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Le MK, Oishi N, Mochizuki K, Kondo T. Immunohistochemical detection of cancer genetic abnormalities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155109. [PMID: 38340581 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
New applications of immunohistochemistry (IHC) expand rapidly due to the development of molecular analyses and an increased understanding of molecular biology. IHC becomes much more important as a screening or even a confirmatory test for molecular changes in cancer. The past decades have witnessed the release of many immunohistochemical markers of the new generation. The novel markers have extensively high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of genetic abnormalities. In addition to diagnostic utility, IHC has been validated to be a practical tool in terms of treatments, especially molecular targeted therapy. In this review, we first describe the common alterations of protein IHC staining in human cancer: overexpression, underexpression, or loss of expression and altered staining pattern. Next, we examine the relationship between staining patterns and genetic aberrations regarding both conventional and novel IHC markers. We also mention current mutant-specific and fusion-specific antibodies and their concordance with molecular techniques. We then describe the basic molecular mechanisms from genetic events to corresponding protein expression patterns (membranous, cytoplasmic, or nuclear patterns). Finally, we shortly discuss the applications of immunohistochemistry in molecular targeted therapy. IHC markers can serve as a complementary or companion diagnostic test to provide valuable information for targeted therapy. Moreover, immunohistochemistry is also crucial as a companion diagnostic test in immunotherapy. The increased number of IHC novel antibodies is broadening its application in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Kocsmár I, Kocsmár É, Pajor G, Kulka J, Székely E, Kristiansen G, Schilling O, Nyirády P, Kiss A, Schaff Z, Riesz P, Lotz G. Addition of Chromosome 17 Polysomy and HER2 Amplification Status Improves the Accuracy of Clinicopathological Factor-Based Progression Risk Stratification and Tumor Grading of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194570. [PMID: 36230493 PMCID: PMC9558547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive disease (MIBC) significantly worsens life expectancy. Its risk can be assessed by clinicopathological factors according to international guidelines. However, additional molecular markers are needed to refine and improve the prediction. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to predict the progression of NMIBCs to MIBC by assessing p53 expression, polysomy of chromosome 17 (Chr17) and HER2 status in the tissue specimens of the tumors of 90 NMIBC patients. Median follow-up was 77 months (range 2−158). Patients with Chr17 polysomy or HER2 gene amplification had a higher rate of disease progression (hazard ratio: 7.44; p < 0.001 and 4.04; p = 0.033, respectively; univariate Cox regression). Multivariable Cox regression models demonstrated that the addition of either Chr17 polysomy or HER2 gene amplification status to the European Association of Urology (EAU) progression risk score increases the c-index (from 0.741/EAU/ to 0.793 and 0.755, respectively), indicating that Chr17 polysomy/HER2 amplification status information improves the accuracy of the EAU risk table in predicting disease progression. HER2/Chr17 in situ hybridization can be used to select non-progressive cases not requiring strict follow-up, by reclassifying non-HER2-amplified, non-polysomic NMIBCs from the high- and very high-risk groups of EAU to the intermediate-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Kocsmár
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78b, H-1082 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (G.L.); Tel./Fax: +36-1-450-9500 (I.K.); +36-1-215-6921 (G.L.)
| | - Éva Kocsmár
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pajor
- Department of Pathology, Medical School and Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Janina Kulka
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Székely
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (AöR), Venusberg-Campus 1 Building 62, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Street 115A, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78b, H-1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Schaff
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Riesz
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78b, H-1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Lotz
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 93, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (G.L.); Tel./Fax: +36-1-450-9500 (I.K.); +36-1-215-6921 (G.L.)
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Hoda RS, Zarei S, McIntire PJ, Sprague C, Mekhail Y, Carlson DL, Komforti MK, Downs-Kelly EP. Clinical and Pathologic Features Associated With Invasive Breast Carcinoma with 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists In Situ Hybridization Group 2 Results (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 [HER2]/Chromosome 17 Centromere [CEP17] Ratio ≥2.0 and Average HER2 Copy Number <4.0). Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 146:701-709. [PMID: 34559875 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0155-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists updated the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) breast carcinoma testing guideline in 2018 to address issues from uncommon HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results. Based on the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline, cases wherein the HER2/chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) ratio of 2.0 or more with an average HER2 copy number of less than 4.0 were considered in situ hybridization (ISH) positive. Under the 2018 guideline, such cases are classified as ISH Group 2 and are no longer considered eligible for anti-HER2 therapy when the corresponding HER2 immunohistochemistry result is 0, 1+, or 2+. OBJECTIVE.— To assess the clinical, pathologic, and treatment aspects of patients with ISH Group 2 results. DESIGN.— We retrospectively reviewed HER2 FISH results at our center between January 2012 and December 2014 and identified and characterized cases with ISH Group 2 results. RESULTS.— Thirty-nine cases with ISH Group 2 results from 39 patients were reviewed. Twenty of 39 (51%) patients received anti-HER2 therapy. Patients treated with HER2-targeted therapy were less likely to have hormone receptor-positive tumors, compared with patients without anti-HER2 treatment, though not significantly (P = .30). The only significant difference between the 2 patient groups was receipt of cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment (P < .001). Overall, clinical outcome was similar between the 2 groups (P > .99). CONCLUSIONS.— This retrospective study with median follow-up of at least 6 years shows patients with ISH Group 2 tumors had similar clinical outcomes, irrespective of HER2-targeted therapy. Further analysis in the prospective setting would provide valuable data that would potentially inform clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza S Hoda
- From the Robert J Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute (Hoda, McIntire, Sprague, Komforti, Downs-Kelly)
| | - Shabnam Zarei
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Zarei)
| | - Patrick J McIntire
- From the Robert J Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute (Hoda, McIntire, Sprague, Komforti, Downs-Kelly)
| | - Cathy Sprague
- From the Robert J Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute (Hoda, McIntire, Sprague, Komforti, Downs-Kelly)
| | - Yasmin Mekhail
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Mekhail), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Diane L Carlson
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida (Carlson)
| | - Miglena K Komforti
- From the Robert J Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute (Hoda, McIntire, Sprague, Komforti, Downs-Kelly)
| | - Erinn P Downs-Kelly
- From the Robert J Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute (Hoda, McIntire, Sprague, Komforti, Downs-Kelly)
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Sun H, Chen H, Crespo J, Tang G, Robinson M, Lim B, Şahin AA. Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer with Polysomy 17 and Its Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Eur J Breast Health 2021; 17:128-136. [PMID: 33870112 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.2021-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective The interpretation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results may be challenging in tumors with polysomy 17, which is defined as increased signals of chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17). The effect of polysomy 17 on HER2 protein expression and tumor treatment response has not been established. In this retrospective study, we investigated the clinicopathological features of breast cancer with polysomy 17 and determined the tumors' response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Materials and Methods The study included 366 patients with primary breast cancer whose tumors had a CEP17 count of ≥ three/nucleus based on HER2 FISH studies. These cases were categorized according to HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 signals/nucleus using the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics and tumor response to NACT among different groups. Results There was a statistically significant difference in patients' age at diagnosis, tumor pathological grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and NACT response among different HER2 FISH groups. Polysomy 17 tumors in group 1 had a higher rate of response (pathological complete response and residual cancer burden class I) to NACT containing anti-HER2 reagent than did those in other groups (p = 0.004), whereas polysomy 17 tumors in group 3 did not show a significant response to anti-HER2 treatment. Conclusion Polysomy 17 tumors in different HER2 FISH groups have different pathological features and respond to NACT differently. These results may help us identify patients who will benefit from anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Sun
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James Crespo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa Robinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ayşegül A Şahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Ferreira D, Soares M, Correia J, Adega F, Ferreira F, Chaves R. Assessment of ERBB2 and TOP2α gene status and expression profile in feline mammary tumors: findings and guidelines. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4688-4705. [PMID: 31301170 PMCID: PMC6660035 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the ERBB2 gene amplification and overexpression are biomarkers for invasive breast cancer and a therapeutic target. Also, TOP2α gene aberrations predict the response to anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Although feline mammary tumors (FMTs) are good models in comparative oncology, scarce data is available regarding the ERBB2 and TOP2α status. In this study, and for the first time, the ERBB2 DNA status and RNA levels of intracellular (ICD) and extracellular (ECD) coding regions were compared with TOP2α gene status and expression profile, in samples of FMTs and disease-free tissues from the same animal. Results showed that ERBB2 and TOP2α gene status are highly correlated (r=0.87, p<0.0001, n=25), with few tumor samples presenting amplification. Also, the majority of the FMTs showed ERBB2 overexpression coupled with TOP2α overexpression (r=0.87, p<0.0001, n=27), being the ERBB2-ICD and ECD transcripts highly correlated (r=0.97, p<0.0001, n=27). Significant associations were found between TOP2α gene status or ERBB2 and TOP2α RNA levels with several clinicopathological parameters. This work highlights the need of experimental designs for a precise evaluation of ERBB2 and TOP2α gene status and its expression in FMTs, to improve their clinical management and to further validate them as a suitable model for comparative oncology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferreira
- CAG - Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Maria Soares
- Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBiOS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Lisbon 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon 1300-477, Portugal
| | - Filomena Adega
- CAG - Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon 1300-477, Portugal
| | - Raquel Chaves
- CAG - Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
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Ahn S, Woo JW, Lee K, Park SY. HER2 status in breast cancer: changes in guidelines and complicating factors for interpretation. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 54:34-44. [PMID: 31693827 PMCID: PMC6986968 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression and/or HER2 gene amplification is found in about 20% of invasive breast cancers. It is a sole predictive marker for treatment benefits from HER2 targeted therapy and thus, HER2 testing is a routine practice for newly diagnosed breast cancer in pathology. Currently, HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used for a screening test, and in situ hybridization is used as a confirmation test for HER2 IHC equivocal cases. Since the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines on HER2 testing was first released in 2007, it has been updated to provide clear instructions for HER2 testing and accurate determination of HER2 status in breast cancer. During HER2 interpretation, some pitfalls such as intratumoral HER2 heterogeneity and increase in chromosome enumeration probe 17 signals may lead to inaccurate assessment of HER2 status. Moreover, HER2 status can be altered after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or during metastatic progression, due to biologic or methodologic issues. This review addresses recent updates of ASCO/CAP guidelines and factors complicating in the interpretation of HER2 status in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Won Woo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungyul Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yu J, Wang Q, Xue P, Zheng L, Mo J, Chen L, Yin M, Huang Y, Bao Y, Ding F. A model for the impact of FFPE section thickness on gene copy number measurement by FISH. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7518. [PMID: 31101839 PMCID: PMC6525178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays to detect gene amplification such as HER2 or MET in tumors are used for prognosis evaluation and selection of targeted therapies. Although FISH guidelines recommended 4~6 μm FFPE sections, many laboratories use 2~3 μm sections, which is a common practice for H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. A former study concluded that section thickness did not affect FISH results. We found, however, that thinner FFPE sections may lead to false negative results for gene amplification. A mathematic model was constructed and cell-line based controls with known gene copy number were prepared, and the model had a reasonable fit with the experimental data. The model revealed that even when counting the apparently full-sized nuclear images, many of them have partial volumes, which leads to under-estimation of gene copy number. Therefore, improperly thinner sections are prone to give false negative results, and thicker sections give a better approximation to the true value. The discrepancy between this and the former study was discussed. In summary, the model applies generally to FISH/ISH detection of gene copy number, and section thickness is an important parameter to control for precision medicine research, assay development, clinical trials and daily practice in pathology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Jiaxing ACCB Diagnostics, Yangze Delta Regional Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Jiaxing ACCB Diagnostics, Yangze Delta Regional Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Pu Xue
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Jiaxing ACCB Diagnostics, Yangze Delta Regional Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Juanfen Mo
- Department of Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Liangye Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, and Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Manxiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, and Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Yueyan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, and Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Jiaxing ACCB Diagnostics, Yangze Delta Regional Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
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Wang Y, Hui Y, Resnick MB. In reply to Lambein et al.: 'HER2 protein overexpression in non-amplified ductal carcinoma in situ: quality issue or transcription mechanisms gone awry?'. Histopathology 2019; 74:666. [PMID: 30447011 DOI: 10.1111/his.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yiang Hui
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Murray B Resnick
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Page DB, Wen H, Brogi E, Dure D, Ross D, Spinelli KJ, Patil S, Norton L, Hudis C, McArthur HL. Monosomy 17 in potentially curable HER2-amplified breast cancer: prognostic and predictive impact. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:547-554. [PMID: 28986743 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HER2 copy number by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is typically reported relative to the centromere enumeration probe 17 (CEP17). HER2/CEP17 ratio could be impacted by alterations in the number of chromosome 17 copies. Monosomy of chromosome 17 (m17) is found in ~ 1900 cases of early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer annually in the United States; however, the efficacy of HER2-directed trastuzumab therapy in these patients is not well characterized. Here, we retrospectively identified HER2-amplified, stage I-III breast cancers with m17 and characterized the impact of trastuzumab treatment. METHODS From January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2011, we identified 99 women with HER2-amplified m17 breast cancers, as defined by a CEP17 signal of < 1.5 per nucleus and a HER2/CEP17 ratio of ≥ 2.0. RESULTS Most HER2-amplified m17 patients were treated with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (51%, n = 50), whereas 31% (n = 31) received chemotherapy alone and 18% (n = 18) received no chemotherapy. The 4-year overall survival (OS) was superior with trastuzumab compared to chemotherapy alone or no chemotherapy (100 vs. 93 vs. 81%, respectively; p = 0.005). OS was not influenced by estrogen/progesterone-receptor (ER/PR) status, tumor stage, or degree of FISH positivity. A proportion of patients who would be considered HER2-negative by standard immunohistochemistry staging criteria (0-1+) were HER2 amplified by FISH. CONCLUSIONS In the largest series reported to date, patients with HER2-amplified m17 cancers treated with trastuzumab have outcomes comparable to patients from the large phase III adjuvant trastuzumab trials who were HER2-positive, supporting the critical role of HER2-directed therapy in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Page
- Providence Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St., Suite 6N40, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
| | - Hannah Wen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dana Dure
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dara Ross
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kateri J Spinelli
- Providence Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St., Suite 6N40, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Sujata Patil
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Clifford Hudis
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Heather L McArthur
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, AC 1042B, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Eswarachary V, Mohammed IG, Jayanna PK, Patilokaly GV, Nargund AR, Dhondalay GK, Prabhudesai S, Sahoo R. HER2/ neu Testing In 432 Consecutive Breast Cancer Cases using FISH and IHC - A Comparative Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC01-EC05. [PMID: 28571140 PMCID: PMC5449786 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25625.9521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of trastuzumab, a HER-2/neu targeted monoclonal antibody resulted in significant improvements in clinical response and survival in HER-2/neu gene amplified group of patients. Thus, accurate assessment of HER-2/neu status becomes critical. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) are the most commonly used methods for this purpose and specific recommendations exist with regard to the concordance to be observed between the two tests. AIM Here, we report and evaluate the concordance rate between FISH and IHC for HER-2/neu status in breast cancer specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archival paraffin blocks of tumour tissue from 450 patients of breast cancer were analyzed for Her-2/neu status using FISH and IHC. RESULTS There was a highly significant concordance between the results of FISH and IHC assays in HER-2/neu status assessment in invasive breast cancer cases. There were inverse associations between the expression of Oestrogen Receptors/Progesterone Receptors (ER/PR) and HER-2/neu amplification. CONCLUSION Although, IHC gave significant concordant results with FISH in determining HER-2/neu status, its subjective grading system precludes its use as a gold standard. FISH should always be used to determine true gene amplification when the IHC results are equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataswamy Eswarachary
- Senior Scientist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Imran Gorur Mohammed
- Consultant Pathologist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth K Jayanna
- Scientist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Geeta V Patilokaly
- Consultant Pathologist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini R Nargund
- Consultant Pathologist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Dhondalay
- Scientist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa Prabhudesai
- Consultant Pathologist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmita Sahoo
- Senior Scientist, Department of Triesta Reference Laboratory, HealthCare Global Enterprise Ltd (HCG), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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11
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Geiersbach KB, Willmore-Payne C, Pasi AV, Paxton CN, Werner TL, Xu X, Wittwer CT, Gulbahce HE, Downs-Kelly E. Genomic Copy Number Analysis of HER2-Equivocal Breast Cancers. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 146:439-47. [PMID: 27614666 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guidelines for HER2 testing define an equivocal range for HER2 using two approved testing methods, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). We investigated genome-wide copy number alterations in this subgroup. METHODS Ten breast cancers with equivocal HER2 status by both IHC and ISH were analyzed by single-nucleotide polymorphism cytogenomic microarray (SNP array). DNA ploidy analysis by flow cytometry was performed on nine cases with sufficient material remaining. RESULTS SNP array analysis showed uniform gain of chromosome 17 (polysomy) in one case and segmental copy number gains encompassing HER2 and the centromere in five other cases. Flow cytometry revealed hyperdiploidy in six cases, all but one of which also had HER2 gains on SNP array. Although there was no evidence of HER2 amplification by SNP array, six cases showed amplification of other genomic regions, including known oncogenes in four cases. CONCLUSIONS A combination of hyperdiploidy and segmental copy number gains contributes to HER2 ISH-equivocal results in most breast cancers. Cases in which HER2 copy number gain is not corroborated by genomic analysis suggest the presence of other contributing variables influencing ISH results. Genomic copy number analysis also implicates non-HER2 oncogenic drivers in many cases that are HER2 equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra V Pasi
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Christian N Paxton
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Xinjie Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Carl T Wittwer
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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12
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The relation between percentage of immunostained cells and amplification status in breast cancers with equivocal result for Her2 immunohistochemistry. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:381-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lim TH, Lim AST, Thike AA, Tien SL, Tan PH. Implications of the Updated 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations on Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene Testing Using Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Breast Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:140-7. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0108-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) amplification is used as a predictive marker for trastuzumab treatment in breast cancer. Both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing algorithms have been based on the 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines. In late 2013, the guidelines were updated with new scoring criteria.
Objective
—To assess the impact of the revised ASCO/CAP recommendations on both IHC and FISH results by using the dual-color HER2/neu and centromeric FISH probes.
Design
Retrospective analysis of 590 invasive carcinomas with concurrent IHC and dual-color HER2/neu and centromeric 17 (CEP17) FISH results, based on 2007 ASCO/CAP guidelines, was conducted from July 2011 to June 2013. With the revised guidelines, patients were recategorized and concordance rates between the 2 assays were recalculated.
Results
—Overall concordance rates for FISH and IHC decreased from 94.9% to 93.8% with reclassification. Negative FISH cases decreased from 79.1% to 69.3%. However, equivocal FISH cases were significantly increased from 0.7% to 9.5%, leading to more retesting. Both positive IHC and FISH cases were also noted to be increased, leading to more patients being eligible for trastuzumab treatment, especially those patients with concurrent HER2/neu and CEP17 polysomy. Approximately 1% of patients with initial FISH negative results were reclassified as having positive results when both the ratios and average copy number of HER2/neu were considered under the revised guidelines.
Conclusions
The revised 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines can potentially lead to more patients being eligible for trastuzumab therapy but additional retesting is to be expected owing to an increased number of equivocal FISH cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse Hui Lim
- From the Department of Pathology, The Academia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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14
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Lee HJ, Kim JY, Park SY, Park IA, Song IH, Yu JH, Ahn JH, Gong G. Clinicopathologic Significance of the Intratumoral Heterogeneity of HER2 Gene Amplification in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Adjuvant Trastuzumab. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:570-8. [PMID: 26386078 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp51hcgpopwscy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although intratumoral heterogeneity of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification has been associated with a poor prognosis for primary HER2-positive breast cancer and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab, the clinicopathologic significance in a setting involving trastuzumab treatment as an adjuvant treatment has not been studied in patients. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 443 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and 1 year of trastuzumab. Three areas that showed different levels of HER2 protein expression were chosen, and silver in situ hybridization was performed. RESULTS HER2 regional and genetic heterogeneity was found in 6.2% and 6.8% of tumors, respectively. Both types of heterogeneity were significantly associated with hormone receptor positivity, HER2 immunohistochemistry score of 2+, a low level of HER2 gene amplification, and absence of an extensive intraductal component. Genetic heterogeneity also showed strong correlation with a lower histologic grade. In the hormone receptor-positive group, the regional heterogeneity affected disease-free survival of patients (hazard ratio, 4.869; 95% confidence interval, 1.424-16.646; P = .005), whereas genetic heterogeneity did not. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of intratumoral heterogeneity, especially in cases with hormone receptor positivity, may be valuable for assessing the prognosis of HER2-positive patients anticipating treatment with adjuvant systemic therapy and trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ah Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hye Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Han Yu
- Departments of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Ahn
- Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Jang MH, Kim EJ, Kim HJ, Chung YR, Park SY. Assessment of HER2 status in invasive breast cancers with increased centromere 17 copy number. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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The Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Value of Altered Chromosome 17 Centromere Copy Number in HER2 Fish Equivocal Breast Carcinomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132824. [PMID: 26161550 PMCID: PMC4498752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) gain is frequently observed in breast cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To address the biologic characteristics and clinical significance of CEP17 gain in a large population of breast cancer patients, we performed FISH on a series of 770 breast cancer tissues to evaluate the status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene and CEP17 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH. Among the 770 specimens, 184 cases showed CEP17 gain (23.9%). Histological grade, nodal status, HER2 by IHC, Ki 67 index, and p53 expression were significantly different between CEP17 gain tumors and HER2-positive tumors. In contrast with HER2-negative tumors, CEP17 gain tumors showed higher histological grade, higher HER2 score by IHC, and higher Ki 67 index. The patients with CEP17 gain tumors had an intermediate survival between HER2-negative and HER2-positive patients. By comparison to HER2-negative and HER2-positive patients, survival in luminal B patients with CEP17 gain tumors also fell in between. In conclusion, CEP17 gain tumors show specific differences compared with HER2-negative and HER2-positive tumors in clinical parameters and prognosis.
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17
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Bartlett JMS, McConkey CC, Munro AF, Desmedt C, Dunn JA, Larsimont DP, O'Malley FP, Cameron DA, Earl HM, Poole CJ, Shepherd LE, Cardoso F, Jensen MB, Caldas C, Twelves CJ, Rea DW, Ejlertsen B, Di Leo A, Pritchard KI. Predicting Anthracycline Benefit: TOP2A and CEP17-Not Only but Also. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:1680-7. [PMID: 25897160 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.54.7869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence supporting the clinical utility of predictive biomarkers of anthracycline activity is weak, with a recent meta-analysis failing to provide strong evidence for either HER2 or TOP2A. Having previously shown that duplication of chromosome 17 pericentromeric alpha satellite as measured with a centromere enumeration probe (CEP17) predicted sensitivity to anthracyclines, we report here an individual patient-level pooled analysis of data from five trials comparing anthracycline-based chemotherapy with CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fluorescent in situ hybridization for CEP17, HER2, and TOP2A was performed in three laboratories on samples from 3,846 of 4,864 eligible patients from five trials evaluating anthracycline-containing chemotherapy versus CMF. Methodologic differences did not affect HER2-to-CEP17 ratios but necessitated different definitions for CEP17 duplication: > 1.86 observed copies per cell for BR9601, NEAT, Belgian, and DBCG89D trials and > 2.25 for the MA.5 trial. RESULTS Fluorescent in situ hybridization data were available in 89.3% (HER2), 83.9% (CEP17), and 80.6% (TOP2A) of 3,846 patient cases with available tissue. Both CEP17and TOP2A treatment-by-marker interactions remained significant in adjusted analyses for recurrence-free and overall survival, whereas HER2 did not. A combined CEP17 and TOP2A-adjusted model predicted anthracycline benefit across all five trials for both recurrence-free (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.82; P = .001) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.85; P = .005). CONCLUSION This prospectively planned individual-patient pooled analysis of patient cases from five adjuvant trials confirms that patients whose tumors harbor either CEP17 duplication or TOP2A aberrations, but not HER2 amplification, benefit from adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M S Bartlett
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy.
| | - Christopher C McConkey
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Alison F Munro
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Christine Desmedt
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Janet A Dunn
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Denis P Larsimont
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Frances P O'Malley
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - David A Cameron
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Helena M Earl
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Christopher J Poole
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Lois E Shepherd
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Carlos Caldas
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Christopher J Twelves
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Daniel W Rea
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Kathleen I Pritchard
- John M.S. Bartlett, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Frances P. O'Malley, St Michael's Hospital; Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto; John M.S. Bartlett, Frances P. O'Malley, and Lois E. Shepherd, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Lois E. Shepherd, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; John M.S. Bartlett, Alison F. Munro, and David A. Cameron, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Christopher C. McConkey, Janet A. Dunn, and Christopher J. Poole, University of Warwick, Coventry; Helena M. Earl and Carlos Caldas, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Christopher J. Twelves, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Daniel W. Rea, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Christine Desmedt and Denis P. Larsimont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Fatima Cardoso, Champalimaud Cancer Centre, Lisbon, Portugal; Maj-Britt Jensen and Bent Ejlertsen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Angelo Di Leo, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
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Hansen TVO, Vikesaa J, Buhl SS, Rossing HH, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Nielsen FC. High-density SNP arrays improve detection of HER2 amplification and polyploidy in breast tumors. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:35. [PMID: 25655188 PMCID: PMC4326399 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpression and gene amplification are currently established by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), respectively. This study investigates whether high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays can provide additional diagnostic power to assess HER2 gene status. METHODS DNA from 65 breast tumor samples previously diagnosed by HER2 IHC and FISH analysis were blinded and examined for HER2 copy number variation employing SNP array analysis. RESULTS SNP array analysis identified 24 (37%) samples with selective amplification or imbalance of the HER2 region in the q-arm of chromosome 17. In contrast, only 15 (23%) tumors were found to have HER2 amplification by IHC and FISH analysis. In total, there was a discrepancy in 19 (29%) samples between SNP array and IHC/FISH analysis. In 12 of these cases, the discrepancy towards FISH could be attributed to concomitant amplification or deletion of the centromeric region, which harbors the FISH reference probe sequence. In 3 tumors, repeated IHC/FISH analysis revealed that the original IHC/FISH analysis had failed to indicate the correct HER2 expression level. Finally, the SNP array analysis revealed that more than two thirds of the samples exhibited polyploidy that was unrecognized by conventional FISH. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data show that determination of HER2 copy number variations by SNP array-based genomic segmentation analysis is an effective supplement to IHC/FISH HER2 analysis that, by providing additional diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, may elect more women for targeted treatment with HER2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Vikesaa
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sine S Buhl
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik H Rossing
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Vera Timmermans-Wielenga
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lee HJ, Seo AN, Kim EJ, Jang MH, Suh KJ, Ryu HS, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Im SA, Gong G, Jung KH, Park IA, Park SY. HER2 heterogeneity affects trastuzumab responses and survival in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:755-66. [PMID: 25389328 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpirl4guvgk3yx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification is found in a subset of breast cancers. We investigated the impact of HER2 heterogeneity on trastuzumab responses and clinical outcomes in 112 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Regional and genetic heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification was determined in three different areas of each tumor by immunohistochemistry and silver in situ hybridization. We also assessed the overall levels of HER2 amplification and the proportion of tumor cells with a HER2/CEP17 ratio of more than 2.2 or strong and complete membranous (3+) expression of HER2 protein. RESULTS HER2 regional and genetic heterogeneity based on the HER2/CEP17 ratio was confirmed in 8.7% and 2.7% of cases, respectively. Poor response to trastuzumab was associated with overall low-level or equivocal amplification, HER2 regional heterogeneity by the HER2/CEP17 ratio, the HER2/CEP17 ratio of more than 2.2 in less than 80% of tumor cells, and HER2 immunohistochemical expression of 3+ in less than 75% of tumor cells. In survival analyses, low-level or equivocal HER2 amplification, HER2 regional heterogeneity based on the HER2/CEP17 ratio, and the HER2/CEP17 ratio of more than 2.2 in less than 80% of tumor cells were associated with shorter time to progression and lower overall survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that accurate assessment of HER2 status, including HER2 heterogeneity, is important in predicting trastuzumab responses and outcomes in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Min Hye Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hae Jung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Ae Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jiang H, Bai X, Zhao T, Zhang C, Zhang X. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of chromosome 17 polysomy in breast cancer using thin tissue sections causes the loss of CEP17 and HER2 signals. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1889-96. [PMID: 25119636 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 gene) and chromosome 17 polysomy are associated with breast cancer prognosis, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. HER2 gene analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 4-µm sections assuming a nuclear diameter of 6 µm caused the loss of genetic DNA. Using intact whole nuclei FISH (WNFISH) and thin tissue section FISH (TTFISH), 109 cases of invasive breast cancer were examined to observe correlations among HER2 gene amplification, CEP17 polysomy and the HER2/CEP17 ratio. The results showed significant differences in the mean copy number of HER2 and the HER2/CEP17 ratios between the WNFISH and TTFISH groups. No significant differences were observed in HER2 amplified, equivocal and non-amplified HER2 samples. Thirty-seven cases of CEP17 polysomy and 72 cases of non‑polysomy were detected by WNFISH. Twenty-nine cases of CEP17 polysomy and 72 cases of non-polysomy were detected by TTFISH. Significant differences were observed between the two methods using the McNemar test (P=0.039). In conclusion, detection of chromosome 17 polysomy in breast cancer with fluorescence in situ hybridization using thin tissue sections may cause the loss of CEP17 and HER2 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital and Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital and Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
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Kawakami H, Okamoto I, Okamoto W, Tanizaki J, Nakagawa K, Nishio K. Targeting MET Amplification as a New Oncogenic Driver. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1540-52. [PMID: 25055117 PMCID: PMC4190554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain genetically defined cancers are dependent on a single overactive oncogene for their proliferation and survival, a phenomenon known as "oncogene addiction". A new generation of drugs that selectively target such "driver oncogenes" manifests a clinical efficacy greater than that of conventional chemotherapy in appropriate genetically defined patients. MET is a proto-oncogene that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and aberrant activation of MET signaling occurs in a subset of advanced cancers as result of various genetic alterations including gene amplification, polysomy, and gene mutation. Our preclinical studies have shown that inhibition of MET signaling either with the small-molecule MET inhibitor crizotinib or by RNA interference targeted to MET mRNA resulted in marked antitumor effects in cancer cell lines with MET amplification both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, patients with non-small cell lung cancer or gastric cancer positive for MET amplification have shown a pronounced clinical response to crizotinib. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence thus suggests that MET amplification is an "oncogenic driver" and therefore a valid target for treatment. However, the prevalence of MET amplification has not been fully determined, possibly in part because of the difficulty in evaluating gene amplification. In this review, we provide a rationale for targeting this genetic alteration in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Junko Tanizaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
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Two histopathologically different diseases: hormone receptor-positive and hormone receptor-negative tumors in HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:615-23. [PMID: 24820412 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical behavior of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, including pathologic complete response rate and pattern of relapse and metastasis, differs substantially according to hormone receptor (HR) status. We investigated various histopathologic features of HER2-positive breast cancer and their correlation with HR status. We retrospectively analyzed tumors of 450 HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and 1 year of trastuzumab. HR-/HER2+ tumors showed higher nuclear grade, less tubule formation, higher histologic grade, frequent apocrine features, diffuse and abundant lymphocytic infiltration, strong HER2 immunohistochemical staining (3+), higher average HER2 copy number and HER2/CEP17 ratio, the absence of HER2 genetic heterogeneity, and greater p53 expression than HR+/HER2+ tumors. An inverse correlation was observed between estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor Allred score and average HER2 copy number or HER2/CEP17 ratio. The percentage of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) within the tumor was negatively correlated with ER Allred score, but positively correlated with average HER2 copy number and HER2/CEP17 ratio. Pathologic tumor size and DCIS percentage also showed a significant inverse correlation. Ratio of metastatic to total examined lymph node number was significantly correlated with average HER2 copy number and HER2/CEP17 ratio. High pT stage (hazard ratio, 2.370; p = 0.027), the presence of lymphovascular invasion (hazard ratio, 2.806; p = 0.005), and HR negativity (hazard ratio, 2.202; 1.074-4.513; p = 0.031) were found to be independent prognostic indicators of poor disease-free survival. In conclusion, HR+/HER2+ and HR-/HER2+ breast cancer showed distinct histopathologic features that may be relevant to their distinct clinical behavior.
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Jiang H, Bai X, Meng F, Zhang C, Zhang X. Evaluation of chromosome 17 polysomy in breast cancer by FISH analysis of whole nuclei, and its clinicopathological significance. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1954-1958. [PMID: 24932267 PMCID: PMC4049721 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification and overexpression are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to cytotoxic drugs in patients with breast cancer. Increases in the number of HER2 gene copies have been shown to be associated with chromosome 17 polysomy. The use of whole, intact nuclei for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay improves the accuracy of the results. FISH analysis of whole nuclei (WNFISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze HER2 gene amplification and HER2 protein expression in 109 breast cancer specimens. Chromosome 17 polysomy and its correlations with HER2 gene amplification, HER2 protein expression and the clinicopathological outcomes of the patients were also investigated. Among the 109 cases, WNFISH detected HER2 amplification in 30 cases, equivocal amplification in 19 cases and no amplification in 60 cases. WNFISH detected chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) polysomy in 37 cases and no polysomy in 72 cases. Among the 109 cases assessed by tissue microarray and IHC, 31 cases were HER2-negative, 14 cases were scored 1+, 23 cases were scored 2+ and 41 cases were scored 3+. The results demonstrated that in the cases with chromosome 17 polysomy, the HER2 gene was amplified, HER2 protein expression was increased and the incidences of nuclear atypia and lymph node metastases were higher compared with those in the cases without chromosome 17 polysomy. Chromosome 17 polysomy may correlate with increased malignant potential and metastatic spread in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fanjun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 202 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, Liaoning 110003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
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Cornejo KM, Kandil D, Khan A, Cosar EF. Theranostic and molecular classification of breast cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:44-56. [PMID: 24377811 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0442-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite advances in breast cancer management, women continue to relapse and die of breast cancer. Traditionally, evaluation for hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone), as well as HER2 overexpression, have guided therapy-related decision-making because they are both prognostic and predictive indicators. However, there are limitations with those studies, which can lead to improper treatment. Gene signatures have recently been shown to be of value in identifying molecular portraits of breast carcinoma and are beginning to play role in management and treatment algorithms. OBJECTIVE To provide a summary of the prognostic and predictive indicators of breast cancer, such as hormone receptors, HER2, and molecular gene signatures that currently help guide clinical decision making. DATA SOURCES Published articles from peer-reviewed journals in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine). CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence shows promise that, in addition to hormone receptors and HER2 studies, evaluating tumors with gene expression profiling can provide additional prognostic and predictive information, further aiding clinical management and leading to a more personalized approach to treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Cornejo
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester
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Fuchs EM, Köstler WJ, Horvat R, Hudelist G, Kubista E, Attems J, Zielinski CC, Singer CF. High-level ERBB2 gene amplification is associated with a particularly short time-to-metastasis, but results in a high rate of complete response once trastuzumab-based therapy is offered in the metastatic setting. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:224-31. [PMID: 24311197 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite patient selection based on ERBB2 overexpression, not all patients benefit from trastuzumab therapy. We have investigated whether a ERBB2 gene dosage effect might provoke increased biological aggressiveness and altered trastuzumab sensitivity. Absolute ERBB2 copy numbers ("CN") and ERBB2/centromer 17 ratios ("R") were measured by FISH analysis in tumors of 127 patients receiving trastuzumab-based treatment for Her-2/neu overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. CN and R were both significantly associated with shorter time to first metastasis (TTM) (CN: OR: 1.099, 95% CI: 1.042-1.159; R: OR: 1.211, 95% CI: 1.080-1.357) and longer PFS (CN: OR: 0.917, 95% CI: 0.867-0.969; R: OR: 0.840, 95% CI: 0.743-0.949) in a continuous variable Cox's regression model. Tumors with ERBB2/centromer 17 ratios of <2.2 had a significantly shorter TTM (p = 0.002) and significantly longer PFS (p = 0.003) than tumors with low-level (R: 2.2-6) and high-level amplification (R: >6). Interestingly, when ERBB2 copy numbers were analyzed, a significantly shorter TTM (p = 0.001) and longer PFS (p = 0.026) were observed in the group with high-level amplified CN (CN: >13), while no difference was observed between non- and low-level amplified CN. R, but not CN, was an independent predictor of complete (CR; OR: 1.685; 95% CI: 1.122-2.532) and partial (PR; OR: 1.704; 95% CI: 1.136-2.556) response in logistic regression analysis. CR (p = 0.016) rates were significantly higher in the high-level amplification group (R > 6), but no difference existed in response rates between non- and low-level amplified tumors in Chi-square tests. High-level ERBB2 amplification is associated with shorter TTM, but improved response to trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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HER2 in situ hybridization in breast cancer: clinical implications of polysomy 17 and genetic heterogeneity. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:4-18. [PMID: 23807776 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab-containing therapy is a standard of care for patients with HER2+ breast cancer. HER2 status is routinely assigned using in situ hybridization to assess HER2 gene amplification, but interpretation of in situ hybridization results may be challenging in tumors with chromosome 17 polysomy or intratumoral genetic heterogeneity. Apparent chromosome 17 polysomy, defined by increased chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17) signal number, is a common genetic aberration in breast cancer and represents an alternative mechanism for increasing HER2 copy number. Some studies have linked elevated CEP17 count ('polysomy') with adverse clinicopathologic features and HER2 overexpression, although there are numerous discrepancies in the literature. There is evidence that elevated CEP17 ('polysomy') count might account for trastuzumab response in tumors with normal HER2:CEP17 ratios. Nonetheless, recent studies establish that apparent 'polysomy' (CEP17 increase) is usually related to focal pericentromeric gains rather than true polysomy. Assigning HER2 status may also be complex where multiple cell subclones with distinct HER2 amplification characteristics coexist within the same tumor. Such genetic heterogeneity affects up to 40% of breast cancers when assessed according to a College of American Pathologists guideline, although other definitions have been proposed. Recent data have associated heterogeneity with unfavorable clinicopathologic variables and poor prognosis. Genetically heterogeneous tumors harboring HER2-amplified subclones have the potential to benefit from trastuzumab, but this has yet to be evaluated in clinical studies. In this review, we discuss the implications of apparent polysomy 17 and genetic heterogeneity for assigning HER2 status in clinical practice. Among our recommendations, we support the use of mean HER2 copy number rather than HER2:CEP17 ratio to define HER2 positivity in cases where coamplification of the centromere might mask HER2 amplification. We also highlight a need to harmonize in situ hybridization scoring methodology to support accurate HER2 status determination, particularly where there is evidence of heterogeneity.
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VEGFA gene locus analysis across 80 human tumour types reveals gene amplification in several neoplastic entities. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:519-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Orsaria M, Khelifa S, Buza N, Kamath A, Hui P. Chromosome 17 polysomy: correlation with histological parameters and HER2NEU gene amplification. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:1070-5. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsHER2NEU gene amplification is present in the majority of invasive breast carcinomas that have HER2 protein overexpression. A subset of breast cancers harbour an increased chromosome 17 (CEP17) copy number (polysomy 17). We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of polysomy 17 in correlation with various histological parameters and HER2NEU gene amplification.MethodsWe collected the surgical specimens of 266 consecutive cases of primary invasive breast carcinomas. HER2NEU gene status and CEP17 copy numbers were assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Chromosome 17 polysomy was determined by the presence of ≥3 average CEP17 signals per nucleus.Results63 tumours (23.7%) harboured polysomy 17. Carcinomas with polysomy 17 were associated with adverse histological indicators including high histological grade, high nuclear grade, poor Nottingham Prognostic Index, advanced local tumour extent and progesterone receptor negativity. Polysomy 17 was common to HER2NEU amplified and unamplified tumours, and more frequently observed in HER2NEU unamplified (71.4%) cases.Conclusions In the absence of the gene amplification, HER2 protein overexpression may be explained by other mechanisms including polysomy 17.
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Sapino A, Goia M, Recupero D, Marchiò C. Current Challenges for HER2 Testing in Diagnostic Pathology: State of the Art and Controversial Issues. Front Oncol 2013; 3:129. [PMID: 23734345 PMCID: PMC3659312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 overexpression and anti-HER2 agents represent probably the best story of success of individualized therapy in breast cancer. Due to the important therapeutic implications, the issue under the spotlight has been, since ever, the correct identification of true HER2 positivity on tissue specimens. Eligibility to anti-HER2 agents is strictly dependent on the demonstration of HER2 overexpression (by immunohistochemistry) or of HER2 gene amplification by in situ techniques (fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH), however there are controversial issues involving cases with "equivocal" HER2 status based on conventional techniques (about 20% of specimens). In terms of HER2 expression a major debate is the presence of full-length and truncated forms of the protein and controversial clinical data have been reported on the therapeutic implications of these HER2 fragments. In terms of HER2 gene assessment, the occurrence of amplification of the chromosome 17 centromeric region (CEP17) has been proven responsible for misleading HER2 FISH results, precluding anti-HER2 based therapy to some patients. Finally HER2 activating mutations have been recently described as a biological mechanisms alternative to HER2 gene amplification. In this review we will focus on the controversies that pathologists and oncologists routinely face in the attempt to design the most tailored treatment for breast cancer patients. We will focus on the HER2 gene and on the protein, both at technical and interpretational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Margherita Goia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
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Ohlschlegel C, Kradolfer D, Hell M, Jochum W. Comparison of automated and manual FISH for evaluation of HER2 gene status on breast carcinoma core biopsies. BMC Clin Pathol 2013; 13:13. [PMID: 23601823 PMCID: PMC3644269 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positive HER2 status identifies breast carcinomas that might respond to trastuzumab treatment. Manual HER2 fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) is the most readily used method to detect HER2 gene amplification which defines positive HER2 status in addition to HER2 protein overexpression. Automation of HER2 FISH may improve HER2 gene testing. The aim of our study was to evaluate an automated HER2 FISH assay for assessing the HER2 genomic status. Methods Core biopsies of 100 invasive breast carcinomas were analysed in parallel using the PathVysion™ HER-2 DNA Probe Kit and the Leica HER2 FISH System for BOND™. To assess inter-method agreement, concordance analysis was performed for various numerical and categorical HER2/CEP17 FISH parameters. Results Carcinomas with all HER2 immunohistochemical scores were included (0+: 20; 1+: 20; 2+: 30; 3+: 30). Using either HER2/CEP17 ratio >2.2 or ≥2.0 as criterion for HER2 amplification, high levels of concordance were observed between automated and manual FISH (concordance rate 96%, κ coefficient 0.92). High levels of inter-method agreement were also found for HER2 copy number, CEP17 copy number, HER2/CEP17 ratio, the percentage of carcinoma cells with HER2/CEP17 ratio >2.2, and the presence of HER2 genetic heterogeneity, HER2 clusters and CEP17 polyploidy. Conclusions HER2 testing using automated FISH is feasible on breast carcinoma core biopsies. Automated HER2 FISH using the Leica HER2 FISH System for BOND is a practical and efficient alternative to manual HER2 FISH in evaluating the HER2 status of primary invasive breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ohlschlegel
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital St, Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, CH-9007, St, Gallen, Switzerland.
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López C, Tomás B, Korzynska A, Bosch R, Salvadó MT, Llobera M, Garcia-Rojo M, Alvaro T, Jaén J, Lejeune M. Is it necessary to evaluate nuclei in HER2 FISH evaluation? Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 139:47-54. [PMID: 23270898 DOI: 10.1309/ajcppxlyjvfgov8i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method that simplifies the evaluation of the traditional HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) evaluation in breast cancer was proposed. HER2 status was evaluated in digital images (DIs) captured from 423 invasive breast cancer stained sections. All centromeric/CEP17 and HER2 gene signals obtained from separated stacked DIs were manually counted on the screen. The global ratios were compared with the traditional FISH evaluation and the immunohistochemical status. The 2 FISH scores were convergent in 96.93% of cases, showing an "almost perfect" agreement with a weighted k of 0.956 (95% confidence interval, 0.928-0.985). The new method evaluates at least 3 times more nuclei than traditional methods and also has an almost perfect agreement with the immunohistochemical scores. The proposed enhanced method substantially improves HER2 FISH assessment in breast cancer biopsy specimens because the evaluation of HER2/CEP17 copy numbers is more representative, easier, and faster than the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López
- Molecular Biology and Research Section, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Gerencia Territorial Terres de l’Ebre, IISPV, IDIAP, URV, UAB, Tortosa, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Gerencia Territorial Terres de l’Ebre, IISPV, IDIAP, URV, UAB, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Barbara Tomás
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Anna Korzynska
- Laboratory of Processing Systems of Microscopic Image Information, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ramón Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Maria T. Salvadó
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Montserrat Llobera
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Marcial Garcia-Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Tomás Alvaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Joaquín Jaén
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Marylène Lejeune
- Molecular Biology and Research Section, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Gerencia Territorial Terres de l’Ebre, IISPV, IDIAP, URV, UAB, Tortosa, Spain
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Intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer: its clinicopathological significance. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:938-48. [PMID: 22388760 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification has been reported to occur with variable frequencies in breast cancers. However, there have been few studies of its clinicopathological significance. We used tissue microarrays to evaluate two aspects of intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification: regional heterogeneity and genetic heterogeneity. We examined 96 invasive breast cancers in which HER2 amplification had been diagnosed in whole sections, and determined the clincopathological characteristics of those tumors. HER2 regional heterogeneity, defined as the existence of amplification/negative or amplification/equivocal patterns in different tissue microarray cores of a tumor, was present in 17 (18%) of the 96 cases. HER2 genetic heterogeneity, defined as the presence of tumor cells with a HER2/chromosome enumeration probe 17 ratio higher than 2.2 in 5-50% of the tumor cells, was found in 11 cases (11%), all of which showed HER2 regional heterogeneity. The cases with intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification were characterized by low grade or equivocal HER2 amplification and equivocal (2+) HER2 expression in whole sections. The patients with intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification had significantly shorter disease-free survival times than those with homogeneous HER2 gene amplification, and this effect was also evident in subgroup analysis by hormone receptor status. In multivariate analysis, intratumoral HER2 heterogeneity retained its status as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. In conclusion, intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 gene amplification is present in a subset of HER2-amplified breast cancers, especially in cases with low-grade HER2 amplification and equivocal HER2 expression, indicating a need for HER2 testing on more representative, larger tumor samples for accurate assessment of HER2 status in such cases. The patients with this heterogeneity have decreased disease-free survival, suggesting that genetic instability, and hence aberrant HER2 amplification in subclones of such tumors, may be associated with breast cancer progression.
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Portier BP, Gruver AM, Huba MA, Minca EC, Cheah AL, Wang Z, Tubbs RR. From morphologic to molecular: established and emerging molecular diagnostics for breast carcinoma. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:665-81. [PMID: 22504737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostics in the field of breast carcinoma are constantly evolving. The recent wave of molecular methodologies, both microscope and non-microscope based, have opened new ways to gain insight into this disease process and have moved clinical diagnostics closer to a 'personalized medicine' approach. In this review we highlight some of the advancements that laboratory medicine technology is making toward guiding the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy selection for patients affected by breast carcinoma. The content of the article is largely structured by methodology, with a distinct emphasis on both microscope based and non-microscope based diagnostic formats. Where possible, we have attempted to emphasize the potential benefits as well as limitations to each of these technologies. Successful molecular diagnostics, applied in concert within the morphologic context of a patient's tumor, are what will lay the foundation for personalized therapy and allow a more sophisticated approach to clinical trial stratification. The future of breast cancer diagnostics looks challenging, but it is also a field of great opportunity. Never before have there been such a plethora of new tools available for disease investigation or candidate therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce P Portier
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Kokate P, Sawaimoon S, Bhatia S, Mandava S. Evaluation of Genetic Status of HER-2/neu and Aneusomy 17 by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Comparison with Immunohistochemistry Assay from Indian Breast Cancer Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:239-45. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Kokate
- Cytogenetic Division, Super Religare Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Satyakam Sawaimoon
- Histopathology Division, Super Religare Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Simi Bhatia
- Histopathology Division, Super Religare Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Swarna Mandava
- Cytogenetic Division, Super Religare Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai, India
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Prognostic value of TOP2A gene amplification and chromosome 17 polysomy in early breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:885-94. [PMID: 22426810 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of TOP2A gene amplification and chromosome 17 polysomy in patients with early breast cancer and to correlate the status of these alterations with the prognostic significance expressed as patients' clinical features and survival. Such concurrent analyses of TOP2A gene status and chromosome 17 polysomy have not been performed before. Study group included 149 consecutive stage I-III patients administered standard multimodality treatment. TOP2A abnormalities were examined by standard fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and developed by our group quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). TOP2A amplification and deletion assessed by FISH were found in 23% and 7% of the tumours, respectively, and by qPCR in 31% and 11% of the tumours, respectively. Chromosome 17 polysomy was detected in 40% of the cases. TOP2A amplification (by qPCR) correlated with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.03) and overall survival (p = 0.047), and the prognostic value of TOP2A was confirmed in the multivariate analysis (HR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.09-9.56, p = 0.03). TOP2A gene amplification, but not chromosome 17 polysomy, carries negative prognostic information in early breast cancer. Given the aforementioned results, qPCR might serve as a prognostic tool in determining the patient's prognosis.
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Louzada S, Adega F, Chaves R. Defining the sister rat mammary tumor cell lines HH-16 cl.2/1 and HH-16.cl.4 as an in vitro cell model for Erbb2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29923. [PMID: 22253826 PMCID: PMC3254647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines have been shown to be reliable tools in genetic studies of breast cancer, and the characterization of these lines indicates that they are good models for studying the biological mechanisms underlying this disease. Here, we describe the molecular cytogenetic/genetic characterization of two sister rat mammary tumor cell lines, HH-16 cl.2/1 and HH-16.cl.4, for the first time. Molecular cytogenetic analysis using rat and mouse chromosome paint probes and BAC/PAC clones allowed the characterization of clonal chromosome rearrangements; moreover, this strategy assisted in revealing detected breakpoint regions and complex chromosome rearrangements. This comprehensive cytogenetic analysis revealed an increase in the number of copies of the Mycn and Erbb2 genes in the investigated cell lines. To analyze its possible correlation with expression changes, relative RNA expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR and RNA FISH. Erbb2 was found to be overexpressed in HH-16.cl.4, but not in the sister cell line HH-16 cl.2/1, even though these lines share the same initial genetic environment. Moreover, the relative expression of Erbb2 decreased after global genome demethylation in the HH-16.cl.4 cell line. As these cell lines are commercially available and have been used in previous studies, the present detailed characterization improves their value as an in vitro cell model. We believe that the development of appropriate in vitro cell models for breast cancer is of crucial importance for revealing the genetic and cellular pathways underlying this neoplasy and for employing them as experimental tools to assist in the generation of new biotherapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Chromosome Breakage/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics
- Clone Cells
- Computational Biology
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein
- Ploidies
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Louzada
- Center of Genomics and Biotechnology, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filomena Adega
- Center of Genomics and Biotechnology, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Center of Genomics and Biotechnology, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Nielsen KV, Ejlertsen B, Møller S, Jensen MB, Balslev E, Müller S, Knoop A, Mouridsen HT. Lack of independent prognostic and predictive value of centromere 17 copy number changes in breast cancer patients with known HER2 and TOP2A status. Mol Oncol 2011; 6:88-97. [PMID: 22153616 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefit of anthracyclines has been connected to HER2 status, TOP2A status and centromere 17 copy numbers (CEN-17). Data from a clinical trial randomizing patients to anthracyclines was used to assess whether the number of CEN-17 in breast cancers may predict incremental responsiveness to anthracyclines besides what is obtained when used relatively to TOP2A and HER2. As cut sections of paraffin-embedded tissue are prone to truncation of nuclei, strict definition of ploidy levels is lacking. We therefore used normal breast tissue to assist define ploidy levels in cut sections. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere 17 (CEN-17) and TOP2A was performed on 120 normal breast specimens. The diploid CEN-17 copy number was reduced from the expected two signals in whole nuclei to an average of 1.68 signals per nucleus in cut sections of normal breast. Ploidy levels determined in normal breast were applied to data on 767 patients with known HER2 and TOP2A status randomized to anthracyclines in the DBCG 89D trial. CEN-17 ploidy levels were in cut sections from the 767 breast cancer patients established as: Haploid: ≤1.25 (10%), diploid: 1.26-2.09 (60%), triploid: 2.10-2.93 (21%), tetraploid: 2.94-3.77 (5%) or higher ploidy: ≥3.78 (4%). Amplification of HER2 and deletion of TOP2A were frequently observed in tumors with a high ploidy level. In univariate analyses increasing ploidy was associated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.0001) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.0001). However, in multivariate analysis CEN-17 was not established as an independent prognostic factor and was neither a statistically significant predictor of benefit from CEF (Cyclophosphamide/Epirubicin/5-Fluorouracil) compared to CMF (Cyclophosphamide/Methotrexate/5-Fluorouracil) (P(Interaction) 0.39 for DFS and 0.67 for OS). In conclusion, CEN-17 levels do not independently from TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio identify breast cancer patients who achieve an incremental benefit from adjuvant anthracyclines.
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Mostafa NAE, Eissa SS, Belal DM, Shoman SH. Assessment of Her-2/neu gene amplification status in breast carcinoma with equivocal 2+ Her-2/neu immunostaining. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2011; 23:41-6. [PMID: 22099935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amplification of Her-2/neu gene occurs in 25-30% of breast carcinomas. FDA approved trastuzumab (Herceptin) is effective only in tumors having the gene amplification. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Her-2/neu protein is widely used but false positive and false negative results exist. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has both excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting Her-2/neu amplification. Comparative studies have shown discordant results in proportion of cases with equivocal 2+ immunostain. This study is thus conducted to ascertain the frequency of Her-2/neu gene amplification by FISH in breast carcinoma specified as score 2+ by IHC and to correlate these findings with parameters of prognosis in breast cancer. METHODS From October 2008 till May 2010 all paraffin blocks from cases with invasive breast carcinoma which were scored as 2+ by IHC were eligible for the study, there were 50 cases. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Her-2/neu was performed using the HercepTest. All cases were immunohistochemically evaluated for ER and PR. FISH was performed using FDA approved Path-Vysion Her-2/neu/CEP 17 dual color probe. RESULTS Nine cases (18%) out of 50 cases scored as Her-2/neu 2+ by IHC showed true gene amplification with a median value of scoring ratio 4.28 ranging from 2.37 to 13.26. Another two cases showed low level of amplification but when corrected for Her-2/neu/CEP ratio they did not show true amplification as they were associated with polysomy 17. With the exception of tumor size, neither patient's age, histologic grade nor lymph node status were correlated with Her-2/neu gene amplification. Significant inverse correlation existed between Her-2/neu gene amplification and ER (P=0.01), PR status (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Even though FISH is a more complex and expensive procedure, it should be considered the method of choice for assessment of Her-2/neu gene status especially for equivocal cases by IHC that are not accompanied by true gene amplification in the majority of breast carcinoma cases.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A E Mostafa
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Arafah M, Kfoury HK, Zaidi SN. HER2/neu Immunostaining in Invasive Breast Cancer: Analysis of False Positive Factors. Oman Med J 2011; 25:261-3. [PMID: 22043354 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2010.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HER2/neu gene amplification by Fluorescent in situ hybridization and protein expression by immunohistochemistry have been used for prognosis and guidance for the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with Trastuzumab. False positive results are a significant problem where immunohistochemistry is exclusively used to test HER2/neu protein over expression. A minority of cases of breast cancer scoring HER2 (3+) by immunohistochemistry using Hercep test may not be associated with amplification of the HER2/neu gene by FISH, a test which is a more specific and sensitive than immunohistochemistry. This study aims to examine the factors contributing to false positive results by immunohistochemistry and subsequently not showing HER2/neu gene amplification by FISH analysis. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 18 cases (3+) by immunohistochemistry in the pathology laboratory not associated with HER2/neu gene amplification was performed. The histological review of these cases was done, the technical error (i.e staining of blood vessels or benign ducts) and the interpretation errors were evaluated. RESULTS Polysomy 17 was absent in all the cases studied by FISH analysis. By immunohistochemistry, five of the 18 cases were purely interpretation errors and the remaining were a combination of technical and interpretational errors. CONCLUSION False positive results related to technical and interpretational errors can be prevented by properly educating the technologist and pathologist to perform high quality immunostains and to render an accurate diagnosis respectively. This issue is of utmost importance as it may have deleterious effects on the selection of therapeutic arsenal in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Arafah
- Form the Department of Pathology, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ohlschlegel C, Zahel K, Kradolfer D, Hell M, Jochum W. HER2 genetic heterogeneity in breast carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:1112-6. [PMID: 22011446 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the frequency of HER2 genetic heterogeneity according to the recent American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) definition (2009) in invasive breast carcinoma, and to identify clinicopathological features that characterise breast carcinomas with HER2 genetic heterogeneity. METHODS 530 invasive breast carcinomas were retrospectively analysed for HER2 genetic heterogeneity, and investigated for a potential association of HER2 genetic heterogeneity with other HER2 FISH findings, clinicopathological parameters, oestrogen/progesterone receptor expression and DNA cytometric parameters in breast carcinomas with an equivocal (2+) HER2 immunohistochemical score. RESULTS The overall frequency of HER2 genetic heterogeneity was 14.7% in a cohort of 218 consecutive breast carcinomas. HER2 genetic heterogeneity was most frequent in invasive breast carcinomas with an equivocal (2+) HER2 immunohistochemical score. Among the 151 carcinomas lacking HER2 amplification, 16.1% showed HER2 genetic heterogeneity. In an extended cohort of 345 carcinomas with a (2+) HER2 score, the frequency of HER2 genetic heterogeneity was 41%, and was associated with the absence of HER2 gene clusters, chromosome 17 polysomy, histological tumour grade, DNA ploidy category and 5c exceeding rate. CONCLUSION HER2 genetic heterogeneity according to the ASCO/CAP definition is frequent in breast carcinoma, and is most often present in carcinomas with an equivocal (2+) HER2 score. Many carcinomas with HER2 genetic heterogeneity have a negative HER2 amplification status, although they contain a significant number of tumour cells with HER2 gene amplification. Single cell scoring of the HER2/17 centromeric probe (CEP17) ratio is necessary to identify carcinomas with HER2 genetic heterogeneity, because they lack specific clinicopathological characteristics.
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Genetic alterations and protein expression of HER2 and chromosome 17 polysomy in breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1499-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Todorović-Raković N. Genome-based versus gene-based theory of cancer: Possibleimplications for clinical practice. J Biosci 2011; 36:719-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
AimsEquivocal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2) (2+) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is subject to significant interobserver variation and poses a challenge in obtaining a definitive positive or negative test result. This equivocal test result group accounts for approximately 15% of all tumours, and for optimal guidance of HER2 targeted therapy, a further analysis of quantification of gene copy number and amplification status is needed for patients with early or metastatic breast cancer.Methods553 breast-cancer specimens with equivocal HER2 IHC(2+) test results were collected and subsequently centrally retested by chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH), and HER2 gene copy numbers per tumour cell nucleus were determined.ResultsUsing CISH, 77 of 553 equivocal HER2 IHC(2+) test result cases (13.9% of total) showed high levels of HER2 gene amplification (≥10.0 gene copies per nucleus), and 41 of 553 (7.4% of total) showed low-level HER2 gene amplification (6.0–9.9 gene copies per nucleus). In 73.6% of cases, no amplification of the HER2 gene was shown, and in only 4.9% of cases was an equivocal test result by CISH observed (4.0–5.9 gene copies per nucleus).ConclusionsTesting by CISH of all equivocal HER2 IHC(2+) test result provides a definitive guidance in HER2 targeted therapy in 95.1% of cases. A significant proportion (21.3%) of patients with equivocal IHC(2+) test results show amplification of the HER2 gene.
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Co-amplification of the HER2 gene and chromosome 17 centromere: a potential diagnostic pitfall in HER2 testing in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 132:925-35. [PMID: 21698407 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Co-amplification of the centromere on chromosome 17 (CEP17) and HER2 can occur in breast cancer. Such aberrant patterns (clusters) on CEP17 can be misleading to calculate the HER2/CEP17 ratio, and thus underreporting of HER2 amplification. We identified 14 breast cancers retrospectively with HER2/CEP17 co-amplification and performed FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with additional chromosome 17 probes (17p11.1-q11.1, 17p11.2-p12, TP53 on 17p13.1, RARA on 17q21.1-3 and TOP2 on 17q21.3-22) to characterize the spanning of the amplicon in these cases. Furthermore, the HER2 status was analyzed by means of HER2 silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The co-amplification of HER2/CEP17 was compared between the three institutions. TP53 was eusomic in all cases, 17p11.2-p12 in 79% (11/14), whereas 17p11.1-q11.1 showed chromosomal gain in all cases. RARA was amplified in 10/14 cases (71%) and TOP2 in 3/14 cases (21%). HER2 was amplified with FISH/SISH in all 14 cases. 9/14 tumors were 3+ IHC positive (64%) and 3 cases were 2+ IHC positive. In our cohort the CEP17 amplicon almost always involves the HER2 but not the TOP2 locus. Overall agreement on HER2/CEP17 ratio (when applying ASCO/CAP guidelines) was only 64% (9/14 cases) between the institutions. Discrepant ratios varied from 1.1 to 14.3. The HER2/CEP17 co-amplification is not defined in the ASCO/CAP guidelines, and may result in inaccurate HER2-FISH/SISH status, particularly if only the calculated HER2/CEP17 ratio is reported. It is recommended to report separate CEP17 and HER2 signals in complex HER2/CEP17 patterns.
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Manion E, Hornick JL, Lester SC, Brock JE. A comparison of equivocal immunohistochemical results with anti-HER2/neu antibodies A0485 and SP3 with corresponding FISH results in routine clinical practice. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 135:845-51. [PMID: 21571957 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpip5loo3ngdjg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2/neu status in breast cancer is determined by immunohistochemical analysis and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Previous studies have found widely varying sensitivities and specificities for anti-HER2/neu antibodies, including recently developed rabbit monoclonal antibodies. The current prospective study compared rabbit monoclonal antibody SP3 and rabbit polyclonal antibody A0485 immunostaining on routinely processed consecutive cases of breast carcinoma. Of 1,610 cases tested, 261 (16.2%) equivocal (2+) cases were evaluated by FISH. Of 253 cases equivocal with A0485 results, 125 (49.4%) were negative with SP3. In 22 (8.7%) of 253 cases equivocal with A0485, there was amplification by FISH, and 3 of these cases were SP3- (0/1+). Of the 20 (14.8%) of 135 SP3-equivocal cases amplified by FISH, 1 case was A0485-. The reported false-negative rate with A0485 is 2.8%, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines recommend a rate of less than 5%. Compared with A0485, the false-negative rate with SP3 is only 0.3% (3/1,156) higher, but it shows about a 50% reduction in equivocal scores, reducing the need for reflex FISH testing.
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Vranic S, Teruya B, Repertinger S, Ulmer P, Hagenkord J, Gatalica Z. Assessment of HER2 gene status in breast carcinomas with polysomy of chromosome 17. Cancer 2010; 117:48-53. [PMID: 20803611 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was performed to determine the impact of polysomy 17 on the interpretation of HER2 testing of invasive breast carcinomas using fluorescent in situ hybridization methods. Current American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines define HER2-positive tumors as those with >6 HER2 genes per nucleus or those with HER2/CEP17 (chromosome 17) ratio >2.2. These guidelines are potentially contradictory in tumors with polysomy of chromosome 17. METHODS Seventy-two breast carcinoma cases with reported polysomy of chromosome 17 (≥ 3 CEP17 signals on average) by fluorescent in situ hybridization were identified, and the corresponding HER2 immunohistochemistry was obtained. The HER2 status of the archived samples was reviewed, and the tumors were recategorized according to the 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines. RESULTS The average CEP17 copy number for the group was 4.5 (range, 3.0-10.4). Thirty-three (45.8%) cases had >6 copies of HER2 per nucleus. Twenty-one cases (29.2%) qualified as HER2 gene amplified using the HER2/CEP17 ratio (>2.2) guideline. All these cases had >6 HER2 signals, which represented 63.6% of all cases with >6 HER2 signals. HER2 protein expression showed significant positive correlations with both HER2 gene copy number and HER2/CEP17 ratio (P < .01, r(s) = 0.56 and 0.64, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased CEP17 signals detected in invasive breast carcinomas may lead to discordant interpretation of gene amplification in a significant proportion of the cases, depending on which criterion (ratio vs absolute number) is used for interpretation. However, increased gene dosage (>6 HER2 genes or HER2/CEP17 ratio >2.2), regardless of the evaluation method, is positively correlated with HER2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Vranic
- Department of Pathology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA
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Baehner FL, Achacoso N, Maddala T, Shak S, Quesenberry CP, Goldstein LC, Gown AM, Habel LA. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 assessment in a case-control study: comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction performed by central laboratories. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4300-6. [PMID: 20697093 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal method to assess human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status remains highly controversial. Before reporting patient HER2 results, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines mandate that laboratories demonstrate ≥ 95% concordance to another approved laboratory or methodology. Here, we compare central laboratory HER2 assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using Oncotype DX in lymph node-negative, chemotherapy-untreated patients from a large Kaiser Permanente case-control study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Breast cancer specimens from the Kaiser-Genomic Health study were examined. Central FISH assessment of HER2 amplification and polysomy 17 was conducted by PhenoPath Laboratories (ratios > 2.2, 1.8 to 2.2, and < 1.8 define HER2 positive, HER2 equivocal, and HER2 negative, respectively). HER2 expression by RT-PCR was conducted using Oncotype DX by Genomic Health (normalized expression units ≥ 11.5, 10.7 to < 11.5, and < 10.7 define HER2 positive, HER2 equivocal, and HER2 negative, respectively). Concordance analyses followed ASCO/CAP guidelines. RESULTS HER2 concordance by central FISH and central RT-PCR was 97% (95% CI, 96% to 99%). Twelve percent (67 of 568 patients) and 11% (60 of 568 patients) of patients were HER2 positive by RT-PCR and FISH, respectively. HER2-positive patients had increased odds of dying from breast cancer compared with HER2-negative patients. Polysomy 17 was demonstrated in 12.5% of all patients and 33% of FISH-positive patients. Nineteen of 20 FISH-positive patients with polysomy 17 were also RT-PCR HER2 positive. Although not statistically significantly different, HER2-positive/polysomy 17 patients tended to have the worst prognosis, followed by HER2-positive/eusomic, HER2-negative/polysomy 17, and HER2-negative/eusomic patients. CONCLUSION There is a high degree of concordance between central FISH and quantitative RT-PCR using Oncotype DX for HER2 status, and the assay warrants additional study in a trastuzumab-treated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Baehner
- University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St, Rm R200, San Francisco, CA 94063, USA.
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De P, Smith BR, Leyland-Jones B. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing: where are we? J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4289-92. [PMID: 20697080 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Intratumorale HER2-Heterogenität des invasiven Mammakarzinoms. DER PATHOLOGE 2010; 31 Suppl 2:292-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00292-010-1316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Schlüter B, Gerhards R, Strumberg D, Voigtmann R. Combined detection of Her2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression in effusions from patients with breast and ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1389-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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