variant did not show any increase in lethality compared to fenitrothion; however, ultrastructure observations exhibited swollen endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes in the midgut and nuclear and cellular membranes in the fat body, after application of blended fenitrothion and extract. An increased amount of heterochromatin in the fat body was observed, too. In the second variant, pre-treatment of the extract increased the lethality of larvae, decreased the level of glycogen and lipids in the fat body and disrupted integrity of midgut cellular membranes. S. nigrum extract, applied prior to fenitrothion treatment can be a factor increasing fenitrothion toxicity in T. molitor larvae. Thus, this strategy may lead to decreased emission of synthetic insecticides to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Spochacz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (S.C.); (Z.A.)
| | - Monika Szymczak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (S.C.); (Z.A.)
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (S.C.); (Z.A.)
| | - Sabino Aurelio Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (S.C.); (Z.A.)
- Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Ogunsuyi OB, Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G. Solanum leaves extracts exhibit antioxidant properties and inhibit monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities (in vitro) in Drosophila melanogaster. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0256/jbcpp-2019-0256.xml. [PMID: 32267245 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background This study sought to determine the in vitro antioxidant, anti-monoamine oxidase and anticholinesterase properties of extracts (aqueous and alkaloid) of two tropical vegetables from Solanum spp- African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L) as indices of their neuroprotective properties. Methods Both aqueous and alkaloid extracts of African eggplant (AE) and black nightshade (BN) were prepared by solvent extraction according to standard methods. Thereafter, the inhibitory effects of the extracts on monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, as well as their free radical-scavenging and reducing abilities were assessed. Also, phytochemical analysis for phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids were carried out. Results The results showed that the extracts inhibited MAO and AChE activities dose dependently, with aqueous extracts showing significantly higher MAO inhibition that the alkaloid extracts from both samples, but in all, BN showed higher MAO inhibitory effect compared to AE; the reverse was however, observed for AChE inhibition. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts showed significantly higher antioxidant properties than the alkaloid extracts, while BN had higher antioxidant properties compared to AN. The phytochemical analysis also showed that BN had significantly higher amount of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids than AE. Conclusions The anti-monoamine oxidase, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties exhibited by extracts from both samples could contribute to their neuroprotective abilities. Thus, these vegetables can be potential sources of functional foods and nutraceuticals in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo O Ademiluyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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10
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Abstract
Alkaloids are common secondary metabolites found also in plants of the large family of Solanaceae, and they contribute frequently to the economic importance of these plants as food, spices, drugs, or pharmaceuticals. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging was applied to visualize the spatial localization of the main steroidal alkaloids in diverse plant tissues of Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum nigrum, and Solanum dulcamara. Among others, the basic aglycons, tomatidenol, tomatidine, solasodine, and soladulcine, along with their corresponding glycoalkaloids, were identified with distinct distributions within plant tissue structures and plant parts and with respect to the degree of ripeness. The alkaloids are identified by their mass and fragmentation pattern. Multivariate unsupervised principal compound analysis and the k-means clustering analysis were calculated on the basis of all peaks, automatically picked from all selected regions, with total ion count normalization resulting in characterization of the tissues and organs with respect to their chemical similarity. It can therefore be concluded that the tissue-specific localizations of alkaloids in nightshades depend upon the ripeness status and the developmental stage of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bednarz
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Nils Roloff
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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11
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Shanila A, Ambreen Malik U, Umme Habiba H. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols might be responsible for potent antiarthritic effect of Solanum nigrum. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2019; 39:632-641. [PMID: 32186112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weight, hematologic parameters, radiographic and histopathologic alterations towards normal. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that S. nigrum holds antiarthritic potential, supporting its traditional use in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhter Shanila
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Uttra Ambreen Malik
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Umme Habiba
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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12
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Lin L, Yang W, Wei X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Zhao M. Enhancement of Solasodine Extracted from Fruits of Solanum nigrum L. by Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122294. [PMID: 31234274 PMCID: PMC6631816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Solasodine is a major bioactive ingredient in Solanum nigrum L. that has strong pharmacological characteristics. Therefore, the development of a simple and effective extraction method for obtaining solasodine is highly important. This study aims to provide a rapid and effective method for extracting solasodine from Solanum nigrum L. by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE). Methods: First, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions were established for the detection of solasodine. Then, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) compositions were examined. On the basis of the results of single-factor experiments, for a better yield, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize influential factors including the extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio. Results: The maximum extraction yield of 7.11 ± 0.08 mg/g was obtained at 44 °C, an extraction time of 15 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 42:1 mL/g in the ATPS consisting of EtOH solvent, (NH4)2SO4, and water (28:16:56, w/w/w). The extraction yield of the alkaloid obtained using this method was markedly higher than those of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Conclusions: In this work, solasodine was extracted by MAATPE for the first time and a high yield was obtained. MAATPE is a simple, rapid, and green technique for extraction from medical plants. Thus, the present study will enable the development of a feasible extraction method of active alkaloids from Solanum nigrum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Xing Wei
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Yunsong Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Maize research institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Maojun Zhao
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
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13
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Ben-Abdallah S, Cáceres LA, Wang Z, Renaud BJ, Lachâal M, Karray-Bouraoui N, Hannoufa A, Scott IM. Host plant defenses of black (Solanum nigrum L.) and red nightshade ( Solanum villosum Mill.) against specialist Solanaceae herbivore Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2019; 101:e21550. [PMID: 30945781 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum, S. nigrum L.) and red nightshade ( Solanum villosum, S. villosum Mill.) are medicinal plants from the Solanaceae family that synthesize glycoalkaloids and other secondary metabolites. To recognize the potential insecticide activity of these compounds, leaf extracts (containing glycoalkaloid and methanol fractions) were tested for enzyme inhibition, antifeedant activity and toxicity. For in-vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibition activity, we used insecticide-resistant Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( L. decemlineata; Say) midgut and fat-body homogenate. In-vivo toxicity and the antifeedant activity were performed using larval bioassays. The methanol extracts had greater GST inhibitory activity compared to the glycoalkaloids, as well as greater 2nd instar larvae mortality and antifeedant activity. Furthermore, the green leaf volatile compound, cis-hex-3-enyl acetate, at the concentration of 5 ppm, caused 50% mortality of 2nd instar larvae. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of S. nigrum and S. villosum extracts to control L. decemlineata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Ben-Abdallah
- London Research and Development Centre, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Productivité Végétale et Contraintes Environnementales, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Universite de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Luis A Cáceres
- London Research and Development Centre, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhiling Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mokhtar Lachâal
- Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Productivité Végétale et Contraintes Environnementales, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Universite de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Karray-Bouraoui
- Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Productivité Végétale et Contraintes Environnementales, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Universite de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- London Research and Development Centre, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian M Scott
- London Research and Development Centre, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Yang W, Dai H, Dou X, Zhang Q, Wei S. Effect and mechanism of commonly used four nitrogen fertilizers and three organic fertilizers on Solanum nigrum L. hyperaccumulating Cd. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:12940-12947. [PMID: 30891702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. is a hyperaccumulator and shows very high phytoremediation potential for Cd-contaminated soil. Fertilizer addition to soil is an effective pathway to improve Cd hyperaccumulation. This article compared the strengthening roles of commonly used four nitrogen fertilizers with three organic fertilizers on S. nigrum hyperaccumulating Cd at the same total nitrogen level. The results showed that Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of S. nigrum were not affected by the addition of inorganic nitrogen like NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, and CH4N2O compared with the control without nitrogen addition. However, Cd concentrations in S. nigrum roots and shoots were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) when the organic nitrogen was added in the form of chicken manure, pig manure, and commercial organic fertilizer (by 15.6% and 15.1%, 30.1% and 23.6%, 20.3% and 16.8%, respectively). On the other hand, of all nitrogen treatments, the addition of (NH4)2SO4 and CH4N2O to the soil enormously increased S. nigrum biomass, i.e., S. nigrum shoot biomass increased 2.0- and 2.1-fold compared with the control. Correspondingly, Cd loads in S. nigrum shoots were also the highest in former two treatments and amounted to 79.91 μg pot-1 and 80.17 μg pot-1, respectively. Compared with the control, the addition of three organic fertilizers significantly increased (p < 0.05) pH and decreased (p < 0.05) available Cd concentrations in the soil, which could be the main reasons for their negative effects on S. nigrum accumulating Cd. (NH4)2SO4 and CH4N2O significantly increased S. nigrum biomasses and exerted no effects on the available soil Cd concentration, which made them more better fertilizers in practice. In general, the same fertilizer may show different effects on different hyperaccumulators. The selection of fertilizer should be decided in accordance with the specific conditions in the phytoremediation practice of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Dai
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Xuekai Dou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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15
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Li CX, Song XY, Zhao WY, Yao GD, Lin B, Huang XX, Li LZ, Song SJ. Characterization of enantiomeric lignanamides from Solanum nigrum L. and their neuroprotective effects against MPP +-induced SH-SY5Y cells injury. Phytochemistry 2019; 161:163-171. [PMID: 30661806 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Five pairs of enantiomeric lignanamides including nine undescribed compounds along with a known one were obtained from Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae). Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) curves. Additionally, all isolates were evaluated for their neuroprotective activity against MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium)-induced SH-SY5Y cells injury. Among them, cannabisin F showed the most significant neuroprotective effects at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 μM). Further studies by Hoechst 33258 staining, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and Annexin V/PI analysis demonstrated that cannabisin F could induce protective autophagy to protect SH-SY5Y cells from MPP+-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian 116021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Zhi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Chowański S, Chudzińska E, Lelario F, Ventrella E, Marciniak P, Miądowicz-Kobielska M, Spochacz M, Szymczak M, Scrano L, Bufo SA, Adamski Z. Insecticidal properties of Solanum nigrum and Armoracia rusticana extracts on reproduction and development of Drosophila melanogaster. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:454-463. [PMID: 30015192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived substances, because of high biological activity, arouse interest of many scientists. Thus, plant extracts and pure substances are intensively studied on various insects as potential insecticides. In such studies, D. melanogaster is one of the most important model organisms. In our studies, we analysed the contents of two plant extracts and tested the activity of their main components against fruit flies and compared observed effects to effects caused by crude extracts. Then, we assessed the development of the next, unexposed generation. The chemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of numerous glycoalkaloids and glucosinolates in Solanum nigrum and Armoracia rusticana extracts. These extracts, as well as their main components, revealed lethal and sublethal effects, such as the altered developmental time of various life stages and malformations of imagoes. Interestingly, the results for the extracts and pure main compounds often varied. Some of the results were also observed in the unexposed generation. These results confirm that the tested plants produce a range of substances with potential insecticidal effects. The different effects of extracts and pure main components suggest the presence of minor compounds, which should be tested as insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewa Chudzińska
- Department of Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Filomena Lelario
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
| | | | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Marta Spochacz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Monika Szymczak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy.
| | | | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland; Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
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17
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Wei R, Guo Q, Yu G, Kong J, Li S, Song Z, Hu J, Tian L, Han X, Okoli CP. Stable isotope fractionation during uptake and translocation of cadmium by tolerant Ricinus communis and hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum as influenced by EDTA. Environ Pollut 2018; 236:634-644. [PMID: 29433104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The isotopic fractionation could contribute to understanding the Cd accumulation mechanisms in plant species. However, there are few of systematical investigations with regards to the Cd isotope fractionation in hyperaccumulator plants. The Cd tolerant Ricinus communis and hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum were cultivated in nutrient solutions with varying Cd and EDTA concentrations. Cd isotope ratios were determined in the solution, root, stem and leaf. The two investigated plants were systematically enriched in light isotopes relative to their solutions (Δ114/110Cdplant-solution = -0.64‰ to -0.29‰ for R. communis and -0.84‰ to -0.31‰ for S. nigrum). Cd isotopes were markedly fractionated among the plant tissues. For both plant species, an enrichment in light Cd isotopes from solution to root was noted, followed by a slight depletion in light Cd isotopes from root to shoot. Noticeably, the chelation process has caused lighter Cd isotope enrichment in the root of R. communis and S. nigrum. Further, the good fits between △114/110Cdroot-plant and ln Froot (or between △114/110Cdshoot-plant and ln Fshoot) indicate that Cd isotopic signatures can be used to study Cd transportation during the metabolic process of plants. This study suggests that knowledge of the Cd isotope ratios could also provide new tool for identifying the Cd-avoiding crop cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guirui Yu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Han
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chukwunonso Peter Okoli
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Federal University Ndufu-Allike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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18
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Xiang L, Wang Y, Yi X, He X. Anti-inflammatory steroidal glycosides from the berries of Solanum nigrum L. (European black nightshade). Phytochemistry 2018; 148:87-96. [PMID: 29421515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed steroidal glycosides, along with three known congeners were isolated from the unripe berries of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae). Their structures were elucidated on basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data and GC analysis after acid hydrolysis. The potential inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cell line and the anti-proliferative activities against five cancer cell lines (HL-60, U-937, Jurkat, K562 and HepG2) were evaluated. Seven compounds exhibited inhibition activities on NO production with IC50 values ranging from 11.33 to 49.35 μM. Structure-activity relationships of the isolated compounds were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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19
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Gu XY, Shen XF, Wang L, Wu ZW, Li F, Chen B, Zhang GL, Wang MK. Bioactive steroidal alkaloids from the fruits of Solanum nigrum. Phytochemistry 2018; 147:125-131. [PMID: 29306798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the fruits of Solanum nigrum led to the isolation of four previously undescribed steroidal alkaloids, named solanine A, 7α-OH khasianine, 7α-OH solamargine and 7α-OH solasonine, together with six known ones. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated unambiguously by spectroscopic data analyses and chemical methods. Solanine A represents an unusual steroidal alkaloid with an unprecedented 6/5/6/5/5/6 hexacyclic ring system, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Compounds 2-4 were rare naturally occurring steroidal alkaloid glycosides bearing a hydroxyl group at C-7 position. Solanine A showed the most potent inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO production in murine RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 3.85 ± 0.71 μM and significant cytotoxicity against MGC803, HepG2 and SW480 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 6.00 ± 0.52 μM, 9.25 ± 0.49 μM and 6.23 ± 0.26 μM, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Fruit/chemistry
- Humans
- Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice
- Molecular Structure
- Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Solanum nigrum/chemistry
- Steroids/chemistry
- Steroids/isolation & purification
- Steroids/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Gu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lun Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhou-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ming-Kui Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Chang JJ, Chung DJ, Lee YJ, Wen BH, Jao HY, Wang CJ. Solanum nigrum Polyphenol Extracts Inhibit Hepatic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Lipogenesis in High-Fat-Diet-Treated Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:9255-9265. [PMID: 28982243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia are all high-risk groups for fatty liver; however, the mechanism of fatty liver formation is not completely understood. Studies have indicated that abnormal fat metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance are positively correlated with peroxidation and abnormal cytokine production. Recent studies have revealed that Solanum nigrum extracts (SNE) possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antihyperlipidemia, and liver protection abilities. Therefore, the present study investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of an SNE on nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL)-induced hepatitis. In vivo data demonstrated that the SNE reduced blood triglyceride, sugar, and cholesterol levels, as well as fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in high-fat-diet-treated mice. The results indicated that the SNE downregulated the expression of fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and upregulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Furthermore, we prepared a Solanum nigrum polyphenol extract (SNPE) from the SNE; the SNPE reduced hepatic lipid (oleic acid) accumulation. Therefore, SNE have the potential to alleviate NAFL-induced hepatitis, and polyphenolic compounds are the main components of SNE. Moreover, SNE can be used to develop health-food products for preventing NAFL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University , Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Jung Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University , Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University , Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Wen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University , Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Jao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University , Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University , Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital , Number 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Xiang L, Yi X, He X. Potential Anti-inflammatory Steroidal Saponins from the Berries of Solanum nigrum L. (European Black Nightshade). J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4262-4272. [PMID: 28486801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. or European black nightshade (Solanum genus) is a common weed of crops and gardens. The berries and leaves of S. nigrum L. are consumed as food or vegetable in some regions and reported to possess a range of biological activities. In this study, nine new steroidal saponins, solanigrosides Y1-Y9 (1-6, 10-12), together with seven known congeners, were isolated from the berries of S. nigrum. Their potential inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 and IL-1β production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages cell line RAW 264.7 were evaluated. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibition on NO production with an IC50 value of 9.7 μM, and some compounds exhibited significant inhibition effects on the LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-1β production. These results suggest that the steroidal saponins from berries of S. nigrum demonstrated pronounced anti-inflammatory activity and might be explored as a healthy benefit agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Limin Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery , Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wang S, Chu Z, Ren M, Jia R, Zhao C, Fei D, Su H, Fan X, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang Y, Ding X. Identification of Anthocyanin Composition and Functional Analysis of an Anthocyanin Activator in Solanum nigrum Fruits. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060876. [PMID: 28587075 PMCID: PMC6152793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum fruits have been conventionally used in beverages due to their nutritional substances such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, sugars, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. The characterization of components and regulatory mechanism of anthocyanins in S. nigrum fruits have rarely been reported. In this study, we determined that the peel and flesh of S. nigrum fruits shared similar HPLC profiles but different contents and total antioxidant activities for anthocyanins. After an efficient purification method, mainly including extraction with pH 1.0 distilled water and then desorption with pH 1.0 95% ethanol after a DM-130 resin adsorption step to obtain more pure anthocyanin extracts, the purity of anthocyanins extracted from S. nigrum fruits reached 56.1%. Moreover, eight anthocyanins from S. nigrum fruit were identified with HPLC-MS/MS for the first time. A typical R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, SnMYB, was also cloned for the first time by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR from S. nigrum. Moreover, the contents of anthocyanins were shown to correlate well (r = 0.93) with the expression levels of SnMYB gene during the fruit's developmental stages. Most significantly, SnMYB gene successfully produced high anthocyanin content (1.03 mg/g) when SnMYB gene was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. Taken together, S. nigrum fruits are a promising resource for anthocyanin extraction, and SnMYB gene is an activator that positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in S. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Mingxing Ren
- Shaoxing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Changbao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Dan Fei
- Anhui Biothun Biotechnology Company, Hefei 230088, Anhui, China.
| | - Hao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
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Chang W, Li Y, Zhang M, Zheng S, Li Y, Lou H. Solasodine-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside kills Candida albicans by disrupting the intracellular vacuole. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:139-146. [PMID: 28552788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of fungal infections and emergence of drug resistance underlie the constant search for new antifungal agents and exploration of their modes of action. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal mechanisms of solasodine-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (SG) isolated from the medicinal plant Solanum nigrum L. In vitro, SG displayed potent fungicidal activity against both azole-sensitive and azole-resistant Candida albicans strains in Spider medium with its MICs of 32 μg/ml. Analysis of structure and bioactivity revealed that both the glucosyl residue and NH group were required for SG activity. Quantum dot (QD) assays demonstrated that the glucosyl moiety was critical for SG uptake into Candida cells, as further confirmed by glucose rescue experiments. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFHDA) by flow cytometry indicated that SG even at 64 μg/ml just caused a moderate increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by 58% in C. albicans cells. Observation of vacuole staining by confocal microscopy demonstrated that SG alkalized the intracellular vacuole of C. albicans and caused hyper-permeability of the vacuole membrane, resulting in cell death. These results support the potential application of SG in fighting fungal infections and reveal a novel fungicidal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Chang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sha Zheng
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
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24
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Nath LR, Gorantla JN, Thulasidasan AKT, Vijayakurup V, Shah S, Anwer S, Joseph SM, Antony J, Veena KS, Sundaram S, Marelli UK, Lankalapalli RS, Anto RJ. Evaluation of uttroside B, a saponin from Solanum nigrum Linn, as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36318. [PMID: 27808117 PMCID: PMC5093766 DOI: 10.1038/srep36318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report, for the first time, the remarkable efficacy of uttroside B, a potent saponin from Solanum nigrum Linn, against liver cancer. The compound has been isolated and characterized from the leaves of Solanum nigrum Linn, a plant widely used in traditional medicine and is a rich resource of several anticancer molecules. Uttroside B, that comprises of β-D-glucopyranosyl unit at C-26 of the furostanol and β-lycotetraosyl unit at C-3, is ten times more cytotoxic to the liver cancer cell line, HepG2 (IC50: 0.5 μM) than sorafenib (IC50: 5.8 μM), the only FDA-approved drug for liver cancer. Moreover, it induces cytotoxicity in all liver cancer cell lines, irrespective of their HBV status, while being non-toxic to normal immortalized hepatocytes. It induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by down-regulating mainly the activation of MAPK and mTOR pathways. The drastic reduction in HepG2-xenograft tumor size achieved by uttroside B in NOD-SCID mice and substantiation of its biological safety through both acute and chronic toxicity studies in Swiss albino mice warrants clinical validation of the molecule against hepatic cancer, for which, the chemotherapeutic armamentarium currently has limited weapons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi R. Nath
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Jaggaiah N. Gorantla
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695019, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Kumar T. Thulasidasan
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Vijayakurup
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Shabna Shah
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Shabna Anwer
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Sophia M. Joseph
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Jayesh Antony
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Kollery Suresh Veena
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695019, Kerala, India
| | - Sankar Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram-695011, Kerala, India
| | - Udaya K. Marelli
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Ravi S. Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695019, Kerala, India
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
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25
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Khan HJ, Ahmad MK, Khan AR, Rastogi N, Mahdi AA, Ansari JA, Fatima N, Satyanarayan GNV. Identification of Anticancer and Antioxidant phytoconstituents from chloroform fraction of Solanum nigrum L. berries using GC-MS/MS analysis. Indian J Exp Biol 2016; 54:774-782. [PMID: 30179424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum is a traditional Indian plant acclaimed for its medicinal properties since antiquity. Among all plant parts fruit berries have shown to be most pharmacologically active part. In the present investigation, we tried to characterize the bioactive principles of chloroform fraction of S. nigrum (CFSn) fruit berries using GC-MS analysis. We could identify 29 compounds belonging to different chemical classes viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, proteins, phenolic compounds, and saponins. More specifically, we found two novel phenolic compounds, benzoiisovanillin and syringic acid (4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoic acid), which may be responsible for its pharmacological properties. Our phytochemical investigation of CFSn was well supported by its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity which we evaluated subsequently. Further, we investigated the anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) as well. Our in vitro results indicated that CFSn exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against both these cell lines and due induction of cancer cell death through apoptosis. Our study emphasizes the need for isolation and characterization of specific bioactive compounds of CFSn and determination of their mechanism of action responsible for its anticancer activity in breast cancer cells.
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Cheng M, Wang P, Kopittke PM, Wang A, Sale PWG, Tang C. Cadmium accumulation is enhanced by ammonium compared to nitrate in two hyperaccumulators, without affecting speciation. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:5041-50. [PMID: 27385767 PMCID: PMC5014155 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization could improve the efficiency of Cd phytoextraction in contaminated soil and thus shorten the remediation time. However, limited information is available on the effect of N form on Cd phytoextraction and associated mechanisms in plants. This study examined the effect of N form on Cd accumulation, translocation, and speciation in Carpobrotus rossii and Solanum nigrum Plants were grown in nutrient solution with 5-15 μM Cd in the presence of 1000 µM NH4 (+) or NO3 (-) Plant growth and Cd uptake were measured, and Cd speciation was analyzed using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Shoot Cd accumulation was 30% greater with NH4 (+) than NO3 (-) supply. Carpobrotus rossii accumulated three times more Cd than S. nigrum. However, Cd speciation in the plants was not influenced by N form, but it did vary with species and tissues. In C. rossii, up to 91% of Cd was bound to S-containing ligands in all tissues except the xylem sap where 87-95% were Cd-OH complexes. Furthermore, the proportion of Cd-S in shoots was substantially lower in S. nigrum (44-69%) than in C. rossii (60-91%). It is concluded that the application of NH4 (+) (instead of NO3 (-)) increased shoot Cd accumulation by increasing uptake and translocation, rather than changing Cd speciation, and is potentially an effective approach for increasing Cd phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Cheng
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peter W G Sale
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Alaswad AA, Krishnan HB. Immunological Investigation for the Presence of Lunasin, a Chemopreventive Soybean Peptide, in the Seeds of Diverse Plants. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:2901-9. [PMID: 27015324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lunasin, a 44 amino acid soybean bioactive peptide, exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. All soybean varieties that have been examined contain lunasin. It has also been reported in a few other plant species including amaranth, black nightshade, wheat, barley, rye, and triticale. Interestingly, detailed searches of transcriptome and DNA sequence databases of cereals failed to identify lunasin-coding sequences, raising questions about the authenticity of lunasin in cereals. To clarify the presence or absence of lunasin in cereals and other plant species, an immunological investigation was conducted utilizing polyclonal antibodies raised against the first 20 amino acid N-terminal peptide (SKWQHQQDSCRKQLQGVNLT) and a 15 amino acid C-terminal peptide (CEKHIMEKIQGRGDD) of lunasin. Protein blot analyses revealed the presence of proteins from several plants that reacted against the lunasin N-terminal peptide antibodies. However, the same proteins failed to react against the lunasin C-terminal peptide antibodies. These results demonstrate that peptides identical to soybean lunasin are absent in seeds of diverse plants examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Alaswad
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Tai CJ, Choong CY, Shi YC, Lin YC, Wang CW, Lee BH, Tai CJ. Solanum nigrum Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis via Suppression of Hyperglycemia in High-Fat/Ethanol Diet-Induced Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:269. [PMID: 26927042 PMCID: PMC6274119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) signal through the receptor for AGE (RAGE), which can lead to hepatic fibrosis in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. We investigated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from Solanum nigrum (AESN) on AGEs-induced RAGE signaling and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hyperglycemia induced by high-fat diet with ethanol. Methods: An animal model was used to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of AESN in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 30%) with ethanol (10%). Male Wistar rats (4 weeks of age) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): (1) control (basal diet); (2) HFD (30%) + ethanol (10%) (HFD/ethanol); (3) HFD/ethanol + AESN (100 mg/kg, oral administration); and (4) HFD/ethanol + pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, oral administration) and treated with HFD for 6 months in the presence or absence of 10% ethanol in dietary water. Results: We found that AESN improved insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and downregulated lipogenesis via regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARγ co-activator (PGC-1α), carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA levels in the liver of HFD/ethanol-treated rats. In turn, AESN may delay and inhibit the progression of hepatic fibrosis, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) inhibition and MMP-2 production. Conclusions: These results suggest that AESN may be further explored as a novel anti-fibrotic strategy for the prevention of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yen Choong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yeu-Ching Shi
- Taiwan Indigena Botanica Co., Ltd., Taipei 11458, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Woei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Jei Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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29
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Wei S, Bai J, Yang C, Zhang Q, Knorrm KH, Zhan J, Gao Q. Compound amino acids added in media improved Solanum nigrum L. phytoremediating CD-PAHS contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 2016; 18:358-363. [PMID: 26515779 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. was a promising plant used to simultaneously remediate Cd-PAHs combined pollution soil through its extra accumulation capacity and rhizosphere degradation. This article compared the strengthening remediation role of cysteine (Cys), glycine (Gly) and glutamic acid (Glu) with EDTA and TW80. The results showed that the addition of 0.03 mmol L(-1) Cys, Gly, and Glu didn't significantly impact (p < 0.05) shoot biomass of S. nigrum, but obviously increased Cd concentration. Therefore, Cd capacity (µg pot(-1)) in shoots of S. nigrum was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by 37.7% compared to the control without reagent added. At the meantime, the PAHs degradation ratio in rhizoshpere was increased by 34.5%. Basically, the improving role of Cys, Gly, and Glu was higher than EDTA and TW80. The main reasons of enhanced the accumulation of S. nigrum to Cd might lie in the addition of Cys, Gly, and Glu which reduced pH and increased extractable Cd concentration in rhizosphere and phytochelatines (PCs) concentration in leaves. As for the degradation of PAHs in rhizosphere, increased microorganism number might be play important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhe Wei
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Bai
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Chuanjie Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | | | - Jie Zhan
- d Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Qianhui Gao
- e Seed Control Station, Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Ulan Hot , P.R. China
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Ventrella E, Marciniak P, Adamski Z, Rosiński G, Chowański S, Falabella P, Scrano L, Bufo SA. Cardioactive properties of Solanaceae plant extracts and pure glycoalkaloids on Zophobas atratus. Insect Sci 2015; 22:251-262. [PMID: 24470045 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycoalkaloids, the biologically active secondary metabolites produced by Solanaceae plants, are natural defenses against animals, insects and fungi. In this paper, the effects of glycoalkaloids present in extracts of Solanaceae plants (potato, tomato and black nightshade) or pure commercial glycoalkaloids on the coleopteran Zophobas atratus F. were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo bioassays using heart experimental models. Each tested extract induced a dose-dependent cardioinhibitory effect. The perfusion of Zophobas atratus semi-isolated heart using the highest potato and tomato extract concentration (1 mmol/L) caused irreversible cardiac arrests, while extract from black nightshade produced fast but reversible arrests. Pure commercial glycoalkaloids caused similar but less evident effects compared with extracts. Our results showed that the bioactivity of tested compounds depended on their structure and suggested the existence of synergistic interactions when combinations of the main glycoalkaloids of potato and black nightshade were used for trials. Surprisingly, injection of tomato and potato extracts in 1-day-old pupae of Zophobas atratus induced reversible positive chronotropic effects and decreased the duration of the both phases (anterograde and retrograde) of the heart contractile activity. Furthermore, these extracts affected the amplitude of the heart contractions.
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Ramesh M, Anbuvannan M, Viruthagiri G. Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Solanum nigrum leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 136 Pt B:864-70. [PMID: 25459609 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we have described the green biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by using Solanum nigrum as capping agent. The functionalization of ZnO particles through S. nigrum leaf extract mediated bioreduction of ZnO was investigated through UV-Vis DRS, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and antibacterial activities. UV-Vis-DRS studies revealed that the indirect band gap 3.38 eV and photoluminescence study reveals the blue emission at 402, 447, 469 and 483 nm and the green emission at 529 nm respectively. In addition, the synthesized NPs are wurtzite hexagonal structure with an average grain size lies between 20 and 30 nm were found from XRD analysis. Further, FT-IR spectra revealed the functional groups and the presence of protein as the stabilizing agent for surrounding the ZnO NPs. The diameter of the NPs in the range of 20-30 nm was found from FE-SEM study. TEM analysis was investigated the ZnO NPs as a quasi-spherical in shape and their diameter at around 29.79 nm. Finally, the current study has clearly demonstrated that the particle size variations and surface area to volume ratios of ZnO NPs are responsible for significant higher antibacterial activities. Further, the present investigation suggests that ZnO NPs has the potential applications for various medical and industrial fields so, that the investigation is so useful and helpful to the scientific communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramesh
- Department of Physics, Physics Wing (DDE), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Anbuvannan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Viruthagiri
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Samardjieva KA, Gonçalves RF, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pissarra J, Pereira S, Tavares F. Zinc Accumulation and Tolerance in Solanum nigrum are Plant Growth Dependent. Int J Phytoremediation 2015; 17:272-279. [PMID: 25397986 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.898018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc tolerance, accumulation, and organic acid production by Solanum nigrum, a known Zn accumulator, was studied during pre- and post-flowering stages of development. The plants, when challenged with Zn concentrations lethal to plantlets, showed an increase in tolerance from pre-flowering to post-flowering, which was accompanied by a reduction of Zn translocation to the aerial plant parts. Treatment with Zn induced a differential response in organic acids according to the plant organ and developmental stage. In the roots, where Zn concentrations were similar in pre- and post-flowering plants, a general decrease in organic acid in pre-flowering roots contrasted with the increase observed in post-flowering plants. In the stems, Zn induced a generalized increase in organic acids at both growth stages while in the leaves, a slight increase in malic and shikimic was observed in pre-flowering plants and only shikimic acid levels were significantly increased in post-flowering plants. This work shows that Zn accumulation and tolerance in S. nigrum vary during plant development--an observation that may be important to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation approaches. Furthermore, the data suggest the involvement of specific organic acids in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina A Samardjieva
- a IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Razali FN, Ismail A, Abidin NZ, Shuib AS. Stimulatory effects of polysaccharide fraction from Solanum nigrum on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108988. [PMID: 25299340 PMCID: PMC4191994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharide fraction from Solanum nigrum Linne has been shown to have antitumor activity by enhancing the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the T-lymphocyte subpopulation. In this study, we analyzed a polysaccharide extract of S. nigrum to determine its modulating effects on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells since macrophages play a key role in inducing both innate and adaptive immune responses. Crude polysaccharide was extracted from the stem of S. nigrum and subjected to ion-exchange chromatography to partially purify the extract. Five polysaccharide fractions were then subjected to a cytotoxicity assay and a nitric oxide production assay. To further analyze the ability of the fractionated polysaccharide extract to activate macrophages, the phagocytosis activity and cytokine production were also measured. The polysaccharide fractions were not cytotoxic, but all of the fractions induced nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells. Of the five fractions tested, SN-ppF3 was the least toxic and also induced the greatest amount of nitric oxide, which was comparable to the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression detected in the cell lysate. This fraction also significantly induced phagocytosis activity and stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Our study showed that fraction SN-ppF3 could classically activate macrophages. Macrophage induction may be the manner in which polysaccharides from S. nigrum are able to prevent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Naeem Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Ismail
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhayati Zainal Abidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adawiyah Suriza Shuib
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abdel-Rahim EA, Abdel-Mobdy YE, Ali RF, Mahmoud HA. Hepatoprotective effects of Solanum nigrum Linn fruits against cadmium chloride toxicity in albino rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:400-8. [PMID: 25022247 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present work is aimed to investigate the toxicity of 1/20 LD50 of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on male albino rats by oral ingestion and to determine the hepatoprotective effect of Solanum nigrum Linn (SN) dried fruits and their ethanolic extract against CdCl2 toxicity using biochemical parameters. Rats were divided into six groups; the first group is control, second group is CdCl2-intoxicated rats, third group is fed with a semi-modified diet with S. nigrum fruits, fourth group rats ingested with dried extract, and intoxicated rats (groups 5 and 6) were treated with fruits and ethanolic extract of S. nigrum, respectively. The results showed that rats exposed to CdCl2 induced remarkable decrease in body weight gain, feed efficiency, and Hb, Hct, RBC, and WBC count and MCHC, but increase in MCV and MCH values. In the case of plasma enzymes, there were significant stimulations observed in ALT and AST, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and LDH activities of CdCl2-intoxicated rats (group 2) compared to control (group 1). Plasma protein profile showed decreases in total soluble protein and albumin; also globulin content was decreased by CdCl2 ingestion. Under the same condition, plasma total bilirubin and glucose levels were increased in group 2. In addition, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative system (GSH, catalase, and SOD) of liver were harmed by CdCl2 ingestion. Whereas, normal rats treated with SN showed insignificant changes in groups 3 and 4 as compared to control (group 1). The treatment with dried fruits and their ethanolic extract in CdCl2-intoxicated rats (groups 5 and 6) ameliorated and improved these harmful effects in all above parameters either for blood or liver. The results of this study suggest the protective effect of S. nigrum against liver injury happened by CdCl2 which may be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity and thereby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emam A Abdel-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,
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Shen KH, Liao ACH, Hung JH, Lee WJ, Hu KC, Lin PT, Liao RF, Chen PS. α-Solanine inhibits invasion of human prostate cancer cell by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMPs expression. Molecules 2014; 19:11896-914. [PMID: 25116803 PMCID: PMC6271914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Solanine, a naturally occurring steroidal glycoalkaloid found in nightshade (Solanum nigrum Linn.), was found to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the mechanism involved in suppression of cancer cell metastasis by α-solanine remains unclear. This study investigates the suppression mechanism of α-solanine on motility of the human prostate cancer cell PC-3. Results show that α-solanine reduces the viability of PC-3 cells. When treated with non-toxic doses of α-solanine, cell invasion is markedly suppressed by α-solanine. α-Solanine also significantly elevates epithelial marker E-cadherin expression, while it concomitantly decreases mesenchymal marker vimentin expression, suggesting it suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). α-Solanine reduces the mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and extracellular inducer of matrix metalloproteinase (EMMPRIN), but increases the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2. Immunoblotting assays indicate α-solanine is effective in suppressing the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), Akt and ERK. Moreover, α-solanine downregulates oncogenic microRNA-21 (miR-21) and upregulates tumor suppressor miR-138 expression. Taken together, the results suggest that inhibition of PC-3 cell invasion by α-solanine may be, at least in part, through blocking EMT and MMPs expression. α-Solanine also reduces ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and regulates expression of miR-21 and miR-138. These findings suggest an attractive therapeutic potential of α-solanine for suppressing invasion of prostate cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hung Shen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
| | - Alex Chien-Hwa Liao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Chieh Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Tsen Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Fang Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Shern Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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Hu B, An HM, Shen KP, Shi XF, Deng S, Wei MM. [Effect of Solanum nigrum on human colon carcinoma RKO cells ]. Zhong Yao Cai 2013; 36:958-961. [PMID: 24380285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Solanum nigrum on adhesion, migration and invasion in human colon carcinoma RKO cells. METHODS RKO cells were treated with different dose of Solanum nigrum. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell adhesion was observed with CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay. Cell migration was detected with scratch assay. Cell invasion was analyzed by CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Invasion Assay. RESULTS At final concentration of 400-1600 microg/mL, Solanum nigrum significantly inhibited proliferation of RKO cells in a dose-dependent manner. At final concentration of 100-400 microg/mL, Solanum nigrum significantly inhibited adhesion,migration and invasion in RKO cells. CONCLUSION Solanum nigrum may inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasive abilities in RKO cells. The present study provides new insight into the application of Solanum nigrum for colon carcinoma treatment that are worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hong-Mei An
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ke-Ping Shen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shan Deng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wei
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wan Y, Luo S, Chen J, Xiao X, Chen L, Zeng G, Liu C, He Y. Effect of endophyte-infection on growth parameters and Cd-induced phytotoxicity of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Chemosphere 2012; 89:743-50. [PMID: 22858258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate effects of endophytic bacterium inoculation on plant growth and assess the possible mechanism of endophyte in heavy metal phytoremediation. Seeds of Solanum nigrum L. were inoculated with endophyte Serratia nematodiphila LRE07 and were subjected to Cd in the growing medium. Cd produced a significant inhibition on plant growth and a reduction in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The inoculation of endophytic bacterium alleviated the Cd-induced changes, resulting in more biomass production and higher photosynthetic pigments content of leaves compared with non-symbiotic ones. The beneficial effect was more obvious at relatively low Cd concentration (10 μM). Based on the alteration of nutrient uptake and activated oxygen metabolism in infected plants, the possible mechanisms of endophytic bacterium in Cd phytotoxicity reduction can be concluded as uptake enhancement of essential mineral nutrition and improvement in the antioxidative enzymes activities in infected plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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NAWAB AKBAR, THAKUR VIJAYS, YUNUS MOHAMMAD, MAHDI ABBASALI, GUPTA SANJAY. Selective cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by a polyphenol-rich extract of Solanum nigrum. Int J Mol Med 2012; 29:277-84. [PMID: 22076244 PMCID: PMC3981642 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer is associated with escape of tumor cells from cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Agents capable of selectively eliminating cancer cells by cell cycle arrest and/or induction of apoptosis offer a highly desirable approach. Here we demonstrate that a polyphenolic extract derived from ripe berries of Solanum nigrum (SN) differentially causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various human prostate cancer cells without affecting normal prostate epithelial cells. Virally transformed normal human prostate epithelial PZ-HPV-7 cells and their cancer counterpart CA-HPV-10 cells, were used to evaluate the growth-inhibitory effects of the SN extract. SN treatment (5-20 µg/ml) of PZ-HPV-7 cells resulted in growth inhibitory responses of low magnitude. In sharp contrast, SN treatment of CA-HPV-10 cells increased cytotoxicity, decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis. Similar results were noted in the human prostate cancer LNCaP, 22Rv1, DU145 and PC-3 cell lines, where significant reductions in cell viability and induction of apoptosis was observed in all these cells, an effect independent of disease stage and androgen association. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SN treatment (5-20 µg/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent G2/M phase arrest and subG1 accumulation in the CA-HPV-10 but not in the PZ-HPV-7 cell line. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate that the SN extract is capable of selectively inhibiting cellular proliferation and accelerating apoptotic events in prostate cancer cells. SN may be developed as a promising therapeutic and/or preventive agent against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- AKBAR NAWAB
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - VIJAY S. THAKUR
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - MOHAMMAD YUNUS
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - ABBAS ALI MAHDI
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - SANJAY GUPTA
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ding X, Zhu FS, Li M, Gao SG. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by solamargine from Solanum nigrum L. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:599-604. [PMID: 22172325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum nigrum L. (SNL), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb endowed with diuretic, antipyretic and hepatoprotective effects, has been used as a major ingredient of folk prescriptions for anticancer treatment in China. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of solamargine (SM), a major steroidal alkaloid glycoside purified from SNL, on human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and investigate the possible mechanism of SM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MTT assay was used to evaluate the IC(50) on tumor cell lines. The effect on morphology was observed with a light or fluorescence microscopy. The rate of apoptosis and the cell cycle were measured using flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of caspase-3 protein was measured by colorimetric assay. RESULTS SM significantly inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SM caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover, SM could up-regulate the expression of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that SM exerted potential anticancer activity on SMMC-7721 cells in vitro through the activation of caspase-3 and the regulation of the cell cycle progression to induce apoptosis and inhibit hepatoma cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricutural University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Ji P, Song Y, Sun T, Liu Y, Cao X, Xu D, Yang X, McRae T. In-situ cadmium phytoremediation using Solanum nigrum L.: the bio-accumulation characteristics trail. Int J Phytoremediation 2011; 13:1014-1023. [PMID: 21972568 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2010.549861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Solanum nigrum L. was used in-situ for Cdphytoremediation in Cd polluted soil on Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation area (SZIA) in 2008. The performance of the plant over the whole growth stage was assessed. Results showed, during the whole experimental stage, the aboveground biomass of single Solanum nigrum L. grew by a factor of 190, from 1.6 +/- 0.4 g to 300.3 +/- 30.2 g with 141.2 times extracted Cd increase from 0.025 +/- 0.001 to 3.53 +/- 0.16 mg. Both the distribution of biomass and amount of extracted Cd in the above-ground part of the plant changed according to the growth of the plant. Particularly, the percentage of biomass and extracted Cd in the stem increased from 20% to 80% and from 11% to 69%, respectively. The bioconcentration factor and transfer factor both varied significantly during the growth of the plant and the lowest values were measured at the flowering stage (0.94 +/- 0.31 and 3.48 +/- 1.14 respectively). The results in this paper provide reference values for the future research on the application of Solanum nigrum L. in phytoremediation and on chemical or/and agricultural strategies for phytoextraction efficiency enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Jisha S, Sreeja S, Manjula S. In vitro & in vivo estrogenic activity of glycoside fractions of Solanum nigrum fruit. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:369-74. [PMID: 21985821 PMCID: PMC3193719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The mature fruits of Solanum nigrum contains steroidal glycosides. These are often used as vegetable and there are evidences on tribal use of these fruits as an oral contraceptive. The present study was carried out to evaluate the estrogenic potential of S. nigrum fruits by in vitro and in vivo assays. METHODS Defatted methanol extract of dried S. nigrum fruits was column fractionated and the glycoside positive fractions pooled. Definite concentrations of the fraction were used for in vitro and in vivo assays. The effect on cell viability was analyzed in MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay followed by in vitro evaluation of estrogenicity by hydroxy apatite (HAP) binding assay. The results were further evaluated in vivo by performing uterotrophic assay in ovariectomized mouse models. RESULTS At low concentration (40 μg/ml), SNGF induced a dose-dependent increase in MCF-7 cell proliferation, while higher extract concentrations (80-320 μg/ml) caused progressive cell growth inhibition. The competitive binding assay using ³H-E₂ suggests that this effect is mediated by estrogen receptor. Mouse uterotrophic assay revealed a classical uterotrophic response in ovariectomized mice in response to S. nigrum glycoside fraction (SNGF). SNGF at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body wt induced the maximum height of luminal epithelial cells which indicated an increase of 30.8 per cent over control (P<0.01) with a correlated increase in uterine wet wt (150% increase over control). Higher doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body wt) of SNGF did not induce any uterotrophic effect. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data demonstrate the hormone like activity of Solanum glycosides both in vitro and in vivo in mouse, which needs to be further explored to evaluate the possible mechanism and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jisha
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. Sreeja
- Integrated Cancer Research Programme, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. Manjula
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Wang L, Gao G, Bai Y, Luo W, Lin C, Jia Q. Fingerprint quality detection of Solanum nigrum using high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection. Pharm Biol 2011; 49:595-601. [PMID: 21554001 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.535171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Solanum nigrum Linn. (Solanaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for cancer therapy. It is urgent to develop a novel quality standard to validly detect its quality. OBJECTIVE To control its quality, a novel, accurate, and valid fingerprint method was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) in the current case. We could evaluate the quality of different batches and assure the stability of herbs' quality in subsequent research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HPLC-ELSD fingerprints have been developed through analyzing 41 batches of raw herbs collected from different areas in different harvesting time. RESULTS We have determined the optimum extraction and detection conditions in the process of establishing herb fingerprint. And, we could establish reference fingerprint to control such herb quality. Also, we could determine optimum collecting location and harvesting time according to the fingerprint. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It is the first time a new method has been established to control the quality of S. nigrum through HPLC-ELSD. We developed combining similarity evaluation to identify and distinguish raw materials efficiently from different sources. For S. nigrum the most influenced factor on herb quality was the collecting location, and the next was the harvesting time. So, in order to get the consistent raw materials, the collecting location and the harvesting time should be fixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Yuan H, Chen Y, Cai B, Jia X, Chen Y. [Simultaneous determination of three steroidal alkaloids from Solanum Nigrum by RP-HPLC]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2011; 36:1630-1632. [PMID: 22007549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new method for simultaneous determination of solasonine (1), solamargine (2) and khasianine (3) in Solanum Nigrum by reversed-phase HPLC was developed. METHOD The samples were separated at 30 degrees C on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) column with acetonitrile-water-phosphoric as mobile phase. Flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was 205 nm. RESULT There was good linearity between the peak area and concentration at the ranges of 0.860-10.320 microg (r = 0.999 7), 0.726-8.710 microg (r = 0.999 7), 0.856-10.270 microg (r = 0.999 7) for 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The average recoveries of 1, 2 and 3 were 101.04%, 99.65%, 100.17%. CONCLUSION The method is rapid, simple and accurate, and it can be used for the evaluation of Solanum Nigrum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Yuan
- Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China.
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Lin TC, Fan MC, Wang SY, Huang JW. Identification of the Solanum nigrum extract component involved in controlling cabbage black leaf spot disease. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:1667-1672. [PMID: 21294509 DOI: 10.1021/jf103698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we discovered that an ethanol (EtOH) extract of Solanum nigrum inhibited spore germination of Alternaria brassicicola, the causative agent of cabbage black leaf spot disease. At a concentration of 500 mg/L, this ethanol extract also caused the germ tubes to become completely swollen. Detached cabbage leaves were then used to evaluate the effects of the extract in controlling the disease. It was observed that the extract-induced swelling of A. brassicicola germ-tube spores did not cause the symptoms of black spot disease on cabbage leaves. Furthermore, an n-butanol fraction of the EtOH extract exhibited strong antifungal activity; at a concentration of 25 mg/L, a derived subfraction (Bu-11-13) showed complete inhibition of spore germination. A white powder was collected from fraction Bu-11-13, and its minimum inhibitory concentration was determined to be 8 mg/L. Using NMR and LC-MS/MS analysis, this white powder compound was identified as degalactotigonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chun Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and ‡Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Ji P, Sun T, Song Y, Ackland ML, Liu Y. Strategies for enhancing the phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated agricultural soils by Solanum nigrum L. Environ Pollut 2011; 159:762-8. [PMID: 21185631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Field trials contribute practical information towards the development of phytoremediation strategies that cannot be provided by laboratory tests. We conducted field experiments utilizing the Cd hyperaccumulator plant Solanum nigrum L., on farmland contaminated with 1.91 mg kg(-1) Cd in the soil. Our study showed that S. nigrum has a relatively high biomass. Planting density had a significant effect on the plant biomass and thus on overall Cd accumulation. For double harvesting, an optimal cutting position influenced the amount of Cd extracted from soils. Double cropping was found to significantly increase the amount of Cd extracted by S. nigrum. Fertilizing had no significant effect on plant biomass or on the Cd remediation of the soil over the short-term period. Our study indicates that S. nigrum can accumulate Cd from soils where the concentrations are relatively low, and thus has application for use in decontamination of slightly to moderately Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Jain R, Sharma A, Gupta S, Sarethy IP, Gabrani R. Solanum nigrum: current perspectives on therapeutic properties. Altern Med Rev 2011; 16:78-85. [PMID: 21438649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, NOIDA, India
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Wang HC, Chung PJ, Wu CH, Lan KP, Yang MY, Wang CJ. Solanum nigrum L. polyphenolic extract inhibits hepatocarcinoma cell growth by inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:178-185. [PMID: 20853273 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly progressive cancer with poor prognosis. However, there have been no significant new developments in treating liver cancer. To search for an effective agent against HCC progression, we prepared a polyphenolic extract of Solanum nigrum L. (SNPE), a herbal plant indigenous to Southeast Asia and commonly used in oriental medicine, to evaluate its inhibitive effect on hepatocarcinoma cell growth. The growth inhibition of HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo was determined in the presence of SNPE. RESULTS We found 1 µg mL(-1) SNPE-fed mice showed decreased tumor weight and tumor volume by 90%. Notably, 2 µg mL(-1) SNPE resulted in almost complete inhibition of tumor weight as well as tumor volume. In line with this notion, SNPE reduced the viability of HepG(2) cells in a dose-dependent manner. HepG(2) cells were arrested in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle; meanwhile, the protein levels of cell CDC25A, CDC25B, and CDC25C were clearly reduced. Moreover, sub-G(1) phase accumulation and caspases-3, 8, and 9 cleavages were induced by SNPE. CONCLUSION This study shows that SNPE is a potent agent for HCC treatment through targeting G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis induction, achieving cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang HC, Wu DH, Chang YC, Li YJ, Wang CJ. Solanum nigrum Linn. water extract inhibits metastasis in mouse melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:11913-11923. [PMID: 21028816 DOI: 10.1021/jf1022065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer notoriously resistant to current cancer therapies. Thus, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Solanum nigrum Linn., commonly used in Oriental medicine, has showed antineoplastic activity in human cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitive effect of S. nigrum Linn. water extract (SNWE) on melanoma metastasis and dissect the underlying mechanisms of SNWE actions. B16-F1 cells were analyzed for migrating and invasive abilities with SNWE treatment, and several putative targets involved in metastatic melanoma were examined. In parallel, primary mouse xenograft and lung metastasis of melanoma models were established to examine the therapeutic potential of SNWE. The results indicated SNWE significantly inhibited B16-F1 cell migration and invasion. Meanwhile, decreased Akt activity and PKCα, Ras, and NF-κB protein expressions were detected in dose-dependent manners. In line with this notion, >50% reduced tumor weight and lung metastatic nodules were observed in 1% SNWE fed mice. This was associated with reduced serum MMP-9 as well as Akt activity and PKCα, Ras, and NF-κB protein expressions. Thus, this work indicates SNWE has potential application for treating metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen Y, Li S, Sun F, Han H, Zhang X, Fan Y, Tai G, Zhou Y. In vivo antimalarial activities of glycoalkaloids isolated from Solanaceae plants. Pharm Biol 2010; 48:1018-24. [PMID: 20731554 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903440211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Malaria is one of the most common and serious protozoan tropical diseases. Multi-drug resistance remains pervasive, necessitating the continuous development of new antimalarial agents. OBJECTIVE Many glycosides, such as triterpenoid saponins, were shown to have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. This study was to elucidate the ability of five glycoalkaloids against Plasmodium yoelii and develop new antimalarial lead compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glycoalkaloids were isolated from three kinds of Solanaceae plants: chaconine and solanine were isolated from Solanum tuberosum L. sprouts, solamargine and solasonine from Solanum nigrum L. fruit, tomatine from Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. fruit. The five isolated glycoalkaloids were evaluated against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in mice with 4-day parasitemia suppression test in different concentrations. RESULTS Chaconine showed a dose-dependent suppression of malaria infection, ED50, 4.49 mg/kg; therapeutic index (TI), approximately 9. At a dose of 7.50 mg/kg, the parasitemia suppressions of chaconine, tomatine, solamargine, solasonine and solanine were 71.38, 65.25, 64.89, 57.47 and 41.30%, respectively. At 3.75 mg/kg, the parasitemia suppression of chaconine was 42.66%, but the derivative, chaconine-6-O-sulfate, appeared to show no antimalarial activity. Simultaneous administration of chaconine and solanine in 1:1 did not show any synergistic effects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results showed that the glycoalkaloids with chacotriose (chaconine and solamargine) were more active than those with solatriose (solanine and solasonine). Chaconine was the most active among the five glycoalkaloids. We propose that the activity is dependent upon non-specific carbohydrate interactions. The 6-OH of chaconine is important for antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Huang HC, Syu KY, Lin JK. Chemical composition of Solanum nigrum linn extract and induction of autophagy by leaf water extract and its major flavonoids in AU565 breast cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:8699-8708. [PMID: 20681660 DOI: 10.1021/jf101003v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum Linn (SN) belongs to the Solanaceae family, is a plant growing widely in south Asia, and has been used in traditional folk medicine. It is believed to have antipyretic, diuretic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects. During the summertime, this plant has been heavily used to supplement beverages to quench thirst on hot days in Taiwan and several southern Asian countries. In this study, the polyphenols and anthocyanidin in various parts of the SN plant were analyzed by HPLC. The leaves were found to be richer in polyphenols than stem and fruit. SN leaves contained the highest concentration of gentisic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, and m-coumaric acid. However, the anthocyanidin existed only in the purple fruits. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the leaf, stem, or fruit extract was evaluated against cancer cell lines and normal cells. The results showed that AU565 breast cancer cells were more sensitive to the extract. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a significant cytotoxic effect of SN leaf extract on AU565 cells that was mediated via two different mechanisms depending on the exposure concentrations. A low dose of SN leaf extract induced autophagy but not apoptosis. Higher doses (>100 microg/mL) of SN leaf extract could inhibit the level of p-Akt and cause cell death due to the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. However, these findings indicate that SN leaf extract induced cell death in breast cells via two distinct antineoplastic activities, the abilities to induce apoptosis and autophagy, therefore suggesting that it may provide a useful remedy to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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