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Joshi BH, Suzuki A, Fujisawa T, Leland P, Varrichio F, Lababidi S, Lloyd R, Kasperbauer J, Puri RK. Identification, characterization, and targeting of IL-4 receptor by IL-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin in mouse models of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Discov Med 2015; 20:273-84. [PMID: 26645899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a rapidly increasing endocrine cancer. Since interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) is overexpressed in human solid cancer, we examined expression of IL-4R in 50 cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), 37 well-differentiated papillary cancer (WDPC), 35 well-differentiated follicular cancer of thyroid (WDFC), and 37 normal thyroid specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. We demonstrated that IL-4Rα was overexpressed in 36/50 (72%) ATC, 20/35 (57%) WDFC, and 11/37 (30%) WDPC tumors. Other two subunits of IL-4R, interleukin-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1) and interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL-2RγC), were either weakly expressed or absent. As ATC is a highly aggressive cancer with higher incidence of IL-4Rα expression, we characterized IL-4R in 3 ATC cell lines. RT-qPCR and IFA results showed that IL-4Rα is overexpressed while IL-13Rα1 is weakly expressed. Control human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC) showed weak expression of IL-4Rα. Binding and competition studies with 125I-IL-4 in ATC cell lines demonstrated that IL-4 specifically bound to IL-4Rα on cell surface. ATC cell lines were highly sensitive to a chimeric fusion cytotoxin consisting of circularly permuted IL-4 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-4-PE), which killed them in a concentration dependent manner. IL-4-PE also blocked colony formation of ATC cell lines in clonogenic assays. IL-4-PE mediated a significant antitumor activity in mouse models of ATC. Intratumoral administration of IL-4-PE caused significant regression of established tumors in a dose dependent manner and increased the overall survival without any visible toxicity. Thus, IL-4Rα in ATC may represent a novel therapeutic target and IL-4-PE may serve as an investigational therapeutic option for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Toshio Fujisawa
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Pamela Leland
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Frederick Varrichio
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Samir Lababidi
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ricardo Lloyd
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jan Kasperbauer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Joshi BH, Suzuki A, Leland P, Lababidi S, Varrichio F, Kreitman R, Puri RK. Interleukin-4 receptor targeted immunotherapy of human bladder cancer in animal models. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4292317 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Joshi BH, Leland P, Lababidi S, Varrichio F, Puri RK. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha overexpression in human bladder cancer correlates with the pathological grade and stage of the disease. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1615-28. [PMID: 25208941 PMCID: PMC4298388 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is overexpressed on a variety of human cancers and can serve as target for IL-4 immunotoxin comprised of IL-4 and a mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin. However, its expression and association with grade and clinical stage of bladder cancer has not been studied. IL-4Rα expression was examined in human bladder cancer cell lines, mouse xenografts, and biopsy specimens at mRNA and protein levels by real-time RT-PCR and IHC/ISH techniques. We also examined the effect of IL-4 on proliferation and invasion of bladder carcinoma cell lines. For tissue microarray (TMA) results, we analyzed the precision data using exact binomial proportion with exact two-sided P-values. We used Cochran–Armitage Statistics with exact two-sided P-values to examine the trend analysis of IL-4Rα over grade or stage of the bladder cancer specimens. The influence of age and gender covariates was also analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. IL-4Rα is overexpressed in five bladder cancer cell lines, while normal bladder and human umbilical vein cell lines (HUVEC) expressed at low levels. Two other chains of IL-4 receptor complex, IL-2RγC and IL-13Rα1, were absent or weakly expressed. IL-4 modestly inhibited the cell proliferation, but enhanced cell invasion of bladder cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Bladder cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice also maintained IL-4Rα overexpression in vivo. Analysis of tumor biopsy specimens in TMAs revealed significantly higher IL-4Rα immunostaining (≥2+) in Grade 2 (85%) and Grade 3 (97%) compared to Grade 1 tumors (0%) (P ≤ 0.0001). Similarly, 9% stage I tumors were positive for IL-4Rα (≥2+) compared to 84% stage II (P ≤ 0.0001) and 100% stages III–IV tumors (P ≤ 0.0001). IL-13Rα1 was also expressed in tumor tissues but at low levels and it did not show any correlation with the grade and stage of disease. However, the IL-2RγC was not expressed. Ten normal bladder specimens demonstrated ≤1+ staining for IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 and no staining for IL-2RγC. These results demonstrate that IL-4Rα is overexpressed in human bladder cancer, which correlates with advanced grade and stage of the disease. Thus, IL-4Rα may be a bladder tumor-associated protein and a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, NIH Building 29B, Room 2E1229 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland
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