1
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Gu ZY, Zhou R, Hong D, Han Y, Wang LZ, Li J, Zhang ZY, Shi CJ. Fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 4 combined with lymph node metastasis predicts poor prognosis in oral cancer. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1004-1017. [PMID: 36938639 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) members including FGFR1-4 have been identified as promising novel therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in multiple solid tumors. However, the predictive role of the expression of FGFR proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires further exploration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical evaluation of FGFR1-4 was performed on 161 paired OSCC samples. The associations of FGFRs with clinicopathologic and prognostic parameters were analyzed. To further assess the contribution of FGFRs to OSCC proliferation, cell lines, and one PDX model was utilized to examine the anti-tumor effect of the pan-FGFR inhibitor AZD4547. RESULTS All FGFR members were found to be overexpressed in OSCC tumors when compared to normal tissues, and their expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed high expression of FGFR1 (p = 0.014) and FGFR4 (p = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors and co-overexpression of FGFR1 and FGFR4 with lymph node metastasis increased HR for death (p = 0.02). The pan-FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 showed anti-tumor activity in cell lines and in a patient-derived xenograft of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the co-overexpression of FGFR1 and FGFR4 as a significantly poor prognosis indicator in OSCC when combined with lymph node metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Prognosis
- Middle Aged
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Animals
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Aged
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Mice
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Adult
- Cell Proliferation
- Aged, 80 and over
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Gu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zhen Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Ji Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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Ewendt F, Feger M, Föller M. Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) and αKlotho in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:601006. [PMID: 33520985 PMCID: PMC7841205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 19 and 21, FGF23 is an endocrine member of the family of FGFs. Mainly secreted by bone cells, FGF23 acts as a hormone on the kidney, stimulating phosphate excretion and suppressing formation of 1,25(OH)2D3, active vitamin D. These effects are dependent on transmembrane protein αKlotho, which enhances the binding affinity of FGF23 for FGF receptors (FGFR). Locally produced FGF23 in other tissues including liver or heart exerts further paracrine effects without involvement of αKlotho. Soluble Klotho (sKL) is an endocrine factor that is cleaved off of transmembrane Klotho or generated by alternative splicing and regulates membrane channels, transporters, and intracellular signaling including insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and Wnt pathways, signaling cascades highly relevant for tumor progression. In mice, lack of FGF23 or αKlotho results in derangement of phosphate metabolism and a syndrome of rapid aging with abnormalities affecting most organs and a very short life span. Conversely, overexpression of anti-aging factor αKlotho results in a profound elongation of life span. Accumulating evidence suggests a major role of αKlotho as a tumor suppressor, at least in part by inhibiting IGF-1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Hence, in many malignancies, higher αKlotho expression or activity is associated with a more favorable outcome. Moreover, also FGF23 and phosphate have been revealed to be factors relevant in cancer. FGF23 is particularly significant for those forms of cancer primarily affecting bone (e.g., multiple myeloma) or characterized by bone metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the significance of FGF23 and αKlotho for tumor cell signaling, biology, and clinically relevant parameters in different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Ewendt
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Ko J, Meyer AN, Haas M, Donoghue DJ. Characterization of FGFR signaling in prostate cancer stem cells and inhibition via TKI treatment. Oncotarget 2021; 12:22-36. [PMID: 33456711 PMCID: PMC7800776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains uncurable and novel therapies are needed to better treat patients. Aberrant Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling has been implicated in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and FGFR1 is suggested to be a promising therapeutic target along with current androgen deprivation therapy. We established a novel in vitro 3D culture system to study endogenous FGFR signaling in a rare subpopulation of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and the induced pluripotent iPS87 cell line. 3D-propagation of PCa cells generated spheroids with increased stemness markers ALDH7A1 and OCT4, while inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 or Dovitinib decreased cell survival and proliferation of 3D spheroids. The 3D spheroids exhibited altered expression of EMT markers associated with metastasis such as E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail, compared to 2D monolayer cells. TKI treatment did not result in significant changes of EMT markers, however, specific inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 showed more favorable molecular-level changes than treatment with the multi-RTK inhibitor Dovitinib. This study provides evidence for the first time that FGFR1 plays an essential role in the proliferation of PCa CSCs at a molecular and cellular level, and suggests that TKI targeting of FGFR signaling may be a promising strategy for AR-independent CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Haas
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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Luo H, Zhang T, Cheng P, Li D, Ogorodniitchouk O, Lahmamssi C, Wang G, Lan M. Therapeutic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in a combination regimen for solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2525-2536. [PMID: 32782571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel drugs targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been developed, including mostly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain their effects on diverse solid tumors. Drugs, such as lenvatinib, dovitinib and other non-specific FGFR inhibitors, widely used in clinical practice, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer therapy, although the majority of drugs remain in preclinical tests or clinical research. The resistance to a single agent for FGFR inhibition with synthetic lethal action may be overcome by a combination of therapeutic approaches and FGFR inhibitors, which could also enhance the sensitivity to other therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the pharmacological characteristics of FGFR inhibitors that may be combined with other therapeutic agents and the preclinical data supporting their combination. Additionally, their clinical implications and the remaining challenges for FGFR inhibitor combination regimens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | | | - Chaimaa Lahmamssi
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lan
- Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Jie Er Hospital), Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
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5
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Mu HQ, Liang ZQ, Xie QP, Han W, Yang S, Wang SB, Zhao C, Cao YM, He YH, Chen J. Identification of potential crucial genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Biomark Med 2020; 14:353-369. [PMID: 32253914 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men throughout the world. This study aimed to investigate genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of PCa. Materials & methods: Data of PCa cases were obtained from public datasets and were analyzed using an integrated bioinformatics strategy. Results: A total of 969 differential expression genes were identified. Moreover, GSE16560 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data showed a prognostic prompt function of the nine-gene signature, as well as in PCa with Gleason 7. Finally, majority of the nine hub genes were associated with drug sensitivity, mutational landscape, immune infiltrates and clinical characteristics of PCa. Conclusion: The nine-gene signature was correlated with drug sensitivity, mutational landscape, immune infiltrates, clinical characteristics and survival from PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qi Mu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Peng Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai-Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Min Cao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Hua He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
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6
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FGFR1 and FGFR4 oncogenicity depends on n-cadherin and their co-expression may predict FGFR-targeted therapy efficacy. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102683. [PMID: 32114392 PMCID: PMC7047190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1 and FGFR4 have been associated with tumorigenesis in a variety of tumour types. As a therapeutic approach, their inhibition has been attempted in different types of malignancies, including lung cancer, and was initially focused on FGFR1-amplified tumours, though with limited success. METHODS In vitro and in vivo functional assessments of the oncogenic potential of downregulated/overexpressed genes in isogenic cell lines were performed, as well as inhibitor efficacy tests in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). mRNA was extracted from FFPE non-small cell lung cancer samples to determine the prognostic potential of the genes under study. FINDINGS We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that expression of the adhesion molecule N-cadherin is key for the oncogenic role of FGFR1/4 in non-small cell lung cancer. According to this, assessment of the expression of genes in different lung cancer patient cohorts showed that FGFR1 or FGFR4 expression alone showed no prognostic potential, and that only co-expression of FGFR1 and/or FGFR4 with N-cadherin inferred a poorer outcome. Treatment of high-FGFR1 and/or FGFR4-expressing lung cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts with selective FGFR inhibitors showed high efficacy, but only in models with high FGFR1/4 and N-cadherin expression. INTERPRETATION Our data show that the determination of the expression of FGFR1 or FGFR4 alone is not sufficient to predict anti-FGFR therapy efficacy; complementary determination of N-cadherin expression may further optimise patient selection for this therapeutic strategy.
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7
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Resistance to MET/VEGFR2 Inhibition by Cabozantinib Is Mediated by YAP/TBX5-Dependent Induction of FGFR1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010244. [PMID: 31963871 PMCID: PMC7016532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to elucidate the role of FGFR1 induction in acquired resistance to MET and VEGFR2 inhibition by cabozantinib in prostate cancer (PCa) and leverage this understanding to improve therapy outcomes. The response to cabozantinib was examined in mice bearing patient-derived xenografts in which FGFR1 was overexpressed. Using a variety of cell models that reflect different PCa disease states, the mechanism underpinning FGFR1 signaling activation by cabozantinib was investigated. We performed parallel investigations in specimens from cabozantinib-treated patients to confirm our in vitro and in vivo data. FGFR1 overexpression was sufficient to confer resistance to cabozantinib. Our results demonstrate transcriptional activation of FGF/FGFR1 expression in cabozantinib-resistant models. Further analysis of molecular pathways identified a YAP/TBX5-driven mechanism of FGFR1 and FGF overexpression induced by MET inhibition. Importantly, knockdown of YAP and TBX5 led to decreased FGFR1 protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of FGFR1, FGF1, and FGF2. This association was confirmed in a cohort of hormone-naïve patients with PCa receiving androgen deprivation therapy and cabozantinib, further validating our findings. These findings reveal that the molecular basis of resistance to MET inhibition in PCa is FGFR1 activation through a YAP/TBX5-dependent mechanism. YAP and its downstream target TBX5 represent a crucial mediator in acquired resistance to MET inhibitors. Thus, our studies provide insight into the mechanism of acquired resistance and will guide future development of clinical trials with MET inhibitors.
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8
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Antiangiogenic therapy with Nintedanib affects hypoxia, angiogenesis and apoptosis in the ventral prostate of TRAMP animals. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:407-420. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Lee CH, Decker AM, Cackowski FC, Taichman RS. Bone microenvironment signaling of cancer stem cells as a therapeutic target in metastatic prostate cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:115-130. [PMID: 31250347 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death among US males. When diagnosed in an early disease stage, primary tumors of PCa may be treated with surgical resection or radiation, sometimes combined with androgen deprivation therapy, with favorable outcomes. Unfortunately, the treatment efficacy of each approach decreases significantly in later stages of PCa that involve metastasis to soft tissues and bone. Metastatic PCa is a heterogeneous disease containing host cells, mature cancer cells, and subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are highly tumorigenic due to their self-renewing and differentiating potential, clinically resulting in recurrence and resistance to standard therapies. Therefore, there is a large unmet clinical need to develop therapies, which target CSC activity. In this review, we summarize the main signaling pathways that are implicated in the current pre-clinical and clinical studies of recurrent metastatic PCa within the bone microenvironment targeting CSCs and discuss the trajectory of therapeutics moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara H Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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10
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Jia Z, Zhu J, Zhuo Y, Li R, Qu H, Wang S, Wang M, Lu J, Chater JM, Ma R, Liu ZZ, Cai Z, Wu Y, Jiang F, He H, Zhong WD, Wu CL. Offsetting Expression Profiles of Prognostic Markers in Prostate Tumor vs. Its Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:539. [PMID: 31316912 PMCID: PMC6611437 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of the presence of tumors and subsequent prognosis based on tumor microenvironment becomes more clinically practical because tumor-adjacent tissues are easy to collect and they are more genetically homogeneous. The purpose of this study was to identify new prognostic markers in prostate stroma that are near the tumor. We have demonstrated the prognostic features of FGFR1, FRS2, S6K1, LDHB, MYPT1, and P-LDHA in prostate tumors using tissue microarrays (TMAs) which consist of 241 patient samples from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). In this study, we investigated these six markers in the tumor microenvironment using an Aperio Imagescope system in the same TMAs. The joint prognostic power of markers was further evaluated and classified using a new algorithm named Weighted Dichotomizing. The classifier was verified via rigorous 10-fold cross validation. Statistical analysis of the protein expression indicated that in tumor-adjacent stroma FGFR1 and MYPT1 were significantly correlated with patient outcomes and LDHB showed the outcome-association tendency. More interestingly, these correlations were completely opposite regarding tumor tissue as previously reported. The results suggest that prognostic testing should utilize either tumor-enriched tissue or stroma with distinct signature profiles rather than using mixture of both tissue types. The new classifier based on stroma tissue has potential value in the clinical management of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Han Qu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Shibo Wang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Meiyue Wang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - John M Chater
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Renyuan Ma
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Mathematics, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
| | - Ze-Zhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongding Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Funeng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichan He
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Ferrer I, Molina-Pinelo S, Paz-Ares L. A patent review of FGFR4 selective inhibition in cancer (2007-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:429-438. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1624720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Ferrer
- CNIO-H12O Lung Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- CNIO-H12O Lung Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Molina-Pinelo S, Cirauqui C, Ojeda-Márquez L, Marrugal Á, Suarez R, Conde E, Ponce-Aix S, Enguita AB, Carnero A, Ferrer I, Paz-Ares L. FGFR1 Cooperates with EGFR in Lung Cancer Oncogenesis, and Their Combined Inhibition Shows Improved Efficacy. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:641-655. [PMID: 30639621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is substantial evidence for the oncogenic effects of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in many types of cancer, including lung cancer, but the role of this receptor has not been addressed specifically in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We performed FGFR1 and EGFR overexpression and co-overexpression assays in adenocarcinoma and in inmortalized lung cell lines, and we also carried out surrogate and interaction assays. We performed monotherapy and combination EGFR/FGFR inhibitor sensitivity assays in vitro and in vivo in cell line- and patient-derived xenografts. We determined FGFR1 mRNA expression in a cohort of patients with anti-EGFR therapy-treated adenocarcinoma. RESULTS We have reported a cooperative interaction between FGFR1 and EGFR in this context, resulting in increased EGFR activation and oncogenic signaling. We have provided in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that FGFR1 expression increases tumorigenicity in cells with high EGFR activation in EGFR-mutated and EGFR wild-type models. At the clinical level, we have shown that high FGFR1 expression levels predict higher resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib in a cohort of patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-treated EGFR-mutated and EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma. Dual EGFR and FGFR inhibition in FGFR1-overexpressing, EGFR-activated models shows synergistic effects on tumor growth in vitro and in cell line- and patient-derived xenografts, suggesting that patients with tumors bearing these characteristics may benefit from combined EGFR/FGFR inhibition. CONCLUSION These results support the extended the use of EGFR inhibitors beyond monotherapy in the EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma setting in combination with FGFR inhibitors for selected patients with increased FGFR1 overexpression and EGFR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Insitute for Biomedical Research in Seville (UHVR, SNRC, Seville University), Seville, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cirauqui
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ojeda-Márquez
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Marrugal
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Suarez
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Conde
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Therapeutic Targets Laboratory, University Hospital HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce-Aix
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Doce de Octubre Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Enguita
- Pathological Anatomy Department, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Insitute for Biomedical Research in Seville (UHVR, SNRC, Seville University), Seville, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation i+12, Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Doce de Octubre Madrid, Spain; Medical School, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Xie G, Ke Q, Ji YZ, Wang AQ, Jing M, Zou LL. FGFR1 is an independent prognostic factor and can be regulated by miR-497 in gastric cancer progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 52:e7816. [PMID: 30484492 PMCID: PMC6262748 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has been reported in gastric cancer to be a prognostic factor. However, miR-497-targeted FGFR1 has not been explored in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. The present study intended to revalidate the prognostic significance of FGFR1 in patients with gastric cancer, and the mechanism of miR-497-regulated FGFR1 was investigated in gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were assayed by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The targeted genes were predicted by a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to evaluate the apoptosis in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. FGFR1 was frequently up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and associated with poor overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. Interestingly, FGFR1 loss-of-function resulted in a significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. In addition, we found that miR-497 was inhibited in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, while overexpression of miR-497 could suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. Importantly, bioinformatics analysis and experimental data suggested that FGFR1 was a direct target of miR-497, which could inhibit FGFR1 expression when transfected with miR-497 mimics. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of FGFR1 reversed the growth inhibition and apoptosis of miR-497 mimics in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. These findings suggested that overexpression of miR-497 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer through the suppression of FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Zu Ji
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - An-Qun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meng Jing
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Li Zou
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
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14
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Feng S, Shao L, Castro P, Coleman I, Nelson PS, Smith PD, Davies BR, Ittmann M. Combination treatment of prostate cancer with FGF receptor and AKT kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6179-6192. [PMID: 28008155 PMCID: PMC5351622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway occurs in the vast majority of advanced prostate cancers (PCas). Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling occurs in a wide variety of malignancies, including PCa. RNA-Seq of castration resistant PCa revealed expression of multiple FGFR signaling components compatible with FGFR signaling in all cases, with multiple FGF ligands expressed in 90% of cases. Immunohistochemistry confirmed FGFR signaling in the majority of xenografts and advanced PCas. AZD5363, an AKT kinase inhibitor and AZD4547, a FGFR kinase inhibitor are under active clinical development. We therefore sought to determine if these two drugs have additive effects in PCa models. The effect of both agents, singly and in combination was evaluated in a variety of PCa cell lines in vitro and in vivo. All cell lines tested responded to both drugs with decreased invasion, soft agar colony formation and growth in vivo, with additive effects seen with combination treatment. Activation of the FGFR, AKT, ERK and STAT3 pathways was examined in treated cells. AZD5363 inhibited AKT signaling and increased FGFR1 signaling, which partially compensated for decreased AKT kinase activity. While AZD4547 could effectively block the ERK pathway, combination treatment was needed to completely block STAT3 activation. Thus combination treatment with AKT and FGFR kinase inhibitors have additive effects on malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways and mitigating the compensatory upregulation of FGFR signaling induced by AKT kinase inhibition. Our studies suggest that co-targeting these pathways may be efficacious in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Longjiang Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Paul D Smith
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Barry R Davies
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
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15
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Shao L, Wang J, Karatas OF, Feng S, Zhang Y, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling plays a key role in transformation induced by the TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene and decreased PTEN. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14456-14471. [PMID: 29581856 PMCID: PMC5865682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Correlative studies in human prostate cancers reveal a frequent association of the TMPRSS2/ERG (TE) fusion gene with loss of PTEN and studies in mouse models reveal that ERG expression and PTEN loss synergistically promote prostate cancer progression. To determine the mechanism by which ERG overexpression and PTEN loss leads to transformation, we overexpressed the TE fusion gene and knocked down PTEN in an immortalized but non-transformed prostate epithelial cell line. We show that ERG overexpression in combination with PTEN loss can transform these immortalized but non-tumorigenic cells, while either alteration alone was not sufficient to fully transform these cells. Expression microarray analysis revealed extensive changes in gene expression in cells expressing the TE fusion with loss of PTEN. Among these gene expression changes was increased expression of multiple FGF ligands and receptors. We show that activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling plays a key role in transformation induced by TE fusion gene expression in association with PTEN loss. In addition, in vitro and in silico analysis reveals PTEN loss is associated with widespread increases in FGF ligands and receptors in prostate cancer. Inhibitors of FGF receptor signaling are currently entering the clinic and our results suggests that FGF receptor signaling is a therapeutic target in cancers with TE fusion gene expression and PTEN loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Shao
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shu Feng
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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16
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Ramalingam S, Ramamurthy VP, Njar VCO. Dissecting major signaling pathways in prostate cancer development and progression: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:16-27. [PMID: 27481707 PMCID: PMC7371258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and leading cause of cancer mortality in men. At the initial stages, prostate cancer is dependent upon androgens for their growth and hence effectively combated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, most patients eventually recur with an androgen deprivation-resistant phenotype, referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a more aggressive form for which there is no effective therapy presently available. The current review is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signaling pathways implicated in prostate cancer development and castration-resistance, besides addressing therapeutic strategies that targets the key signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilmurugan Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vidya P Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA.
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17
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Zhu J, Wang S, Zhang W, Qiu J, Shan Y, Yang D, Shen B. Screening key microRNAs for castration-resistant prostate cancer based on miRNA/mRNA functional synergistic network. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43819-30. [PMID: 26540468 PMCID: PMC4791269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput methods have been used to explore the mechanisms by which androgen-sensitive prostate cancer (ASPC) develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, it is difficult to interpret cryptic results by routine experimental methods. In this study, we performed systematic and integrative analysis to detect key miRNAs that contribute to CRPC development. From three DNA microarray datasets, we retrieved 11 outlier microRNAs (miRNAs) that had expression discrepancies between ASPC and CRPC using a specific algorithm. Two of the miRNAs (miR-125b and miR-124) have previously been shown to be related to CRPC. Seven out of the other nine miRNAs were confirmed by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) analysis. MiR-210, miR-218, miR-346, miR-197, and miR-149 were found to be over-expressed, while miR-122, miR-145, and let-7b were under-expressed in CRPC cell lines. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that miR-218, miR-197, miR-145, miR-122, and let-7b, along with their target genes, were found to be involved in the PI3K and AKT3 signaling network, which is known to contribute to CRPC development. We then chose five miRNAs to verify the accuracy of the analysis. The target genes of each miRNA were altered significantly upon transfection of specific miRNA mimics in the C4–2 CRPC cell line, which was consistent with our pathway analysis results. Finally, we hypothesized that miR-218, miR-145, miR-197, miR-149, miR-122, and let-7b may contribute to the development of CRPC through the influence of Ras, Rho proteins, and the SCF complex. Further investigation is needed to verify the functions of the identified novel pathways in CRPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sugui Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junyi Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Yoza K, Himeno R, Amano S, Kobashigawa Y, Amemiya S, Fukuda N, Kumeta H, Morioka H, Inagaki F. Biophysical characterization of drug-resistant mutants of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Genes Cells 2016; 21:1049-1058. [PMID: 27558949 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression and aberrant activation of tyrosine kinases occur frequently in human cancers. Various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are under clinical use, but acquisition of resistance to these drugs is a major problem. Here, we studied the interaction between two drug-resistant mutants of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), N546K and V561M, and four ATP-competitive inhibitors, ponatinib, dovitinib, PD173074 and BGJ-398. Among these protein-drug systems, the only marked reduction in affinity was that of PD173074 for the V561M mutant. We also examined the interaction of these FGFR1 variants to AMP-PNP, a nonhydrolyzable analogue of ATP, and showed that N546K showed increased affinity for the ATP analogue as compared with the wild type. These findings will help to clarify the mechanism of drug resistance in mutant tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Yoza
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Rika Himeno
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Amano
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kobashigawa
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Shun Amemiya
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Natsuki Fukuda
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morioka
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Inagaki
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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Upregulated lncRNA-UCA1 contributes to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of miR-216b and activation of FGFR1/ERK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7899-917. [PMID: 25760077 PMCID: PMC4480724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) has been recently shown to be dysregulated, which plays an important role in the progression of several cancers. However, the biological role and clinical significance of UCA1 in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Herein, we found that UCA1 was aberrantly upregulated in HCC tissues and associated with TNM stage, metastasis and postoperative survival. UCA1 depletion inhibited the growth and metastasis of HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, UCA1 could act as an endogenous sponge by directly binding to miR-216b and downregulation miR-216b expression. In addition, UCA1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-216b on the growth and metastasis of HCC cells, which might be involved in the derepression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression, a target gene of miR-216b, and the activation of ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, our data highlights the pivotal role of UCA1 in the tumorigenesis of HCC. Moreover, the present study elucidates a novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network that is UCA1-miR-216b-FGFR1-ERK signaling pathway in HCC, which may help to lead a better understanding the pathogenesis of HCC and probe the feasibility of lncRNA-directed diagnosis and therapy for this deadly disease.
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20
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in US men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an endocrine FGF, normally expressed by osteocytes, which plays a critical role in phosphate homeostasis via a feedback loop involving the kidney and vitamin D. We now show that FGF23 is expressed as an autocrine growth factor in all prostate cancer cell lines tested and is present at increased levels in prostate cancer tissues. Exogenous FGF23 enhances proliferation, invasion and anchorage independent growth in vitro while FGF23 knockdown in prostate cancer cell lines decreases these phenotypes. FGF23 knockdown also decreases tumor growth in vivo. Given that classical FGFs and FGF19 are also increased in prostate cancer, we analyzed expression microarrays hybridized with RNAs from of LNCaP cells stimulated with FGF2, FGF19 or FGF23. The different FGF ligands induce overlapping as well as unique patterns of gene expression changes and thus are not redundant. We identified multiple genes whose expression is altered by FGF23 that are associated with prostate cancer initiation and progression. Thus FGF23 can potentially also act as an autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine growth factor in prostate cancer that can promote prostate cancer progression.
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21
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McNerney EM, Onate SA. New Insights in the Role of Androgen-to-Estrogen Ratios, Specific Growth Factors and Bone Cell Microenvironment to Potentiate Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.11131/2015/101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. McNerney
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Sergio A. Onate
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Chile
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, Anatomy and Pathology Building, 2nd Floor, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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Verstraete M, Debucquoy A, Gonnissen A, Dok R, Isebaert S, Devos E, McBride W, Haustermans K. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the radiosensitizing effect of a selective FGFR inhibitor (JNJ-42756493) for rectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:946. [PMID: 26675289 PMCID: PMC4682227 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the anti-tumor effect and radiosensitizing potential of a small molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo. Methods Effects of in vitro drug treatment on cell survival, proliferation, FGFR signaling, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and radiosensitivity were assessed using various CRC cell lines with FGFR wild type (Caco2 and HCA7) and FGFR2 amplification (HCT116, NCI-H716). In vivo tumor responses to FGFR inhibition with and without radiation therapy were evaluated by growth delay assays in two colorectal xenograft mouse models (NMRI nu/nu mice injected with NCI-H716 or CaCo2 cells). Mechanistic studies were conducted using Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Results In the tested cell lines, the FGFR inhibitor (JNJ-42756493) was effective in vitro and in vivo in CRC tumors with highest expression of FGFR2 (NCI-H716). In vitro, cell proliferation in this line was decreased, associated with increased apoptotic death and decreased cell survival. In vivo, growth of NCI-H716 tumors was delayed by 5 days by drug treatment alone, although when drug delivery was stopped the relative tumor volume increased compared to control. The FGFR inhibitor did not radiosensitize NCI-H716 tumors either in vitro or in vivo. Conclusions Among tested CRC cell lines, the growth inhibitory activity of this FGFR inhibitor was evident in cell lines with high constitutive FGFR2 expression, suggesting that FGFR addiction may provide a window for therapeutic intervention, though caution is advised. Preclinical study with NCI-H716 and Caco2 tumor demonstrated that continued presence of drug could be essential for tumor growth control, especially in cells with aberrant FGFR expression. In the tested set-up, the inhibitor showed no radiosensitizing effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-2000-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Verstraete
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Debucquoy
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Gonnissen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ruveyda Dok
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Isebaert
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Devos
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - William McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6951, USA.
| | - Karin Haustermans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hierro C, Rodon J, Tabernero J. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor/FGF Inhibitors: Novel Targets and Strategies for Optimization of Response of Solid Tumors. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:801-19. [PMID: 26615127 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway plays a major role in several biological processes, from organogenesis to metabolism homeostasis and angiogenesis. Several aberrations, including gene amplifications, point mutations, and chromosomal translocations have been described across solid tumors. Most of these molecular alterations promote multiple steps of carcinogenesis in FGFR oncogene-addicted cells, increasing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Data suggest that upregulation of FGFR signaling is a common event in many cancer types. The FGFR pathway thus arises as a potential promising target for cancer treatment. Several FGFR inhibitors are currently under development. Initial preclinical results have translated into limited successful clinical responses when first-generation, nonspecific FGFR inhibitors were evaluated in patients. The future development of selective and unselective FGFR inhibitors will rely on a better understanding of the tissue-specific role of FGFR signaling and identification of biomarkers to select those patients who will benefit the most from these drugs. Further studies are warranted to establish the predictive significance of the different FGFR-aberrations and to incorporate them into clinical algorithms, now that second-generation, selective FGFR inhibitors exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Hierro
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Joshi G, Singh PK, Negi A, Rana A, Singh S, Kumar R. Growth factors mediated cell signalling in prostate cancer progression: Implications in discovery of anti-prostate cancer agents. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:120-33. [PMID: 26297992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality amongst world's population, in which prostate cancer is one of the most encountered malignancies among men. Globally, it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Prostate cancer is more prevalent in the developed world and is increasing at alarming rates in the developing countries. Prostate cancer is mostly a very sluggish progressing disease, caused by the overproduction of steroidal hormones like dihydrotestosterone or due to over-expression of enzymes such as 5-α-reductase. Various studies have revealed that growth factors play a crucial role in the progression of prostate cancer as they act either by directly elevating the level of steroidal hormones or upregulating enzyme efficacy by the active feedback mechanism. Presently, treatment options for prostate cancer include radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. If treatment is done with prevailing traditional chemotherapy; it leads to resistance and development of androgen-independent prostate cancer that further complicates the situation with no cure option left. The current review article is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signalling pathways intervened through survival factors (IGF-1R), growth factors (TGF-α, EGF), Wnt, Hedgehog, interleukin, cytokinins and death factor receptor which are frequently dysregulated in prostate cancer. This will enable the researchers to design and develop better therapeutic strategies targeting growth factors and their cross talks mediated prostate cancer cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Anil Rana
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Centre for Genetic Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Emerging Life Science Technologies, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India.
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25
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Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases differ widely in their propensity to undergo rearrangements
of the N-terminal Asp–Phe–Gly (DFG) motif of the activation
loop, with some, including FGFR1 kinase, appearing refractory to this so-called
‘DFG flip'. Recent inhibitor-bound structures have unexpectedly
revealed FGFR1 for the first time in a ‘DFG-out' state. Here we
use conformationally selective inhibitors as chemical probes for interrogation of
the structural and dynamic features that appear to govern the DFG flip in FGFR1. Our
detailed structural and biophysical insights identify contributions from altered
dynamics in distal elements, including the αH helix, towards the
outstanding stability of the DFG-out complex with the inhibitor ponatinib. We
conclude that the αC-β4 loop and ‘molecular
brake' regions together impose a high energy barrier for this
conformational rearrangement, and that this may have significance for maintaining
autoinhibition in the non-phosphorylated basal state of FGFR1. Receptor tyrosine kinases are key mediators of cell proliferation
that have been implicated in several disease states for which they represent promising
drug targets. Here the authors determine the thermodynamic basis for the low propensity
of FGFR1 to access the DFG-Phe-out conformation required to bind type-II
inhibitors.
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26
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Lee YC, Gajdosik MS, Josic D, Clifton JG, Logothetis C, Yu-Lee LY, Gallick GE, Maity SN, Lin SH. Secretome analysis of an osteogenic prostate tumor identifies complex signaling networks mediating cross-talk of cancer and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:471-83. [PMID: 25527621 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.039909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct feature of human prostate cancer (PCa) is the development of osteoblastic (bone-forming) bone metastases. Metastatic growth in the bone is supported by factors secreted by PCa cells that activate signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment that augment tumor growth. To better understand these signaling networks and identify potential targets for therapy of bone metastases, we characterized the secretome of a patient-derived xenograft, MDA-PCa-118b (PCa-118b), generated from osteoblastic bone lesion. PCa-118b induces osteoblastic tumors when implanted either in mouse femurs or subcutaneously. To study signaling molecules critical to these unique tumor/microenvironment-mediated events, we performed mass spectrometry on conditioned media of isolated PCa-118b tumor cells, and identified 26 secretory proteins, such as TGF-β2, GDF15, FGF3, FGF19, CXCL1, galectins, and β2-microglobulin, which represent both novel and previously published secreted proteins. RT-PCR using human versus mouse-specific primers showed that TGFβ2, GDF15, FGF3, FGF19, and CXCL1 were secreted from PCa-118b cells. TGFβ2, GDF15, FGF3, and FGF19 function as both autocrine and paracrine factors on tumor cells and stromal cells, that is, endothelial cells and osteoblasts. In contrast, CXCL1 functions as a paracrine factor through the CXCR2 receptor expressed on endothelial cells and osteoblasts. Thus, our study reveals a complex PCa bone metastasis secretome with paracrine and autocrine signaling functions that mediate cross-talk among multiple cell types within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lee
- From the Departments of ‡Translational Molecular Pathology
| | | | - Djuro Josic
- ****Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - James G Clifton
- ‡‡Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- §Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- ¶Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Gary E Gallick
- §Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sankar N Maity
- §Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- From the Departments of ‡Translational Molecular Pathology,
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27
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Lee CK, Lee ME, Lee WS, Kim JM, Park KH, Kim TS, Lee KY, Ahn JB, Chung HC, Rha SY. Dovitinib (TKI258), a multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, is effective regardless of KRAS or BRAF mutation status in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 5:72-86. [PMID: 25628921 PMCID: PMC4300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells exhibit distinct sensitivities to the multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, TKI258 (dovitinib). MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened 10 CRC cell lines by using receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array to identify activated RTKs. MTT assays, anchorage-independent colony-formation assays, and immunoblotting assays were performed to evaluate the in vitro anti-tumor effects of TKI258. In vivo efficacy study followed by pharmacodynamic evaluation was done. RESULTS Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR3 were among the most highly activated RTKs in CRC cell lines. In in vitro assays, the BRAF mutant HT-29 cells were more resistant to the TKI258 than the KRAS mutant LoVo cells. However, in xenograft assays, TKI258 equally delayed the growth of tumors induced by both cell lines. TUNEL assays showed that the apoptotic index was unchanged following TKI258 treatment, but staining for Ki-67 and CD31 was substantially reduced in both xenografts, implying an anti-angiogenic effect of the drug. TKI258 treatment was effective in delaying CRC tumor growth in vivo regardless of the KRAS and BRAF mutation status. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify FGFRs as potential targets in CRC treatment and suggest that combined targeting of multiple RTKs with TKI258 might serve as a novel approach to improve outcome of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Kun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Myung Eun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Kang Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
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28
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Bitting RL, Schaeffer D, Somarelli JA, Garcia-Blanco MA, Armstrong AJ. The role of epithelial plasticity in prostate cancer dissemination and treatment resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:441-68. [PMID: 24414193 PMCID: PMC4230790 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 30,000 men die annually in the USA of prostate cancer, nearly uniformly from metastatic dissemination. Despite recent advances in hormonal, immunologic, bone-targeted, and cytotoxic chemotherapies, treatment resistance and further dissemination are inevitable in men with metastatic disease. Emerging data suggests that the phenomenon of epithelial plasticity, encompassing both reversible mesenchymal transitions and acquisition of stemness traits, may underlie this lethal biology of dissemination and treatment resistance. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of this cellular plasticity from preclinical models of prostate cancer and from biomarker studies of human metastatic prostate cancer has provided clues to novel therapeutic approaches that may delay or prevent metastatic disease and lethality over time. This review will discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for epithelial plasticity in this rapidly changing field and relate this to clinical phenotype and resistance in prostate cancer while suggesting novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L. Bitting
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC Box 102002, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for RNA Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daneen Schaeffer
- Center for RNA Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Center for RNA Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for RNA Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J. Armstrong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, DUMC Box 102002, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for RNA Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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29
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Vajpai N, Schott AK, Vogtherr M, Breeze AL. NMR backbone assignments of the tyrosine kinase domain of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2014; 8:85-8. [PMID: 23325512 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-013-9458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Members of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family (FGFR1-4) play an important role in many signalling cascades. Although tightly regulated, aberrant activity of these enzymes may lead to, or become features of, disease pathologies including cancer. FGFR isoforms have been the subject of drug discovery programmes, with a number of kinase-domain inhibitors in pre-clinical and clinical development. Here, we present the first (83% complete) backbone resonance assignments of apo-FGFR1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navratna Vajpai
- Protein Structure and Biophysics, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
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30
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Dienstmann R, Rodon J, Prat A, Perez-Garcia J, Adamo B, Felip E, Cortes J, Iafrate AJ, Nuciforo P, Tabernero J. Genomic aberrations in the FGFR pathway: opportunities for targeted therapies in solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:552-563. [PMID: 24265351 PMCID: PMC4433501 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) cascade plays crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that in some tumor types, FGFRs are bona fide oncogenes to which cancer cells are addicted. Because FGFR inhibition can reduce proliferation and induce cell death in a variety of in vitro and in vivo tumor models harboring FGFR aberrations, a growing number of research groups have selected FGFRs as targets for anticancer drug development. Multikinase FGFR/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors have shown promising activity in breast cancer patients with FGFR1 and/or FGF3 amplification. Early clinical trials with selective FGFR inhibitors, which may overcome the toxicity constraints raised by multitarget kinase inhibition, are recruiting patients with known FGFR(1-4) status based on genomic screens. Preliminary signs of antitumor activity have been demonstrated in some tumor types, including squamous cell lung carcinomas. Rational combination of targeted therapies is expected to further increase the efficacy of selective FGFR inhibitors. Herein, we discuss unsolved questions in the clinical development of these agents and suggest guidelines for management of hyperphosphatemia, a class-specific mechanism-based toxicity. In addition, we propose standardized definitions for FGFR1 and FGFR2 gene amplification based on in situ hybridization methods. Extended access to next-generation sequencing platforms will facilitate the identification of diseases in which somatic FGFR(1-4) mutations, amplifications and fusions are potentially driving cancer cell viability, further strengthening the role of FGFR signaling in cancer biology and providing more possibilities for the therapeutic application of FGFR inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 3/genetics
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Hyperphosphatemia/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dienstmann
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | | | - A Prat
- Medical Oncology Department; Translational Genomics Lab
| | | | | | | | | | - A J Iafrate
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | - P Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Klein T, Tucker J, Holdgate GA, Norman RA, Breeze AL. FGFR1 Kinase Inhibitors: Close Regioisomers Adopt Divergent Binding Modes and Display Distinct Biophysical Signatures. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:166-71. [PMID: 24900792 PMCID: PMC4027782 DOI: 10.1021/ml4004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of a ligand to its target protein is often accompanied by conformational changes of both the protein and the ligand. This is of particular interest, since structural rearrangements of the macromolecular target and the ligand influence the free energy change upon complex formation. In this study, we use X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, and surface-plasmon resonance biosensor analysis to investigate the binding of pyrazolylaminopyrimidine inhibitors to FGFR1 tyrosine kinase, an important anticancer target. Our results highlight that structurally close analogs of this inhibitor series interact with FGFR1 with different binding modes, which are a consequence of conformational changes in both the protein and the ligand as well as the bound water network. Together with the collected kinetic and thermodynamic data, we use the protein-ligand crystal structure information to rationalize the observed inhibitory potencies on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Klein
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K.
| | | | - Geoffrey A. Holdgate
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K.
| | - Richard A. Norman
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K.
| | - Alexander L. Breeze
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K.
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32
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Tumor models for prostate cancer exemplified by fibroblast growth factor 8-induced tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Reprod Biol 2014; 14:16-24. [PMID: 24607251 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a very common malignancy among Western males. Although most tumors are indolent and grow slowly, some grow and metastasize aggressively. Because prostate cancer growth is usually androgen-dependent, androgen ablation offers a therapeutic option to treat post-resection tumor recurrence or primarily metastasized prostate cancer. However, patients often relapse after the primary response to androgen ablation therapy, and there is no effective cure for cases of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The mechanisms of tumor growth in CRPC are poorly understood. Although the androgen receptors (ARs) remain functional in CRPC, other mechanisms are clearly activated (e.g., disturbed growth factor signaling). Results from our laboratory and others have shown that dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, including FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) activation and FGF8b overexpression, has an important role in prostate cancer growth and progression. Several experimental models have been developed for prostate tumorigenesis and various stages of tumor progression. These models include genetically engineered mice and rats, as well as induced tumors and xenografts in immunodeficient mice. The latter was created using parental and genetically modified cell lines. All of these models greatly helped to elucidate the roles of different genes in prostate carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Recently, patient-derived xenografts have been studied for possible use in testing individual, specific responses of tumor tissue to different treatment options. Feasible and functional CRPC models for drug responsiveness analysis and the development of effective therapies targeting the FGF signaling pathway and other pathways in prostate cancer are being actively investigated.
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33
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Dushyanthen S, Cossigny DAF, Quan GMY. The osteoblastic and osteoclastic interactions in spinal metastases secondary to prostate cancer. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2013; 6:61-80. [PMID: 24665208 PMCID: PMC3941153 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers arising in men and has a high propensity for bone metastasis, particularly to the spine. At this stage, it often causes severe morbidity due to pathological fracture and/or metastatic epidural spinal cord compression which, if untreated, inevitably leads to intractable pain, neurological deficit, and paralysis. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving growth of secondary PC in the bony vertebral column remain largely unknown. Further investigation is warranted in order to identify therapeutic targets in the future. This review summarizes the current understanding of PC bone metastasis in the spine, highlighting interactions between key tumor and bone-derived factors which influence tumor progression, especially the functional roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone microenvironment through their interactions with metastatic PC cells and the critical pathway RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathana Dushyanthen
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Davina A F Cossigny
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald M Y Quan
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
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34
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Dakhova O, Rowley D, Ittmann M. Genes upregulated in prostate cancer reactive stroma promote prostate cancer progression in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:100-9. [PMID: 24150235 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Marked reactive stroma formation is associated with poor outcome in clinically localized prostate cancer. We have previously identified genes with diverse functions that are upregulated in reactive stroma. This study tests the hypothesis that expression of these genes in stromal cells enhances prostate cancer growth in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of reactive stroma genes in prostate stromal cell lines was evaluated by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and qRT-PCR. Genes were knocked down using stable expression of short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and the impact on tumorigenesis assessed using the differential reactive stroma (DRS) system, in which prostate stromal cell lines are mixed with LNCaP prostate cancer cells and growth as subcutaneous xenografts assessed. RESULTS Nine of 10 reactive stroma genes tested were expressed in one or more prostate stromal cell lines. Gene knockdown of c-Kit, Wnt10B, Bmi1, Gli2, or COMP all resulted in decreased tumorigenesis in the DRS model. In all tumors analyzed, angiogenesis was decreased and there were variable effects on proliferation and apoptosis in the LNCaP cells. Wnt10B has been associated with stem/progenitor cell phenotype in other tissue types. Using a RT-PCR array, we detected downregulation of multiple genes involved in stem/progenitor cell biology such as OCT4 and LIF as well as cytokines such as VEGFA, BDNF, and CSF2 in cells with Wnt10B knockdown. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that genes upregulated in prostate cancer-reactive stroma promote progression when expressed in prostate stromal cells. Moreover, these data indicate that the DRS model recapitulates key aspects of cancer cell/reactive stroma interactions in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dakhova
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine; and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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35
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Corn PG, Wang F, McKeehan WL, Navone N. Targeting fibroblast growth factor pathways in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5856-66. [PMID: 24052019 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer carries a poor prognosis and novel therapies are needed. Research has focused on identifying mechanisms that promote angiogenesis and cellular proliferation during prostate cancer progression from the primary tumor to bone-the principal site of prostate cancer metastases. One candidate pathway is the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) axis. Aberrant expression of FGF ligands and FGF receptors leads to constitutive activation of multiple downstream pathways involved in prostate cancer progression including mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and phospholipase Cγ. The involvement of FGF pathways in multiple mechanisms relevant to prostate tumorigenesis provides a rationale for the therapeutic blockade of this pathway, and two small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors-dovitinib and nintedanib-are currently in phase II clinical development for advanced prostate cancer. Preliminary results from these trials suggest that FGF pathway inhibition represents a promising new strategy to treat castrate-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Corn
- Authors' Affiliations: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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36
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A mechanism of resistance to gefitinib mediated by cellular reprogramming and the acquisition of an FGF2-FGFR1 autocrine growth loop. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e39. [PMID: 23552882 PMCID: PMC3641357 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite initial and often dramatic responses of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-addicted lung tumors to the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, nearly all develop resistance and relapse. To explore novel mechanisms mediating acquired resistance, we employed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines bearing activating mutations in EGFR and rendered them resistant to EGFR-specific TKIs through chronic adaptation in tissue culture. In addition to previously observed resistance mechanisms including EGFR-T790M ‘gate-keeper' mutations and MET amplification, a subset of the seven chronically adapted NSCLC cell lines including HCC4006, HCC2279 and H1650 cells exhibited marked induction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA and protein. Also, adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs was accompanied by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as assessed by changes in CDH1, VIM, ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression and altered growth properties in Matrigel. In adapted cell lines exhibiting increased FGF2 and FGFR1 expression, measures of growth and signaling, but not EMT, were blocked by FGFR-specific TKIs, an FGF-ligand trap and FGFR1 silencing with RNAi. In parental HCC4006 cells, cell growth was strongly inhibited by gefitinib, although drug-resistant clones progress within 10 days. Combined treatment with gefitinib and AZD4547, an FGFR-specific TKI, prevented the outgrowth of drug-resistant clones. Thus, induction of FGF2 and FGFR1 following chronic adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs provides a novel autocrine receptor tyrosine kinase-driven bypass pathway in a subset of lung cancer cell lines that are initially sensitive to EGFR-specific TKIs. The findings support FGFR-specific TKIs as potentially valuable additions to existing targeted therapeutic strategies with EGFR-specific TKIs to prevent or delay acquired resistance in EGFR-driven NSCLC.
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Feng S, Dakhova O, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M. Endocrine fibroblast growth factor FGF19 promotes prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2551-62. [PMID: 23440425 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. There is broad evidence that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors are important in prostate cancer initiation and progression, but the contribution of particular FGFs in this disease is not fully understood. The FGF family members FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 comprise a distinct subfamily that circulate in serum and act in an endocrine manner. These endocrine FGFs require α-Klotho (KL) and/or β-Klotho (KLB), two related single-pass transmembrane proteins restricted in their tissue distribution, to act as coreceptors along with classic FGF receptors (FGFR) to mediate potent biologic activity. Here we show that FGF19 is expressed in primary and metastatic prostate cancer tissues, where it functions as an autocrine growth factor. Exogenous FGF19 promoted the growth, invasion, adhesion, and colony formation of prostate cancer cells at low ligand concentrations. FGF19 silencing in prostate cancer cells expressing autocrine FGF19 decreased invasion and proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Consistent with these observations, KL and/or KLB were expressed in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, raising the possibility that additional endocrine FGFs may also exert biologic effects in prostate cancer. Our findings support the concept that therapies targeting FGFR signaling may have efficacy in prostate cancer and highlight FGF19 as a relevant endocrine FGF in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Dieci MV, Arnedos M, Andre F, Soria JC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a cancer treatment: from a biologic rationale to medical perspectives. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:264-79. [PMID: 23418312 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in many physiologic processes, including embryogenesis, adult tissue homeostasis, and wound healing, by orchestrating angiogenesis. Ligand-independent and ligand-dependent activation have been implicated in a broad range of human malignancies and promote cancer progression in tumors driven by FGF/FGFR oncogenic mutations or amplifications, tumor neoangiogenesis, and targeted treatment resistance, thereby supporting a strong rationale for anti-FGF/FGFR agent development. Efforts are being pursued to develop selective approaches for use against this pathway by optimizing the management of emerging, class-specific toxicity profiles and correctly designing clinical trials to address these different issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Breast Cancer Unit, INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
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Shao L, Tekedereli I, Wang J, Yuca E, Tsang S, Sood A, Lopez-Berestein G, Ozpolat B, Ittmann M. Highly specific targeting of the TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene using liposomal nanovectors. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6648-57. [PMID: 23052253 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The TMPRSS2/ERG (T/E) fusion gene is present in half of all prostate cancer tumors. Fusion of the oncogenic ERG gene with the androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 gene promoter results in expression of fusion mRNAs in prostate cancer cells. The junction of theTMPRSS2- and ERG-derived portions of the fusion mRNA constitutes a cancer-specific target in cells containing the T/E fusion gene. Targeting the most common alternatively spliced fusion gene mRNA junctional isoforms in vivo using siRNAs in liposomal nanovectors may potentially be a novel, low-toxicity treatment for prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We designed and optimized siRNAs targeting the two most common T/E fusion gene mRNA junctional isoforms (type III or type VI). Specificity of siRNAs was assessed by transient co-transfection in vitro. To test their ability to inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells expressing these fusion gene isoforms in vivo, specific siRNAs in liposomal nanovectors were used to treat mice bearing orthotopic or subcutaneous xenograft tumors expressing the targeted fusion isoforms. RESULTS The targeting siRNAs were both potent and highly specific in vitro. In vivo they significantly inhibited tumor growth. The degree of growth inhibition was variable and was correlated with the extent of fusion gene knockdown. The growth inhibition was associated with marked inhibition of angiogenesis and, to a lesser degree, proliferation and a marked increase in apoptosis of tumor cells. No toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the T/E fusion junction in vivo with specific siRNAs delivered via liposomal nanovectors is a promising therapy for men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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