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Chen Q, Feng Y, Ran Z, Zhou Z, Li Q, Luo Y, Cai S, Chen S, Yang J, Tian X. Soil Cd increased the leaf litter Cd remains of Solanum nigrum and Solanum lycopersicum. Environ Pollut 2024; 347:123703. [PMID: 38442822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Plant litter decomposition is a natural pathway of heavy metal cycling in soil ecosystems, but the dynamics of heavy metal release during litter decomposition are relatively poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of species, soil fauna and soil Cd addition on litter decomposition and Cd release dynamics. Therefore, we selected two plants, Solanum nigrum and S. lycopersicum with large differences in Cd accumulation capacity. First, they were enriched with Cd during the growing period and leaf litter was harvested after 6 months of pretreatment. Then, the decomposition of leaf litter was conducted with or without soil Cd and Eisenia fetida through lab pot tests. Our results showed that leaf litter Cd led to a significant decrease in litter decomposition rate (K value), with a maximum decrease of 32.1% in S. nigrum and 30.1% in S. lycopersicum. We observed that the presence of E. fetida significantly increased K value, but the effect was similar in the +leaf Cd treatment and the -leaf Cd treatment, both for S. nigrum and S. lycopersicum. Interestingly, the litter Cd concentration did not decrease during decomposition, but showed an increasing trend, especially for S. nigrum in the +soil Cd treatment. Moreover, the litter Cd remains was higher in the +soil Cd treatment compared to the -soil Cd treatment for both S. nigrum and S. lycopersicum, no matter whether with or without E. fetida. This result suggests that the Cd may be transferred from soil to litter, thus increasing the litter Cd remains. Overall, our study shows that leaf litter Cd slowed down the carbon cycling in ecosystems. In addition, the release of litter Cd has a lag, and the litter has a certain adsorption capacity for soil Cd, which intensifies the harm to the ecology during litter transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zunian Ran
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zeyan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qianwei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunchao Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Sulin Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junbo Yang
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
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Yadav KS, Bisen AC, Ishteyaque S, Sharma I, Verma S, Sanap SN, Verma S, Washimkar KR, Kumar A, Tripathi V, Bhatta RS, Mugale MN. Solanum nigrum Toxicity and Its Neuroprotective Effect Against Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Through Modulation of Extracellular Matrix in a Glaucoma Rat Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38603587 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Glaucoma is a complex degenerative optic neuropathy characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to irreversible vision loss and blindness. Solanum nigrum has been used for decades in traditional medicine system. However, no extensive studies were reported on its antiglaucoma properties. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of S. nigrum extract on RGC against glaucoma rat model. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the phytochemical profile of aqueous extract of S. nigrum (AESN). In vitro, {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide} (MTT) and H2DCFDA assays were used to determine cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea cells. In vivo, AESN was orally administered to carbomer-induced rats for 4 weeks. Intraocular pressure, antioxidant levels, and electrolytes were determined. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate the neurodegeneration of RGC. Results: MTT assay showed AESN exhibited greater cell viability and minimal ROS production at 10 μg/mL. Slit lamp and funduscopy confirmed glaucomatous changes in carbomer-induced rats. Administration of AESN showed minimal peripheral corneal vascularization and restored histopathological alterations such as minimal loss of corneal epithelium and moderate narrowing of the iridocorneal angle. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed increased expression of positive BRN3A cells and decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation in retina and cornea, whereas western blot analysis revealed downregulation of extracellular matrix proteins (COL-1 and MMP-9) in AESN-treated rats compared with the diseased group rats. Conclusions: AESN protects RGC loss through remodeling of MMPs and, therefore, can be used for the development of novel neurotherapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh Yadav
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Sharmeen Ishteyaque
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Isha Sharma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Shobhit Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Tripathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ming X, Chen X, Ma H, Li C, Zhao Z, Li J, Du Y. The fertility tracks of pollen tube in the ovary of Solanum nigrum by three-dimensional reconstruction. J Microsc 2024; 293:86-97. [PMID: 38108660 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an enhanced method for automatically capturing a large number of consecutive paraffin sections using a microscope. Leveraging these microstructural images, we employed three-dimensional visualisation and reconstruction techniques to investigate the dispersal growth process of pollen tube bundles upon entering the ovary of Solanum nigrum. Additionally, we explored their behaviour within different ovules and examined the relationship between the germination rate of seeds and the fertilisation process. Our findings reveal that despite the abundance of Solanum nigrum seeds, only a fraction of them is capable of successful germination. The germination rate of seeds is closely related to whether fertilisation of the ovules and pollen tubes is completed. Due to the limited number of pollen tubes entering the ovary, only a portion of the ovules can be fertilised. The proportion of fertilised ovules positively correlates with the germination rate of the seeds. Through three-dimensional reconstruction, we observed a phenomenon of proximity during the pollination process, wherein ovules closer to the pollen tube bundles are more likely to be fertilised. Furthermore, fertilised ovules exhibited significant changes in morphology and embryo sac structure. The number of fertilised ovules directly impacts the germination rate of wild Solanum nigrum seeds. Although all Solanum nigrum ovules have the potential to develop into seeds, most seeds originating from unfertilised ovules are unable to germinate normally, resulting in an incomplete germination rate of seeds and preventing it from reaching 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ming
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xia Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Biocoenosis and Biodiversity, Academy of Science of Changbai Mountain, Yanbian, Jilin, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Institute of Economic Botany, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinying Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingda Du
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Roelen C, Mulder-Spijkerboer HN, Gee ESI, Kolukirik P, Biesta-Peters EG, Royen H. Public health risk due to contamination of Solanum nigrum in frozen green beans - collaboration effort between a poison centre, a hospital and health authorities. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024; 62:126-128. [PMID: 38451472 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2320838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe a rare food contamination of organically grown frozen green beans with Solanum nigrum, also called black night shade, which were widely available in supermarkets in the Netherlands. CASE SERIES To our knowledge, only three adults and one child were referred to the emergency department for observation after eating the contaminated green beans. Only minor symptoms were seen during observation. The remainder of the frozen green beans were obtained from the patients and sent for analysis within one day. Within two and a half days after the first case, a public safety warning and recall were launched. DISCUSSION Due to an increase in popularity of organic food, more incidents involving toxic weed contaminants like the one we describe in this report could happen when quality control in organic agriculture is insufficient. In this event, the critical control point obtained from the hazard analysis was insufficiently managed by the producer. CONCLUSION This report demonstrates the efficient collaboration between the Dutch Poisons Information Centre, treating physicians at the hospital and the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority in case of a possible public safety issue. Because of quick acting and collaboration between the involved parties, the product was quickly withdrawn from the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Roelen
- Dutch Poisons Information Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eleanor S I Gee
- Isala Regional Hospital location Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Els G Biesta-Peters
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Royen
- Isala Regional Hospital location Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Zhang H, Lv JL, Zheng QS, Li J. Active components of Solanum nigrum and their antitumor effects: a literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1329957. [PMID: 38192621 PMCID: PMC10773844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1329957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a serious threat to human health and overall well-being. Conventional cancer treatments predominantly encompass surgical procedures and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, the substantial side effects and the emergence of drug resistance in patients significantly diminish their quality of life and overall prognosis. There is an acute need for innovative, efficient therapeutic agents to address these challenges. Plant-based herbal medicines and their derived compounds offer promising potential for cancer research and treatment due to their numerous advantages. Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum), a traditional Chinese medicine, finds extensive use in clinical settings. The steroidal compounds within S. nigrum, particularly steroidal alkaloids, exhibit robust antitumor properties either independently or when combined with other drugs. Many researchers have delved into unraveling the antitumor mechanisms of the active components present in S. nigrum, yielding notable progress. This literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of the research advancements concerning the active constituents of S. nigrum. Furthermore, it outlines the action mechanisms of select monomeric anticancer ingredients. Overall, the insights derived from this review offer a new perspective on the development of clinical anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun-lin Lv
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiu-sheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Shah HS, Zaib S, Khan I, Sliem MA, Alharbi O, Al-Ghorbani M, Jawad Z, Shahzadi K, Awan S. Preparation and investigation of a novel combination of Solanum nigrum-loaded, arabinoxylan-cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges for the treatment of cancer: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1325498. [PMID: 38125886 PMCID: PMC10730681 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1325498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer contributes to a high mortality rate worldwide spanning its diversity from genetics to resistant therapeutic response. To date emerging strategies to combat and manage cancer are particularly focused on the development of targeted therapies as conventional treatments account for the destruction of normal cells as well. In this regard, medicinal plant-based therapies are quite promising in imposing minimal side effects; however, limitations like poor bioavailability and stability of bioactive phytochemicals are associated with them. In parallel, nanotechnology provides nominal solution to deliver particular therapeutic agent without compromising its stability. Methods: In this study, Solanum nigrum, an effective medicinal plant, loaded arabinoxylan cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (SN-AXCDNS) were designed to evaluate antitumor activity against breast cancer. Therefore, SN-AXCDNS were prepared by using cross-linker melt method and characterized by physicochemical and pharmacological parameters. Results: Hydrodynamic size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were estimated as 226 ± 4 nm, -29.15 ± 5.71 mV and 93%, respectively. Surface morphology of nanocomposites showed spherical, smooth, and porous form. Antitumor pharmacological characterization showed that SN loaded nanosponge demonstrated higher cytotoxicity (22.67 ± 6.11 μg/mL), by inducing DNA damage as compared to void SN extract. Flow cytometry analysis reported that encapsulated extract promoted cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 (9.51%). Moreover, in vivo analysis demonstrates the reduction in tumor weight and 85% survival chances in nanosponge treated mice featuring its effectiveness. In addition, in silico analysis revealed that β-cyclodextrin potentially inhibits MELK in breast cancer cell lines (B.E = -10.1 Kcal/mol). Conclusion: Therefore, findings of current study elucidated the therapeutic potential of β-cyclodextrin based nanosponges to be an alternative approach regarding the delivery and solubilization of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud A. Sliem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zobia Jawad
- Ladywillingdon Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Awan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Venkataravanappa V, Ashwathappa KV, Hiremath S, Manjunatha L, Shankarappa KS, Krishna Reddy M, Lakshminarayana Reddy CN. Begomovirus and DNA-satellites association with mosaic and leaf curl disease of Solanum nigrum and Physalis minima: the new hosts for chilli leaf curl virus. Virusdisease 2023; 34:504-513. [PMID: 38046062 PMCID: PMC10686937 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The numerous plants of Solanum nigrum L, and Physalis minima L, well-known weeds with medicinal properties in agriculture and horticulture crops exhibiting severe mosaic, enation and leaf curl symptoms, were collected from the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The begomovirus infection in S. nigrum and P. minima was validated by PCR using virus-specific primers. The whole genome of the represented isolate of S. nigrum (SN1), P. minima (PM1), and beta satellite was amplified, cloned and sequenced. The SDT analysis showed that the DNA-A of PM1 and SN1 isolate showed the highest nt identity of 87.4 to 99.1%, with several chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCuV) isolates from India and Oman, respectively. The betasatellite sequence (PM1β) obtained from the PM1 isolate showed a very low identity of 83.1-84.5%. A demarcation threshold of 91% for betasatellite species delineation has led to identifying a new betasatellite in the PM1 sample. This unique betasatellite has been named "physalis minima leaf curl betasatellite," indicating its novelty with the plant. Whereas, betasatellite sequence (SN1β) obtained from the SN1 sample showed 86.8-91.2% nucleotide identity with ChiLCB isolates infecting several crops in Indian subcontinents. The RDP analysis of the viral genome and betasatellite of SN1 and PM1 isolates revealed recombination in substantial portions of their genetic makeup, which appeared to have originated from pre-existing begomoviruses known to infect diverse host species. The present research also highlights the potential role of these plants as significant reservoir hosts for ChiLCuV in chili plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00850-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Venkataravanappa
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Horticultural Experimental Station (CHES), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Chettalli, Madikeri District, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560089 India
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - K. V. Ashwathappa
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Horticultural Experimental Station (CHES), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Chettalli, Madikeri District, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - Shridhar Hiremath
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR- North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - L. Manjunatha
- Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India
| | - K. S. Shankarappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, 560 065 India
- University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka India
| | - M. Krishna Reddy
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Horticultural Experimental Station (CHES), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Chettalli, Madikeri District, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - C. N. Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
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Sharma D, Joshi M, Apparsundaram S, Goyal RK, Patel B, Dhobi M. Solanum nigrum L. in COVID-19 and post-COVID complications: a propitious candidate. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2221-2240. [PMID: 36689040 PMCID: PMC9868520 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has changed the world scenario and caused mortality around the globe. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 have shown neurological, psychological, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological complications. In some patients, complications lasted more than 6 months. However, significantly less attention has been given to post-COVID complications. Currently available drugs are used to tackle the complications, but new interventions must address the problem. Phytochemicals from natural sources have been evaluated in recent times to cure or alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. An edible plant, Solanum nigrum, could be therapeutic in treating COVID-19 as the AYUSH ministry of India prescribes it during the pandemic. S. nigrum demonstrates anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral action to treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its post-complications. Different parts of the plant represent a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and prevent multi-organ failure by protecting various organs (liver, kidney, heart, neuro, and lung). The review proposes the possible role of the plant S. nigrum in managing the symptoms of COVID-19 and its post-COVID complications based on in silico docking and pharmacological studies. Further systematic and experimental studies are required to validate our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Mit Joshi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, 382481, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Subbu Apparsundaram
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector-9, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India.
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Zhang J, Cao L, Zhu X, Li H, Duan G, Wang Y. Accumulation and transfer of polystyrene microplastics in Solanum nigrum seedlings. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15967. [PMID: 37667751 PMCID: PMC10475273 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is lately receiving increasing attention owing to its harmful impact on terrestrial ecosystems. In this microcosm study, we assessed the uptake and transfer of MPs in Solanum nigrum seedlings exposed to 50 mg L-1 of 0.2-µm polystyrene (PS) beads for 30 d. Confocal laser scanning micrographs helped detect highly intense red fluorescence signals from PS-MP beads in S. nigrum root compared with the controls. Confocal images revealed that the PS beads were primarily distributed in the epidermis and xylem of roots and vascular systems of stems and leaves. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PS beads were scattered on the cell walls of the root xylem and leaf vascular system. Few PS beads were transferred from roots to stems and leaves via the vascular system following the transpiration stream. In conclusion, our findings showed that PS beads accumulated in S. nigrum roots and were transferred from the roots to the aerial parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuKui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
| | - Lian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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Choi JW, Choi HJ, Ryu GH, Lee JW, Jeong JB. Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by Solanum nigrum by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:333. [PMID: 37346399 PMCID: PMC10280322 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that Solanum nigrum exhibits anti-obesity effects in animal models induced by a high-fat diet. However, research on how Solanum nigrum exerts its anti-obesity effects is currently limited. Thus, the present study focused on identifying the mechanism of action associated with the anti-obesity activity of Solanum nigrum aerial part (SNAP), which significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was analyzed by Oil-Red O staining and glycerol content was analyzed using an ELISA kit. In addition, changes in protein expression within 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed using western blot analysis. It decreased the expression level of adipogenic proteins such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponectin. In addition, SNAP increased the expression levels of lipolytic proteins, such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, while decreasing perilipin-1. The treatment of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells increased the free glycerol levels. SNAP treatment resulted in increased AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and the expression levels of thermogenic proteins (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α, PR domain containing 16 and uncoupling protein 1) and an autophagic protein (LC3-II). Overall, these results suggested that SNAP inhibited lipid droplet accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Choi
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jin Choi
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Ryu
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Two previously undescribed steroidal alkaloids, compounds 1-2, along with two known ones(3-4), were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of ripe berries of Solanum nigrum by chromatographic methods, including silica gel, ODS, and HPLC. Based on spectroscopic and chemical evidence, including IR, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data, the structures of the isolated compounds were identified as 12β,27-dihydroxy solasodine-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), 27-hydroxy solasodine-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(2), solalyraine A(3), and 12β,27-dihydroxy solasodine(4). Compounds 1-2 were tested for their potential effects against the proliferation of A549 cells, which revealed that compounds 1-2 had weak cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ke Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Liang-Yu Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jian-Nong Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jian-Xun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
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Bai M, Zhang Q, Hou ZL, Li C, Zhou WY, Yao GD, Huang XX, Song SJ. Chemical constituents from Solanum nigrum and their neuroprotective activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2022; 24:703-712. [PMID: 34585635 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1978987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ten compounds (1-10) including four new compounds (1-4) and six known compounds (5-10) were isolated from Solanum nigrum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) calculation of NMR data, DP4+ probability analysis and comparison of their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data. All the isolated compounds were tested for their neuroprotective activities against H2O2-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Among them, compounds 1, 5 and 7 displayed moderate neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zi-Lin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chuan Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Li Z, Tang Y, She X, Lan G, Yu L, He Z. First report of tomato yellow mottle-associated virus infecting Solanum nigrum in China. Plant Dis 2022; 107:592. [PMID: 35801896 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1096-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
First report of tomato yellow mottle-associated virus infecting Solanum nigrum in China Zhenggang Li, Yafei Tang, Xiaoman She, Guobing Lan, Lin Yu, and Zifu He† Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China. Tomato yellow mottle-associated virus (TYMaV) is a newly found cytorhabdovirus associated with epinasty of leaflet blades, yellow spots, puckering, and mottling symptoms in tomato plants in China (Xu et al., 2017). In May 2020, Solanum nigrum plants exhibiting leaf crinkling and mosaic symptoms (eXtra S1) were found in Shantou city, Guangdong, China. To identify the causal pathogens, the leaves of three symptomatic plants were collected and subjected to total RNA extraction with TRIzol Reagent (Takara, Kusatsu, Japan). About 100 μg RNA mixture, which consisted of an equal amount of total RNA extracted from the three samples, was subjected to small RNA deep sequencing and assembly (sRSA) (Kreuze et al., 2009). Small RNA cDNA library was constructed with the method described previously (Mi et al., 2008). Small RNA deep sequencing was performed with Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. VirusDetect (Zheng et al., 2017) was used to analyze the sequence data. The result showed that the sequence data includes about 11 million reads and generated 194 unique contigs after removal of host-derived contigs. Subsequently, the unique contigs were screened using BLASTn search against the virus database. One hundred and five unique contigs were mapped to TYMaV genome (reference sequence, KY075646), 21 unique contigs were mapped to RNA1 segment of tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) genome (reference sequence, KY618796), 67 unique contigs were mapped to RNA2 segment of ToCV genome (reference sequence, KY618797), and one unique contig was mapped to pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) genome (reference sequence, FJ617225) (eXtra S1). To verify the sRSA result for TYMaV detection, RT-PCR was performed with two primer pairs TYMaV-F1/R1 (5'-TCATTAGACTCAGGCCTAATCCTCA AAGT-3'/5'-GATATGGAGACGTCCAAGTTCAAAGGGATGGA-3'), and TYMaV-F2/R2 (5'-TATGCGGCAGCTTTCATGTCTATAGACCCT-3'/5'-ATGACCTAGCTTCAATAACAGTCGCG-3'), which are designed according to the sRSA result. All the symptomatic samples tested positive for TYMaV (eXtra S2). Western blot with TYMaV N protein-specific antibody further verified the result (eXtra S2). To obtain the nearly full-length sequence of TYMaV identified in Shantou, 13 primer pairs were designed to amplify the viral fragments. The amplified PCR products were then introduced into pMD19T (Takara, Kusatsu, Japan) and sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co. (Shanghai, China). The nearly full-length sequence of TYMaV Shantou isolate (TYMaV-ST) was assembled from the 13 overlapping sequences (reference sequence, MW527091). TYMaV-ST genome comprises of 13401 nt and shares 84.93% nucleotide sequence identity with the reference genome (KY075646). In addition, 37 S. nigrum samples and 20 tomato samples nearby with viral disease symptoms were collected from different sites of Guangdong province, China. Six S. nigrum samples and five tomato plant samples tested positive for TYMaV by RT-PCR, suggesting a wide spread of the virus in the surveyed region. These results together with those of the sRSA assay also suggest that the disease symptoms shown in the original S. nigrum plants may not necessarily be caused by TYMaV or by TYMaV alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYMaV infecting S. nigrum in China. S. nigrum is a common weed which belongs to the family Solanaceae and may serve as a reservoir for TYMaV in the fields. Further research is needed to verify whether this is indeed the case, and to understand the characteristics of this virus including its transmission, pathogenicity, and economic significance. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2018B020202006), the Agricultural Competitive Industry Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (202103TD and 202105TD), the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (202102020504), and Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science (R2019PY-QF003). References: Kreuze, J. F., et al. 2009. Virology. 388: 1. Mi, S., et al. 2008. Cell. 133: 116. Xu, C., et al. 2017. J Virol. 91: 11. Zheng, Y., et al. 2017. Virology. 500: 130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Yafei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Xiaoman She
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Guobing Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Lin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Zifu He
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute, Jinying Rd No.7, Tianhe Distict, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640;
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Rahman Lefta H. Biological Activity of Extract Solanum nigrum on some Biological Aspects of the Blue Fly Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:1157-1164. [PMID: 36618301 PMCID: PMC9759218 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.357401.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current research evaluated the efficiency of alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits of the Solanum nigrum and investigated their effectiveness against the immature stages of the blue fly with 24-hour age at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/ml at the temperature of 30±1°C and relative humidity of 60±5%. It was revealed that the alcoholic extract of the fruits had the highest effect on killing the eggs of blue fly at all concentrations; accordingly, the death rates were estimated at 89.11% and 42.43% at the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, respectively, compared to that in the control, accounting for 9.27% mortality. It was also found that the alkaloid extract of the leaves of the plant outperformed in recording the highest rates of killing the eggs of blue fly, with death rates of 88.83% and 31.14% in the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, compared to the control group, amounting to 10.40%. Regarding the larval stages, the first stage was more sensitive than the other larval stages to all extracts of leaves and fruits of the plant. The highest mortality rates of the three larval stages were achieved by using the alcoholic extract of the fruits with the highest concentration of 20 mg/ml, compared to the alcoholic extract of the leaves; accordingly, the death rates of the third larval stage reached the highest rates of 57.11%, 68.20%, and 88.69% for the alcoholic extract of fruits and 53.19%, 68.64%, and 89.11% for that of leaves. The recorded data showed that the alkaloid extract of the S. nigrum leaves led to the highest mortality rates, compared to the alkaloid extract of the fruits, for all larval instars and at all concentrations. The mortality rates of the third larval stage with the highest concentration were 58.13% and 67.64%, respectively. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the chemical compounds in the alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits showed the presence of chemical compounds of varying numbers. The numbers of chemical compounds in the alcoholic extract of the leaves and fruits were 10 and 9, respectively, while it reached 17 and 23 for the alkaloid extract of the leaves and fruits of the plant, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rahman Lefta
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Thomas S, Gunasangkaran G, Arumugam VA, Muthukrishnan S. Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles of Solanum nigrum and Its Anticancer Activity via the Induction of Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2684-2697. [PMID: 34448982 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy can be achieved by using nano-drug delivery systems which provide a targeted drug delivery strategy by overcoming the drawbacks of conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation. ZnO nanoparticles are a potent anticancer agent that causes tumor cell destruction with the targeted drug delivery. In this present study, green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles has been done using the plant Solanum nigrum. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were studied by the characterization techniques like UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, and XRD. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles of Solanum nigrum exhibited a significant anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines through the apoptotic pathway. The cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was assessed using MTT assay, wound healing assay, DAPI staining, and acridine orange and ethidium bromide double staining. The expression patterns of β-catenin, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were analyzed using reverse transcriptase-PCR. The results obtained from the study indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles of Solanum nigrum possess a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against HeLa cell lines through the inhibition of β-catenin and increasing the levels of p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffy Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Genetics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lin HJ, Mahendran R, Huang HY, Chiu PL, Chang YM, Day CH, Chen RJ, Padma VV, Liang-Yo Y, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum attenuates Angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy and improves cardiac function by repressing protein kinase C-ζ to restore HSF2 deSUMOlyation and Mel-18-IGF-IIR signaling suppression. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114728. [PMID: 34634367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum nigrum, commonly known as Makoi or black shade has been traditionally used in Asian countries and other regions of world to treat liver disorders, diarrhoea, inflammatory conditions, chronic skin ailments (psoriasis and ringworm), fever, hydrophobia, painful periods, eye diseases, etc. It has been observed that S. nigrum contains substances, like steroidal saponins, total alkaloid, steroid alkaloid, and glycoprotein, which show anti-tumor activity. However; there is no scientific evidence of the efficacy of S. nigrum in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. AIM To investigate the ability of S. nigrum to attenuate Angiotensin II - induced cardiac hypertrophy and improve cardiac function through the suppression of protein kinase PKC-ζ and Mel-18-IGF-IIR signaling leading to the restoration of HSF2 desumolyation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2) were challenged with 100 nM Angiotensin-II (AngII) for 24 h and were then treated with different concentration of S.nigrum or Calphostin C for 24 h. The hypertrophic effect in cardiomyoblast cells were determined by immunofluorescence staining and the modulations in hypertrophic protein marker along with Protein Kinase C-ζ, MEL18, HSF2, and Insulin like growth factor II (IGFIIR), markers were analyzed by western blotting. In vivo experiments were performed using 12 week old male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) separated into five groups. [1]Control WKY, [2] WKY -100 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment, [3] SHR, [4] SHR-100 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment, [5] SHR-300 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment. S. nigrum was administered intraperitoneally for 8 week time interval. RESULTS Western blotting results indicate that S. nigrum significantly attenuates AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, actin staining confirmed the ability of S. nigrum to ameliorate AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, S. nigrum administration suppressed the hypertrophic signaling mediators like Protein Kinase C-ζ, Mel-18, and IGFIIR in a dose-dependent manner and HSF2 activation (restore deSUMOlyation) that leads to downregulation of IGF-IIR expression. Additionally in vivo experiments demonstrate the reduced heart sizes of S. nigrum treated SHRs rats when compared to control WKY rats. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data reveals the cardioprotective effect of S. nigrum inhibiting PKC-ζ with alleviated IGF IIR level in the heart that profoundly remits cardiac hypertrophy for hypertension-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ramasamy Mahendran
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Ling Chiu
- Ept Douliu Chinese Medical Clinic, Douliu, Taiwan; 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chang
- 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Yang Liang-Yo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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Rashidi S, Yousefi AR, Pouryousef M, Goicoechea N. Mycorrhizal impact on competitive relationships and yield parameters in Phaseolus vulgaris L. - weed mixtures. Mycorrhiza 2021; 31:599-612. [PMID: 34476620 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to improve plant growth and nutrition and therefore are likely to affect the competitive relationships between crops and weeds. In this study, we evaluated whether AMF (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, Rhizoglomus intraradices) change plant competition between Phaseolus vulgaris and the weeds Solanum nigrum L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., and Ipomoea purpurea L. Mycorrhizal colonization, aggressivity index, photosynthetic rates, and yield parameters were measured. While the presence of AMF reduced the total biomass of D. sanguinalis and S. nigrum when grown in competition with P. vulgaris, it increased the total biomass of I. purpurea when grown with P. vulgaris. Significantly, elevated mycorrhizal growth responses (38-44%) improved the competitive ability of I. purpurea. In contrast, the competitive ability of S. nigrum was increased only when plants colonized by R. intraradices. The total protein content of P. vulgaris pods when in competition was negatively affected by AMF, thus leading to low nutritional quality. The results suggest that AMF have the potential to affect the outcome of weed-P. vulgaris competition. We demonstrate that not only colonization with AMF but also AMF species can affect the competitive relationships between crops and weeds, and thus, AMF represent key soil organisms to be taken into account in sustainable weed management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Rashidi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Majid Pouryousef
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Department of Environmental Biology, Plant Stress Physiology Group, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, associated with CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza), Pamplona, Spain
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Yang L, Gao S, Su Z, Qin X, Li Z. Identification of the constituents and the cancer-related targets of the fruit of Solanum nigrum based on molecular docking and network pharmacology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 200:114067. [PMID: 33892394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Solanum nigrum (FSN) exhibited a variety of biological activities. However, the chemical composition of the fruit, as well as the steroidal alkaloids responsible for the bioactivity and the mechanism of action need to be further studied. The ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Orbitrap HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied to investigate the chemical composition of FSN, which led to the identification of 170 compounds, including 12 amino acids, 4 caffeoylquinic acids, 2 flavonols, 114 steroid alkaloids, 5 steroid saponins and 33 other structure compounds. The network pharmacology showed that the anticancer effect of 14 steroid alkaloids was probably acting through 99 biological targets. Among them, 11 alkaloids and 11 targets probably played the important role based on the results of molecular docking. This study enriched our knowledge about the chemical composition of FSN, as well as the anticancer mechanism of steroidal alkaloids in FSN.
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Wang J, Chen X, Chu S, Hayat K, Chi Y, Zhi Y, Zhang D, Zhou P. Influence of Cd toxicity on subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and physiological responses of cell wall components towards short-term Cd stress in Solanum nigrum. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:13955-13969. [PMID: 33201503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum is a well-documented cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator; however, its Cd-induced tolerance capability and detoxification mechanism remain elusive. Hence, a short-term hydroponic experiment was performed in a multiplane glasshouse to determine the influence of Cd toxicity on subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and the physiological responses of cell wall towards Cd stress in a 4-week-old plant. The experiment was conducted following completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments (n = 4 replicates). The results showed that Cd stress showed dose-dependent response towards growth inhibition. The subcellular distribution of Cd in S. nigrum was in the order of cell wall > soluble fractions > organelles, and Cd was predominantly extracted by 1 M NaCl (29.87~43.66%). The Cd contents in different plant tissues and cell wall components including pectin, hemicellulose 1 (HC1), hemicellulose 2 (HC2), and cellulose were increased with the increase in Cd concentrations; however, the percentage of Cd concentration decreased in pectin and cellulose. Results of the polysaccharide components such as uronic acid, total sugar contents, and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity showed Cd-induced dose-dependent increase relative to exposure Cd stress. The pectin methylesterase (PME) activity was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced by 125.78% at 75 μM Cd in root, 105.78% and 73.63% at 100 μM Cd in stem and leaf, respectively. In addition, the esterification, amidation, and pectinase treatment of cell wall and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assay exhibited many functional groups that were involved in cell wall retention Cd, especially on carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of cell wall components that indicated that the -OH and -COOH groups of S. nigrum cell wall play a crucial role in Cd fixation. In summary, results of the current study will add a novel insight to understand mobilization/immobilization as well as detoxification mechanism of cadmium in S. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xunfeng Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaowei Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuee Zhi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Khaled JM, Alyahya SA, Chenthis Kanisha C, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Ramachandran G, Alanzi KF, Rajivgandhi G, Vimala R, Manoharan N. Anti-biofilm activity of LC-MS based Solanum nigrum essential oils against multi drug resistant biofilm forming P. mirabilis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:302-309. [PMID: 33424310 PMCID: PMC7785425 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are second most important diseases worldwide due to the increased amount of antibiotic resistant microbes. Among the Gram negative bacteria, P. mirabilis is the dominant biofilm producer in urinary tract infections next to E. coli. Biofilm is a process that produced self-matrix of more virulence pathogens on colloidal surfaces. Based on the above fact, this study was concentrated to inhibit the P. mirabilis biofilm formation by various in-vitro experiments. In the current study, the anti-biofilm effect of essential oils was recovered from the medicinal plant of Solanum nigrum, and confirmed the available essential oils by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. The excellent anti-microbial activity and minimum biofilm inhibition concentration of the essential oils against P. mirabilis was indicated at 200 µg/mL. The absence of viability and altered exopolysaccharide structure of treated cells were showed by biofilm metabolic assay and phenol-sulphuric acid method. The fluorescence differentiation of P. mirabilis treated cells was showed with more damages by confocal laser scanning electron microscope. Further, more morphological changes of essential oils treated cells were differentiated from normal cells by scanning electron microscope. Altogether, the results were reported that the S. nigrum essential oils have anti-biofilm ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alyahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Chenthis Kanisha
- Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Thuckalay, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu 629180, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Ramachandran
- Marine Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Khalid F Alanzi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Rajivgandhi
- Marine Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Rtv Vimala
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - N Manoharan
- Marine Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
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Ran J, Zheng W, Wang H, Wang H, Li Q. Indole-3-acetic acid promotes cadmium (Cd) accumulation in a Cd hyperaccumulator and a non-hyperaccumulator by different physiological responses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 191:110213. [PMID: 31978764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation and the physiological responses of the Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum and non-hyperaccumulator Solanum melongena, a pot experiment was conducted in soil containing 2 mg kg-1 Cd in which different concentrations of IAA (0, 10, 20, or 40 mg L-1) were sprayed on plant leaves. The results showed that Cd accumulation in shoots of S. nigrum was significantly increased by 30% after the addition of 10 mg L-1 IAA under 2 mg kg-1 Cd stress compared to that in the control, but shoot Cd accumulation showed no significant change in S. melongena after this IAA treatment. Additionally, the growth and the proline content in the two species were significantly increased by 20 mg L-1 IAA. The activities of peroxidase and catalase in leaves of S. nigrum and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in S. melongena were significantly increased and their malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased compared to those in the control. The root activity of S. nigrum was significantly improved after 10 and 20 mg L-1 IAA treatments, but no significant difference was observed in S. melongena. The correlation analysis results showed that the Cd concentration in leaves of S. nigrum was significantly and positively correlated with the carotenoid and proline contents, and there was also a significant positive correlation between the Cd concentration and SOD activity in leaves of S. melongena. Therefore, S. nigrum is an ideal plant for the phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil assisted by IAA. IAA promotes Cd accumulation in plant shoots by enhancing the accumulation of carotenoids and proline in S. nigrum and maintaining a high leaf SOD activity in S. melongena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakang Ran
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Wen Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qinchun Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Wang J, Chen X, Chi Y, Chu S, Hayat K, Zhi Y, Hayat S, Terziev D, Zhang D, Zhou P. Optimization of NPK fertilization combined with phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil by orthogonal experiment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:109997. [PMID: 31812023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the current experiment, influence of NPK composition on the Cd contaminated soil-plant (Solanum nigrum L.) system as well as the phytoremediation efficiency were comprehensively studied. The composition of NPK was optimized for a sustainable phytoremediation and simultaneous agronomic technique in Cd-contaminated soil by orthogonal (L14) experiment, aimed to achieve plant productivity and maximum phytoremediation potential enhancement. Results showed that different treatments of NPK composition enhanced soil properties including saccharase, urease, catalase and acid phosphatase activities as compared to the control treatment, however, soil pH was slightly decreased by 3.64%~6.67% with different composition of NPK treatments. Plant biomass and Cd concentration in the aboveground part (stem and leaves) of S. nigrum were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by 14.19%~48.97% and 38.50%~127.15% as compared to control plants with the addition of NPK fertilizers having different composition. Meanwhile, with the application of NPK fertilizer root/shoot Cd ratio and translocation factor (TF) was significantly decreased, however, bioconcentration factor (BCF) was increased as compared to control. Additionally, different composition of NPK fertilizers significantly increased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) and soluble protein in comparison to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in S. nigrum including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased, while malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline contents were decreased. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that N3P2K2 treatment had the highest comprehensive score amongst other studied treatments of NPK composition, owing to its optimal composition for the investigated soil-S. nigrum system. Moreover, it was found that optimal composition (N3P2K2) of fertilizer resulted in increase of the plant resistance to Cd and the efficiency of phytoextraction. Therefore, it is suggested to all the small-holder famers and scientific community that precise composition of NPK fertilizer should be utilized according to soil properties, environmental conditions and plant requirements under Cd-stress condition in order to achieve maximum biomass, Cd uptake efficiency as well phytoremediation potential in moderately Cd contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xunfeng Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaowei Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuee Zhi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sikandar Hayat
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dimitar Terziev
- Department of Natural Resource Economics, University of National and World Economy (UNWE), 1700, Sofia, Student Town, Bulgaria
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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23
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Liu JH, Lyu DY, Zhou HM, Kuang WH, Chen ZX, Zhang SJ. [Study on molecular mechanism of Solanum nigrum in treatment of hepatocarcinoma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:163-168. [PMID: 32237426 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190807.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the main active ingredients and potential targets of Solanum nigrum(SN), so as to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of SN in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. First,the main active ingredients and predictive targets of SN were collected in the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP). Then,the targets relating to HCC were collected through retrieval of integrated bio-pharmacological network database for traditional Korean medicine(PharmDB-K), oncogenomic database of hepatocellular carcinoma(OncoDB.hcc). The common targets of disease-drug component were selected through intersection between predictive targets and disease targets. Next, based on the String platform, protein-protein interaction network(PPI) model of the potential anti-HCC targets was constructed using the software Cytoscape 3.7.1. ClueGO and CluePedia APP in Cytoscape were used to analyze the gene function of SN in the treatment of HCC, and construct the main active ingredients-potential targets-signal pathways topology network of SN. Finally,DISCOVERY STUDIO software was applied in verifying the molecular docking between the key active ingredient and potential protein target. The results showed that there were 4 main active ingredients of SN, involving 22 potential targets relating to HCC and 7 signal pathways relating to potential anti-HCC targets of SN. Network analysis showed that SN may play a therapeutic role in HCC by acting on key targets, such as EGFR, TP53, MYC, CCND1 and CTNNB1. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin and EGFR could bind stably and interact through amino acid residues LEU718, LYS745 and GLN791. This study revealed the potential active ingredients and the possible molecular mechanism of SN for treatment of HCC, providing scientific basis for follow-up exploration of the molecular mechanism of SN against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Liu
- the First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510405, China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dong-Yong Lyu
- the First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hou-Ming Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei-Hong Kuang
- the First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ze-Xiong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
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Abstract
Alkaloids are common secondary metabolites found also in plants of the large family of Solanaceae, and they contribute frequently to the economic importance of these plants as food, spices, drugs, or pharmaceuticals. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging was applied to visualize the spatial localization of the main steroidal alkaloids in diverse plant tissues of Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum nigrum, and Solanum dulcamara. Among others, the basic aglycons, tomatidenol, tomatidine, solasodine, and soladulcine, along with their corresponding glycoalkaloids, were identified with distinct distributions within plant tissue structures and plant parts and with respect to the degree of ripeness. The alkaloids are identified by their mass and fragmentation pattern. Multivariate unsupervised principal compound analysis and the k-means clustering analysis were calculated on the basis of all peaks, automatically picked from all selected regions, with total ion count normalization resulting in characterization of the tissues and organs with respect to their chemical similarity. It can therefore be concluded that the tissue-specific localizations of alkaloids in nightshades depend upon the ripeness status and the developmental stage of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bednarz
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Nils Roloff
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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He X, Zhang J, Ren Y, Sun C, Deng X, Qian M, Hu Z, Li R, Chen Y, Shen Z, Xia Y. Polyaspartate and liquid amino acid fertilizer are appropriate alternatives for promoting the phytoextraction of cadmium and lead in Solanum nigrum L. Chemosphere 2019; 237:124483. [PMID: 31404738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional metal chelators, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), have been gradually replaced due to their poor biodegradability in soil and high risk of heavy metal leaching into groundwater, which pose high environmental risks to the health of humans and animals. In this study, a liquid amino acid fertilizer (LAAF, waste proteins from hydrolysates of animal carcasses) and polyaspartate (PASP) were used as additives to enhance the phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from contaminated soil. We conducted pot experiments to investigate the phytoextraction capacity of Solanum nigrum, a Cd accumulator, grown on soil highly contaminated with Cd and Pb in the absence (as controls) or presence of PASP and LAAF. Both PASP and LAAF significantly improved plant growth, Cd accumulation, and total Cd and Pb content in S. nigrum shoots and roots. PASP and LAAF application promoted Cd translocation from roots to shoots in S. nigrum and Cd bio-accessibility in rhizosphere soils, but this was not the case for Pb. Both PASP and LAAF increased Cd and Pb phytoextraction by S. nigrum plants, and Cd phytoextraction was more effective in LAAF-assisted S. nigrum than in PASP-assisted S. nigrum. These findings demonstrate that the low cost and ecofriendly features of recycled waste proteins make them good candidates for chelant-enhanced phytoextraction from heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman He
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingnan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chuanyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaopeng Deng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Meng Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zaghlool SS, Abo-Seif AA, Rabeh MA, Abdelmohsen UR, Messiha BAS. Gastro-Protective and Anti-Oxidant Potential of Althaea officinalis and Solanum nigrum on Pyloric Ligation/Indomethacin-Induced Ulceration in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110512. [PMID: 31731465 PMCID: PMC6912529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an alternative disease treatment approach is the research of medicaments from traditional medicine. Plants with anti-oxidant capabilities are used as herbal treatments for ulcer diseases. Medicinal/herbal extracts containing phytoconstituents have significant anti-ulcer activities in in vivo experiments on animal models, compared to reference drugs. The current study aims to inspect gastro-protective as well as in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant potential of Althaea officinalis and Solanum nigrum extracts on pyloric-ligation/indomethacin-induced gastric-ulceration in rats. Rats were divided into six groups: normal control, gastric ulcer control, two standard pretreatment groups receiving omeprazole and misoprostol, and two test pretreatment groups receiving Althaea officinalis and Solanum nigrum. Pretreatments were administrated orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals, excluding the normal control group, were exposed to pyloric-ligation followed by indomethacin injection. After four hours, the rat’s stomachs were removed and gastric juice and blood samples were collected. Pyloric-ligation/indomethacin administration caused considerable elevation in ulcer number, ulcer index, acid and pepsin productivity, aggressive factors, and gastric mucosal lipid-peroxide contents. Moreover, reduction in titratable acidity, gastric mucosal nitric-oxide, anti-oxidant contents, and protective factors accompanied gastric-ulceration. Additionally, elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines content and reduction in cystathionine-β-synthase and heme-oxygenase-1 expression was witnessed. Omeprazole, misoprostol, Althaea officinalis, and Solanum nigrum pretreatments fixed blood and tissue biomarkers, thereby protecting them from pyloric-ligation/indomethacin-induced gastric-ulceration in rats, which is hopeful for clinical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.S.Z.); (U.R.A.); Tel.: +20-01005113065 (S.S.Z.); +20-01111595772 (U.R.A.)
| | - Ali A. Abo-Seif
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Rabeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.S.Z.); (U.R.A.); Tel.: +20-01005113065 (S.S.Z.); +20-01111595772 (U.R.A.)
| | - Basim A. S. Messiha
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
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27
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Shanila A, Ambreen Malik U, Umme Habiba H. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols might be responsible for potent antiarthritic effect of Solanum nigrum. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2019; 39:632-641. [PMID: 32186112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weight, hematologic parameters, radiographic and histopathologic alterations towards normal. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that S. nigrum holds antiarthritic potential, supporting its traditional use in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhter Shanila
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Uttra Ambreen Malik
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Umme Habiba
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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28
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Wei R, Guo Q, Tian L, Kong J, Bai Y, Okoli CP, Wang L. Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and isotope fractionation in higher plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:1-11. [PMID: 30802672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution of the soil is an important global environmental issue owing to its great toxicity. The study of metal isotope fractionation is a novel technique that could be used to identify and quantify metal uptake and transport mechanisms in plant. In this study, cadmium tolerant Ricinus communis and hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum have been cultured in different Cd concentration nutrient solutions. The Cd isotope values, metal elements concentrations in the organs (root, stem and leaf) in the two plant species have been measured during the growth periods (10d, 15d, 20d, 25d, and 30d). The results indicate that the organs of S. nigrum could be enriched with lighter Cd isotopes compared with R. communis. In addition, the Cd isotope fractionation become smaller when the plants were subjected to high Cd toxicity, which indicates that Cd isotope fractionation reflected the extent of Cd toxicity to plants. This study advances our current view of Cd translocation machination in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Liyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chukwunonso Peter Okoli
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Federal University Ndufu-Allike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Liyuan Wang
- College of Zijin Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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Omojokun OS, Famurewa AJ, Jaiyeoba OA, Oboh G, Agbebi OJ. Alkaloid extracts from Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and Black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum) inhibit phosphodiesterase-5, arginase activities and oxidative stress in rats penile tissue. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12889. [PMID: 31353618 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The erectogenic potential of alkaloids extracted from Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) was investigated in this study. Fresh leaves obtained from Bitter leaf and Black night shade were air-dried, pulverized, and extracted for alkaloids. The inhibitory potential of the alkaloid extracts on arginase and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) activities in rats penile tissue was determined in vitro. The antioxidant properties were also evaluated and the constituent alkaloids quantified using GC-MS. The alkaloid extracts inhibited arginase (0-30.51 μg/ml) and PDE-5 (0-133.69 μg/ml) activities in a concentration-dependent pattern. Similarly, the alkaloid extracts inhibited Fe2+ -induced lipid peroxidation in rats penile tissues, scavenged DPPH, OH, and NO radicals as a function of concentration. GC-MS characterization revealed over 20 alkaloid compounds. The inhibition of PDE-5-, arginase-, pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidative-, and free radicals-scavenging activities by the alkaloids is suggestive of putative mechanisms underlying their therapeutic use for managing erectile dysfunction in folklore medicine. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Alkaloids extracted from Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) were characterized and investigated by standard procedures for inhibitory action against key erectile dysfunction-linked enzymes and antioxidant activity. The alkaloids inhibited erectile dysfunction-linked enzymes (arginase and PDE-5) and showed considerable antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. In view of this, we suggest the application of these results in the development of erectile dysfunction drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, with probable minimal or no adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olasunkanmi S Omojokun
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Nigeria.,Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Akindele J Famurewa
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Nigeria
| | - Oluwademilade A Jaiyeoba
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun J Agbebi
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Laboratory Department, Environmental Resources Managers Limited, Lekki, Nigeria
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Li K, Yang B, Wang H, Xu X, Gao Y, Zhu Y. Dual effects of biochar and hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. on the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6631. [PMID: 30941271 PMCID: PMC6438157 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar was widely developed for the soil amendment and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. The Cd hyperaccumulator, Solanum nigrum L., has been paid much more attention with the wide application of phytoremediation. The effects of biochar on the growth and accumulation capacity of Solanum nigrum L. in Cd contaminated soil have not been explored so far. The objectives of this study were to explore the dual effects of biochar addition on available Cd in the soil and hyperaccumulation of Cd in Solanum nigrum L. under different Cd contaminated levels. The correlations of soil physicochemical and biochemical properties and Cd absorption of Solanum nigrum L. were analyzed after a 60-day pot experiment under three biochar doses (0%, 1% and 5%) and four Cd concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg kg−1). The availability of Cd obtained by DTPA extraction significantly decreased after biochar application (P = 0.003, P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001 under 1% biochar addition for 25, 50, and 100 mg kg−1 Cd concentrations, P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001 under 5% biochar addition for 25, 50, and 100 mg kg−1 Cd concentrations, n ≥ 3). The 1% biochar dose significantly increased leaf dry weight (P = 0.039, P = 0.002 for the Cd concentrations of 50 and 100 mg kg−1, n ≥ 3) compared with the control in higher Cd concentrations (50 and 100 100 mg kg−1). In the presence of biochar, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) increased under the Cd concentrations of 50 and 100 mg kg−1. The translocation factors (TF) decreased with the biochar doses under the Cd concentration of 100 mg kg−1. The dose of 5% biochar significantly increased the urease activity by 41.18% compared to the 1% biochar addition in the Cd contaminated soil of 50 mg kg−1 concentration. The activities of acid phosphatase were inhibited by 1% biochar dose in all the Cd contaminated soils. The dry weight of the root of Solanum nigrum L. was significantly negatively correlated with acid phosphatase activity and BCF, respectively, indicating acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of Solanum nigrum L. were repressed by Cd toxicity despite of biochar amendment. Biochar had no negative effect on Cd accumulation ability of Solanum nigrum L. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that both biochar and Cd significantly affected the height of Solanum nigrum L. and the dry weight of leaf and stem. This study implied that biochar addition does not limit the absorption of hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. This study implied that the simultaneous application of biochar and hyperccumulator Solanum nigrum L. is promising during the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yidan Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zaidi SK, Ansari SA, Tabrez S, Naseer MI, Shahwan MJ, Banu N, Al-Qahtani MH. Antioxidant Potential of Solanum nigrum Aqueous Leaves Extract in Modulating Restraint Stress-Induced Changes in Rat's Liver. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:60-68. [PMID: 30906141 PMCID: PMC6394153 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_58_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of crude extract of Solanum nigrum leaves and its active constituents as treatment against restraint stress in rat’s liver. Methods: For this purpose, male albino Wistar rats were treated with crude extract of leaves and its alkaloid and flavonoid fractions both before and after 6 h of acute restraint stress. Prooxidant status of rat liver was assessed by determining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Results: Six hours of restraint stress generated oxidative stress in rat’s liver resulted in a significant rise in the level of the aforementioned liver enzymes. On the other hand, SOD, CAT, and GST enzymatic activities showed a significant decline in their level. The administration of crude leaves extract, both before and after stress exposure, significantly prevented the rise in the level of liver enzymes and reverted the activities of studied biochemical parameters toward their normal control values. However, the reversion was found to be more prominent in after-stress group. Conclusion: The aforementioned results highlight the significant antioxidant potential of S. nigrum extracts. On the basis of our study, we suggest the possible use of S. nigrum leaves extract as a nutritional supplement for combating oxidative stress induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed K Zaidi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Shakeel A Ansari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Muhammad I Naseer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Moyad J Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Naheed Banu
- College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Buraydah, KSA
| | - Muhammad H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Adelakun SA, Ogunlade B, Olawuyi TS, Aniah JA, Omotoso OD. Histomorphology, Sperm Quality and Hormonal Profile in Adult Male Sprague-Dawley Rats following administration of aqueous crude Extract of Solanum nigrum by gastric gavage. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:338-345. [PMID: 30070098 PMCID: PMC6210619 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study focused on histomorphology, sperm quality, hormonal profile
and hematological parameters in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats following the
administration of aqueous crude extract of Solanum nigrum
by gastric gavage. Methods Fourty healthy male adult (12-14 weeks old) Sprague-Dawley rats weighing
200-220g were randomly divided into four groups (A,B,C and D) of ten (n=10)
rats each. Group A which served as control were given distilled water 2ml/kg
b.wt each, daily for 28 days. Group B, C and D rats were administered 100,
300 and 500mg/kg b.wt each daily respectively for 28 days. The extract was
saved with LD50 >5000mg/Kg. Sperm counts, percentage motility,
morphology and percentage live sperm, hormonal profile and hematological
parameter were quantified; testis, epididymal and general body weights were
measured using a weighing scale. The extract was administered once daily for
six days within a week via oral gavage. After the last administration, all
rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the testis were harvested and
fixed in Bouin‘s fluid for histology processing. Results Our results revealed an increase in sperm counts, percentage of motility,
morphology and percentage of live sperm, blood level of follicle stimulating
hormone, Luteinizing hormone and testosterone, hematological parameters,
testis, epididymal and general body weights across the groups in a
dose-depentant manner. The testis histoarchtecture showed normal cellular
composition in their germinal epithelium, with sperm cells in the lumen and
a normal interstitium. Conclusion This experiment revealed that aqueous extract of Solanum
nigrum bears profertility properties which may be beneficial to
those who consume it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Aderemi Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Toluwase Solomon Olawuyi
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Julius Akomaye Aniah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Dare Omotoso
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kogi State University Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
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Chowański S, Chudzińska E, Lelario F, Ventrella E, Marciniak P, Miądowicz-Kobielska M, Spochacz M, Szymczak M, Scrano L, Bufo SA, Adamski Z. Insecticidal properties of Solanum nigrum and Armoracia rusticana extracts on reproduction and development of Drosophila melanogaster. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:454-463. [PMID: 30015192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived substances, because of high biological activity, arouse interest of many scientists. Thus, plant extracts and pure substances are intensively studied on various insects as potential insecticides. In such studies, D. melanogaster is one of the most important model organisms. In our studies, we analysed the contents of two plant extracts and tested the activity of their main components against fruit flies and compared observed effects to effects caused by crude extracts. Then, we assessed the development of the next, unexposed generation. The chemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of numerous glycoalkaloids and glucosinolates in Solanum nigrum and Armoracia rusticana extracts. These extracts, as well as their main components, revealed lethal and sublethal effects, such as the altered developmental time of various life stages and malformations of imagoes. Interestingly, the results for the extracts and pure main compounds often varied. Some of the results were also observed in the unexposed generation. These results confirm that the tested plants produce a range of substances with potential insecticidal effects. The different effects of extracts and pure main components suggest the presence of minor compounds, which should be tested as insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewa Chudzińska
- Department of Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Filomena Lelario
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
| | | | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Marta Spochacz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Monika Szymczak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy.
| | | | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland; Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
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34
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Saleem MA, Nazir A, Nazir F, Ayaz P, Faizan MQ, Usman M, Hussain T. Comparison of UV protection properties of cotton fabrics treated with aqueous and methanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus viridis plants. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018; 35:93-99. [PMID: 30251290 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Harmful effects of ultraviolet rays and protection against them have been long discussed. Numerous synthetic dyes, finishes, UV absorbers, and optical brightening agents are present in the market for decades for achieving UV protection through textiles. However, due to environmental impacts of these chemical agents, textile industry is looking for alternatives. In this regard, some natural dyes and plant extracts have shown promising results. However, use of colorless plant extracts as UV protective finishes is still rare. In this study, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) rating of bleached cotton fabric has been improved by the application of plant extracts with minimal change in fabric's color. For this purpose, two medicinal plants, that is, Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus viridis were selected and bleached cotton fabric was treated with their methanolic and aqueous extracts. Fabrics treated with both extracts exhibited excellent UPF ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Saleem
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,National Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Shahkot, Shahkot, Pakistan
| | - Pirah Ayaz
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,National Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Faizan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bartel RD, Sheppard JL, Lovas-Kiss Á, Green AJ. Endozoochory by mallard in New Zealand: what seeds are dispersed and how far? PeerJ 2018; 6:e4811. [PMID: 29844967 PMCID: PMC5970560 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe and North America waterfowl are major dispersers of aquatic and terrestrial plants, but in New Zealand their role has yet to be investigated. Mallards were introduced to New Zealand in the late 1800s, and today they are the most abundant and widespread waterfowl in the country. To assess seed dispersal, we radiomarked 284 female mallards from two study sites during the pre-breeding (June-August) and breeding (August-December) periods in 2014-2015, and examined movements that occurred within 24, 48 or 72 h when seed dispersal by endozoochory is considered likely. During June and July 2015, we collected 29 faecal samples from individual female mallards during radiomarking and 24 samples from mallard flocks. We recovered 69 intact seeds from the faecal samples and identified 12 plant taxa. Of the plant seeds identified and dispersed by mallards in this study, 40% were members of the Asteraceae family, nine plant species were alien to New Zealand, and the indigenous-status of three unidentified taxa could not be determined. Two taxa (and 9% of seeds) were germinated following gut passage: an unidentified Asteraceae and Solanum nigrum. During the pre-breeding and breeding periods, movement of females within 24 h averaged 394 m (SD = 706 m) and 222 m (SD = 605 m) respectively, with maximum distances of 3,970 m and 8,028 m. Maxima extended to 19,230 m within 48 h. Most plant species recorded are generally assumed to be self-dispersed or dispersed by water; mechanisms that provide a much lower maximum dispersal distance than mallards. The ability of mallards to disperse viable seeds up to 19 km within 48 h suggests they have an important and previously overlooked role as vectors for a variety of wetland or grassland plant species in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Bartel
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ádám Lovas-Kiss
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andy J Green
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Wei R, Guo Q, Yu G, Kong J, Li S, Song Z, Hu J, Tian L, Han X, Okoli CP. Stable isotope fractionation during uptake and translocation of cadmium by tolerant Ricinus communis and hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum as influenced by EDTA. Environ Pollut 2018; 236:634-644. [PMID: 29433104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The isotopic fractionation could contribute to understanding the Cd accumulation mechanisms in plant species. However, there are few of systematical investigations with regards to the Cd isotope fractionation in hyperaccumulator plants. The Cd tolerant Ricinus communis and hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum were cultivated in nutrient solutions with varying Cd and EDTA concentrations. Cd isotope ratios were determined in the solution, root, stem and leaf. The two investigated plants were systematically enriched in light isotopes relative to their solutions (Δ114/110Cdplant-solution = -0.64‰ to -0.29‰ for R. communis and -0.84‰ to -0.31‰ for S. nigrum). Cd isotopes were markedly fractionated among the plant tissues. For both plant species, an enrichment in light Cd isotopes from solution to root was noted, followed by a slight depletion in light Cd isotopes from root to shoot. Noticeably, the chelation process has caused lighter Cd isotope enrichment in the root of R. communis and S. nigrum. Further, the good fits between △114/110Cdroot-plant and ln Froot (or between △114/110Cdshoot-plant and ln Fshoot) indicate that Cd isotopic signatures can be used to study Cd transportation during the metabolic process of plants. This study suggests that knowledge of the Cd isotope ratios could also provide new tool for identifying the Cd-avoiding crop cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guirui Yu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Han
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chukwunonso Peter Okoli
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Federal University Ndufu-Allike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Akshatha GM, Raval SK, Arpitha GM, Raval SH, Ghodasara DJ. Immunohistochemical, histopathological study and chemoprotective effect of Solanum nigrum in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats. Vet World 2018; 11:402-409. [PMID: 29805203 PMCID: PMC5960777 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.402-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Cancer is a devastating disease with a severe impact on the physical and psychological well-being of patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported in various species of animals including dogs, cats, sheep, and pigs. The present study aimed to study the immunohistochemical and histopathological changes andchemoprotective effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Solanum nigrum on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced HCC rat model. Materials and Methods Eighty-two male Wistar rats of 15 weeks of age weighing 200-250 g were selected for the experiment. They were randomly divided into ten groups. Group I served as normal control consisted of healthy rats. HCC was induced in Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, and X rats using NDEA as inducing agent followed by phenobarbitone as a promoter for 16 weeks. Group II rats were kept untreated as HCC control. Group III rats were kept as vehicle control (0.05% Sodium bicarbonate). Group IV and V rats were treated with aqueous extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and Group VI and VII rats were treated with an alcoholic extract of S. nigrum at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, daily orally for 28 days. Group X rats were treated withsorafenib as reference drug at a dose of 11.4 mg/kg daily orally for 28 days. Group VIII and IX rats were kept as aqueous and alcoholic extract control for studying the effect of the same on normal rats. Liver samples were collected to study the gross and histopathological lesions and the activity of cleaved caspase-3 and chemopreventive effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum on HCC. Results The liver sections of rats from HCC control (Group II) showed loss of lobular architecture, necrosis, fatty change, enlarged and darkened nuclei with variable size, dilatation of hepatic sinusoids with Kupffer cell hyperplasia, dilatation and proliferation of bile duct, and intranuclear vacuoles and also showed the presence of more than one nucleolus. Administration of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum and sorafenib to NDEA/phenobarbital-treated rats reduced the severity of lesions in the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections for caspase-3-positive cells of hepatic cancer-induced group showed immunoreactivity to rarely few. The immunoreactivity of the hepatocytes treated with a higher dose of alcoholic extract of S. nigrum was limited and was comparable to a standard drug, sorafenib. Conclusion Oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. nigrum for 28 days showed significant rejuvenation in the structure of the liver in the histopathological section in a dose-dependent manner in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Akshatha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - S K Raval
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - G M Arpitha
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S H Raval
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada University, Dantiwada, Gujarat, India
| | - D J Ghodasara
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Hameed A, Akhtar N. Comparative chemical investigation and evaluation of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and Solanum nigrum (L.) berries. Acta Pharm 2018; 68:47-60. [PMID: 29453917 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, berries of two different species of Solanaceae family, Withania somnifera (WS) and Solanum nigrum (SN), were extracted in methanol and then fractionated with solvents, ranging from non-polar to polar, for their phytochemical profiling and investigation of antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition capacity. The methanolic extract and n-hexane, ethyl acetate (WSEA, SNEA) and aqueous fractions were chemically analyzed and evaluated for biological activity. Total flavonoids and total phenolics were quantified in WSEA (96.91 ± 1.56 μg QE mg-1 sample and 178.45 ± 2.78 μg GAE mg-1 s ample, r esp.) and S NEA (89.58 ± 0.98 μg QE mg-1 sample and 120.15 ± 2.33 μg GAE mg-1 sample, resp.). HPLC-DAD analysis of ethyl acetate fractions of WS and SN measured 13.74 and 5.34 μg GAE mg-1 dry fraction and 3.72 and 3.41 μg QE mg-1 dry fraction, resp. WSEA and SNEA fractions showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and iron reducing power activity. The highest inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme was also exhibited by WSEA and SNEA (59.6 and 58.7 %) resp. This investigation justifies the medicinal value of W. somnifera and S. nigrum berry extracts as potential and readily available sources of natural antioxidants. Marked tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity and antioxidant activity of both plant extracts might be due to polyphenols and flavonoids.
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Li H, Li X, Xiang L, Zhao HM, Li YW, Cai QY, Zhu L, Mo CH, Wong MH. Phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with Cd and BDE-209 using hyperaccumulator enhanced by AM fungi and surfactant. Sci Total Environ 2018; 613-614:447-455. [PMID: 28918276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the uptake and translocation of both Cd and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in Solanum nigrum, under the treatments of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF, Funneliformis mosseae (FM) and Rhizophagus intraradices (RI)] and surfactant β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Results showed that S. nigrum treated with either FM or β-CD significantly elevated shoot biomass and Cd concentrations and contents in shoots. The concentrations of BDE-209 in shoots and the dissipation and debromination efficiencies of BDE-209 in soil were significantly enhanced in S. nigrum treated with β-CD, inoculated with or without AMF. Moreover, significant positive correlations were found between the BDE-209 dissipation efficiency, the BDE-209 concentrations and contents in roots, and the soil enzymatic activities (polyphenol oxidase or dehydrogenase activities) and between the Cd and BDE-209 contents in shoots or roots. Higher concentrations of lower-brominated products and total PBDEs were detected in shoots than in roots suggesting that BDE-209 might be initially absorbed by roots, then translocated to shoots, and then degraded into lower brominated products in shoots. Considering the plant uptake of Cd and BDE-209 and the efficient removal of those chemicals in soils, the combination of S. nigrum and β-CD inoculated with or without AMF may be viable alternatives for phytoremediation of the co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hai Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yan Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Quan Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ce Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Consortium on Environment, Health, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Jagadeeshan S, David D, Jisha S, Manjula S, Asha Nair S. Solanum nigrum Unripe fruit fraction attenuates Adriamycin resistance by down-regulating multi-drug resistance protein (Mdr)-1 through Jak-STAT pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:370. [PMID: 28720093 PMCID: PMC5516375 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Solanum nigrum, herbal plant that commonly grows in temperate climate zone, has been used as a traditional folk medicine whose ripen fruits were proven to exhibit anti-tumor properties. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has been used for centuries to cure inflammation, edema, mastitis and hepatic cancer and in the Ayurvedic system of traditional medicine in India, S. nigrum is applied against enteric diseases, ulcer, diarrhea and skin diseases. A methanolic glycosidic extract fraction of unripe fruit of S. nigrum (SNME) was investigated for its anticancer property and possible mechanism to surmount adriamycin resistance in NCI/ADR-RES cells. Methods The NCI/ADR-RES cells were treated with 7.8125, 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 μg/ml of methanolic extract of S. nigrum (SNME) for 12, 24 and 48 h, to check the cell viability and proliferation. The cells were also exposed to adriamycin alone or in combination with SNME and the effects on cell growth were determined by MTT. Cell cycle analysis, Ethidium bromide and Acridine orange staining, Annexin-binding efficiency, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation of the apoptotic NCI/ADR-RES cells were also determined. To elucidate the relationship between SNME and multi drug resistance, we analyzed the expression levels of Mdr-1, JAK1, STAT3, and pSTAT3 in NCI/ADR-RES cells after treatment with SNME. Results Results from the cytotoxicity assay showed a direct correlation between the concentration of methanolic glycosidic extract fraction of S. nigrum (SNME) and the surviving cell population. Combination with Adriamycin, SNME exhibits a synergistic action on NCI/ADR-RES cells, giving the first line of evidence to overcoming Adriamycin resistance. The SNME mediated cell growth suppression was proven to be apoptotic, based on results obtained from DNA fragmentation, annexin V apoptosis assaay and PARP cleavage analysis. Looking into the molecular insight SNME surpasses the chemoresistance of NCI/ADR-RES cells by inhibiting the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway through the down regulation of JAK1, STAT3, pSTAT3, and Mdr1 expression. Conclusions Collectively our findings suggest that unripe fruit of Solanum nigrum could possibly be used as a chemosensitizing agent against Adriamycin resistant cancers.
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Uen WC, Lee BH, Shi YC, Wu SC, Tai CJ, Tai CJ. Inhibition of aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum (AESN) on oral cancer through regulation of mitochondrial fission. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:220-225. [PMID: 29322012 PMCID: PMC5756017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is designed to investigate the anti-oral cancer properties of Solanum nigrum on oral squamous cell carcinoma. S. nigrum is a Chinese herb used for suppression of various cancers. However, the inhibition of S. nigrum on oral cancer is unclear. Therefore, human oral squamous cancer cells (SCC)-4 were used to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of S. nigrum (AESN) on cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, mitochondrial function and apoptosis. The SCC-4 cells were treated by AESN to evaluate the inhibition of cell proliferation and mitochondrial function in vitro. Our results suggested that AESN markedly increased reactive oxygen species production. AESN also promoted caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and subsequent triggering of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The inhibition of glucose uptake was alleviated mediated by a dose-dependent manner in SCC-4 cells with AESN treatment for 24 h, resulting in mitochondrial fission. These results suggested that AESN has potential to be used as a functional food in adjuvant chemotherapy for treating human oral cancer by suppression of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Ching Uen
- School of Medicine, Fujen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 11458, Taiwan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Taiwan Indigena Botanica Co., Ltd., Taipei, 11042, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Ching Shi
- Taiwan Indigena Botanica Co., Ltd., Taipei, 11042, Taiwan
| | - She-Ching Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 89250, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jei Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei University Hospital, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan
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Wang S, Chu Z, Ren M, Jia R, Zhao C, Fei D, Su H, Fan X, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang Y, Ding X. Identification of Anthocyanin Composition and Functional Analysis of an Anthocyanin Activator in Solanum nigrum Fruits. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060876. [PMID: 28587075 PMCID: PMC6152793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum fruits have been conventionally used in beverages due to their nutritional substances such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, sugars, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. The characterization of components and regulatory mechanism of anthocyanins in S. nigrum fruits have rarely been reported. In this study, we determined that the peel and flesh of S. nigrum fruits shared similar HPLC profiles but different contents and total antioxidant activities for anthocyanins. After an efficient purification method, mainly including extraction with pH 1.0 distilled water and then desorption with pH 1.0 95% ethanol after a DM-130 resin adsorption step to obtain more pure anthocyanin extracts, the purity of anthocyanins extracted from S. nigrum fruits reached 56.1%. Moreover, eight anthocyanins from S. nigrum fruit were identified with HPLC-MS/MS for the first time. A typical R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, SnMYB, was also cloned for the first time by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR from S. nigrum. Moreover, the contents of anthocyanins were shown to correlate well (r = 0.93) with the expression levels of SnMYB gene during the fruit's developmental stages. Most significantly, SnMYB gene successfully produced high anthocyanin content (1.03 mg/g) when SnMYB gene was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. Taken together, S. nigrum fruits are a promising resource for anthocyanin extraction, and SnMYB gene is an activator that positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in S. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Mingxing Ren
- Shaoxing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Changbao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Dan Fei
- Anhui Biothun Biotechnology Company, Hefei 230088, Anhui, China.
| | - Hao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
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Wei Q, Zhang H, Guo D, Ma S. Cell Surface Display of Four Types of Solanum nigrum Metallothionein on Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Biosorption of Cadmium. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 26:846-53. [PMID: 26838339 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1512.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We displayed four types of Solanum nigrum metallothionein (SMT) for the first time on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using an α-agglutinin-based display system. The SMT genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The plasmid pYES2 was used to construct the expression vector. Transformed yeast strains were confirmed by PCR amplification and custom sequencing. Surface-expressed metallothioneins were indirectly indicated by the enhanced cadmium sorption capacity. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to examine the concentration of Cd(2+) in this study. The transformed yeast strains showed much higher resistance ability to Cd(2+) compared with the control. Strikingly, their Cd(2+) accumulation was almost twice as much as that of the wild-type yeast cells. Furthermore, surface-engineered yeast strains could effectively adsorb ultra-trace cadmium and accumulate Cd(2+) under a wide range of pH levels, from 3 to 7, without disturbing the Cu(2+) and Hg(2+). Four types of surfaceengineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were constructed and they could be used to purify Cd(2+)-contaminated water and adsorb ultra-trace cadmium effectively. The surface-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains would be useful tools for the bioremediation and biosorption of environmental cadmium contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinguo Wei
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P.R. China.,Department of Biotechnology, Weifang Business Vocational College, Zhucheng, Shandong 262234, P.R. China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P.R. China
| | - Dongge Guo
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P.R. China
| | - Shisheng Ma
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P.R. China
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Rawani A, Ray AS, Ghosh A, Sakar M, Chandra G. Larvicidal activity of phytosteroid compounds from leaf extract of Solanum nigrum against Culex vishnui group and Anopheles subpictus. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:135. [PMID: 28330500 PMCID: PMC5363031 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of plant origin may provide appropriate substitute biocontrol techniques in the future. The present study was carried out to investigate the bio control potentiality of active ingredient isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against early 3rd instar larvae of Culex vishnui group (comprising of Cx. vishnui Theobald, Cx. pseudovishnui Colless and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles) and Anopheles subpictus Grassi. S. nigrum is a common plant distributed in many parts of India with medicinal properties. Methods Bioactive compound isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of S. nigrum was (25, 45, 60 mg/L) tested against early 3rd instar larvae of Cx. vishnui group and An. subpictus. The lethal concentration was determined by log probit analysis. The chemical nature of the active substance was also evaluated following gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and infrared (IR) analysis. The compound was also studied on non target organisms such as Daphnia sp. and Diplonychus annulatum. Results TLC spot having Rf value of 0.94 (Rf = 14.1/15 = 0.94) showed larvicidal activity. In a 72 h bioassay experiment, mortality rate at 60 mg/L was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those at 25 and 45 mg/L against early 3rd instar. Result of log-probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that LC50 and LC90 values gradually decreased with the exposure period showing the lowest value at 72 h of exposure. A clear dose-dependent mortality was observed, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentration (X) having regression coefficient value close to one in each case. The compound was found to be eco-friendly as it did not show any adverse effect to the studied non target organisms. Chemical characterization (GC–MS and IR analyses) of the active ingredient revealed the presence of phytosteroid compounds responsible for mosquito larvicidal activity. Conclusion Leaf extract of S. nigrum has great potential as bio control agent against Cx. vishnui group and An. subpictus. In near future the isolated bioactive phytochemical could be used as a source of an effective mosquitocidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Rawani
- Department of Zoology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, 732103, India
| | - Anushree Singha Ray
- Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Anupam Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, 722101, India
| | - Mary Sakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Goutam Chandra
- Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
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Khan AR, Ullah I, Waqas M, Park GS, Khan AL, Hong SJ, Ullah R, Jung BK, Park CE, Ur-Rehman S, Lee IJ, Shin JH. Host plant growth promotion and cadmium detoxification in Solanum nigrum, mediated by endophytic fungi. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 136:180-188. [PMID: 27931714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Current investigation conducted to evaluate the associated fungal endophyte interactions of a Cd hyper-accumulator Solanum nigrum Korean ecotype under varying concentrations of Cd. Two indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing fungal strains, RSF-4L and RSF-6L, isolated from the leaves of S. nigrum, were initially screened for Cd tolerance and accumulation potential. In terms of dry biomass production, the strain RSF-6L showed higher tolerance and accumulation capacity for Cd toxicity in comparison to RSF-4L. Therefore, RSF-6L was applied in vivo to S. nigrum and grown for six weeks under Cd concentrations of 0, 10, and 30mgKg-1 of dry sand. The effect of fungal inoculation assessed by plant physiological responses, endogenous biochemical regulations, and Cd profile in different tissues. Significant increase were observed in plant growth attributes such as shoot length, root length, dry biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents in inoculated RSF-6L plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants with or without Cd contamination. RSF-6L inoculation decreased uptake of Cd in roots and above ground parts, as evidenced by a low bio-concentration factor (BCF) and improved tolerance index (TI). However, Cd concentration in the leaves remained the same for inoculated and non-inoculated plants under Cd spiking. Fungal inoculation protected the host plants, as evidenced by low peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities and high catalase (CAT) activity. Application of appropriate fungal inoculation that can improve tolerance mechanisms of hyper-accumulators and reduce Cd uptake can be recommended for phyto-stabilisation/immobilisation of heavy metals in crop fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahim Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Seok Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sung-Jun Hong
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Rehman Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Byung Kwon Jung
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eon Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur-Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Feng S, Tan J, Zhang Y, Liang S, Xiang S, Wang H, Chai T. Isolation and characterization of a novel cadmium-regulated Yellow Stripe-Like transporter (SnYSL3) in Solanum nigrum. Plant Cell Rep 2017; 36:281-296. [PMID: 27866260 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SnYSL3 encodes a plasma-localized transporter delivering various metal-nicotianamine complexes. The expression of SnYSL3 is up-regulated by excess Cd, suggesting an important role for SnYSL3 in response to Cd stress. The Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) transporters have been proposed to participate in metal uptake and long-range transport in model plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel member of the YSL gene family, SnYSL3, from the cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum. SnYSL3 was constitutively expressed and encodes a plasma membrane-localized protein. In situ RNA hybridization localized the SnYSL3 transcripts predominantly in vascular tissues and epidermal cells of the roots and stems, while in leaves, the mRNA levels were high in the vasculature. The SnYSL3 expression level was up-regulated by excess Cd, excess Fe and Cu deficiency. Heterologous expression of SnYSL3 in yeast revealed that SnYSL3 transports nicotianamine complexes containing Fe(II), Cu, Zn and Cd. SnYSL3 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana decreased Fe and Mn concentrations in the roots and increased the root-to-shoot translocation ratios of Fe and Mn. Under Cd exposure, the transgenic plants showed increased translocation ratios of Fe and Cd, but no difference was observed in Mn translocation from roots to shoots between the transgenic and wild-type lines. Although the accurate function of SnYSL3 remains to be confirmed, these results suggest that SnYSL3 is a transporter delivering a broad range of metal-nicotianamine complexes and is potentially important for the response to heavy metal stress, especially due to Cd and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Lin L, He J, Wang X, Wang J, Lv X, Liao M, Wang Z, Tang Y, Liang D, Xia H, Lai Y. Cadmium accumulation characteristics of F1 hybrids by reciprocal hybridizing of Solanum nigrum in two climate-ecology regions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:18842-18849. [PMID: 27318483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Different ecotypes of crop hybridization can produce heterosis effects and have wide applications in plant breeding. In this study, seedlings of cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum were collected from two different climate-ecology regions of the western Sichuan Basin, China, to carry out reciprocal hybridizing and to study the Cd accumulation characteristics of F1 hybrids of S. nigrum. In the two pot experiments (high and low soil Cd concentration), the biomass and Cd extraction of reciprocal hybridizing F1 hybrids were higher than those of the parents, but the Cd content in different organs was lower than those of the parents. These results indicate that the biomass and Cd extraction of F1 hybrids show over-parent heterosis, and the Cd content shows hybrid weakness. In the field experiment, the variety of the biomass, Cd content, and Cd extraction of reciprocal hybridizing F1 hybrids were the same as the pot experiments, and the Cd extraction by shoots of reciprocal hybridizing F1 hybrids increased by 17.20 and 23.08 %, relative to the two higher parents. Therefore, the reciprocal hybridizing S. nigrum of different climate-ecology regions could be efficiently used to improve the phytoremediation ability of S. nigrum to Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming'an Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunsong Lai
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cheng M, Wang P, Kopittke PM, Wang A, Sale PWG, Tang C. Cadmium accumulation is enhanced by ammonium compared to nitrate in two hyperaccumulators, without affecting speciation. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:5041-50. [PMID: 27385767 PMCID: PMC5014155 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization could improve the efficiency of Cd phytoextraction in contaminated soil and thus shorten the remediation time. However, limited information is available on the effect of N form on Cd phytoextraction and associated mechanisms in plants. This study examined the effect of N form on Cd accumulation, translocation, and speciation in Carpobrotus rossii and Solanum nigrum Plants were grown in nutrient solution with 5-15 μM Cd in the presence of 1000 µM NH4 (+) or NO3 (-) Plant growth and Cd uptake were measured, and Cd speciation was analyzed using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Shoot Cd accumulation was 30% greater with NH4 (+) than NO3 (-) supply. Carpobrotus rossii accumulated three times more Cd than S. nigrum. However, Cd speciation in the plants was not influenced by N form, but it did vary with species and tissues. In C. rossii, up to 91% of Cd was bound to S-containing ligands in all tissues except the xylem sap where 87-95% were Cd-OH complexes. Furthermore, the proportion of Cd-S in shoots was substantially lower in S. nigrum (44-69%) than in C. rossii (60-91%). It is concluded that the application of NH4 (+) (instead of NO3 (-)) increased shoot Cd accumulation by increasing uptake and translocation, rather than changing Cd speciation, and is potentially an effective approach for increasing Cd phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Cheng
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peter W G Sale
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Razali FN, Sinniah SK, Hussin H, Zainal Abidin N, Shuib AS. Tumor suppression effect of Solanum nigrum polysaccharide fraction on Breast cancer via immunomodulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:185-193. [PMID: 27365117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide fraction from Solanum nigrum, SN-ppF3 was shown previously to have an immunomodulatory activity where it could possibly be used to enhance the host immune response in fighting cancer. The non-toxic SN-ppF3 was fed orally to breast tumor bearing-mice with concentrations of 250 and 500mg/kg for 10days. During the treatment period, size of the tumor and weight of the mice were monitored. At the end of the treatment, blood, tumor, spleen and thymus were harvested for physiological and immunological analyses. After the treatment, the tumor volume and tumor weight were significantly inhibited by 65% and 40%, respectively. Based on the histological observation, the treatment of SN-ppF3 resulted in the disruption of tumor cells morphology. The increase in infiltrating T cells, NK cells and macrophages were observed in tumor tissues of the treated mice, which partly explained the higher apoptosis tumor cells observed in the treated mice. Moreover, the level of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 were elevated, while the level of IL-6 was decreased significantly, in serum of the treated mice. These results suggested that tumor suppression mechanisms observed in SN-ppF3-treated mice were most probably due through enhancing the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Naeem Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Sinniah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Huzlinda Hussin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhayati Zainal Abidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adawiyah Suriza Shuib
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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50
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Singh DP, Awasthi H, Luqman S, Singh S, Mani D. Hepatoprotective Effect of A Polyherbal Extract Containing Andrographis Paniculata, Tinospora Cordifolia and Solanum Nigrum Against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S375-9. [PMID: 26929570 PMCID: PMC4745206 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditionally, a number of medicinal plants are used to treat various types of hepatic disorders but few of them were pharmacologically evaluated for their safety and efficacy. The combination of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegha), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), and Solanum nigrum (Kakmachi) was traditionally used in Indian System of Medicine (Ayurveda) for the treatment of various liver-related disorders. Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to substantiate the ethnopharmacological use of a traditional formulation in hepatoprotection against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Subjects and Methods: Swiss albino mice (weight 20–25 g) were used for this study. Intraperitoneal injection of paracetamol (500 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce hepatotoxicity. Serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, were used as indices of liver injury. In addition total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and creatinine were also assayed using the standard procedure. Results: Among the two different doses, pretreatment with Polyherbal extract at 500 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotective activity as compared to paracetamol group. Conclusion: The polyherbal extract exhibits a significant hepatoprotective effect in vivo. The study contributes to its use in traditional Ayurveda system for the management of liver diseases. SUMMARY Traditionally, a number of medicinal plants are used to treat various types of liver disorders but few of them were pharmacologically evaluated for their safety and efficacy. Combination of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegha), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), and Solanum nigrum (Kakmachi) was traditionally used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various liver related disorders. In the present study an attempt was made to validate the ethnopharmacological use of a traditional formulation in hepatoprotection against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. Swiss albino mice (weight 20-25 g) were used for this study. Intraperitoneal injection (IP) of paracetamol (500 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce hepatotoxicity. Serum levels of Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP),. were used as indices of liver injury. In addition total cholesterol, triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and creatinine were also assayed using standard procedure. Among the two different doses, pre-treatment with Polyherbal extract at 500 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotective activity as compared to paracetamol group. The polyherbal extract exhibits significant hepatoprotective effect in vivo. The study contributes to its use in traditional Ayurveda system for the management of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewasya Pratap Singh
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Products, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow - 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harshika Awasthi
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Products, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow - 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow - 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow - 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saudan Singh
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow - 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dayanandan Mani
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Products, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow - 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow - 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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