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Fucito LM, Palmer AM, Baldassarri SR. A new perspective on mitigating lung cancer risks through smoking cessation and reduction. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:782-785. [PMID: 38497951 PMCID: PMC11160493 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda M Palmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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Dinescu VC, Gheorman V, Georgescu EF, Paitici Ș, Bică M, Pătrașcu Ș, Bunescu MG, Popa R, Berceanu MC, Pătrașcu AM, Gheorman LM, Dinescu SN, Udriștoiu I, Gheorman V, Forțofoiu MC, Cojan TȘȚ. Uncovering the Impact of Lymphadenectomy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1769. [PMID: 37629625 PMCID: PMC10455758 DOI: 10.3390/life13081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a significant health concern worldwide, and lymphadenectomy plays a crucial role in its treatment. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the optimal approach-D1 or D2 lymphadenectomy. This paper aims to synthesize the available evidence by conducting a comprehensive literature review and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques. The analysis includes studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews that assess survival outcomes, morbidity, and quality of life. The selected studies revealed different outcomes associated with D1 and D2 lymphadenectomy, including lymph node harvest, disease control, recurrence rates, and overall survival. Postoperative complications also varied between the two techniques. These findings highlight the complex considerations involved in selecting the most suitable lymphadenectomy approach for individual patients. Therefore, the decision requires an individualized assessment that considers the potential benefits and risks of D1 and D2 techniques. A collaborative approach involving interdisciplinary teams is crucial for developing personalized treatment plans that optimize both oncological outcomes and postoperative quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera-Cristina Dinescu
- Department of Health Promotion and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Veronica Gheorman
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Eugen Florin Georgescu
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (E.F.G.); (M.B.); (Ș.P.)
| | - Ștefan Paitici
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (E.F.G.); (M.B.); (Ș.P.)
| | - Marius Bică
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (E.F.G.); (M.B.); (Ș.P.)
| | - Ștefan Pătrașcu
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (E.F.G.); (M.B.); (Ș.P.)
| | - Marius Gabriel Bunescu
- Occupational Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Romeo Popa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Corina Berceanu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Pătrașcu
- Hematology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lavinia Maria Gheorman
- Department of Diabetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Sorin Nicolae Dinescu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Udriștoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.U.); (V.G.)
| | - Victor Gheorman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.U.); (V.G.)
| | - Mircea Cătălin Forțofoiu
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Filantropia Hospital of Craiova, 200143 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Tiberiu-Ștefăniță Țenea Cojan
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (E.F.G.); (M.B.); (Ș.P.)
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3
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Croyle RT, Sanchez JI, Doose M, Kennedy AE, Srinivasan S. Avoiding Pro Forma: A Health Equity-Conscious Approach to Cancer Control Research. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:799-802. [PMID: 34953667 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Croyle
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Janeth I Sanchez
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michelle Doose
- Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shobha Srinivasan
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.
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4
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Sangaramoorthy M, Shariff-Marco S, Conroy SM, Yang J, Inamdar PP, Wu AH, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Gomez SL, Le Marchand L, Cheng I. Joint Associations of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status With Mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e226370. [PMID: 35404461 PMCID: PMC9002338 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Socioeconomic status may help delineate racial and ethnic inequities in mortality. OBJECTIVE To investigate the joint associations of race, ethnicity, and neighborhood and individual socioeconomic status with mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective analysis used data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. A population-based sample of participants recruited from California (mainly Los Angeles County) and Hawaii from 1993 to 1996 was followed up until 2013. African American, European American, Japanese American, Latino American, and Native Hawaiian men and women were included. Participants with baseline residential addresses that could not be geocoded or who were missing information on education or adjustment variables were excluded. Data analyses were conducted from January 2018 to December 2020. EXPOSURES Neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) was derived using US Census block group data on education, occupation, unemployment, household income, poverty, rent, and house values. Participants self-reported their highest education attainment. Five racial and ethnic groups, 2 states of residence, 2 nSES, and 2 education categories were combined to create a joint exposure variable. Low and high nSES were defined as quintiles 1 to 3 and 4 to 5, respectively. Low and high education levels were defined as high school or less and greater than high school graduate, respectively. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and non-CVD and noncancer deaths were ascertained through 2013 via linkage to death certificates and the US National Death Index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Among 182 912 participants (100 785 [55.1%] women and 82 127 [44.9%] men; mean [SD] age, 60.0 [8.9] years; 31 138 African American, 45 796 European American, 52 993 Japanese American, 39 844 Latino American, and 13 141 Native Hawaiian participants) with a mean (SD) follow-up of 17 (5) years, there were 63 799 total deaths, including 23 191 CVD deaths, 19 008 cancer deaths, and 21 235 non-CVD and noncancer deaths. The lowest all-cause mortality was found among 15 104 Japanese American participants in Hawaii with high nSES and high education (eg, 2870 all-cause deaths [19.0%]), and this population served as the reference group for all regression analyses. Native Hawaiian participants in Hawaii with low nSES and low education had the highest all-cause mortality HR (2.38; 95% CI, 2.21-2.57). African American and European American participants in California with low nSES and low education had the next highest all-cause mortality HRs (2.01; 95% CI, 1.91-2.11 and 1.98; 95% CI, 1.85-2.12, respectively). Latino American participants in California with low nSES had equivalent all-cause mortality HRs regardless of education level (high education: 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48-1.66; low education: 1.57; 95% CI, 1.50-1.65). Patterns for cause-specific mortality were similar to those for all-cause mortality. For example, Native Hawaiian participants in Hawaii with low nSES and low education had highest CVD mortality HR (2.92; 95% CI, 2.60-3.27) and cancer mortality HR (2.01; 95% CI, 1.77-2.29). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results suggest that joint associations of nSES and education may further delineate racial and ethnic inequities in mortality and that future investigations of racial and ethnic inequities in mortality should consider differences by measures of socioeconomic status, especially for underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Sangaramoorthy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Shannon M. Conroy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pushkar P. Inamdar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu
| | - Scarlett L. Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
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5
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Rodriguez DL, Vidot DC, Camacho-Rivera M, Islam JY. Mental Health Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Cancer Survivors Who Endorse Cannabis: Results from the COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2106-2118. [PMID: 35323370 PMCID: PMC8947502 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to examine the prevalence of mental health symptoms and the behavioral impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer survivors who endorse cannabis. Participants included 158 adults (≥18 years) who self-reported medicinal cannabis use and responded to our internet-based questionnaire (21 March 2020−24 March 2021). Data included 79 cancer survivors and 79 age-matched adults without a history of cancer. Descriptive statistics were used to compare demographics, the prevalence of generalized anxiety (GAD-7), depression (CES-D-10), and changes in behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic by cancer survivorship status. Overall, 60.8% and 48.1% of cancer survivors self-reported the use of cannabis to manage their anxiety and depression, respectively. Probable clinical depression (CES-D-10 score ≥ 10) and anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 10) were identified in 50.7% and 38.9% of cancer survivors, respectively. Cancer survivors were more likely to report that their anxiety symptoms made it very or extremely difficult to work, take care of home, or get along with others than their counterparts. Cancer survivors with anxiety and/or depression were more likely to fear giving COVID-19 to someone else (47.5% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.023) and to fear being diagnosed with COVID-19 (77.5% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.001) compared to cancer survivors without anxiety and depression symptoms. Further research is recommended to evaluate the use of cannabis as palliative care to improve mental health among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L. Rodriguez
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
| | - Denise C. Vidot
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marlene Camacho-Rivera
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Jessica Y. Islam
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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6
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Barajas R, Hair B, Lai G, Rotunno M, Shams-White MM, Gillanders EM, Mechanic LE. Facilitating cancer systems epidemiology research. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0255328. [PMID: 34972102 PMCID: PMC8719747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems epidemiology offers a more comprehensive and holistic approach to studies of cancer in populations by considering high dimensionality measures from multiple domains, assessing the inter-relationships among risk factors, and considering changes over time. These approaches offer a framework to account for the complexity of cancer and contribute to a broader understanding of the disease. Therefore, NCI sponsored a workshop in February 2019 to facilitate discussion about the opportunities and challenges of the application of systems epidemiology approaches for cancer research. Eight key themes emerged from the discussion: transdisciplinary collaboration and a problem-based approach; methods and modeling considerations; interpretation, validation, and evaluation of models; data needs and opportunities; sharing of data and models; enhanced training practices; dissemination of systems models; and building a systems epidemiology community. This manuscript summarizes these themes, highlights opportunities for cancer systems epidemiology research, outlines ways to foster this research area, and introduces a collection of papers, "Cancer System Epidemiology Insights and Future Opportunities" that highlight findings based on systems epidemiology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Barajas
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brionna Hair
- DCCPS, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Lai
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marissa M. Shams-White
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Gillanders
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leah E. Mechanic
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Lu Y, Gehr AW, Narra K, Lingam A, Ghabach B, Meadows RJ, Ojha RP. Impact of prognostic factor distributions on mortality disparities for socioeconomically disadvantaged cancer patients. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 65:31-37. [PMID: 34601096 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess whether differences in the distributions of prognostic factors explain reported mortality disparities between urban safety-net and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer populations. METHODS We used data from SEER and a safety-net cancer center in Texas. Eligible patients were adults aged ≤64 years and diagnosed with first primary female breast, colorectal, or lung cancer between 2008 and 2016. We estimated crude and adjusted risk differences (RD) in 3- and 5-year all-cause mortality (1- and 3-year for lung cancer), where adjustment was based on entropy balancing weights that standardized the distribution of sociodemographic and tumor characteristics between the two populations. RESULTS Our study populations comprised 1914 safety-net patients and 389,709 SEER patients. For breast cancer, the crude 3- and 5-year mortality RDs between safety-net and SEER populations were 7.7% (95% confidence limits [CL]: 4.3%, 11%) and 11% (95% CL: 6.7%, 16%). Adjustment for measured prognostic factors reduced the mortality RDs (3-year adjusted RD = 0.049%, 95% CL: -2.6%, 2.6%; 5-year adjusted RD = 5.6%, 95% CL: -0.83%, 12%). We observed similar patterns for colorectal and lung cancer albeit less magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic and tumor characteristics may largely explain early mortality disparities between safety-net and SEER populations but not late mortality disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Center for Epidemiology and Healthcare Delivery Research, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Aaron W Gehr
- Center for Epidemiology and Healthcare Delivery Research, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Kalyani Narra
- Oncology and Infusion Center, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, TCU & UNTHSC School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Anuradha Lingam
- Oncology and Infusion Center, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Bassam Ghabach
- Oncology and Infusion Center, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Rachel J Meadows
- Center for Epidemiology and Healthcare Delivery Research, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Rohit P Ojha
- Center for Epidemiology and Healthcare Delivery Research, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Medical Education, TCU & UNTHSC School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas.
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8
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Plascak JJ, Rundle AG, Xu X, Mooney SJ, Schootman M, Lu B, Roy J, Stroup AM, Llanos AAM. Associations between neighborhood disinvestment and breast cancer outcomes within a populous state registry. Cancer 2021; 128:131-138. [PMID: 34495547 PMCID: PMC9070603 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BrCa) outcomes vary by social environmental factors, but the role of built-environment factors is understudied. The authors investigated associations between environmental physical disorder-indicators of residential disrepair and disinvestment-and BrCa tumor prognostic factors (stage at diagnosis, tumor grade, triple-negative [negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 receptor] BrCa) and survival within a large state cancer registry linkage. METHODS Data on sociodemographic, tumor, and vital status were derived from adult women who had invasive BrCa diagnosed from 2008 to 2017 ascertained from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. Physical disorder was assessed through virtual neighborhood audits of 23,276 locations across New Jersey, and a personalized measure for the residential address of each woman with BrCa was estimated using universal kriging. Continuous covariates were z scored (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 0 ± 1) to reduce collinearity. Logistic regression models of tumor factors and accelerated failure time models of survival time to BrCa-specific death were built to investigate associations with physical disorder adjusted for covariates (with follow-up through 2019). RESULTS There were 3637 BrCa-specific deaths among 40,963 women with a median follow-up of 5.3 years. In adjusted models, a 1-SD increase in physical disorder was associated with higher odds of late-stage BrCa (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.15). Physical disorder was not associated with tumor grade or triple-negative tumors. A 1-SD increase in physical disorder was associated with a 10.5% shorter survival time (95% confidence interval, 6.1%-14.6%) only among women who had early stage BrCa. CONCLUSIONS Physical disorder is associated with worse tumor prognostic factors and survival among women who have BrCa diagnosed at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Plascak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mario Schootman
- Department of Clinical Analytics, SSM Health, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Bo Lu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Antoinette M Stroup
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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9
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Abdi HI, Hoover E, Fagan SE, Adsul P. Cervical Cancer Screening Among Immigrant and Refugee Women: Scoping-Review and Directions for Future Research. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 22:1304-1319. [PMID: 32350683 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore existing research on determinants of cervical cancer screening among immigrants and refugees in the U.S. A scoping review was conducted on 77 studies targeting immigrant and/or refugee women in the U.S., investigating factors related to cervical cancer screening. Sixty-three percent of studies were conducted in the past ten years, and included 122,345 women. Studies predominately explored knowledge, beliefs and barriers related to cervical cancer and screening. Common beliefs included fear of cancer, treatment and death. Participants perceived pap smears to be associated with embarrassment, pain and fear. Barriers to screening were reported in three categories: psychosocial (shame and embarrassment), communication (inability to speak in English), and barriers related to access (lack of insurance or primary care provider). Study findings indicate research focused at the individual-level and future research should focus on exploring multilevel influences on cancer screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi I Abdi
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | | | - Prajakta Adsul
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1 University of New Mexico, 2325 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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10
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Yeary KHK, Alcaraz KI, Ashing KT, Chiu C, Christy SM, Felsted KF, Lu Q, Lumpkins CY, Masters KS, Newton RL, Park CL, Shen MJ, Silfee VJ, Yanez B, Yi J. Considering religion and spirituality in precision medicine. Transl Behav Med 2021; 10:195-203. [PMID: 31294809 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging era of precision medicine (PM) holds great promise for patient care by considering individual, environmental, and lifestyle factors to optimize treatment. Context is centrally important to PM, yet, to date, little attention has been given to the unique context of religion and spirituality (R/S) and their applicability to PM. R/S can support and reinforce health beliefs and behaviors that affect health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to discuss how R/S can be considered in PM at multiple levels of context and recommend strategies for integrating R/S in PM. We conducted a descriptive, integrative literature review of R/S at the individual, institutional, and societal levels, with the aim of focusing on R/S factors with a high level of salience to PM. We discuss the utility of considering R/S in the suitability and uptake of PM prevention and treatment strategies by providing specific examples of how R/S influences health beliefs and practices at each level. We also propose future directions in research and practice to foster greater understanding and integration of R/S to enhance the acceptability and patient responsiveness of PM research approaches and clinical practices. Elucidating the context of R/S and its value to PM can advance efforts toward a more whole-person and patient-centered approach to improve individual and population health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chungyi Chiu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Qian Lu
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Crystal Y Lumpkins
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | | | - Megan J Shen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Betina Yanez
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jean Yi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Brown JC, Carson TL, Thompson HJ, Agurs-Collins T. The Triple Health Threat of Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Epidemiology, Disparities, Mechanisms, and Interventions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:954-959. [PMID: 34029445 PMCID: PMC8152945 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both chronic, relapsing, progressive diseases that are recognized as risk factors for the development of multiple types of cancer. In a recent symposium titled "Hitting A Triple-Diabetes, Obesity, and the Emerging Links to Cancer Risk," convened by The Obesity Society during ObesityWeek 2019, experts in the field presented the current science and highlighted existing research gaps. Topics included (1) the epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their links to cancer risk; (2) racial and ethnic differences in obesity, diabetes, and cancer risk; (3) biological mechanisms common to obesity and diabetes that may increase cancer risk; and (4) innovative interventions that can be used to prevent the development of cancers related to obesity and diabetes. This report provides an overview of the symposium and describes key research gaps and pressing questions in need of answers to advance the field. The collective burden of obesity, diabetes, and cancer represents one of the largest public health challenges of the century. Although the symposium was titled "hitting a triple," it was recognized that being able to disrupt the linkages among obesity, diabetes, and cancer would be a "grand slam" for public health and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Carson
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA
| | | | - Tanya Agurs-Collins
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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12
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Zavala VA, Bracci PM, Carethers JM, Carvajal-Carmona L, Coggins NB, Cruz-Correa MR, Davis M, de Smith AJ, Dutil J, Figueiredo JC, Fox R, Graves KD, Gomez SL, Llera A, Neuhausen SL, Newman L, Nguyen T, Palmer JR, Palmer NR, Pérez-Stable EJ, Piawah S, Rodriquez EJ, Sanabria-Salas MC, Schmit SL, Serrano-Gomez SJ, Stern MC, Weitzel J, Yang JJ, Zabaleta J, Ziv E, Fejerman L. Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:315-332. [PMID: 32901135 PMCID: PMC7852513 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA-African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Zavala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Carethers
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luis Carvajal-Carmona
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Marcia R Cruz-Correa
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Melissa Davis
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie Dutil
- Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rena Fox
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristi D Graves
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Llera
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, IIBBA, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Newman
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Interdisciplinary Breast Program, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nynikka R Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sorbarikor Piawah
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik J Rodriquez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Silvia J Serrano-Gomez
- Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weitzel
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Ghazarian AA, Simonds NI, Lai GY, Mechanic LE. Opportunities for Gene and Environment Research in Cancer: An Updated Review of NCI's Extramural Grant Portfolio. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 30:576-583. [PMID: 33323360 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of gene-environment (GxE) interactions is a research priority for the NCI. Previously, our group analyzed NCI's extramural grant portfolio from fiscal years (FY) 2007 to 2009 to determine the state of the science in GxE research. This study builds upon our previous effort and examines changes in the landscape of GxE cancer research funded by NCI. METHODS The NCI grant portfolio was examined from FY 2010 to 2018 using the iSearch application. A time-trend analysis was conducted to explore changes over the study interval. RESULTS A total of 107 grants met the search criteria and were abstracted. The most common cancer types studied were breast (19.6%) and colorectal (18.7%). Most grants focused on GxE using specific candidate genes (69.2%) compared with agnostic approaches using genome-wide (26.2%) or whole-exome/whole-genome next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches (19.6%); some grants used more than one approach to assess genetic variation. More funded grants incorporated NGS technologies in FY 2016-2018 compared with prior FYs. Environmental exposures most commonly examined were energy balance (46.7%) and drugs/treatment (40.2%). Over the time interval, we observed a decrease in energy balance applications with a concurrent increase in drug/treatment applications. CONCLUSIONS Research in GxE interactions has continued to concentrate on common cancers, while there have been some shifts in focus of genetic and environmental exposures. Opportunities exist to study less common cancers, apply new technologies, and increase racial/ethnic diversity. IMPACT This analysis of NCI's extramural grant portfolio updates previous efforts and provides a review of NCI grant support for GxE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen A Ghazarian
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP), Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Gabriel Y Lai
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP), Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leah E Mechanic
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, EGRP, DCCPS, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Denizard-Thompson NM, Miller DP, Snavely AC, Spangler JG, Case LD, Weaver KE. Effect of a Digital Health Intervention on Decreasing Barriers and Increasing Facilitators for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Vulnerable Patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1564-1569. [PMID: 32381556 PMCID: PMC7416430 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, in part, because one third of Americans fail to get screened. In a prior randomized controlled trial, we found that an iPad patient decision aid called Mobile Patient Technology for Health-CRC (mPATH-CRC) doubled the proportion of patients who completed colorectal cancer screening. METHODS All data for the current analysis were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial to determine the impact of mPATH-CRC on receipt of colorectal cancer screening within 24 weeks. Participants were enrolled from six community-based primary care practices between June 2014 and May 2016 and randomized to either usual care or mPATH-CRC. Six potential mediators of the intervention effect on screening were considered. The Iacobucci method was used to assess the significance of the mediation. RESULTS A total of 408 patients had complete data for all potential mediators. Overall, the potential mediators accounted for approximately three fourths (76.3%) of the effect of the program on screening completion. Perceived benefits, self-efficacy, ability to state a screening decision, and patient-provider discussion were statistically significant mediators. Patient-provider discussion accounted for the largest proportion of the effect of mPATH-CRC (70.7%). CONCLUSIONS mPATH-CRC increased completion of colorectal cancer screening by affecting patient-level and system-level mediators. However, the most powerful mediator was the occurrence of a patient-provider discussion about screening. Digital interventions like mPATH-CRC are an important adjunct to the patient-provider encounter. IMPACT Understanding the factors that mediated mPATH-CRC's success is paramount to developing other effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P Miller
- Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anna C Snavely
- Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John G Spangler
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - L Doug Case
- Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn E Weaver
- Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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15
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Tagai EK, Hudson SV, Diefenbach MA, Xu J, Bator A, Marziliano A, Miller SM. Social and medical risk factors associated with supportive needs in the first year following localized prostate cancer treatment. J Cancer Surviv 2020; 15:110-118. [PMID: 32681305 PMCID: PMC7872345 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Individuals who completed treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) often
report poor coping and practical concerns when adapting to new roles in
their lives—and strong patient-provider communication is critical for
this period. However, there is limited research identifying factors
associated with supportive needs after the completion of PCa treatment. This
study aimed to identify the social and medical risk factors associated with
supportive needs for adapting among individuals who completed treatment for
localized PCa. Methods: Using baseline data from a study evaluating a web-based support
system for patients in the first year following treatment for localized PCa,
self-efficacy for re-entry (e.g., maintaining relationships, symptom
management), medical interactions, and practical concerns (e.g., insurance,
exercise) were assessed. Multivariable regression analyses were completed to
identify risk factors for low readiness. Results: Participants (N=431) with lower health literacy or income, or with
depressive symptoms had lower self-efficacy for re-entry, more negative
interactions with medical providers, and more practical concerns
(ps<.05). Lastly, Non-Hispanic White
participants reported greater readiness compared to all other races
(ps<.05). Conclusions: Multiple social and medical risk factors are associated with greater
supportive needs when adapting to new roles after PCa treatment.
Understanding the risk factors for supportive needs in this period is
critical. Future research is needed to help providers identify and support
individuals at risk for poorer coping and greater practical concerns after
treatment completion. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Identifying individuals with greater supportive needs following
treatment for localized PCa treatment will help ensure successful adaptation
to new roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Tagai
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Shawna V Hudson
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 125 Patterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Division of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Michael A Diefenbach
- Center for Health Innovation and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jenny Xu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Alicja Bator
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 125 Patterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Allison Marziliano
- Center for Health Innovation and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Suzanne M Miller
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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16
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Tsui J, Sabik LM, Cantor JC. Understanding the Impact of Insurance Coverage Across the Cancer Care Continuum: Moving Beyond Fragmented Systems and Cross-Sectional Data to Inform Policy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:657-658. [PMID: 32337553 PMCID: PMC7357315 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsui
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Center for State Health Policy, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lindsay M Sabik
- University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel C Cantor
- Rutgers Center for State Health Policy, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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17
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Li CC, Matthews AK, Wu T. Adaptation and Preliminary Evaluation of a Lung Cancer Screening Decision Tool for Older Chinese American Populations. J Natl Med Assoc 2020; 112:433-444. [PMID: 32605737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a significant health issue among Chinese Americans. The study purpose was to translate and culturally adapt the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ) lung cancer screening decision tool to the needs of older Chinese American smokers. METHODS This study used a mixed methods approach. In the first phase, AHRQ lung cancer screening decision aid was translated from English to Chinese. The second phase consisted of a paper and pencil survey (N = 50) designed to measure knowledge and attitudes regarding lung screening. Finally, focus groups (N = 5, 27 participants) were conducted to obtain input on the translated and culturally adapted AHRQ lung cancer screening DA. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 70.4 years (SD = 5.4) and the majority were male (n = 42; 84%). Seventy-four percent of the sample reported being a former smoker and 26% a current smoker. Perceived risk for lung cancer was low (26%) and the majority of participants (70%) were unaware of lung cancer screening. Perceived benefits (e.g., early cancer detection) and barriers of LDCT screening (e.g., costs) were reported by participants. The qualitative findings were largely consistent with the quantitative results. Following the revisions to the translated AHRQ DA, participants reported satisfaction with the readability and information provided. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer screening represents an evidence-based approach for reducing lung cancer morbidity and mortality among chronic high frequency smokers. Culturally targeting evidence-based lung cancer screening decision-aids to the language, cultural and health literacy needs of high risk populations may increase uptake of lung cancer early detection screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ching Li
- Rush University, Department of Health Systems Management, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alicia K Matthews
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Health Systems Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tingqing Wu
- Northwestern University, School of Medicine, USA
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18
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Plascak JJ, Schootman M, Rundle AG, Xing C, Llanos AAM, Stroup AM, Mooney SJ. Spatial predictive properties of built environment characteristics assessed by drop-and-spin virtual neighborhood auditing. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:21. [PMID: 32471502 PMCID: PMC7257196 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual neighborhood audits have been used to visually assess characteristics of the built environment for health research. Few studies have investigated spatial predictive properties of audit item responses patterns, which are important for sampling efficiency and audit item selection. We investigated the spatial properties, with a focus on predictive accuracy, of 31 individual audit items related to built environment in a major Metropolitan region of the Northeast United States. Methods Approximately 8000 Google Street View (GSV) scenes were assessed using the CANVAS virtual audit tool. Eleven trained raters audited the 360° view of each GSV scene for 10 sidewalk-, 10 intersection-, and 11 neighborhood physical disorder-related characteristics. Nested semivariograms and regression Kriging were used to investigate the presence and influence of both large- and small-spatial scale relationships as well as the role of rater variability on audit item spatial properties (measurement error, spatial autocorrelation, prediction accuracy). Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) Area Under the Curve (AUC) based on cross-validated spatial models summarized overall predictive accuracy. Correlations between predicted audit item responses and select demographic, economic, and housing characteristics were investigated. Results Prediction accuracy was better within spatial models of all items accounting for both small-scale and large- spatial scale variation (vs large-scale only), and further improved with additional adjustment for rater in a majority of modeled items. Spatial predictive accuracy was considered ‘Excellent’ (0.8 ≤ ROC AUC < 0.9) for full models of all but four items. Predictive accuracy was highest and improved the most with rater adjustment for neighborhood physical disorder-related items. The largest gains in predictive accuracy comparing large- + small-scale to large-scale only models were among intersection- and sidewalk-items. Predicted responses to neighborhood physical disorder-related items correlated strongly with one another and were also strongly correlated with racial-ethnic composition, socioeconomic indicators, and residential mobility. Conclusions Audits of sidewalk and intersection characteristics exhibit pronounced variability, requiring more spatially dense samples than neighborhood physical disorder audits do for equivalent accuracy. Incorporating rater effects into spatial models improves predictive accuracy especially among neighborhood physical disorder-related items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Plascak
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Mario Schootman
- Department of Clinical Analytics, SSM Health, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Cathleen Xing
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Antoinette M Stroup
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,New Jersey Department of Health, New Jersey State Cancer Registry, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Kent EE, Wheldon CW, Smith AW, Srinivasan S, Geiger AM. Care delivery, patient experiences, and health outcomes among sexual and gender minority patients with cancer and survivors: A scoping review. Cancer 2019; 125:4371-4379. [PMID: 31593319 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) face a disproportionate burden of cancer, yet little is known about the experiences and specific needs of these underserved populations in cancer care delivery. The authors conducted a scoping review to characterize the literature on cancer care delivery, health outcomes, and health care experiences for patients with cancer and survivors identifying as SGM. In total, 1176 peer-reviewed citations were identified after a systematic search of the PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Sciences databases without restriction on publication date. The details captured included study aims, design, population, cancer site, and main findings. Thirty-seven studies published from 1998 to 2017 met the study criteria. Most studies were conducted in the post-treatment survivorship phase of the continuum (n = 30), and breast cancer was the most common cancer site (n = 20). There were only 2 intervention studies. The studies reviewed were classified under the following areas of focus: 1) disclosure of sexual orientation and gender identity, 2) quality of care, 3) psychosocial impact of/ adjustment to cancer, 4) social support, 5) sexual functioning, and 6) health risks/health behavior. Very little research reported an assessment of gender minority status or included a focus on gender minorities (n = 7). This review revealed substantial research gaps given a lack of population-based data and small sample sizes, likely related to the absence of systematic collection of sexual orientation and gender identity information in the cancer care context. Deficient research in this area likely perpetuates health disparities. Further research is needed to identify and remove the barriers to delivering high-quality care to SGM individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Kent
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
- ICF, Inc, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Christopher W Wheldon
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ashley Wilder Smith
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shobha Srinivasan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ann M Geiger
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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20
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Valera P. Cigarette Smoke and Cancer Health Among Incarcerated Men in U.S. Northeastern Prison Facilities. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2019; 25:265-276. [PMID: 31262213 DOI: 10.1177/1078345819856905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Incarcerated men, an understudied population, have not been the focus of cancer prevention studies. The Cancer Risk in Incarcerated Men Study was developed to examine smoking behaviors and cancer health among 236 incarcerated men. The participants were between 19 and 86 years of age. Only 30.5% of the sample reported receiving a cancer screening test and less than 5% reported being diagnosed with cancer. In terms of the cancer screening test provided, 43.6% reported having had a prostate-specific antigen test, 19.2% a fecal occult blood test, and 11.4% a sigmoidoscopy or a colonoscopy. Age was the only significant predictor of having a cancer screening procedure (B = .10, p < .001). This study demonstrates the need to promote cancer prevention studies among incarcerated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Valera
- 1 School of Public Health, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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21
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John EM, Sangaramoorthy M, Koo J, Whittemore AS, West DW. Enrollment and biospecimen collection in a multiethnic family cohort: the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:395-408. [PMID: 30835011 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Racial/ethnic minorities are often assumed to be less willing to participate in and provide biospecimens for biomedical research. We examined racial/ethnic differences in enrollment of women with breast cancer (probands) and their first-degree relatives in the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry from 1996 to 2011. METHODS We evaluated participation in several study components, including biospecimen collection, for probands and relatives by race/ethnicity, cancer history, and other factors. RESULTS Of 4,780 eligible probands, 76% enrolled in the family registry by completing the family history and risk factor questionnaires and 68% also provided a blood or mouthwash sample. Enrollment was highest (81%) for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) and intermediate (73-76%) for Hispanics, African Americans, and all Asian American subgroups, except Filipina women (66%). Of 4,279 eligible relatives, 77% enrolled in the family registry, and 65% also provided a biospecimen sample. Enrollment was highest for NHWs (87%) and lowest for Chinese (68%) and Filipinas (67%). Among those enrolled, biospecimen collection rates were similar for NHW, Hispanic, and African American women, both for probands (92-95%) and relatives (82-87%), but lower for some Asian-American subgroups (probands: 72-88%; relatives: 71-88%), foreign-born Asian Americans, and probands those who were more recent immigrants or had low English language proficiency. CONCLUSIONS These results show that racial/ethnic minority populations are willing to provide biospecimen samples for research, although some Asian American subgroups in particular may need more directed recruitment methods. To address long-standing and well-documented cancer health disparities, minority populations need equal opportunities to contribute to biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA. .,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA. .,Stanford Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, Suite CJ250C, Stanford, CA, 94304-5769, USA.
| | | | - Jocelyn Koo
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University of School of Medicine, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dee W West
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, 94358, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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22
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Kenzik KM. Health care use during cancer survivorship: Review of 5 years of evidence. Cancer 2018; 125:673-680. [PMID: 30561774 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in treatment strategies have resulted in increasing survival rates among patients diagnosed with cancer but also result in a growing population of individuals who have greater health care needs. These needs will persist from diagnosis throughout the continuing phase of care, or the survivorship phase. To better define models of survivorship care, there must be a strong evidence base in survivor health care use patterns. The objective of this review, which covers studies from 2012 to January 2018, was to evaluate the available evidence on patterns of health care visits among survivors of adult cancers and to understand what is known about the rate of health care visits, the physician specialties associated with these visits, and/or the types health care settings (eg, outpatient, emergency room). The findings underscore the importance of primary care, with the majority of studies reporting that >90% of survivors visited a primary care provider in the prior year. Visits to oncologists and/or other physician specialties were positively associated with receiving cancer screenings and obtaining quality care for noncancer-related conditions. High care density/low care fragmentation between physician specialties had lower costs and a lower likelihood of redundant health care utilization. The follow-up in almost all studies was 3 years, providing short-term evidence; however, as the survivorship period lengthens with improved treatments, longer follow-up will be required. The long-term patterns with which survivors of cancer engage the health care system are critical to designing long-term follow-up care plans that are effective in addressing the complex morbidity that survivors experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Kenzik
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Lopes JV, Bergerot CD, Barbosa LR, Calux NMDCT, Elias S, Ashing KT, Domenico EBLD. Impact of breast cancer and quality of life of women survivors. Rev Bras Enferm 2018; 71:2916-2921. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of breast cancer and the quality of life of women survivors and to identify associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables. Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative study conducted with women receiving outpatient post-treatment care at a public institution of the city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Instruments: sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires; Impact of Cancer scale; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer scale. Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis were performed. Results: One hundred women were included in the study with a mean age of 60 years (SD = 11.3); most with less than 5 years of follow-up, low purchasing power, and low education levels. Negative Impact of Cancer: Health Worry, Body Changes, Feelings, and Meaning of Cancer. Quality of life: 81.9 (18.3), specific: 105.6 (24.6). The following subscales of the impact of cancer scale predicted lower quality of life scores: Body Changes, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Concerns about Cancer (p <0.05). Conclusion: Although they presented high scores for quality of life, patients reported negative impacts of cancer, enhanced by vulnerabilities.
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24
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Ghazarian AA, Martin DN, Lam TK. Opportunities and Challenges in Rural Cancer Research: An Epidemiologic Perspective. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1245-1247. [PMID: 30385496 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armen A Ghazarian
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Damali N Martin
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tram K Lam
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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25
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Layne TM, Graubard BI, Ma X, Mayne ST, Albanes D. Prostate cancer risk factors in black and white men in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 22:91-100. [PMID: 30108373 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few prospective studies comparing race-specific associations between diet, nutrients, and health-related parameters, and prostate cancer risk. METHODS Race-specific prostate cancer risk associations were examined among men in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study. We identified 1417 cases among black men (209 advanced), and 28,845 among white men (3898 advanced). Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also evaluated the cumulative change in the HR for black race following adjustment for each factor. RESULTS Race-specific prostate cancer associations were similar in black and white men across disease subtypes only for history of diabetes (overall : HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.90 and HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.69-0.76, respectively; Pinteraction = 0.66). By contrast, there was a positive risk association with height for white men and inverse for black men (Pinteraction: non-advanced = 0.01; advanced = 0.04). This difference remained among men with at least 2 years of follow-up for non-advanced (Pinteraction = 0.01), but not advanced disease (Pinteraction = 0.24); or after adjustment for prostate cancer screening (non-advanced Pinteraction = 0.53, advanced Pinteraction = 0.31). The only other evidence of interaction with race was observed for dietary vitamin D intake and non-advanced disease, but only after adjustment for screening (Pinteraction = 0.02). Cumulative adjustment for each factor increased the HR for black race by 32.9% for overall cancer and 12.4% for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest few of the dietary, nutrient, and health-related factors associated with prostate cancer risk in predominantly non-Hispanic white men were associated with risk in black men, and adjustment for these factors widen the black-white difference in risk. Larger studies of black men, particularly with prospective data, are needed to help identify risk factors relevant to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Layne
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Briant KJ, Sanchez JI, Ibarra G, Escareño M, Gonzalez NE, Jimenez Gonzalez V, Marchello N, Louie S, Thompson B. Using a Culturally Tailored Intervention to Increase Colorectal Cancer Knowledge and Screening among Hispanics in a Rural Community. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1283-1288. [PMID: 29871884 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates exist among racial/ethnic minorities, especially those living in rural areas. There is an urgent need to implement interventions to improve colorectal cancer screening behaviors among such groups, particularly those living in rural areas in the United States.Methods: From a rural community of Hispanics, we recruited participants to attend home-based promotor(a)-led "home health parties" in which participants were taught about colorectal cancer screening; participants ages 50 and older were given a free fecal occult blood test (FOBT) kit to complete on their own. A pre- and posttest design was used to assess changes in colorectal cancer awareness, knowledge, and screening at baseline and at 1-month follow-up after the intervention.Results: We observed a statistically significant increase in colorectal cancer screening awareness and knowledge among participants. Colorectal cancer screening rates with FOBT increased from 51.0% to 80%. There was also a statistically significant increase in social engagement, that is, the intent to speak to friends and relatives about colorectal cancer screening.Conclusions: Findings indicate that culturally tailored colorectal cancer education facilitated by promotores in a rural environment, coupled with free stool-based test for colorectal cancer screening, is an effective way to increase colorectal cancer screening awareness, knowledge, and screening among Hispanics living in a rural area in Washington State. Impact: Culturally tailored home health interventions have the potential to achieve Healthy People 2020 colorectal cancer screening goals in Hispanic rural communities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1283-8. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janeth I Sanchez
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Genoveva Ibarra
- Center for Community Health Promotion, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Sunnyside, Washington
| | - Monica Escareño
- Center for Community Health Promotion, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Sunnyside, Washington
| | - Nora E Gonzalez
- Center for Community Health Promotion, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Sunnyside, Washington
| | - Virginia Jimenez Gonzalez
- Center for Community Health Promotion, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Sunnyside, Washington
| | - Nathan Marchello
- Center for Community Health Promotion, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Sunnyside, Washington
| | | | - Beti Thompson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
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27
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Trinh-Shevrin C, Sacks R, Ahn J, Yi SS. Opportunities and Challenges in Precision Medicine: Improving Cancer Prevention and Treatment for Asian Americans. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1-6. [PMID: 28127673 PMCID: PMC5540808 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans, and cancer cases among Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans are expected to rise by 132% by 2050. Yet, little is known about biologic and environmental factors that contribute to these higher rates of disease in this population. Precision medicine has the potential to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of morbidity and mortality trends among Asian American subgroups and to reduce cancer-related health disparities by recognizing patients as individuals with unique genetic, environmental, and lifestyle characteristics; identifying ways in which these differences impact cancer expression; and developing tailored disease prevention and clinical treatment strategies to address them. Yet, substantial barriers to the recruitment and retention of Asian Americans in cancer research persist, threatening the success of precision medicine research in addressing these knowledge gaps. This commentary outlines the major challenges to recruiting and retaining Asian Americans in cancer trials, suggests ways of surmounting them, and offers recommendations to ensure that personalized medicine becomes a reality for all Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, VZN Suite 844, 8th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, VZN Suite 844, 8th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stella S Yi
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, VZN Suite 844, 8th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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28
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Zahnd WE, McLafferty SL. Contextual effects and cancer outcomes in the United States: a systematic review of characteristics in multilevel analyses. Ann Epidemiol 2017; 27:739-748.e3. [PMID: 29173579 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing call for the utilization of multilevel modeling to explore the relationship between place-based contextual effects and cancer outcomes in the United States. To gain a better understanding of how contextual factors are being considered, we performed a systematic review. METHODS We reviewed studies published between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2016 and assessed the following attributes: (1) contextual considerations such as geographic scale and contextual factors used; (2) methods used to quantify contextual factors; and (3) cancer type and outcomes. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and initially identified 1060 studies. One hundred twenty-two studies remained after exclusions. RESULTS Most studies utilized a two-level structure; census tracts were the most commonly used geographic scale. Socioeconomic factors, health care access, racial/ethnic factors, and rural-urban status were the most common contextual factors addressed in multilevel models. Breast and colorectal cancers were the most common cancer types, and screening and staging were the most common outcomes assessed in these studies. CONCLUSIONS Opportunities for future research include deriving contextual factors using more rigorous approaches, considering cross-classified structures and cross-level interactions, and using multilevel modeling to explore understudied cancers and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Zahnd
- Office of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
| | - Sara L McLafferty
- Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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29
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Nguyen MLT, Hu J, Hastings KG, Daza EJ, Cullen MR, Orloff LA, Palaniappan LP. Thyroid cancer mortality is higher in Filipinos in the United States: An analysis using national mortality records from 2003 through 2012. Cancer 2017; 123:4860-4867. [PMID: 28881423 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis, but patients with multiple recurrences have drastically lower survival. Filipinos in the United States are known to have high rates of thyroid cancer incidence and disease recurrence. To the authors' knowledge, it is unknown whether Filipinos also have higher thyroid cancer mortality rates. METHODS The authors studied thyroid cancer mortality in Filipino, non-Filipino Asian (NFA), and non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults using US death records (2003-2012) and US Census data. Age-adjusted mortality rates and proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated. Sex, nativity status, age at death, and educational attainment also were examined. RESULTS The authors examined 19,940,952 deaths. The age-adjusted mortality rates due to thyroid cancer were highest in Filipinos (1.72 deaths per 100,000 population; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.51-1.95) compared with NFAs (1.03 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 0.95-1.12) and NHWs (1.17 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 1.16-1.18). Compared with NHWs, higher proportionate mortality was observed in Filipino women (3-5 times higher) across all age groups, and among Filipino men, the PMR was 2 to 3 times higher in the subgroup aged >55 years. Filipinos who completed a higher educational level had a notably higher PMR (5.0) compared with their counterparts who had not (3.5). CONCLUSIONS Negative prognostic factors for thyroid cancer traditionally include age >45 years and male sex. The results of the current study demonstrate that Filipinos die of thyroid cancer at higher rates than NFA and NHW individuals of similar ages. Highly educated Filipinos and Filipino women may be especially at risk of poor thyroid cancer outcomes. Filipino ethnicity should be factored into clinical decision making in the management of patients with thyroid cancer. Cancer 2017;123:4860-7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle-Linh T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Katherine G Hastings
- Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eric J Daza
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Cullen
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lisa A Orloff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Latha P Palaniappan
- Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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30
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Zahnd WE, James AS, Jenkins WD, Izadi SR, Fogleman AJ, Steward DE, Colditz GA, Brard L. Rural-Urban Differences in Cancer Incidence and Trends in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 27:1265-1274. [PMID: 28751476 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States are declining, but this decrease may not be observed in rural areas where residents are more likely to live in poverty, smoke, and forego cancer screening. However, there is limited research exploring national rural-urban differences in cancer incidence and trends.Methods: We analyzed data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries' public use dataset, which includes population-based cancer incidence data from 46 states. We calculated age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios, and annual percentage change (APC) for: all cancers combined, selected individual cancers, and cancers associated with tobacco use and human papillomavirus (HPV). Rural-urban comparisons were made by demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic characteristics for 2009 to 2013. Trends were analyzed for 1995 to 2013.Results: Combined cancers incidence rates were generally higher in urban populations, except for the South, although the urban decline in incidence rate was greater than in rural populations (10.2% vs. 4.8%, respectively). Rural cancer disparities included higher rates of tobacco-associated, HPV-associated, lung and bronchus, cervical, and colorectal cancers across most population groups. Furthermore, HPV-associated cancer incidence rates increased in rural areas (APC = 0.724, P < 0.05), while temporal trends remained stable in urban areas.Conclusions: Cancer rates associated with modifiable risks-tobacco, HPV, and some preventive screening modalities (e.g., colorectal and cervical cancers)-were higher in rural compared with urban populations.Impact: Population-based, clinical, and/or policy strategies and interventions that address these modifiable risk factors could help reduce cancer disparities experienced in rural populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1265-74. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Zahnd
- Office of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
| | - Aimee S James
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wiley D Jenkins
- Office of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Sonya R Izadi
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amanda J Fogleman
- Office of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - David E Steward
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laurent Brard
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.,Simmons Cancer Institute at SIU, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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31
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Gomez SL, Shariff-Marco S, Cheng I, Reynolds P. Impact of the environment on cancer: Seeing the forest for the trees. Cancer 2017; 123:2796-2797. [PMID: 28480560 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
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32
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Dean C, Fogleman AJ, Zahnd WE, Lipka AE, Malhi RS, Delfino KR, Jenkins WD. Engaging rural communities in genetic research: challenges and opportunities. J Community Genet 2017; 8:209-219. [PMID: 28477297 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical analyses of health and disease in rural communities is frequently limited by low sample counts. Still, some studies indicate increased risk for some diseases even after adjustment for known risk factors. It has been hypothesized that the context of community formation in rural areas facilitates the propagation of genetic founder effects-potentially impacting disease susceptibility. However, outright examination of genetic diversity in such communities has not been performed. Our objective was to engage otherwise research-inexperienced rural communities of largely European descent in genomic research in the context of cancer susceptibility. From September 2015 to February 2016, we implemented a systematic process of progressive community engagement. This iterative method sought project buy-in from first the town mayor, then village council. If approved by both, a focus group of community members examined how residents might view the research, informed consent and specimen collection, and issues of privacy. We were successful in engaging three of the four communities approached for the research project. There was universal enthusiasm for the project by all mayors and village councils. The focus groups' main point of discussion involved wording in the informed consent, with little concern regarding the research question or privacy. Perhaps contrary to popular thought, we found each community we approached to be both welcoming and enthusiastic about collaborating in research on genomic diversity. The systematic method of engagement did much to preserve community respect and autonomy and facilitated buy-in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caress Dean
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St., Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA
| | - Amanda J Fogleman
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St., Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA
| | - Whitney E Zahnd
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St., Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA
| | - Alexander E Lipka
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, W-201B Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ripan Singh Malhi
- Departments of Anthropology & Animal Biology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 209F Davenport Hall, 607 Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kristin R Delfino
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St., Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA
| | - Wiley D Jenkins
- Population Health Science Program, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St, Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA.
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33
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Nodora JN, Komenaka IK, Bouton ME, Ohno-Machado L, Schwab R, Kim HE, Farcas C, Perez G, Elena Martinez M. Biospecimen Sharing Among Hispanic Women in a Safety-Net Clinic: Implications for the Precision Medicine Initiative. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:2905635. [PMID: 27688295 PMCID: PMC5040829 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biospecimen donation is key to the Precision Medicine Initiative, which pioneers a model for accelerating biomedical research through individualized care. Personalized medicine should be made available to medically underserved populations, including the large and growing US Hispanic population. We present results of a study of 140 Hispanic women who underwent a breast biopsy at a safety-net hospital and were randomly assigned to receive information and request for consent for biospecimen and data sharing by the patient’s physician or a research assistant. Consent rates were high (97.1% and 92.9% in the physician and research assistant arms, respectively) and not different between groups (relative risk [RR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96 to 1.10). Consistent with a small but growing literature, we show that perceptions of Hispanics’ unwillingness to participate in biospecimen sharing for research are not supported by data. Safety-net clinics and hospitals offer untapped possibilities for enhancing participation of underserved populations in the exciting Precision Medicine Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse N Nodora
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian K Komenaka
- Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marcia E Bouton
- Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lucila Ohno-Machado
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard Schwab
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyeon-Eui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudiu Farcas
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giovanna Perez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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