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Wu DH, Senyo SE. Scratching beneath the surface: IL4Rα blockade and the progression from myocardial ischemic injury to heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1177-H1179. [PMID: 38517226 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00150.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Samuel E Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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2
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Scibiorek M, Mthembu N, Mangali S, Ngomti A, Ikwegbue P, Brombacher F, Hadebe S. IL-4Rα signalling in B cells and T cells play differential roles in acute and chronic atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:144. [PMID: 36599893 PMCID: PMC9812985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common pruritic inflammatory skin disease with complex environmental and genetic predisposing factors. Primary skin barrier dysfunction and aberrant T helper 2 (TH2) responses to common allergens, together with increased serum IgE antibodies, characterise the disease. B and T cells are essential in the disease manifestation, however, the exact mechanism of how these cells is involved is unclear. Targeting interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), an IL-4/IL-13 signalling axis, with dupilumab shows efficacy in AD. We investigated the importance of IL-4Rα signalling specifically on B and T cells during acute and chronic models of AD. We used House dust mite (HDM) and Ovalbumin (OVA) in chronic models and a low-calcemic analog of vitamin D (MC903) for acute models of AD. We used mb1creIL-4Rα-/lox, iLCKcreIL-4Rα-/lox, LCKcreIL-4Rα-/lox, CD4creIL-4Rα-/lox, Foxp3creIL-4Rα-/lox and IL-4Rα-/lox littermate controls. IL-4Rα-responsive B cells were essential in serum IgE levels, but not in epidermal thickening in both chronic and acute models. IL-4Rα-responsive T cells were essential in epidermal thickening in the pan-T cell, but not CD4 or CD8 T cells suggesting the importance of γδT cells during acute AD. Our results suggest that IL-4Rα responsiveness on innate T cells regulates acute atopic dermatitis, while on B cells it regulates IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Scibiorek
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nontobeko Mthembu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sandisiwe Mangali
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Ikwegbue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Tull TJ, Pitcher MJ, Guesdon W, Siu JH, Lebrero-Fernández C, Zhao Y, Petrov N, Heck S, Ellis R, Dhami P, Kadolsky UD, Kleeman M, Kamra Y, Fear DJ, John S, Jassem W, Groves RW, Sanderson JD, Robson MG, D’Cruz DP, Bemark M, Spencer J. Human marginal zone B cell development from early T2 progenitors. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202001. [PMID: 33538776 PMCID: PMC7868795 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells emerge from the bone marrow as transitional (TS) B cells that differentiate through T1, T2, and T3 stages to become naive B cells. We have identified a bifurcation of human B cell maturation from the T1 stage forming IgMhi and IgMlo developmental trajectories. IgMhi T2 cells have higher expression of α4β7 integrin and lower expression of IL-4 receptor (IL4R) compared with the IgMlo branch and are selectively recruited into gut-associated lymphoid tissue. IgMhi T2 cells also share transcriptomic features with marginal zone B cells (MZBs). Lineage progression from T1 cells to MZBs via an IgMhi trajectory is identified by pseudotime analysis of scRNA-sequencing data. Reduced frequency of IgMhi gut-homing T2 cells is observed in severe SLE and is associated with reduction of MZBs and their putative IgMhi precursors. The collapse of the gut-associated MZB maturational axis in severe SLE affirms its existence in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Tull
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J. Pitcher
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - William Guesdon
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline H.Y. Siu
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristina Lebrero-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nedyalko Petrov
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Susanne Heck
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Ellis
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Michelle Kleeman
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Yogesh Kamra
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David J. Fear
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Susan John
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Wayel Jassem
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Richard W. Groves
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, UK
| | - Jeremy D. Sanderson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael G. Robson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David P. D’Cruz
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jo Spencer
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Bangert C, Rindler K, Krausgruber T, Alkon N, Thaler FM, Kurz H, Ayub T, Demirtas D, Fortelny N, Vorstandlechner V, Bauer WM, Quint T, Mildner M, Jonak C, Elbe-Bürger A, Griss J, Bock C, Brunner PM. Persistence of mature dendritic cells, T H2A, and Tc2 cells characterize clinically resolved atopic dermatitis under IL-4Rα blockade. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe2749. [PMID: 33483337 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for autoimmune diseases typically consist of broad and targeted immunosuppressive agents. However, sustained clinical benefit is rarely achieved, as the disease phenotype usually returns after cessation of treatment. To better understand tissue-resident immune memory in human disease, we investigated patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) who underwent short-term or long-term treatment with the IL-4Rα blocker dupilumab. Using multi-omics profiling with single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex proteomics, we found significant decreases in overall skin immune cell counts and normalization of transcriptomic dysregulation in keratinocytes consistent with clearance of disease. However, we identified specific immune cell populations that persisted for up to a year after clinical remission while being absent from healthy controls. These populations included LAMP3 + CCL22+ mature dendritic cells, CRTH2 + CD161 + T helper ("TH2A") cells, and CRTAM + cytotoxic T cells, which expressed high levels of CCL17 (dendritic cells) and IL13 (T cells). TH2A cells showed a characteristic cytokine receptor constellation with IL17RB, IL1RL1 (ST2), and CRLF2 expression, suggesting that these cells are key responders to the AD-typical epidermal alarmins IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, respectively. We thus identified disease-linked immune cell populations in resolved AD indicative of a persisting disease memory, facilitating a rapid response system of epidermal-dermal cross-talk between keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and T cells. This observation may help to explain the disease recurrence upon termination of immunosuppressive treatments in AD, and it identifies potential disease memory-linked cell types that may be targeted to achieve a more sustained therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Rindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix M Thaler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya Ayub
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denis Demirtas
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang M Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Yoo JD, Bae SM, Seo J, Jeon IS, Vadevoo SMP, Kim SY, Kim IS, Lee B, Kim S. Designed ferritin nanocages displaying trimeric TRAIL and tumor-targeting peptides confer superior anti-tumor efficacy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19997. [PMID: 33203916 PMCID: PMC7672110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL is considered a promising target for cancer therapy because it mediates activation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in a tumor-specific manner by binding to and trimerizing its functional receptors, DR4 or DR5. Although recombinant human TRAIL has shown high potency and specificity for killing cancer cells in preclinical studies, it has failed in multiple clinical trials for several reasons, including a very short half-life mainly caused by instability of the monomeric form of TRAIL and rapid renal clearance of the off-targeted TRAIL. To overcome such obstacles, we developed a TRAIL-active trimer nanocage (TRAIL-ATNC) that presents the TRAIL ligand in its trimer-like conformation by connecting it to a triple helix sequence that links to the threefold axis of the ferritin nanocage. We also ligated the tumor-targeting peptide, IL4rP, to TRAIL-ATNC to enhance tumor targeting. The developed TRAIL-ATNCIL4rP showed enhanced agonistic activity compared with monomeric TRAIL. The in vivo serum half-life of TRAIL-ATNCIL4rP was ~ 16-times longer than that of native TRAIL. As a consequence of these properties, TRAIL-ATNCIL4rP exhibited efficacy as an anti-tumor agent in vivo against xenograft breast cancer as well as orthotopic pancreatic cancer models, highlighting the promise of this system for development as novel therapeutics against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Do Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mun Bae
- PrismCDX, Inc., 593-16, Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seon Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that has become a global health problem. The pathophysiology of AD includes both skin barrier and immune abnormalities, with type 2 immune deviation central to several clinical phenotypes and underlying endotypes. Recognition of the persistent nature and systemic aspects of AD provides a rationale for treatment with a biologic. Dupilumab has been approved for patients 6 years of age and older with moderate to severe AD. Monoclonal antibodies are in phase 3 trials and may become part of a precision medicine approach to AD.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Biological Products/pharmacology
- Biological Products/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Drug Approval
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Interleukin-13/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-13/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Off-Label Use
- Omalizumab/pharmacology
- Omalizumab/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Interleukin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Boguniewicz
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, J310, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Kedong H, Wang D, Sagaram M, An HS, Chee A. Anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-4 on intervertebral disc cells. Spine J 2020; 20:60-68. [PMID: 31265894 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Inflammation has been associated with a number of pathological conditions including intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, increased risks of low back pain and other spinal diseases. Downregulating disc inflammation may be a strategy to reduce degeneration and more importantly back pain. Interleukin (IL)-4 was first discovered as a T-cell secreted factor that enhanced the proliferation of anti-IgM stimulated B cells and is now known as a cytokine that can stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation, tissue regeneration and neurological functions. IL-4 has been shown to be effective in inhibiting inflammatory pathways in chondrocytes. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that disc tissues are immunopositive for IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) and IL-4. Yet, the roles of IL-4 and IL-4R in disc biology remain unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to understand the roles of IL-4 and IL-4Rα in IVDs and to determine if IL-4 can function to inhibit inflammation in IVD cells. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro experiment. METHODS Deidentified patient IVD tissues were collected after surgery under the Orthopedic Information, Tissue and Implant Repository (ORA L00011021). IVD cells were isolated and cultured in monolayer. IL-4R protein expression was analyzed using immunocytochemistry. To test if the IL-4R was responsive to its ligand, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation was analyzed on cell lysates of IVD cells treated with recombinant human IL-4 for 30 minutes using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. Gene expression analysis of IL-4 up- and downregulated genes were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. Anti-inflammatory effects of IL-4 were determined by cotreating disc cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-4 and measuring gene expression and protein release of inflammatory markers, IL-6 and IL-8. The significance of differences among means of data on gene expression and protein analyses were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or student t test. Differences were considered significant when the p value was below 0.05. RESULTS Immunocytochemistry staining for IL-4Rα in primary IVD cells (n=8) showed the majority of immunopositive staining was intracellular. After IVD cells (n=3-7) were treated with different concentrations of recombinant human IL-4 (0.1-100 ng/mL) for 30 minutes, phospho-STAT6 levels significantly increased by two- to four-fold at all concentrations tested compared with untreated cells. Gene expression of IL-4Rα and IL-6 increased significantly in cells undergoing IL-4 treatment for 24 hours compared with control treated IVD cells (n=5-10). LPS stimulated inflammatory gene expression of interferon (IFN)β, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-8 were downregulated significantly in the presence of IL-4 (n=7). Lastly, protein release of IL-6 and IL-8 were reduced significantly in cells treated with IL-4 and LPS compared with those treated with LPS alone (n=7). CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to explore the function of IL-4 and IL-4R in IVD cells. Immunocytochemistry studies confirmed that the majority of cells isolated from patient IVDs expressed IL-4Rα at the protein level. Also, IVD cells can respond to IL-4 by up-regulating IL-4Rα and IL-6 genes and inhibiting inflammatory genes and proteins induced by LPS. Further studies to test the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-4 in the IVD would be needed in animal models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biological therapies which include intradiscal delivery of cells, anti-inflammatories or growth factors are being investigated to treat disc degeneration and back pain in animal models and in the clinic. Based on our findings that IL-4 has anti-inflammatory effects on IVD cells, the results of this study suggest including recombinant IL-4 delivery into the intervertebral disc may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy to treat patients with back pain by reducing disc inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Kedong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Degui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manasa Sagaram
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Howard S An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Harris AJ, Mirchandani AS, Lynch RW, Murphy F, Delaney L, Small D, Coelho P, Watts ER, Sadiku P, Griffith D, Dickinson RS, Clark E, Willson JA, Morrison T, Mazzone M, Carmeliet P, Ghesquiere B, O’Kane C, McAuley D, Jenkins SJ, Whyte MKB, Walmsley SR. IL4Rα Signaling Abrogates Hypoxic Neutrophil Survival and Limits Acute Lung Injury Responses In Vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:235-246. [PMID: 30849228 PMCID: PMC6635795 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201808-1599oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is defined by the presence of systemic hypoxia and consequent on disordered neutrophilic inflammation. Local mechanisms limiting the duration and magnitude of this neutrophilic response remain poorly understood. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that during acute lung inflammation tissue production of proresolution type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) dampens the proinflammatory effects of hypoxia through suppression of HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α)-mediated neutrophil adaptation, resulting in resolution of lung injury. Methods: Neutrophil activation of IL4Ra (IL-4 receptor α) signaling pathways was explored ex vivo in human acute respiratory distress syndrome patient samples, in vitro after the culture of human peripheral blood neutrophils with recombinant IL-4 under conditions of hypoxia, and in vivo through the study of IL4Ra-deficient neutrophils in competitive chimera models and wild-type mice treated with IL-4. Measurements and Main Results: IL-4 was elevated in human BAL from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and its receptor was identified on patient blood neutrophils. Treatment of human neutrophils with IL-4 suppressed HIF-1α-dependent hypoxic survival and limited proinflammatory transcriptional responses. Increased neutrophil apoptosis in hypoxia, also observed with IL-13, required active STAT signaling, and was dependent on expression of the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase PHD2. In vivo, IL-4Ra-deficient neutrophils had a survival advantage within a hypoxic inflamed niche; in contrast, inflamed lung treatment with IL-4 accelerated resolution through increased neutrophil apoptosis. Conclusions: We describe an important interaction whereby IL4Rα-dependent type 2 cytokine signaling can directly inhibit hypoxic neutrophil survival in tissues and promote resolution of neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Harris
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ananda S. Mirchandani
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi W. Lynch
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Murphy
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Delaney
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Small
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Coelho
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R. Watts
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pranvera Sadiku
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Griffith
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca S. Dickinson
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eilidh Clark
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A. Willson
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tyler Morrison
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Massimilliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumour Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquiere
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cecilia O’Kane
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Danny McAuley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Steve J. Jenkins
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Moira K. B. Whyte
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Walmsley
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Frombach J, Sonnenburg A, Krapohl BD, Zuberbier T, Peiser M, Stahlmann R, Schreiner M. Lymphocyte surface markers and cytokines are suitable for detection and potency assessment of skin-sensitizing chemicals in an in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis: the LCSA-ly. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1495-1505. [PMID: 29380012 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a widespread health disorder and occupational skin disease. Hence, screening for contact-sensitizing chemicals is highly relevant to toxicology, dermatology, and occupational medicine. The use of animal tests for this purpose is constrained by ethical considerations, need for high-throughput screening, and legislation (e.g., for cosmetics in the European Union). T cell activation is the final and most specific key event of the "adverse outcome pathway" for skin sensitization and therefore a promising target for the development of in vitro sensitization assays. We present a novel in vitro sensitization assay with a lymphocyte endpoint as an add-on to the loose-fit coculture-based sensitization assay (LCSA): the LCSA-ly. While the LCSA measures dendritic cell activation, the LCSA-ly offers the option for an additional lymphocyte endpoint which can be measured concurrently. We incorporated lymphocytes in our previously established coculture of primary human keratinocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells and tested nine substances: five sensitizers [2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) 1.25-15 µmol/l, p-phenylenediamine (PPD) 15.6-125 µmol/l, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) 50-1000 µmol/l, coumarin, and resorcinol (both: 250-1500 µmol/l)] and four non-sensitizers (monochlorobenzene, caprylic acid, glycerol, and salicylic acid (all: 125-1000 µmol/l)]. DNCB and MBT increased a subset of IL-23 receptor+/IFN-γ receptor 1 (CD119)+ lymphocytes. DNCB, PPD, and MBT enhanced a subunit of the IL-4 receptor (CD124) and a memory marker (CD44) on lymphocytes. Remarkably, DNCB, PPD, and MBT raised IL-4 concentrations in coculture supernatants while IFN-γ levels decreased, which might point to Th2 activation in vitro. Coumarin, resorcinol, and non-sensitizers did not alter any of the tested surface markers or cytokines. IL-17 was not affected by any of the substances. Relative strength of sensitizers according to lymphocyte markers was DNCB > PPD > MBT, which corresponds to earlier results from the LCSA without lymphocyte endpoint, the murine local lymph node assay, and human data. This study is the first to prove the suitability of lymphocyte surface markers for sensitization testing and potency assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Frombach
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sonnenburg
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn-Dirk Krapohl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Marien Hospital Berlin, Gallwitzallee 123, 12249, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Peiser
- Department Safety of Pesticides, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Stahlmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schreiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital, Scharnhorststraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Nono JK, Ndlovu H, Abdel Aziz N, Mpotje T, Hlaka L, Brombacher F. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha is still required after Th2 polarization for the maintenance and the recall of protective immunity to Nematode infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017. [PMID: 28651009 PMCID: PMC5501681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no vaccine against parasitic nematodes and the knowledge on the mechanisms by which protective immunity against this class of parasites is achieved is continuously expanding. Nematode parasites trigger a host protective type 2 immune response via interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα). Despite this central role, it is not known whether IL-4Rα has a role in maintaining host type 2 immune responses following polarization. To determine the role of IL-4Rα after polarization, we used a recently established strain of rosaCreERT2-/+IL-4Rα-/Lox mice where il4rα gene deletion can be temporally controlled. We show that sustained expression of IL-4Rα is required for the maintenance of type 2 immune responses and protective immunity following interruption after polarization with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis primary infection. Moreover, we show by temporal deletion of IL-4Rα prior to secondary infection with N. brasiliensis that signaling via this receptor drives more efficient recall of type 2 immune responses and clearance of the parasites. Together, this study demonstrates that sustained IL-4Rα mediated signaling is required for the maintenance of anti-nematode type 2 immune responses, describing a novel function for IL-4Rα that is distinct from its role in immune polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Komguep Nono
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town,South Africa
- The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town,South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nada Abdel Aziz
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town,South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thabo Mpotje
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Lerato Hlaka
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Cytokines and Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town & Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town,South Africa
- * E-mail:
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11
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Schwartzbaum J, Wang M, Root E, Pietrzak M, Rempala GA, Huang RP, Johannesen TB, Grimsrud TK. A nested case-control study of 277 prediagnostic serum cytokines and glioma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178705. [PMID: 28594935 PMCID: PMC5464586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows bidirectional communication between the normal brain and the peripheral immune system. Glioma is a primary brain tumor characterized by systemic immunosuppression. To better understand gliomagenesis, we evaluated associations between 277 prediagnostic serum cytokines and glioma. We used glioma (n = 487) and matched control (n = 487) specimens from the Janus Serum Bank Cohort in Oslo, Norway. Conditional logistic regression allowed us to identify those cytokines that were individually associated with glioma. Next, we used heat maps to compare case to control Pearson correlation matrices of 12 cytokines modeled in an in silico study of the interaction between the microenvironment and the tumor. We did the same for case-control correlation matrices of lasso-selected cytokines and all 277 cytokines in the data set. Cytokines related to glioma risk (P ≤ .05) more than 10 years before diagnosis are sIL10RB, VEGF, beta-Catenin and CCL22. LIF was associated with decreased glioma risk within five years before glioma diagnosis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 0.94). After adjustment for cytokines above, the previously observed interaction between IL4 and sIL4RA persisted (> 20 years before diagnosis, OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.47). In addition, during this period, case correlations among 12 cytokines were weaker than were those among controls. This pattern was also observed among 30 lasso- selected cytokines and all 277 cytokines. We identified four cytokines and one interaction term that were independently related to glioma risk. We have documented prediagnostic changes in serum cytokine levels that may reflect the presence of a preclinical tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schwartzbaum
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Min Wang
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Root
- Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Grzegorz A. Rempala
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, United States of America
- RayBiotech, Inc. Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tom K. Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Takahashi N, Saitoh T, Gotoh N, Nitta Y, Alkebsi L, Kasamatsu T, Minato Y, Yokohama A, Tsukamoto N, Handa H, Murakami H. The cytokine polymorphisms affecting Th1/Th2 increase the susceptibility to, and severity of, chronic ITP. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:26. [PMID: 28511637 PMCID: PMC5434613 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) polarization in chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) has been reported at the protein and mRNA levels. We evaluated the impact of Th1/Th2 cytokine and cytokine receptor functional polymorphisms on both susceptibility to, and severity of, cITP. We analysed IFN-γ + 874 T/A, IFN-γR -611G/A, IL-4 -590C/T, and IL-4Rα Q576R polymorphisms in 126 cITP patients (male/female: 34/92; median age: 47.7 years) and 202 healthy control donors. Genotyping was determined by PCR and direct sequencing. The Th1/Th2 ratio was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via flow cytometry. RESULTS cITP patients had a higher frequency of the IL-4Rα 576 non-QQ genotype compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.04). cITP patients with the IFN-γ +874 non-AA genotype (high expression type) showed more severe thrombocytopenia than those with the AA genotype (P < 0.05). cITP patients had a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio than control patients (P < 0.01); this ratio was inversely correlated with platelet counts. Furthermore, patients with both IFN-γ +874 non-AA genotype (high expression type) and IFN-γR -611 non-AA genotype (high-function type) had a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cytokine polymorphisms affecting Th1/Th2 increase the susceptibility to, and severity of, chronic ITP.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/genetics
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1-Th2 Balance/genetics
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Young Adult
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nitta
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Lobna Alkebsi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
| | - Yusuke Minato
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Division of Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514 Japan
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13
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Joshi BH, Suzuki A, Fujisawa T, Leland P, Varrichio F, Lababidi S, Lloyd R, Kasperbauer J, Puri RK. Identification, characterization, and targeting of IL-4 receptor by IL-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin in mouse models of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Discov Med 2015; 20:273-84. [PMID: 26645899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a rapidly increasing endocrine cancer. Since interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) is overexpressed in human solid cancer, we examined expression of IL-4R in 50 cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), 37 well-differentiated papillary cancer (WDPC), 35 well-differentiated follicular cancer of thyroid (WDFC), and 37 normal thyroid specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. We demonstrated that IL-4Rα was overexpressed in 36/50 (72%) ATC, 20/35 (57%) WDFC, and 11/37 (30%) WDPC tumors. Other two subunits of IL-4R, interleukin-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1) and interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL-2RγC), were either weakly expressed or absent. As ATC is a highly aggressive cancer with higher incidence of IL-4Rα expression, we characterized IL-4R in 3 ATC cell lines. RT-qPCR and IFA results showed that IL-4Rα is overexpressed while IL-13Rα1 is weakly expressed. Control human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC) showed weak expression of IL-4Rα. Binding and competition studies with 125I-IL-4 in ATC cell lines demonstrated that IL-4 specifically bound to IL-4Rα on cell surface. ATC cell lines were highly sensitive to a chimeric fusion cytotoxin consisting of circularly permuted IL-4 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-4-PE), which killed them in a concentration dependent manner. IL-4-PE also blocked colony formation of ATC cell lines in clonogenic assays. IL-4-PE mediated a significant antitumor activity in mouse models of ATC. Intratumoral administration of IL-4-PE caused significant regression of established tumors in a dose dependent manner and increased the overall survival without any visible toxicity. Thus, IL-4Rα in ATC may represent a novel therapeutic target and IL-4-PE may serve as an investigational therapeutic option for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Toshio Fujisawa
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Pamela Leland
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Frederick Varrichio
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Samir Lababidi
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ricardo Lloyd
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jan Kasperbauer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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14
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Nielsen KR, Steffensen R, Bendtsen MD, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Baech J, Haunstrup TM, Bergkvist KS, Schmitz A, Boedker JS, Johansen P, Dybkaeær K, Boeøgsted M, Johnsen HE. Inherited Inflammatory Response Genes Are Associated with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Risk and Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139329. [PMID: 26448050 PMCID: PMC4598167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant B-cell clones are affected by both acquired genetic alterations and by inherited genetic variations changing the inflammatory tumour microenvironment. METHODS We investigated 50 inflammatory response gene polymorphisms in 355 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) samples encompassing 216 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 139 follicular lymphoma (FL) and 307 controls. The effect of single genes and haplotypes were investigated and gene-expression analysis was applied for selected genes. Since interaction between risk genes can have a large impact on phenotype, two-way gene-gene interaction analysis was included. RESULTS We found inherited SNPs in genes critical for inflammatory pathways; TLR9, IL4, TAP2, IL2RA, FCGR2A, TNFA, IL10RB, GALNT12, IL12A and IL1B were significantly associated with disease risk and SELE, IL1RN, TNFA, TAP2, MBL2, IL5, CX3CR1, CHI3L1 and IL12A were, associated with overall survival (OS) in specific diagnostic entities of B-NHL. We discovered noteworthy interactions between DLBCL risk alleles on IL10 and IL4RA and FL risk alleles on IL4RA and IL4. In relation to OS, a highly significant interaction was observed in DLBCL for IL4RA (rs1805010) * IL10 (rs1800890) (HR = 0.11 (0.02-0.50)). Finally, we explored the expression of risk genes from the gene-gene interaction analysis in normal B-cell subtypes showing a different expression of IL4RA, IL10, IL10RB genes supporting a pathogenetic effect of these interactions in the germinal center. CONCLUSIONS The present findings support the importance of inflammatory genes in B-cell lymphomas. We found association between polymorphic sites in inflammatory response genes and risk as well as outcome in B-NHL and suggest an effect of gene-gene interactions during the stepwise oncogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Alleles
- Female
- Genotype
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Linkage Disequilibrium
- Lymphoma, Follicular/etiology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk
- Survival Analysis
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - John Baech
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thure Mors Haunstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander Schmitz
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Preben Johansen
- Department of Haematopathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkaeær
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Boeøgsted
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Johnsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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15
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Sarangthem V, Cho EA, Bae SM, Singh TD, Kim SJ, Kim S, Jeon WB, Lee BH, Park RW. Construction and application of elastin like polypeptide containing IL-4 receptor targeting peptide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81891. [PMID: 24339977 PMCID: PMC3858272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various human solid tumors highly express IL-4 receptors which amplify the expression of some of anti-apoptotic proteins, preventing drug-induced cancer cell death. Thus, IL-4 receptor targeted drug delivery can possibly increase the therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Macromolecular carriers with multivalent targeting moieties offered great advantages in cancer therapy as they not only increase the plasma half-life of the drug but also allow delivery of therapeutic drugs to the cancer cells with higher specificity, minimizing the deleterious effects of the drug on normal cells. In this study we designed a library of elastin like polypeptide (ELP) polymers containing tumor targeting AP1 peptide using recursive directional ligation method. AP1 was previously discovered as an atherosclerotic plaque and breast tumor tissue homing peptide using phage display screening method, and it can selectively bind to the interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R). The fluorescently labeled [AP1-V12]6, an ELP polymer containing six AP1 enhanced tumor-specific targeting ability and uptake efficiency in H226 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that multivalent presentation of the targeting ligand in the ELP polymer increased the binding affinity towards IL-4 receptor compared to free peptide. The binding of [AP1-V12]6 to cancer cells was remarkably reduced when IL-4 receptors were blocked by antibody against IL-4 receptor further confirmed its binding. Importantly, the Cy5.5-labeled [AP1-V12]6 demonstrated excellent homing and longer retention in tumor tissues in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. Immunohistological studies of tumor tissues further validated the targeting efficiency of [AP1-V12]6 to tumor tissue. These results indicate that designed [AP1-V12]6 can serve as a novel carrier for selective delivery of therapeutic drugs to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun A. Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mun Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Jeon
- Division of NanoBioTechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Rausch S, Held J, Fischer A, Heimesaat MM, Kühl AA, Bereswill S, Hartmann S. Small intestinal nematode infection of mice is associated with increased enterobacterial loads alongside the intestinal tract. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74026. [PMID: 24040152 PMCID: PMC3769368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes are potent modulators of immune reactivity in mice and men. Intestinal nematodes live in close contact with commensal gut bacteria, provoke biased Th2 immune responses upon infection, and subsequently lead to changes in gut physiology. We hypothesized that murine nematode infection is associated with distinct changes of the intestinal bacterial microbiota composition. We here studied intestinal inflammatory and immune responses in mice following infection with the hookworm Heligmosomoidespolygyrusbakeri and applied cultural and molecular techniques to quantitatively assess intestinal microbiota changes in the ileum, cecum and colon. At day 14 post nematode infection, mice harbored significantly higher numbers of γ-Proteobacteria/Enterobacteriaceae and members of the Bacteroides/Prevotella group in their cecum as compared to uninfected controls. Abundance of Gram-positive species such as Lactobacilli, Clostridia as well as the total bacterial load was not affected by worm infection. The altered microbiota composition was independent of the IL-4/-13 – STAT6 signaling axis, as infected IL-4Rα-/- mice showed a similar increase in enterobacterial loads. In conclusion, infection with an enteric nematode is accompanied by distinct intestinal microbiota changes towards higher abundance of gram-negative commensal species at the small intestinal site of infection (and inflammation), but also in the parasite-free large intestinal tract. Further studies should unravel the impact of nematode-induced microbiota changes in inflammatory bowel disease to allow for a better understanding of how theses parasites interfere with intestinal inflammation and bacterial communities in men.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacterial Load
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Enterobacteriaceae/classification
- Enterobacteriaceae/genetics
- Enterobacteriaceae/growth & development
- Female
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/parasitology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/parasitology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microbiota
- Nematode Infections/immunology
- Nematode Infections/microbiology
- Nematode Infections/parasitology
- RNA, Bacterial
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rausch
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Josephin Held
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Research Center ImmunoSciences (RCIS), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Wijesundara DK, Tscharke DC, Jackson RJ, Ranasinghe C. Reduced interleukin-4 receptor α expression on CD8+ T cells correlates with higher quality anti-viral immunity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55788. [PMID: 23383283 PMCID: PMC3561338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the hope of understanding how interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 modulated quality of anti-viral CD8+ T cells, we evaluated the expression of receptors for these cytokines following a range of viral infections (e.g. pox viruses and influenza virus). Results clearly indicated that unlike other IL-4/IL-13 receptor subunits, IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) was significantly down-regulated on anti-viral CD8+ T cells in a cognate antigen dependent manner. The infection of gene knockout mice and wild-type (WT) mice with vaccinia virus (VV) or VV expressing IL-4 confirmed that IL-4, IL-13 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) were required to increase IL-4Rα expression on CD8+ T cells, but not interferon (IFN)-γ. STAT6 dependent elevation of IL-4Rα expression on CD8+ T cells was a feature of poor quality anti-viral CD8+ T cell immunity as measured by the production of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in response to VV antigen stimulation in vitro. We propose that down-regulation of IL-4Rα, but not the other IL-4/IL-13 receptor subunits, is a mechanism by which CD8+ T cells reduce responsiveness to IL-4 and IL-13. This can improve the quality of anti-viral CD8+ T cell immunity. Our findings have important implications in understanding anti-viral CD8+ T cell immunity and designing effective vaccines against chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka K Wijesundara
- The Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, The Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia.
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18
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Krishnamoorthy N, Khare A, Oriss TB, Raundhal M, Morse C, Yarlagadda M, Wenzel SE, Moore ML, Peebles RS, Ray A, Ray P. Early infection with respiratory syncytial virus impairs regulatory T cell function and increases susceptibility to allergic asthma. Nat Med 2012; 18:1525-30. [PMID: 22961107 PMCID: PMC3641779 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune tolerance is instituted early in life, during which time regulatory T (T(reg)) cells have an important role. Recurrent infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in early life increase the risk for asthma in adult life. Repeated infection of infant mice tolerized to ovalbumin (OVA) through their mother's milk with RSV induced allergic airway disease in response to OVA sensitization and challenge, including airway inflammation, hyper-reactivity and higher OVA-specific IgE, as compared to uninfected tolerized control mice. Virus infection induced GATA-3 expression and T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cytokine production in forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)(+) T(reg) cells and compromised the suppressive function of pulmonary T(reg) cells in a manner that was dependent on interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) expression in the host. Thus, by promoting a T(H)2-type inflammatory response in the lung, RSV induced a T(H)2-like effector phenotype in T(reg) cells and attenuated tolerance to an unrelated antigen (allergen). Our findings highlight a mechanism by which viral infection targets a host-protective mechanism in early life and increases susceptibility to allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Ford AQ, Dasgupta P, Mikhailenko I, Smith EMP, Noben-Trauth N, Keegan AD. Adoptive transfer of IL-4Rα+ macrophages is sufficient to enhance eosinophilic inflammation in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:6. [PMID: 22292924 PMCID: PMC3283450 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) chain has a broad expression pattern and participates in IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, allowing it to influence several pathological components of allergic lung inflammation. We previously reported that IL-4Rα expression on both bone marrow-derived and non-bone marrow-derived cells contributed to the severity of allergic lung inflammation. There was a correlation between the number of macrophages expressing the IL-4Rα, CD11b, and IA(d), and the degree of eosinophilia in ovalbumin challenged mice. The engagement of the IL-4Rα by IL-4 or IL-13 is able to stimulate the alternative activation of macrophages (AAM). The presence of AAM has been correlated with inflammatory responses to parasites and allergens. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-4Rα⁺ AAM play an active role in allergic lung inflammation. To directly determine the role of AAM in allergic lung inflammation, M-CSF-dependent macrophages (BMM) were prepared from the bone-marrow of IL-4Rα positive and negative mice and transferred to IL-4RαxRAG2(-/-) mice. Wild type TH2 cells were provided exogenously. RESULTS Mice receiving IL-4Rα(+/+) BMM showed a marked increase in the recruitment of eosinophils to the lung after challenge with ovalbumin as compared to mice receiving IL-4Rα(-/-) BMM. As expected, the eosinophilic inflammation was dependent on the presence of TH2 cells. Furthermore, we observed an increase in cells expressing F4/80 and Mac3, and the AAM marker YM1/2 in the lungs of mice receiving IL-4Rα(+/+) BMM. The BAL fluid from these mice contained elevated levels of eotaxin-1, RANTES, and CCL2. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that transfer of IL-4Rα + macrophages is sufficient to enhance TH2-driven, allergic inflammation. They further show that stimulation of macrophages through IL-4Rα leads to their alternative activation and positive contribution to the TH2-driven allergic inflammatory response in the lung. Since an increase in AAM and their products has been observed in patients with asthma exacerbations, these results suggest that AAM may be targeted to alleviate exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Q Ford
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Preeta Dasgupta
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Irina Mikhailenko
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Elizabeth MP Smith
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Nancy Noben-Trauth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, Rockville MD 20892, USA
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center and Dept of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
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20
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Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL4) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in host protection from gastrointestinal nematodes. Here, we review the structure, function, and evolutionary history of IL4. Cumulative evidence indicates that over 100 million years of eutherian mammalian evolution, IL4 has experienced multiple episodes of positive selection. We argue that IL4 may have evolved in conflict with pathogen-derived antagonists, and therefore diversified to escape antagonism while being constrained to maintain binding to its cellular receptors. Selective pressure driving IL4 diversification may have arisen from ancient episodes of conflict with parasitic worm-derived IL4 antagonists. Descendants of such antagonists may still equip the armamentarium of contemporary gastrointestinal nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu R Pillai
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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21
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Rosenwasser LJ, Meng J, Chan MA, Gigliotti NM, May BE. The role of CD23 in IgE dependent signaling: implications from pharmacogenetics. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2011; 122:27-33. [PMID: 21686206 PMCID: PMC3116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The association of immunoglobulin E (IgE) with allergic diseases and asthma is well established. IgE binds to two receptors on various immune and inflammatory cells. The lower-affinity IgE Fc receptor, CD23, has multiple functions in enhancing the regulation of IgE production itself, and that of various pro-inflammatory activities and mediators. The data in this report are derived from an analysis of variation in the CD23 gene that leads to a coding exchange and to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with the substitution of an arginine residue for a tryptophan residue in the protein structure of CD23. This genetic variation is associated with three findings identified in this report. First, the tryptophan exchange is associated with greater expression of RNA for the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha chain and greater expression of RNA for egr-1 transcription factor, both of which are proinflammatory gene products that influence allergy-related immune functions. Second, the exchange is associated with cell surface expression of IL-4R. Third, an analysis of potential arginine-to-tryptophan exchanges in the entire human genome has identified a number of interesting exchanges in immunologic genes of interest for their role in allergic responses. A discussion of these three findings is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanny J Rosenwasser
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Children’s Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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22
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Nieuwenhuizen N, Herbert DR, Brombacher F, Lopata AL. Differential requirements for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in protein contact dermatitis induced by Anisakis. Allergy 2009; 64:1309-18. [PMID: 19254288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to antigens of the fish parasite Anisakis is associated with the development of protein contact dermatitis in seafood-processing workers. Understanding the basic mechanisms controlling allergic sensitization through the skin is critical for designing therapies that will prevent the progression of allergic disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and the IL-4Ralpha in both local skin pathology and systemic sensitization following epicutaneous exposure to Anisakis proteins. METHODS BALB/c wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in IL-4, IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13, as well as mice with cell-specific impairment of IL-4Ralpha expression, were sensitized to Anisakis antigen by repeated epicutaneous application of Anisakis extract. Following this sensitization, skin pathology was recorded and systemic responses were investigated. Intravenous challenge with Anisakis extract was performed to test for the development of biologically relevant systemic sensitization. RESULTS In WT mice, epicutaneous sensitization with Anisakis larval antigens induced localized inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, production of T(H)2 cytokines, antigen-specific IgE and IgG1. Intravenous challenge of sensitized mice resulted in anaphylactic shock. Interestingly, IL-13 deficient mice failed to develop epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation, whilst anaphylaxis was reduced only in strains deficient either in IL-4 only, or deficient in IL-4 and IL-13 concurrently, as well as in mice deficient in IL-4Ralpha or with impaired IL-4Ralpha expression on CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-13 plays a central role in protein contact dermatitis associated with repeated epicutaneous exposure to Anisakis extract, whereas IL-4 drives systemic sensitization and resultant anaphylactic shock.
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23
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Horsnell WGC, Cutler AJ, Hoving CJ, Mearns H, Myburgh E, Arendse B, Finkelman FD, Owens GK, Erle D, Brombacher F. Delayed goblet cell hyperplasia, acetylcholine receptor expression, and worm expulsion in SMC-specific IL-4Ralpha-deficient mice. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e1. [PMID: 17222057 PMCID: PMC1769405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) is essential for effective clearance of gastrointestinal nematode infections. Smooth muscle cells are considered to play a role in the type 2 immune response-driven expulsion of gastrointestinal nematodes. Previous studies have shown in vitro that signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling in response to parasitic nematode infection significantly increases smooth muscle cell contractility. Inhibition of the IL-4Ralpha pathway inhibits this response. How this response manifests itself in vivo is unknown. In this study, smooth muscle cell IL-4Ralpha-deficient mice (SM-MHC(Cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox)) were generated and characterized to uncover any role for IL-4/IL-13 in this non-immune cell type in response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. IL-4Ralpha was absent from alpha-actin-positive smooth muscle cells, while other cell types showed normal IL-4Ralpha expression, thus demonstrating efficient cell-type-specific deletion of the IL-4Ralpha gene. N. brasiliensis-infected SM-MHC(Cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox) mice showed delayed ability to resolve infection with significantly prolonged fecal egg recovery and delayed worm expulsion. The delayed expulsion was related to a delayed intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia, reduced T helper 2 cytokine production in the mesenteric lymph node, and reduced M3 muscarinic receptor expression during infection. Together, these results demonstrate that in vivo IL-4Ralpha-responsive smooth muscle cells are beneficial for N. brasiliensis expulsion by coordinating T helper 2 cytokine responses, goblet hyperplasia, and acetylcholine responsiveness, which drive smooth muscle cell contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. C Horsnell
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antony J Cutler
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claire J Hoving
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen Mearns
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elmarie Myburgh
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Berenice Arendse
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gary K Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dave Erle
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Lai KW, Wei CL, Tan LK, Tan PH, Chiang GSC, Lee CGL, Jordan SC, Yap HK. Overexpression of interleukin-13 induces minimal-change-like nephropathy in rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1476-85. [PMID: 17429054 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-13 on the development of proteinuria and expression of podocyte-related genes that are associated with nephrotic syndrome. IL-13 was overexpressed in Wistar rats through transfection of a mammalian expression vector cloned with the rat IL-13 gene, into the quadriceps by in vivo electroporation. Serum IL-13, albumin, cholesterol, and creatinine and urine albumin were measured serially. Kidneys were harvested after day 70 for histology and electron microscopy. Glomerular gene expression of nephrin, podocin, dystroglycan, B7-1, and IL-13 receptor subunits were examined using real-time PCR with hybridization probes and expressed as an index against beta-actin. Protein expression of these molecules was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The IL-13-transfected rats (n = 41) showed significant albuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia when compared with control rats (n = 17). No significant histologic changes were seen in glomeruli of IL-13-transfected rats. However, electron microscopy showed up to 80% of podocyte foot process fusion. Glomerular gene expression was significantly upregulated for B7-1, IL-4Ralpha, and IL-13Ralpha2 but downregulated for nephrin, podocin, and dystroglycan. Immunofluorescence staining intensity was reduced for nephrin, podocin, and dystroglycan but increased for B7-1 and IL-4Ralpha in IL-13-transfected rats compared with controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that IL-13 overexpression in the rat could lead to podocyte injury with downregulation of nephrin, podocin, and dystroglycan and a concurrent upregulation of B7-1 in the glomeruli, inducing a minimal change-like nephropathy that is characterized by increased proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and fusion of podocyte foot processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Wai Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Rodríguez-Martínez S, Cancino-Diaz ME, Miguel PS, Cancino-Diaz JC. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor via toll-like receptor 4 in human limbal fibroblasts. Exp Eye Res 2006; 83:1373-7. [PMID: 16997297 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization can be induced by a severe ocular infection, injury or immunological diseases. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main cytokine involved in this phenomenon, inducing angiogenesis from the vascularized ocular tissues. As the limbal tissue is located between conjunctival and corneal tissues, we suggest that the limbal cells are participating in the production of VEGF induced by bacterial components as LPS. In this work, RT-PCRs and immunoblots were used to investigate the expression of VEGF and other pro-angiogenic genes in primary cultures of human limbal fibroblasts (PCHLF) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. We found that the expression of VEGF was initiated at 6 h and reaches its highest expression at 72 h after stimulation with LPS. Up-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) after 3 h of treatment was also observed. LPS-induced the expression of VEGF in a dose-dependent manner, and the blocking of TLR4 with an anti-TLR4 antibody prevented VEGF expression. We also analyzed the molecules that modulate VEGF expression. LPS did not induce the up-regulation of LL-37 nor the hypoxia induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) mRNA expression, however, an up-regulation of interleukin 13 receptor alpha 1 (IL-13Ralpha1) and interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) were observed after 3 and 12 h of stimulation, respectively. The expression of interleukin 13 did not change throughout the treatment. These results suggest that TLR4, IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-4Ralpha induced by LPS in PCHLF could be playing an important role in the corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF México
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