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Zhou M, Na R, Lai S, Guo Y, Shi J, Nie J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zheng T. The present roles and future perspectives of Interleukin-6 in biliary tract cancer. Cytokine 2023; 169:156271. [PMID: 37331095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a highly malignant tumor that originates from bile duct epithelium and is categorized into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA), distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) according to the anatomic location. Inflammatory cytokines generated by chronic infection led to an inflammatory microenvironment which influences the carcinogenesis of BTC. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine secreted by kupffer cells, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells, plays a central role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis in BTC. Besides, IL-6 serves as a clinical biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring for BTC. Moreover, preclinical evidence indicates that IL-6 antibodies could sensitize tumor immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) by altering the number of infiltrating immune cells and regulating the expression of immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, IL-6 has been shown to induce programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression through the mTOR pathway in iCCA. However, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that IL-6 antibodies could boost the immune responses and potentially overcome the resistance to ICIs for BTC. Here, we systematically review the central role of IL-6 in BTC and summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the improved efficacy of treatments combining IL-6 antibodies with ICIs in tumors. Given this, a future direction is proposed for BTC to increase ICIs sensitivity by blocking IL-6 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruisi Na
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shihui Lai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Phase 1 Trials Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Phase 1 Trials Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Ahmed H, Mahmud AR, Siddiquee MFR, Shahriar A, Biswas P, Shimul MEK, Ahmed SZ, Ema TI, Rahman N, Khan MA, Mizan MFR, Emran TB. Role of T cells in cancer immunotherapy: Opportunities and challenges. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:116-126. [PMID: 38328405 PMCID: PMC10846312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies boosting the immune system's ability to target cancer cells are promising for the treatment of various tumor types, yet clinical responses differ among patients and cancers. Recently, there has been increasing interest in novel cancer immunotherapy practices aimed at triggering T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. Antigen-directed cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes has become a central focal point in the battle against cancer utilizing the immune system. The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the actions of T lymphocytes have directed new therapeutic approaches in cancer immunotherapy, including checkpoint blockade, adoptive and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, and cancer vaccinology. This review addresses all the strategies targeting tumor pathogenesis, including metabolic pathways, to evaluate the clinical significance of current and future immunotherapies for patients with cancer, which are further engaged in T cell activation, differentiation, and response against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative (UODA), 4/4B, Block A, Lalmatia, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | | | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ebrahim Khalil Shimul
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzila Ismail Ema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nova Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative (UODA), 4/4B, Block A, Lalmatia, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Gaißler A, Meldgaard TS, Heeke C, Babaei S, Tvingsholm SA, Bochem J, Spreuer J, Amaral T, Wagner NB, Klein R, Meier F, Garbe C, Eigentler TK, Pawelec G, Claassen M, Weide B, Hadrup SR, Wistuba-Hamprecht K. Dynamics of Melanoma-Associated Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Blood Correlate With Clinical Outcome Under PD-1 Blockade. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906352. [PMID: 35874702 PMCID: PMC9300827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is standard-of-care for patients with metastatic melanoma. It may re-invigorate T cells recognizing tumors, and several tumor antigens have been identified as potential targets. However, little is known about the dynamics of tumor antigen-specific T cells in the circulation, which might provide valuable information on ICB responses in a minimally invasive manner. Here, we investigated individual signatures composed of up to 167 different melanoma-associated epitope (MAE)-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood of stage IV melanoma patients before and during anti-PD-1 treatment, using a peptide-loaded multimer-based high-throughput approach. Additionally, checkpoint receptor expression patterns on T cell subsets and frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Regression analysis using the MAE-specific CD8+ T cell populations was applied to identify those that correlated with overall survival (OS). The abundance of MAE-specific CD8+ T cell populations, as well as their dynamics under therapy, varied between patients. Those with a dominant increase of these T cell populations during PD-1 ICB had a longer OS and progression-free survival than those with decreasing or balanced signatures. Patients with a dominantly increased MAE-specific CD8+ T cell signature also exhibited an increase in TIM-3+ and LAG-3+ T cells. From these results, we created a model predicting improved/reduced OS by combining data on dynamics of the three most informative MAE-specific CD8+ T cell populations. Our results provide insights into the dynamics of circulating MAE-specific CD8+ T cell populations during ICB, and should contribute to a better understanding of biomarkers of response and anti-cancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaißler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Trine Sundebo Meldgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) HEALTH TECH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Heeke
- Department of Health Technology, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) HEALTH TECH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sepideh Babaei
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Siri Amanda Tvingsholm
- Department of Health Technology, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) HEALTH TECH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bochem
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janine Spreuer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster (EXC) 2180, “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies” (iFIT), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Benjamin Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Reinhild Klein
- Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Centre and National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas K. Eigentler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) HEALTH TECH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht,
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Impact of Lipid Metabolism on Antitumor Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071850. [PMID: 35406621 PMCID: PMC8997602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the causes of failure of anticancer therapies is the reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Cells of innate and adaptive immunity present in the tumor microenvironment can be affected by this metabolic switch and thus present changes in their anti- or protumor phenotype. In this review, modifications induced by lipid metabolism will be described for innate immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and MDSCs, and also for adaptive immune cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B cells. Finally, antitumor therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism will be presented. Abstract Over the past decade, metabolic reprogramming has been defined as a hallmark of cancer. More recently, a large number of studies have demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming can modulate the differentiation and functions of immune cells, and thus modify the antitumor response. Increasing evidence suggests that modified energy metabolism could be responsible for the failure of antitumor immunity. Indeed, tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role in cancer, and metabolic switching in these cells has been shown to help determine their phenotype: tumor suppressive or immune suppressive. Recent studies in the field of immunometabolism focus on metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by targeting innate and adaptive immune cells and their associated anti- or protumor phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the lipid metabolism of immune cells in the TME as well as the effects of lipids; finally, we expose the link between therapies and lipid metabolism.
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Bochem J, Zelba H, Spreuer J, Amaral T, Wagner NB, Gaissler A, Pop OT, Thiel K, Yurttas C, Soffel D, Forchhammer S, Sinnberg T, Niessner H, Meier F, Terheyden P, Königsrainer A, Garbe C, Flatz L, Pawelec G, Eigentler TK, Löffler MW, Weide B, Wistuba-Hamprecht K. Early disappearance of tumor antigen-reactive T cells from peripheral blood correlates with superior clinical outcomes in melanoma under anti-PD-1 therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003439. [PMID: 34933966 PMCID: PMC8693089 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies are now routinely administered for metastatic melanoma and for increasing numbers of other cancers, but still only a fraction of patients respond. Better understanding of the modes of action and predictive biomarkers for clinical outcome is urgently required. Cancer rejection is mostly T cell-mediated. We previously showed that the presence of NY-ESO-1-reactive and/or Melan-A-reactive T cells in the blood correlated with prolonged overall survival (OS) of patients with melanoma with a heterogeneous treatment background. Here, we investigated whether such reactive T cells can also be informative for clinical outcomes in metastatic melanoma under PD-1 immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB). Methods Peripheral blood T cell stimulation by NY-ESO-1 and Melan-A overlapping peptide libraries was assessed before and during ICB in two independent cohorts of a total of 111 patients with stage IV melanoma. In certain cases, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes could also be assessed for such responses. These were characterized using intracellular cytokine staining for interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor negrosis factor (TNF) and CD107a. Digital pathology analysis was performed to quantify NY-ESO-1 and Melan-A expression by tumors. Endpoints were OS and progression-free survival (PFS). Results The initial presence in the circulation of NY-ESO-1- or Melan-A-reactive T cells which became no longer detectable during ICB correlated with validated, prolonged PFS (HR:0.1; p>0.0001) and OS (HR:0.2; p=0.021). An evaluation of melanoma tissue from selected cases suggested a correlation between tumor-resident NY-ESO-1- and Melan-A-reactive T cells and disease control, supporting the notion of a therapy-associated sequestration of cells from the periphery to the tumor predominantly in those patients benefitting from ICB. Conclusions Our findings suggest a PD-1 blockade-dependent infiltration of melanoma-reactive T cells from the periphery into the tumor and imply that this seminally contributes to effective treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- MART-1 Antigen/immunology
- MART-1 Antigen/metabolism
- Male
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/mortality
- Melanoma/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bochem
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henning Zelba
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janine Spreuer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus B Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gaissler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oltin T Pop
- Institute for Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Karolin Thiel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Can Yurttas
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Soffel
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Centre and National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Markus W Löffler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
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Pawelec G, McElhaney J. Improving seasonal influenza vaccination for older adults. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 33712004 PMCID: PMC7952500 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Janet McElhaney
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Richardson JR, Schöllhorn A, Gouttefangeas C, Schuhmacher J. CD4+ T Cells: Multitasking Cells in the Duty of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:596. [PMID: 33546283 PMCID: PMC7913359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy activates the immune system to specifically target malignant cells. Research has often focused on CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, as those have the capacity to eliminate tumor cells after specific recognition upon TCR-MHC class I interaction. However, CD4+ T cells have gained attention in the field, as they are not only essential to promote help to CD8+ T cells, but are also able to kill tumor cells directly (via MHC-class II dependent recognition) or indirectly (e.g., via the activation of other immune cells like macrophages). Therefore, immunotherapy approaches have shifted from only stimulating CD8+ T cells to targeting and assessing both, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Here, we discuss the various subsets of CD4+ T cells, their plasticity and functionality, their relevance in the antitumor immune response in patients affected by cancer, and their ever-growing role in therapeutic approaches for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Richardson
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.R.R.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Schöllhorn
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.R.R.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.R.R.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Schuhmacher
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.R.R.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Accogli T, Bruchard M, Végran F. Modulation of CD4 T Cell Response According to Tumor Cytokine Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030373. [PMID: 33498483 PMCID: PMC7864169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of knowledge on tumor biology over the past decades has demonstrated a close link between tumor cells and cells of the immune system. In this context, cytokines have a major role because they act as intermediaries in the communication into the tumor bed. Cytokines play an important role in the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, they participate in the differentiation of CD4 T lymphocytes. These cells play essential functions in the anti-tumor immune response but can also be corrupted by tumors. The differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells depends on the cytokine environment in which they are activated. Additionally, at the tumor site, their activity can also be modulated according to the cytokines of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, polarized CD4 T lymphocytes can see their phenotype evolve, demonstrating functional plasticity. Knowledge of the impact of these cytokines on the functions of CD4 T cells is currently a source of innovation, for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we discuss the impact of the major cytokines present in tumors on CD4 T cells. In addition, we summarize the main therapeutic strategies that can modulate the CD4 response through their impact on cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Accogli
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie Bruchard
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (T.A.); (M.B.)
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, Dijon 21000, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jurisic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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10
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Spehner L, Kim S, Vienot A, François E, Buecher B, Adotevi O, Vernerey D, Abdeljaoued S, Meurisse A, Borg C. Anti-Telomerase CD4 + Th1 Immunity and Monocytic-Myeloid-Derived-Suppressor Cells Are Associated with Long-Term Efficacy Achieved by Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (DCF) in Advanced Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Translational Study of Epitopes-HPV01 and 02 Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186838. [PMID: 32957741 PMCID: PMC7554943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy regimen is highly effective in advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA), as demonstrated by the Epitopes-HPV02 study results. Here, we analyzed the impact of DCF regimen and the prognostic value of adaptive immune responses and immunosuppressive cells in SCCA patients included in two prospective studies (Epitopes-HPV01 and HPV02). The presence of T-cell responses against Human papillomavirus (HPV)16-E6/E7 and anti-telomerase (hTERT)-antigens was measured by IFNᵧ-ELISpot. Here, we showed that HPV-adaptive immune responses are increased in SCCA patients. SCCA patients also displayed enhanced circulating TH1 T-cells restricted by hTERT. Exposition to DCF increased hTERT immunity but not HPV or common viruses immune responses. Notably, the correlation of hTERT immune responses with SCCA patients’ clinical outcomes highlights that hTERT is a relevant antigen in this HPV-related disease. The influence of peripheral immunosuppressive cells was investigated by flow cytometry. While both regulatory T-cells and monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressive cells (M-MDSC) accumulated in the peripheral blood of SCCA patients, only high levels of M-MDSC were negatively correlated with hTERT adaptive immune responses and predicted poor prognosis. Altogether, our results reveal that hTERT is a relevant antigen in HPV-driven SCCA disease and that M-MDSC levels influence TH1-adaptive immune responses and patients’ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Spehner
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (L.S.); (S.K.); (A.V.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Stefano Kim
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (L.S.); (S.K.); (A.V.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, North Franche-Comté Hospital, F-25200 Montbéliard, France
- Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; (D.V.); (A.M.)
- Oncology Multidisciplinary Group (GERCOR), F-75011 Paris, France
- French Federation of Digestive Cancerology (FFCD), F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Vienot
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (L.S.); (S.K.); (A.V.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; (D.V.); (A.M.)
- Oncology Multidisciplinary Group (GERCOR), F-75011 Paris, France
- French Federation of Digestive Cancerology (FFCD), F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Eric François
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoine-Lacassagne Center, F-06100 Nice, France;
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Curie Institute, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Olivier Adotevi
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (L.S.); (S.K.); (A.V.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, North Franche-Comté Hospital, F-25200 Montbéliard, France
- Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; (D.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Dewi Vernerey
- Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; (D.V.); (A.M.)
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Syrine Abdeljaoued
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (L.S.); (S.K.); (A.V.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; (D.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Aurélia Meurisse
- Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; (D.V.); (A.M.)
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France; (L.S.); (S.K.); (A.V.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, North Franche-Comté Hospital, F-25200 Montbéliard, France
- Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; (D.V.); (A.M.)
- Oncology Multidisciplinary Group (GERCOR), F-75011 Paris, France
- French Federation of Digestive Cancerology (FFCD), F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +333-81-47-99-99
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11
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Gouttefangeas C, Weide B, Pawelec G. Immune Signatures and Survival of Patients With Metastatic Melanoma, Renal Cancer, and Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1152. [PMID: 32582215 PMCID: PMC7296133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable recent progress in treating solid cancers, especially the success of immunomodulatory antibody therapies for numerous different cancer types, it remains the case that many patients fail to respond to treatment. It is therefore of immense importance to identify biomarkers predicting clinical responses to treatment and patient survival, which would not only assist in targeting treatments to patients most likely to benefit, but might also provide mechanistic insights into the reasons for success or failure of the therapy. Several peripheral blood or tumor tissue diagnostic and predictive biomarkers known to be informative for cancer patient survival may be applicable for this purpose. The use of peripheral blood (“liquid biopsy”) offers numerous advantages not only for predicting treatment responses at baseline but also for monitoring patients on-therapy. Assessment of the tumor microenvironment and infiltrating immune cells also delivers important information on cancer-host interactions but the requirement for tumor tissues makes this more challenging, especially for monitoring sequential changes in the individual patient. In this contribution, we will review our findings on immune signatures potentially informative for clinical outcome in melanoma, breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma, particularly the outcome of checkpoint blockade, by applying multiparametric flow cytometry and mass cytometry, routine clinical monitoring and functional testing for predicting and following individual patient responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Immunoguiding Workgroup of the Cancer Immunotherapy Association (CIP/CIMT), Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Immunoguiding Workgroup of the Cancer Immunotherapy Association (CIP/CIMT), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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12
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Kuen DS, Kim BS, Chung Y. IL-17-Producing Cells in Tumor Immunity: Friends or Foes? Immune Netw 2020; 20:e6. [PMID: 32158594 PMCID: PMC7049578 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17 is produced by RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt)-expressing cells including Th17 cells, subsets of γδT cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The biological significance of IL-17-producing cells is well-studied in contexts of inflammation, autoimmunity and host defense against infection. While most of available studies in tumor immunity mainly focused on the role of T-bet-expressing cells, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and their exhaustion status, the role of IL-17-producing cells remains poorly understood. While IL-17-producing T-cells were shown to be anti-tumorigenic in adoptive T-cell therapy settings, mice deficient in type 17 genes suggest a protumorigenic potential of IL-17-producing cells. This review discusses the features of IL-17-producing cells, of both lymphocytic and myeloid origins, as well as their suggested pro- and/or anti-tumorigenic functions in an organ-dependent context. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting these cells in the tumor microenvironment will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kuen
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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13
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Lafrenie RM, Speigl L, Buckner CA, Pawelec G, Conlon MS, Shipp C. Frequency of Immune Cell Subtypes in Peripheral Blood Correlates With Outcome for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With High-Dose Chemotherapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:433-442. [PMID: 31383605 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of circulating leukocytes has been shown to be a prognostic factor in patients being treated for different types of cancer. In breast cancer, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes may predict patient outcome, but few studies have investigated such associations for circulating leukocytes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to examine the immunophenotypes of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 88 patients with metastatic breast cancer, which was then correlated to breast cancer-specific survival. Patients had been treated either with high-dose cyclophosphamide-containing regimens (group 1, n = 51 patients) or high-dose paclitaxel-containing regimens (group 2, n = 37 patients). RESULTS The frequency of peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes indicated prognosis for patients in group 1 (but not group 2), while higher levels of CD11c+ dendritic cells indicated a better prognosis for patients in group 2 (but not group 1). The frequency of a number of different CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subtypes also predicted prognosis for patients in group 2. For example, patients in group 2 with a higher frequency of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ naive T cells (CD45RA+CD95-CD27+CD28+) showed a poorer prognosis. In contrast, T cells were not associated with prognosis for patients in group 1. CONCLUSION Circulating leukocytes can predict clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer. Prediction of clinical outcome in this cohort of metastatic breast cancer patients was specific to the type of chemotherapy, and this finding is likely to apply to other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Lafrenie
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lisa Speigl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carly A Buckner
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael S Conlon
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Shipp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Zelba H, Bochem J, Pawelec G, Garbe C, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Weide B. Accurate quantification of T-cells expressing PD-1 in patients on anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1845-1851. [PMID: 30218171 PMCID: PMC11028387 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of trials employing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy emphasize the requirement for predictive biomarkers of clinical response. Many studies examine the cell surface expression of PD-1 and other key regulators of T-cell activation and inhibition. Here, we compared common commercially available anti-PD-1 diagnostic antibodies and tested whether they can bind the PD-1 receptor in the presence of the therapeutic antagonists pembrolizumab and nivolumab. We observed that currently no antibodies are available that can reliably stain all PD-1 receptors on T-cells from patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Furthermore, none of the diagnostic antibodies detected the entire population of PD-1+ T-cells relative to indirect staining using the therapeutic antibodies themselves. To overcome this problem, here we present a reliable method for quantifying PD-1 expression on immune cells from treated patients which can be included in any conventional flow or mass cytometry antibody panel used for patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Zelba
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Bochem
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
- Health Sciences North Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Tsukamoto H, Fujieda K, Miyashita A, Fukushima S, Ikeda T, Kubo Y, Senju S, Ihn H, Nishimura Y, Oshiumi H. Combined Blockade of IL6 and PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Abrogates Mutual Regulation of Their Immunosuppressive Effects in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5011-5022. [PMID: 29967259 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently emerging cancer immunotherapies combine the applications of therapeutics to disrupt the immunosuppressive conditions in tumor-bearing hosts. In this study, we found that targeting the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 enhances tumor-specific Th1 responses and subsequent antitumor effects in tumor-bearing mice. IL6 blockade upregulated expression of the immune checkpoint molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on melanoma cells. This PD-L1 induction was canceled in IFNγ-deficient mice or CD4+ T cell-depleted mice, suggesting that CD4+ T cell-derived IFNγ is important for PD-L1 induction in tumor-bearing hosts. In some patients with melanoma, however, treatment with the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab increased systemic levels of IL6, which was associated with poor clinical responses. This PD-L1 blockade-evoked induction of IL6 was reproducible in melanoma-bearing mice. We found that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade prompted PD-1+ macrophages to produce IL6 in the tumor microenvironment. Depletion of macrophages in melanoma-bearing mice reduced the levels of IL6 during PD-L1 blockade, suggesting macrophages are responsible for the IL6-mediated defective CD4+ Th1 response. Combined blockade of the mutually regulated immunosuppressive activities of IL6 and PD-1/PD-L1 signals enhanced expression of T cell-attracting chemokines and promoted infiltration of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells in tumor tissues, exerting a synergistic antitumor effect, whereas PD-L1 blockade alone did not promote Th1 response. Collectively, these findings suggest that IL6 is a rational immunosuppressive target for overcoming the narrow therapeutic window of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.Significance: These findings advance our understanding of IL6-PD1/PD-L1 cross-talk in the tumor microenvironment and provide clues for targeted interventional therapy that may prove more effective against cancer. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5011-22. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Fujieda
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Azusa Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Investigation, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kubo
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Investigation, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Nishimura Project Laboratory, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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16
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Correale P, Botta C, Staropoli N, Nardone V, Pastina P, Ulivieri C, Gandolfo C, Baldari TC, Lazzi S, Ciliberto D, Giannicola R, Fioravanti A, Giordano A, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M, Tassone P, Pirtoli L, Cusi MG, Tagliaferri P. Systemic inflammatory status predict the outcome of k-RAS WT metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving the thymidylate synthase poly-epitope-peptide anticancer vaccine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20539-20554. [PMID: 29755670 PMCID: PMC5945541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TSPP is an anticancer poly-epitope peptide vaccine to thymidylate synthase, recently investigated in the multi-arm phase Ib TSPP/VAC1 trial. TSPP vaccination induced immune-biological effects and showed antitumor activity in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients and other malignancies. Progression-free and overall survival of 41 mCRC patients enrolled in the study correlated with baseline levels of CEA, immune-inflammatory markers (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, CRP, ESR, LDH, ENA), IL-4 and with post-treatment change in p-ANCA and CD56dimCD16brightNKs (p < 0.04). A subset of 19 patients with activating k-ras mutations showed a different immune-inflammatory response to TSPP as compared to patients with k-ras/wt and a worse outcome in term of PFS (p = 0.048). In patients with k-ras/mut, inflammatory markers lost their predictive value and their survival directly correlated with the baseline levels of IL17/A over the median value (p = 0.01). These results provide strong hints for the design of further clinical trials aimed to test TSPP vaccination in mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Correale
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Grand Metropolitan Hospital Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio-Calabria, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Medical Oncology Unit, AUO Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Staropoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Department of Surgery, Medicine and Neurological Science, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pastina
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Department of Surgery, Medicine and Neurological Science, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Lazzi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Surgery, Medicine and Neurological Science, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciliberto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Giannicola
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Grand Metropolitan Hospital Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio-Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunologic Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biotechnology, Temple University, Sbarro Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biotechnology, Temple University, Sbarro Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Medical Oncology Unit, AUO Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Department of Surgery, Medicine and Neurological Science, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Jobe NP, Živicová V, Mifková A, Rösel D, Dvořánková B, Kodet O, Strnad H, Kolář M, Šedo A, Smetana K, Strnadová K, Brábek J, Lacina L. Fibroblasts potentiate melanoma cells in vitro invasiveness induced by UV-irradiated keratinocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:503-516. [PMID: 29435761 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents a malignant disease with steadily increasing incidence. UV-irradiation is a recognized key factor in melanoma initiation. Therefore, the efficient prevention of UV tissue damage bears a critical potential for melanoma prevention. In this study, we tested the effect of UV irradiation of normal keratinocytes and their consequent interaction with normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts isolated from melanoma, respectively. Using this model of UV influenced microenvironment, we measured melanoma cell migration in 3-D collagen gels. These interactions were studied using DNA microarray technology, immunofluorescence staining, single cell electrophoresis assay, viability (dead/life) cell detection methods, and migration analysis. We observed that three 10 mJ/cm2 fractions at equal intervals over 72 h applied on keratinocytes lead to a 50% increase (p < 0.05) in in vitro invasion of melanoma cells. The introduction cancer-associated fibroblasts to such model further significantly stimulated melanoma cells in vitro invasiveness to a higher extent than normal fibroblasts. A panel of candidate gene products responsible for facilitation of melanoma cells invasion was defined with emphasis on IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-1. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a synergistic effect between cancer microenvironment and UV irradiation in melanoma invasiveness under in vitro condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njainday Pulo Jobe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 21421, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Veronika Živicová
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 5, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Mifková
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 5, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Dvořánková
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kodet
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Dermatovenereology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Šedo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Strnadová
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,Department of Dermatovenereology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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18
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Pawelec G. Immune correlates of clinical outcome in melanoma. Immunology 2017; 153:415-422. [PMID: 29164593 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma has long been recognized as a potentially immunogenic tumour, but only recently has it become clear that the reason for this resides in its many ultraviolet (UV)-induced mutations and expression of multiple autoantigens which can be targeted by the immune system. The first successful applications of immune-based treatments included passive immunotherapy using high-dose interleukin (IL)-2 and/or adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK)-cells, as well as active immunotherapy using whole cell-derived or peptide vaccines. In the intervening decades, it has become clear that these approaches can lead to durable responses in stage III/IV melanoma, and even to functional cures - but only in a vanishingly small fraction of patients. With the advent of immune checkpoint blockade first with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte 4 (CTLA-4), then with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies, and combinations thereof, the small percentage of responding patients may be increased to half, a major accomplishment in this refractory disease. Improved techniques for identifying mutation-derived neoantigens and thus more sophisticated active immunotherapies, probably combined with checkpoint blockade, currently hold great promise for further increasing the fraction of responding patients. As additional immunomodulatory antibodies and therapies become available, it will be increasingly important to develop diagnostic tools to determine which particular therapy is likely to elicit the best response for the individual patient. Practically speaking, therapy selection and efficacy monitoring on the basis of the results of a blood test would be most desirable. The purpose of this review is to consider the feasibility of identifying 'immune signatures' for predicting responses and determining mechanisms responsible for success or failure of these immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tuebingen Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Tuebingen, Germany.,Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK.,John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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19
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Kupcova Skalnikova H, Cizkova J, Cervenka J, Vodicka P. Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2697. [PMID: 29236046 PMCID: PMC5751298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer with permanently increasing incidence and resistance to therapies in advanced stages. Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. Cytokines are key factors regulating immune response and intercellular communication in tumour microenvironment. Cytokines may be used in therapy of melanoma to modulate immune response. Cytokines also possess diagnostic and prognostic potential and cytokine production may reflect effects of immunotherapies. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent advances in proteomic techniques for the detection and quantification of cytokines in melanoma research. Approaches covered span from mass spectrometry to immunoassays for single molecule detection (ELISA, western blot), multiplex assays (chemiluminescent, bead-based (Luminex) and planar antibody arrays), ultrasensitive techniques (Singulex, Simoa, immuno-PCR, proximity ligation/extension assay, immunomagnetic reduction assay), to analyses of single cells producing cytokines (ELISpot, flow cytometry, mass cytometry and emerging techniques for single cell secretomics). Although this review is focused mainly on cancer and particularly melanoma, the discussed techniques are in general applicable to broad research field of biology and medicine, including stem cells, development, aging, immunology and intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Cervenka
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12843 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
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20
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Tsukamoto H, Fujieda K, Senju S, Ikeda T, Oshiumi H, Nishimura Y. Immune-suppressive effects of interleukin-6 on T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:523-530. [PMID: 29090850 PMCID: PMC5834784 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accompanied by the growing clinical applications of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients, development of novel therapeutic approaches to reverse the immune-suppressive environment in cancer patients is eagerly anticipated, because the success of cancer immunotherapy is currently limited by immune-suppressive effects in tumor-bearing hosts. Interleukin (IL)-6, a pleotropic proinflammatory cytokine, participates in tumor cell-autonomous processes that are required for their survival and growth, and is therefore known as a poor prognostic factor in cancer patients. In addition, an emerging role of IL-6 in modulating multiple functions of immune cells including T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages is responsible for the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immunity against tumors. Therefore, the IL-6-targeting approach is of value as a promising strategy for desensitization and prevention of immune-suppressive effects, and should be an effective treatment when combined with current immunotherapies. The aim of the present review is to discuss the immune-suppressive aspects of IL-6, notably with modification of T-cell functions in cancer patients, and their relationship to anti-tumor immune responses and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fujieda
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Nishimura Project Laboratory, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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21
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Tsukamoto H, Fujieda K, Senju S, Ikeda T, Oshiumi H, Nishimura Y. Immune-suppressive effects of interleukin-6 on T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Sci 2017. [PMID: 29090850 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13433.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accompanied by the growing clinical applications of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients, development of novel therapeutic approaches to reverse the immune-suppressive environment in cancer patients is eagerly anticipated, because the success of cancer immunotherapy is currently limited by immune-suppressive effects in tumor-bearing hosts. Interleukin (IL)-6, a pleotropic proinflammatory cytokine, participates in tumor cell-autonomous processes that are required for their survival and growth, and is therefore known as a poor prognostic factor in cancer patients. In addition, an emerging role of IL-6 in modulating multiple functions of immune cells including T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages is responsible for the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immunity against tumors. Therefore, the IL-6-targeting approach is of value as a promising strategy for desensitization and prevention of immune-suppressive effects, and should be an effective treatment when combined with current immunotherapies. The aim of the present review is to discuss the immune-suppressive aspects of IL-6, notably with modification of T-cell functions in cancer patients, and their relationship to anti-tumor immune responses and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fujieda
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Nishimura Project Laboratory, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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22
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Borchers S, Maβlo C, Müller CA, Tahedl A, Volkind J, Nowak Y, Umansky V, Esterlechner J, Frank MH, Ganss C, Kluth MA, Utikal J. Detection of ABCB5 tumour antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in melanoma patients and implications for immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 191:74-83. [PMID: 28940439 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) has been identified as a tumour-initiating cell marker and is expressed in various malignancies, including melanoma. Moreover, treatment with anti-ABCB5 monoclonal antibodies has been shown to inhibit tumour growth in xenotransplantation models. Therefore, ABCB5 represents a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. However, cellular immune responses against ABCB5 in humans have not been described so far. Here, we investigated whether ABCB5-reactive T cells are present in human melanoma patients and tested the applicability of ABCB5-derived peptides for experimental induction of human T cell responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) isolated from blood samples of melanoma patients (n = 40) were stimulated with ABCB5 peptides, followed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. To evaluate immunogenicity of ABCB5 peptides in naive healthy donors, CD8 T cells were co-cultured with ABCB5 antigen-loaded autologous dendritic cells (DC). ABCB5 reactivity in expanded T cells was assessed similarly by ICS. ABCB5-reactive CD8+ T cells were detected ex vivo in 19 of 29 patients, melanoma antigen recognised by T cells (MART-1)-reactive CD8+ T cells in six of 21 patients. In this small, heterogeneous cohort, reactivity against ABCB5 was significantly higher than against MART-1. It occurred significantly more often and independently of clinical characteristics. Reactivity against ABCB5 could be induced in 14 of 16 healthy donors in vitro by repeated stimulation with peptide-loaded autologous DC. As ABCB5-reactive CD8 T cells can be found in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients and an ABCB5-specific response can be induced in vitro in naive donors, ABCB5 could be a new target for immunotherapies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Borchers
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Maβlo
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A Tahedl
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Y Nowak
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - M H Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Ganss
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany.,TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M A Kluth
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany.,TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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23
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Does Regular Exercise Counter T Cell Immunosenescence Reducing the Risk of Developing Cancer and Promoting Successful Treatment of Malignancies? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4234765. [PMID: 28751932 PMCID: PMC5511671 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4234765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training or regular physical activity is beneficial for immune function. For example, some evidence shows that individuals with an active lifestyle exhibit stronger immune responses to vaccination compared to those who are inactive. Encouragingly, poor vaccine responses, which are characteristic of an ageing immune system, can be improved by single or repeated bouts of exercise. In addition, exercise-induced lymphocytosis, and the subsequent lymphocytopenia, is thought to facilitate immune surveillance, whereby lymphocytes search tissues for antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, or malignant transformation. Aerobic exercise training is anti-inflammatory and is linked to lower morbidity and mortality from diseases with infectious, immunological, and inflammatory aetiologies, including cancer. These observations have led to the view that aerobic exercise training might counter the age-associated decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence. This article summarises the aspects of immune function that are sensitive to exercise-induced change, highlighting the observations which have stimulated the idea that aerobic exercise training could prevent, limit, or delay immunosenescence, perhaps even restoring aged immune profiles. These potential exercise-induced anti-immunosenescence effects might contribute to the mechanisms by which active lifestyles reduce the risk of developing cancer and perhaps benefit patients undergoing cancer therapy.
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24
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Tsukamoto H, Fujieda K, Hirayama M, Ikeda T, Yuno A, Matsumura K, Fukuma D, Araki K, Mizuta H, Nakayama H, Senju S, Nishimura Y. Soluble IL6R Expressed by Myeloid Cells Reduces Tumor-Specific Th1 Differentiation and Drives Tumor Progression. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2279-2291. [PMID: 28235765 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IL6 produced by tumor cells promotes their survival, conferring a poor prognosis in patients with cancer. IL6 also contributes to immunosuppression of CD4+ T cell-mediated antitumor effects. In this study, we focused on the impact of IL6 trans-signaling mediated by soluble IL6 receptors (sIL6R) expressed in tumor-bearing hosts. Higher levels of sIL6R circulating in blood were observed in tumor-bearing mice, whereas the systemic increase of sIL6R was not prominent in tumor-bearing mice with myeloid cell-specific conditional deletion of IL6R even when tumor cells produced sIL6R. Abundant sIL6R was released by CD11b+ cells from tumor-bearing mice but not tumor-free mice. Notably, IL6-mediated defects in Th1 differentiation, T-cell helper activity for tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and downstream antitumor effects were rescued by myeloid-specific deletion of sIL6R. Expression of the T-cell transcription factor c-Maf was upregulated in CD4+ T cells primed in tumor-bearing mice in an IL6-dependent manner. Investigations with c-Maf loss-of-function T cells revealed that c-Maf activity was responsible for IL6/sIL6R-induced Th1 suppression and defective T-cell-mediated antitumor responses. In patients with cancer, myeloid cell-derived sIL6R was also possibly associated with Th1 suppression and c-Maf expression. Our results argued that increased expression of sIL6R from myeloid cells and subsequent c-Maf induction were adverse events for counteracting tumor-specific Th1 generation. Overall, this work provides a mechanistic rationale for sIL6R targeting to improve the efficacy of T-cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2279-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Koji Fujieda
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yuno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsumura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.
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25
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Martens A, Weide B, Teng KWW, Zelba H, Guffart E, Chen J, Garbe C, Newell EW, Larbi A, Pawelec G. Establishing High Dimensional Immune Signatures from Peripheral Blood via Mass Cytometry in a Discovery Cohort of Stage IV Melanoma Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:927-936. [PMID: 27986910 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The identification of blood-borne biomarkers correlating with melanoma patient survival remains elusive. Novel techniques such as mass cytometry could help to identify melanoma biomarkers, allowing simultaneous detection of up to 100 parameters. However, the evaluation of multiparametric data generated via time-of-flight mass cytometry requires novel analytical techniques because the application of conventional gating strategies currently used in polychromatic flow cytometry is not feasible. In this study, we have employed 38-channel time-of-flight mass cytometry analysis to generate comprehensive immune cell signatures using matrix boolean analysis in a cohort of 28 stage IV melanoma patients and 17 controls. Clusters of parameters were constructed from the abundance of cellular phenotypes significantly different between patients and controls. This approach identified patient-specific combinatorial immune signatures consisting of high-resolution subsets of the T cell, NK cell, B cell, and myeloid compartments. An association with superior survival was characterized by a balanced distribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like and APC-like myeloid phenotypes and differentiated NK cells. The results of this study in a discovery cohort of melanoma patients suggest that multifactorial immune signatures have the potential to allow more accurate prediction of individual patient outcome. Further investigation of the identified immune signatures in a validation cohort is now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karen Wei Weng Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138648 Singapore
| | - Henning Zelba
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Guffart
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138648 Singapore
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evan William Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138648 Singapore;
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138648 Singapore;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, 72072 Tübingen, Germany; .,John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom; and.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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26
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Perspectives in immunotherapy: meeting report from the “Immunotherapy Bridge”, Napoli, December 5th 2015. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMCID: PMC5067891 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system and preventing immune escape, the immunotherapy of cancer provides great potential for clinical application, in broad patient populations, achieving both conventional and unconventional clinical responses. After the substantial advances in melanoma, the focus of cancer immunotherapy has expanded to include many other cancers. Targeting immune checkpoints and further mechanisms used by tumors to avoid anticancer immunity, different approaches are under evaluation, including combination therapies. The first Immunotherapy Bridge meeting focused on various cancer types including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell, breast and ovarian carcinoma, and discussed mechanisms of action of single agents and combination strategies, and the prediction of clinical responses.
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27
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Wieder T, Brenner E, Braumüller H, Röcken M. Immunotherapy of melanoma: efficacy and mode of action. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:28-37. [PMID: 26713633 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Forty years of research have brought about the development of antibodies that induce effective antitumor immune responses through sustained activation of the immune system. These "immune checkpoint inhibitors" are directed against immune inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Disruption of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction improves the intermediate-term prognosis even in patients with advanced stage IV melanoma. One and a half years after treatment initiation, 30-60 % of these patients are still alive. While cancer immunotherapies usually do not eradicate metastases completely, they do cause a regression by 20-80 %. It is well established that the immune system is able to kill tumor cells, and this has also been demonstrated for immunotherapies. Preclinical data, however, has shown that anti-cancer immunity is not limited to killing cancer cells. Thus, through interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor, the immune system is able to induce stable tumor growth arrest, referred to as senescence. Ensuring patient survival by long-term stabilization of metastatic growth will therefore become a central goal of antitumor immunotherapies. This therapeutic approach is effective in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Once immunotherapies also have an indication for common cancer types, drug prices will have to drop considerably in order to be able to keep them available to those dependent on such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieder
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Brenner
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heidi Braumüller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Kini Bailur J, Gueckel B, Pawelec G. Prognostic impact of high levels of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2016; 14:151. [PMID: 27234566 PMCID: PMC4884426 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying immune markers in blood that are informative for breast cancer patient survival would not only be useful for prognosis but might also provide mechanistic insights into processes facilitating survival. Methods We phenotyped circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T-cells in relation to T-cell responses to Her-2 in vitro in 75 untreated breast cancer patients 28–87 years of age at diagnosis. Results Patients with later stage tumors had lower levels of circulating pDCs (p = 0.008). There was a positive association between 5-year survival and higher than median levels of circulating pDCs (p = 0.03). We confirmed that 5-year survival correlated with CD8+ but not CD4+ T-cell responsiveness to Her-2 peptides in this cohort of younger and older patients (p = 0.04). Including pDCs in the analysis of previously-established parameters revealed that patients who had a CD8+ T-cell response to Her-2 together with a low ratio of MDSCs:pDCs had 100 % 5-year survival. High levels of pDCs and the presence of a CD8+ T-cell response to Her-2 were independent positive survival indicators according to multivariate Cox analysis. Conclusions Our new results suggest that circulating pDCs could be a positive prognostic indicator in breast cancer patients of all ages, together with the previously established CD8+ T-cell reactivity to Her-2 antigens in older patients only. These two prognostic indicators were independent and emphasize the important role of immunity in ensuring breast cancer patient survival, even in those not undergoing immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0905-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Waldhoernlestr. 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany. .,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Brigitte Gueckel
- Radiology Clinic, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Waldhoernlestr. 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany.,School of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Wieder T, Brenner E, Braumüller H, Röcken M. Immuntherapie des Melanoms: Wirksamkeit und Wirkungsmechanismen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.110_12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieder
- Universitätshautklinik; Eberhard Karls Universität; Tübingen
| | - Ellen Brenner
- Universitätshautklinik; Eberhard Karls Universität; Tübingen
| | | | - Martin Röcken
- Universitätshautklinik; Eberhard Karls Universität; Tübingen
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Bailur JK, Derhovanessian E, Gueckel B, Pawelec G. Prognostic impact of circulating Her-2-reactive T-cells producing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines in elderly breast cancer patients. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:45. [PMID: 26500775 PMCID: PMC4617728 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treating elderly breast cancer patients remains a challenge but the increasing availability of immunotherapeutic approaches instills optimism that these tumours may also be susceptible to immune control. Because aging leads to a number of alterations in the immune system (“immunosenescence”) reflecting potential exhaustion which could compromise immunomodulatory antibody therapy, here we have assessed the immunocompetence of elderly breast cancer patients compared with a group of younger patients, and related this to the 5-year survival of the former. Methods T-cell responses to Her-2 peptide pools in vitro were assessed by analyzing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in 40 elderly and 35 younger breast cancer patients. Results The proportions of older and younger patients whose peripheral T-cells responded to Her-2 peptides in vitro were found to be similar, although a significantly higher fraction of younger patients possessed IL-2-producing CD4+ Her-2-reactive T-cells than in the elderly (p = 0.03). However, IL-2 production did not impart a survival benefit to the latter. In contrast, there was a survival benefit of possessing Her-2-reactive CD8+ T-cells, but this was abrogated in patients if they also had CD4+ Her-2-responsive T-cells that producedIL-5 and/or IL-17 (p = 0.01). This resulted in a 5-yr survival rate of only 29 % compared to 76 % for patients whose her-2-reactive CD4+ T-cells did not produceIL-5 and/or IL-17. Additionally, patients whose CD8+ T-cells produced TNF had a significantly better survival than those that did not (93 % compared to 52 %, p = 0.01), whereas no survival benefit was attributable to possessing IFN-γ-producing cells. Conclusions Elderly breast cancer patients appear perfectly immunocompetent to respond to Her-2 peptide pools in vitro, with response patterns very similar to younger patients. The nature of this response is associated with 5-year survival of these elderly patients, suggesting that boosting anti-tumor responses and modulating the nature of the T-cell response is likely to be effective even in potentially immunosenescent elderly breast cancer patients, and might be useful for predicting which patients are most likely to benefit from such treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-015-0090-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; Present Address: Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; Present Address: BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany
| | - Brigitte Gueckel
- Radiology Clinic, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; School of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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31
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Karachaliou N, Pilotto S, Teixidó C, Viteri S, González-Cao M, Riso A, Morales-Espinosa D, Molina MA, Chaib I, Santarpia M, Richardet E, Bria E, Rosell R. Melanoma: oncogenic drivers and the immune system. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:265. [PMID: 26605311 PMCID: PMC4630557 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances and in-depth understanding of the biology of melanoma over the past 30 years have contributed to a change in the consideration of melanoma as one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies. The finding that oncogenic BRAF mutations drive tumor growth in up to 50% of melanomas led to a molecular therapy revolution for unresectable and metastatic disease. Moving beyond BRAF, inactivation of immune regulatory checkpoints that limit T cell responses to melanoma has provided targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular biology of melanoma and we focus on the recent advances of molecularly targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Suzuki A, Leland P, Joshi BH, Puri RK. Targeting of IL-4 and IL-13 receptors for cancer therapy. Cytokine 2015; 75:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Punt S, Langenhoff JM, Putter H, Fleuren GJ, Gorter A, Jordanova ES. The correlations between IL-17 vs. Th17 cells and cancer patient survival: a systematic review. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e984547. [PMID: 25949881 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.984547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both IL-17 and Th17 cells have been ascribed tumor promoting as well as tumor suppressing functions. We reviewed the literature on correlations between IL-17 versus Th17 cells and survival in human cancer, following the PRISMA guidelines. Serum, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and peripheral blood samples were most frequently studied. High IL-17 quantities were correlated with poor prognosis, whereas high Th17 cell frequencies were correlated with improved prognosis. Since Th17 cells are a subpopulation of IL-17+ cells and had a different correlation with prognosis than total IL-17, we substantiate that a distinction should be made between Th17 and other IL-17+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Punt
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - H Putter
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Fleuren
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arko Gorter
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
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Weide B, Di Giacomo AM, Fonsatti E, Zitvogel L. Immunologic correlates in the course of treatment with immunomodulating antibodies. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:448-58. [PMID: 25965363 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (Ab) targeting immune checkpoints like CTLA-4 or PD-1 have come of age in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and further approvals are expected for other malignancies like lung and renal cell cancer as well. However, the majority of patients still do not experience clinical benefit upon these therapies. Moreover, immune-related side effects and the costs of these therapies prompt the search for their precise mode of action and for biomarker discovery. Here, we describe different classes of immunologic correlates such as pharmacodynamic changes observed in all treated patients, correlates with response during treatment (surrogate markers) or at the time-point of tumor assessment, as well as predictive markers for response and for immune-related adverse events. This review gives an overview of available data about correlates analyzed in the serum, all in immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood or in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We will discuss how to prospectively validate and integrate these parameters for routine assessment of patients in daily clinical practice and give an outlook on promising future directions of biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weide
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - Ester Fonsatti
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Italy
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud-XI, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France
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35
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Zelba H, Weide B, Martens A, Bailur JK, Garbe C, Pawelec G. The prognostic impact of specific CD4 T-cell responses is critically dependent on the target antigen in melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e955683. [PMID: 26097797 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma-associated antigens Melan-A and NY-ESO-1 stimulate different T-cell responses in late-stage melanoma patients. Either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell reactivity against NY-ESO-1 was associated with better prognosis, but for Melan-A, only CD8+ but not CD4+ T-cell responses were associated with longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Zelba
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology; Department of Immunology; University of Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Division of Dermatooncology; Department of Dermatology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Division of Dermatooncology; Department of Dermatology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
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Joshi BH, Leland P, Lababidi S, Varrichio F, Puri RK. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha overexpression in human bladder cancer correlates with the pathological grade and stage of the disease. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1615-28. [PMID: 25208941 PMCID: PMC4298388 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is overexpressed on a variety of human cancers and can serve as target for IL-4 immunotoxin comprised of IL-4 and a mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin. However, its expression and association with grade and clinical stage of bladder cancer has not been studied. IL-4Rα expression was examined in human bladder cancer cell lines, mouse xenografts, and biopsy specimens at mRNA and protein levels by real-time RT-PCR and IHC/ISH techniques. We also examined the effect of IL-4 on proliferation and invasion of bladder carcinoma cell lines. For tissue microarray (TMA) results, we analyzed the precision data using exact binomial proportion with exact two-sided P-values. We used Cochran–Armitage Statistics with exact two-sided P-values to examine the trend analysis of IL-4Rα over grade or stage of the bladder cancer specimens. The influence of age and gender covariates was also analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. IL-4Rα is overexpressed in five bladder cancer cell lines, while normal bladder and human umbilical vein cell lines (HUVEC) expressed at low levels. Two other chains of IL-4 receptor complex, IL-2RγC and IL-13Rα1, were absent or weakly expressed. IL-4 modestly inhibited the cell proliferation, but enhanced cell invasion of bladder cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Bladder cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice also maintained IL-4Rα overexpression in vivo. Analysis of tumor biopsy specimens in TMAs revealed significantly higher IL-4Rα immunostaining (≥2+) in Grade 2 (85%) and Grade 3 (97%) compared to Grade 1 tumors (0%) (P ≤ 0.0001). Similarly, 9% stage I tumors were positive for IL-4Rα (≥2+) compared to 84% stage II (P ≤ 0.0001) and 100% stages III–IV tumors (P ≤ 0.0001). IL-13Rα1 was also expressed in tumor tissues but at low levels and it did not show any correlation with the grade and stage of disease. However, the IL-2RγC was not expressed. Ten normal bladder specimens demonstrated ≤1+ staining for IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 and no staining for IL-2RγC. These results demonstrate that IL-4Rα is overexpressed in human bladder cancer, which correlates with advanced grade and stage of the disease. Thus, IL-4Rα may be a bladder tumor-associated protein and a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, NIH Building 29B, Room 2E1229 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland
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