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Sun JR, Kong CF, Ye YX, Wang Q, Qu XK, Jia LQ, Wu S. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing reveals a novel signature based on NK cell marker genes to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7648. [PMID: 38561388 PMCID: PMC10985121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play essential roles in the tumor development, diagnosis, and prognosis of tumors. In this study, we aimed to establish a reliable signature based on marker genes in NK cells, thus providing a new perspective for assessing immunotherapy and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed a total of 1560 samples retrieved from the public database. We performed a comprehensive analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of gastric cancer and identified 377 marker genes for NK cells. By performing Cox regression analysis, we established a 12-gene NK cell-associated signature (NKCAS) for the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, that assigned GC patients into a low-risk group (LRG) or a high-risk group (HRG). In the TCGA cohort, the areas under curve (AUC) value were 0.73, 0.81, and 0.80 at 1, 3, and 5 years. External validation of the predictive ability for the signature was then validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts (GSE84437). The expression levels of signature genes were measured and validated in GC cell lines by real-time PCR. Moreover, NKCAS was identified as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. We combined this with a variety of clinicopathological characteristics (age, M stage, and tumor grade) to construct a nomogram to predict the survival outcomes of patients. Moreover, the LRG showed higher immune cell infiltration, especially CD8+ T cells and NK cells. The risk score was negatively associated with inflammatory activities. Importantly, analysis of the independent immunotherapy cohort showed that the LRG had a better prognosis and immunotherapy response when compared with the HRG. The identification of NK cell marker genes in this study suggests potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, the developed predictive signatures and nomograms may aid in the clinical management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd East Road, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Fan Kong
- Department of Urology, The affiliated Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Liantangxiantong Road, Shenzhen, 518009, Luohu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ye
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd East Road, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd East Road, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ke Qu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd East Road, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Jia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd East Road, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Urology, The affiliated Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Liantangxiantong Road, Shenzhen, 518009, Luohu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liu C, Chen H, Cao S, Guo J, Liu Z, Long S. RNA-binding MSI proteins and their related cancers: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107044. [PMID: 38134522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Musashi1 and Musashi2 are RNA-binding proteins originally found in drosophila, in which they play a crucial developmental role. These proteins are pivotal in the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells in other organisms. Research has confirmed that the Musashi proteins are highly involved in cell signal-transduction pathways such as Notch and TGF-β. These signaling pathways are related to the induction and development of cancers, such as breast cancer, leukemia, hepatoma and liver cancer. In this review we focus on how Musashi proteins interact with molecules in different signaling pathways in various cancers and how they affect the physiological functions of these pathways. We further illustrate the status quo of Musashi proteins-targeted therapies and predict the target RNA regions that Musashi proteins interact with, in the hope of exploring the prospect of the design of Musashi protein-targeted medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Ju Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China.
| | - Sihui Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Wang W, Lu C, Zhang H. KLF4 suppresses the proliferation of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma by negatively regulating GDF15 and phosphorylating AKT. Oncol Rep 2023; 50:222. [PMID: 37937607 PMCID: PMC10652240 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel‑like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor which functions as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in numerous types of solid tumors. However, its expression levels and function in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, in order to investigate its roles in pCCA, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR), western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to detect KLF4 expression in pCCA. The Chi‑squared test was used to analyze the associations between KLF4 and the clinicopathological features of patients with pCCA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were subsequently used to analyze the prognostic significance of KLF4. The tumor suppression of KLF4 was investigated for the purposes of illustrating its biological function both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the association between KLF4 and growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was determined using pCCA tissue microarray (TMA) analysis and RT‑qPCR. The underlying molecular mechanisms between KLF4 and GDF15 were subsequently investigated in vitro. In pCCA tissues, KLF4 was found to be downregulated, and this was negatively associated with the histological grade and tumor size. The knockdown of KLF4 was also found to be a prognostic indicator of the poorer survival of patients with pCCA. Based on in vitro and in vivo analyses, KLF4 was found to suppress tumor progression and induce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, it was found that KLF4 executed its tumor suppressive effects via the regulation of the GDF15/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, the findings of the present study demonstrate that KLF4 may be considered as an independent biomarker of a favorable prognosis of patients with pCCA, and the KLF4/GDF15/AKT signaling pathway may potentially be a novel molecular therapeutic target for patients with pCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- General Surgery Center of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Wang
- General Surgery Center of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Lu
- General Surgery Center of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- General Surgery Center of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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4
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Meng X, Peng X, Ouyang W, Li H, Na R, Zhou W, You X, Li Y, Pu X, Zhang K, Xia J, Wang J, Zhuang G, Tang H, Peng Z. Musashi-2 Deficiency Triggers Colorectal Cancer Ferroptosis by Downregulating the MAPK Signaling Cascade to Inhibit HSPB1 Phosphorylation. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:32. [PMID: 38041016 PMCID: PMC10691036 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musashi-2 (MSI2) is a critical RNA-binding protein (RBP) whose ectopic expression drives the pathogenesis of various cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that inducing ferroptosis of tumor cells can inhibit their malignant biological behavior as a promising therapeutic approach. However, it is unclear whether MSI2 regulates cell death in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially the underlying mechanisms and biological effects in CRC ferroptosis remain elusive. METHODS Experimental methods including qRT‒PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, CCK-8, colony formation assay, in vitro cell transwell migration and invasion assays, in vivo xenograft tumor experiments, liver and lung CRC metastasis models, CAC mice models, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, histopathology, 4D label-free proteomics sequencing, bioinformatic and database analysis were used in this study. RESULTS Here, we investigated that MSI2 was upregulated in CRC and positively correlated with ferroptosis inhibitor molecules. MSI2 deficiency suppressed CRC malignancy by inhibiting cell proliferation, viability, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo; and MSI2 deficiency triggered CRC ferroptosis by changing the intracellular redox state (ROS levels and lipid peroxidation), erastin induced cell mortality and viability, iron homeostasis (intracellular total irons and ferrous irons), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and mitochondrial injury. Mechanistically, through 4D-lable free proteomics analysis on SW620 stable cell lines, we demonstrated that MSI2 directly interacted with p-ERK and MSI2 knockdown downregulated the p-ERK/p38/MAPK axis signaling pathway, which further repressed MAPKAPK2 and HPSB1 phosphorylation, leading to decreased expression of PCNA and Ki67 and increased expression of ACSL4 in cancer cells. Furthermore, HSPB1 could rescue the phenotypes of MSI2 deficiency on CRC ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that MSI2 deficiency suppresses the growth and survival of CRC cells and promotes ferroptosis by inactivating the MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit HSPB1 phosphorylation, which leads to downregulation of PCNA and Ki67 and upregulation of ACSL4 in cancer cells and subsequently induces redox imbalance, iron accumulation and mitochondrial shrinkage, ultimately triggering ferroptosis. Therefore, targeted inhibition of MSI2/MAPK/HSPB1 axis to promote ferroptosis might be a potential treatment strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Meng
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanxin Ouyang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Risi Na
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuting You
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Pu
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Huamei Tang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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5
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Alavi M, Mejia-Bautista A, Tang M, Bandovic J, Rosenberg AZ, Bialkowska AB. Krüppel-like Factor 5 Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pancreatitis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5427. [PMID: 38001687 PMCID: PMC10670257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis results in the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and poses a risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Our previous study demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is necessary for forming acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) in acute pancreatitis. Here, we investigated the role of KLF5 in response to chronic injury in the pancreas. Human tissues originating from chronic pancreatitis patients showed increased levels of epithelial KLF5. An inducible genetic model combining the deletion of Klf5 and the activation of KrasG12D mutant expression in pancreatic acinar cells together with chemically induced chronic pancreatitis was used. The chronic injury resulted in increased levels of KLF5 in both control and KrasG12D mutant mice. Furthermore, it led to numerous ADM and PanIN lesions and extensive fibrosis in the KRAS mutant mice. In contrast, pancreata with Klf5 loss (with or without KrasG12D) failed to develop ADM, PanIN, or significant fibrosis. Furthermore, the deletion of Klf5 reduced the expression level of cytokines and fibrotic components such as Il1b, Il6, Tnf, Tgfb1, Timp1, and Mmp9. Notably, using ChIP-PCR, we showed that KLF5 binds directly to the promoters of Il1b, Il6, and Tgfb1 genes. In summary, the inactivation of Klf5 inhibits ADM and PanIN formation and the development of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alavi
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Ana Mejia-Bautista
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Meiyi Tang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Jela Bandovic
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA;
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
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6
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Izdebska WM, Daniluk J, Niklinski J. Microbiome and MicroRNA or Long Non-Coding RNA-Two Modern Approaches to Understanding Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5643. [PMID: 37685710 PMCID: PMC10488817 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of humans' most common and fatal neoplasms. Nowadays, a number of PDAC studies are being conducted in two different fields: non-coding RNA (especially microRNA and long non-coding RNA) and microbiota. It has been recently discovered that not only does miRNA affect particular bacteria in the gut microbiome that can promote carcinogenesis in the pancreas, but the microbiome also has a visible impact on the miRNA. This suggests that it is possible to use the combined impact of the microbiome and noncoding RNA to suppress the development of PDAC. Nevertheless, insufficient research has focused on bounding both approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In this article, we summarize the recent literature on the molecular basis of carcinogenesis in the pancreas, the two-sided impact of particular types of non-coding RNA and the pancreatic cancer microbiome, and possible medical implications of the discovered phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Maria Izdebska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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7
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Sicking M, Falke I, Löblein MT, Eich HT, Götte M, Greve B, Troschel FM. The Musashi RNA-binding proteins in female cancers: insights on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic relevance. Biomark Res 2023; 11:76. [PMID: 37620963 PMCID: PMC10463710 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins have increasingly been identified as important regulators of gene expression given their ability to bind distinct RNA sequences and regulate their fate. Mounting evidence suggests that RNA-binding proteins are involved in the onset and progression of multiple malignancies, prompting increasing interest in their potential for therapeutic intervention.The Musashi RNA binding proteins Musashi-1 and Musashi-2 were initially identified as developmental factors of the nervous system but have more recently been found to be ubiquitously expressed in physiological tissues and may be involved in pathological cell behavior. Both proteins are increasingly investigated in cancers given dysregulation in multiple tumor entities, including in female malignancies. Recent data suggest that the Musashi proteins serve as cancer stem cell markers as they contribute to cancer cell proliferation and therapy resistance, prompting efforts to identify mechanisms to target them. However, as the picture remains incomplete, continuous efforts to elucidate their role in different signaling pathways remain ongoing.In this review, we focus on the roles of Musashi proteins in tumors of the female - breast, endometrial, ovarian and cervical cancer - as we aim to summarize current knowledge and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sicking
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabel Falke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria T Löblein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Th Eich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian M Troschel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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8
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Giarrizzo M, LaComb JF, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Krüppel-like Factors in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108589. [PMID: 37239940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors with three highly conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus. They regulate homeostasis, development, and disease progression in many tissues. It has been shown that KLFs play an essential role in the endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas. They are necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis and have been implicated in the development of diabetes. Furthermore, they can be a vital tool in enabling pancreas regeneration and disease modeling. Finally, the KLF family contains proteins that act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. A subset of members has a biphasic function, being upregulated in the early stages of oncogenesis and stimulating its progression and downregulated in the late stages to allow for tumor dissemination. Here, we describe KLFs' function in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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9
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Ferrari A, Fiocca R, Bonora E, Domizio C, Fonzi E, Angeli D, Domenico Raulli G, Mattioli S, Martinelli G, Molinari C. Detection of a Novel MSI2-C17orf64 Transcript in a Patient with Aggressive Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction: A Case Report. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040918. [PMID: 37107676 PMCID: PMC10137952 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (EAC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ-AC) is associated with poor prognosis, treatment resistance and limited systemic therapeutic options. To deeply understand the genomic landscape of this cancer type, and potentially identify a therapeutic target in a neoadjuvant chemotherapy non-responder 48-year-old man, we adopted a multi-omic approach. We simultaneously evaluated gene rearrangements, mutations, copy number status, microsatellite instability and tumor mutation burden. The patient displayed pathogenic mutations of the TP53 and ATM genes and variants of uncertain significance of three kinases genes (ERBB3, CSNK1A1 and RPS6KB2), along with FGFR2 and KRAS high copy number amplification. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis revealed the Musashi-2 (MSI2)-C17orf64 fusion that has never been reported before. Rearrangements of the RNA-binding protein MSI2 with a number of partner genes have been described across solid and hematological tumors. MSI2 regulates several biological processes involved in cancer initiation, development and resistance to treatment, and deserves further investigation as a potential therapeutic target. In conclusion, our extensive genomic characterization of a gastroesophageal tumor refractory to all therapeutic approaches led to the discovery of the MSI2-C17orf64 fusion. The results underlie the importance of deep molecular analyses enabling the identification of novel patient-specific markers to be monitored during therapy or even targeted at disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ferrari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Roberto Fiocca
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16125 Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16125 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Domizio
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eugenio Fonzi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Davide Angeli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Mattioli
- GVM Care & Research Group, Division of Thoracic Surgery-Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48022 Cotignola, RA, Italy
- Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Chiara Molinari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
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10
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He Z, He J, Xie K. KLF4 transcription factor in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:118. [PMID: 37031197 PMCID: PMC10082813 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcriptional factor is important in maintaining cellular functions. Deletion of Krüppel-like transcriptional factor usually causes abnormal embryonic development and even embryonic death. KLF4 is a prominent member of this family, and embryonic deletion of KLF4 leads to alterations in skin permeability and postnatal death. In addition to its important role in embryo development, it also plays a critical role in inflammation and malignancy. It has been investigated that KLF4 has a regulatory role in a variety of cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, ovarian, esophageal, bladder and brain cancer. However, the role of KLF4 in tumorigenesis is complex, which may link to its unique structure with both transcriptional activation and transcriptional repression domains, and to the regulation of its upstream and downstream signaling molecules. In this review, we will summarize the structural and functional aspects of KLF4, with a focus on KLF4 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in different types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong He
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Agrawal R, Natarajan KN. Oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:251-283. [PMID: 37268398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common (∼90% cases) pancreatic neoplasm and one of the most lethal cancer among all malignances. PDAC harbor aberrant oncogenic signaling that may result from the multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations such as the mutation in driver genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, p53), genomic amplification of regulatory genes (MYC, IGF2BP2, ROIK3), deregulation of chromatin-modifying proteins (HDAC, WDR5) among others. A key event is the formation of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) that often results from the activating mutation in KRAS. Mutated KRAS can direct a variety of signaling pathways and modulate downstream targets including MYC, which play an important role in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss recent literature shedding light on the origins of PDAC from the perspective of major oncogenic signaling pathways. We highlight how MYC directly and indirectly, with cooperation with KRAS, affect epigenetic reprogramming and metastasis. Additionally, we summarize the recent findings from single cell genomic approaches that highlight heterogeneity in PDAC and tumor microenvironment, and provide molecular avenues for PDAC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agrawal
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Ervin EH, French R, Chang CH, Pauklin S. Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:48-83. [PMID: 36347438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is largely determined by its transcriptional profile. In tumour, deregulation of transcription factor expression and/or activity enables cancer cell to acquire a stem-like state characterised by capacity to self-renew, differentiate and form tumours in vivo. These stem-like cancer cells are highly metastatic and therapy resistant, thus warranting a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms downstream of the transcription factors that mediate the establishment of stemness state. Here, we review recent research findings that provide a mechanistic link between the commonly deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. In particular, we describe the role of master transcription factors (SOX, OCT4, NANOG, KLF, BRACHYURY, SALL, HOX, FOX and RUNX), signalling-regulated transcription factors (SMAD, β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, AP-1, NOTCH, STAT, GLI, ETS and NF-κB) and unclassified transcription factors (c-MYC, HIF, EMT transcription factors and P53) across diverse tumour types, thereby yielding a comprehensive overview identifying shared downstream targets, highlighting unique mechanisms and discussing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle-Helene Ervin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon French
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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13
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Li H, Meng X, You X, Zhou W, Ouyang W, Pu X, Zhao R, Tang H. Increased expression of the RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 is associated with immune infiltration and predicts better outcomes in ccRCC patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949705. [PMID: 36338702 PMCID: PMC9634258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) mainly contribute to abnormalities in posttranscriptional gene regulation. The RBP Musashi-2, an evolutionarily conserved protein, has been characterized as an oncoprotein in various tumors. However, the prognostic value and potential roles of Musashi-2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that Musashi-2 was mainly expressed in the normal distal tubular cells and collecting duct cells of the kidneys, while its expression was significantly decreased in ccRCC. And higher expression levels of Musashi-2 indicated better overall survival (OS) in ccRCC. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PD-L1 expression was negatively correlated with Musashi-2 expression, and Musashi-2 was found to be remarkably correlated with multiple immune cells and immune inhibitors, including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, PDCD1, CTLA4, Foxp3, and LAG3. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that Musashi-2 might be involved in ccRCC metabolic reprogramming and immune infiltration and further predicted the therapeutic sensitivity of ccRCC. Taken together, Musashi-2 is a prognostic biomarker for ccRCC patients that may provide novel insights into individualized treatment strategies and guide effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaole Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuting You
- Department of Pathology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanxin Ouyang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Pu
- Department of Pathology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Runan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Luo DD, Zhao F. KLF4 suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells via inhibition of MSI2 and regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Transl Oncol 2022; 22:101396. [PMID: 35580385 PMCID: PMC9117691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF4 is downregulated, while MSI2 is upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Overexpression of KLF4 suppresses NSCLC cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of MSI2 suppresses the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. KLF4 inhibits the transcription of MSI2 in NSCLC cells. KLF4 suppressed the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains an aggresive tumor with poor survival rates. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is known to be involved in progression of NSCLC; however, the detailed mechanism by which KLF4 regulates the progression of NSCLC remains unclear. Methods In order to investigate the function of KLF4 in NSCLC, cell proliferation was measured by MTT and colony formation assays. The migration and invasion of NSCLC cells were detected via wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Then, the interaction between KLF4 and MSI2 was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the mechanism by which KLF4 regulates the tumorigenesis of NSCLC was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results The results showed that KLF4 was downregulated, while MSI2 was upregulated in NSCLC. Additionally, KLF4 could inhibit transcription of MSI2, and overexpression of KLF4 or knockdown of MSI2 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Moreover, KLF4 could inhibit JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Conclusions In conclusion, KLF4 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells via inactivation of MSI2/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Thereby, our finding might shed new lights on exploring the new strategies against NSCLC.
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15
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RNA-binding proteins and cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:748-768. [PMID: 35339667 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate gene expression through post-transcriptionally influencing all manner of RNA biology, including alternative splicing (AS), polyadenylation, stability, and translation of mRNAs, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) processing. There is accumulating evidence reinforcing the perception that dysregulation or dysfunction of RBPs can lead to various human diseases, including cancers. RBPs influence diverse cancer-associated cellular phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, contributing to the initiation and development of tumors, as well as clinical prognosis. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related recurrence and death. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind tumor metastasis. In fact, a growing body of published research has proved that RBPs play pivotal roles in cancer metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances for helping us understand the role of RBPs in tumor metastasis, and discuss dysfunctions and dysregulations of RBPs affecting metastasis-associated processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Furthermore, we will discuss emerging RBP-based strategy for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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16
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[Advances in research of Musashi2 in solid tumors]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:448-456. [PMID: 35426812 PMCID: PMC9010998 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.03.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
RNA binding protein (RBP) plays a key role in gene regulation and participate in RNA translation, modification, splicing, transport and other important biological processes. Studies have shown that abnormal expression of RBP is associated with a variety of diseases. The Musashi (Msi) family of mammals is an evolutionarily conserved and powerful RBP, whose members Msi1 and Msi2 play important roles in the regulation of stem cell activity and tumor development. The Msi family members regulate a variety of biological processes by binding and regulating mRNA translation, stability and downstream cell signaling pathways, and among them, Msi2 is closely related to embryonic growth and development, maintenance of tumor stem cells and development of hematological tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown that Msi2 also plays a crucial role in the development of solid tumors, mainly by affecting the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of tumors, involving Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD3, Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Numb and their related signaling pathways (Notch, p53, and Hedgehog pathway). Preclinical studies of Msi2 gene as a therapeutic target for tumor have achieved preliminary results. This review summarizes the molecular structure, physiological function, role of Msi2 in the development and progression of various solid tumors and the signaling pathways involved.
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17
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MiR-135b-5p is an oncogene in pancreatic cancer to regulate GPRC5A expression by targeting transcription factor KLF4. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35027543 PMCID: PMC8758781 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
KLF4 is implicated in tumor progression of pancreatic cancer, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of KLF4 needs to be further specified. We aimed to probe molecular regulatory mechanism of KLF4 in malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. qRT-PCR or western blot was completed to test levels of predicted genes. Dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were designed to validate binding between genes. Cell viability and oncogenicity detection were used for in vitro and vivo functional assessment. KLF4 was a downstream target of miR-135b-5p. KLF4 could regulate GPRC5A level. MiR-135b-5p was notably increased in cancer cells, and overexpressing KLF4 functioned a tumor repressive role, which could be restored by miR-135b-5p. Besides, cell malignant phenotypes could be inhibited through reducing miR-135b-5p level, but they were restored by GPRC5A. Our results stressed that KLF4, as a vital target of miR-135b-5p, could influence promoter region of GPRC5A, thus affecting the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.
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18
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Feng L, Wang J, Zhang J, Diao J, He L, Fu C, Liao H, Xu X, Gao Y, Zhou C. Comprehensive Analysis of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Reveals Ring Finger Protein 223 as a Novel Oncogene Activated by KLF4 in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:738709. [PMID: 34722520 PMCID: PMC8551701 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the major malignancies and causes of mortality worldwide. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases transfer activated ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to protein substrates and confer substrate specificity in cancer. In this study, we first downloaded data from The Cancer Genome Atlas pancreatic adenocarcinoma dataset, acquired all 27 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and identified genomic alterations. Then, the prognostic significance of DEGs was analyzed, and eight DEGs (MECOM, CBLC, MARCHF4, RNF166, TRIM46, LONRF3, RNF39, and RNF223) and two clinical parameters (pathological N stage and T stage) exhibited prognostic significance. RNF223 showed independent significance as an unfavorable prognostic marker and was chosen for subsequent analysis. Next, the function of RNF223 in the pancreatic cancer cell lines ASPC-1 and PANC-1 was investigated, and RNF223 silencing promoted pancreatic cancer growth and migration. To explore the potential targets and pathways of RNF223 in pancreatic cancer, quantitative proteomics was applied to analyze differentially expressed proteins, and metabolism-related pathways were primarily enriched. Finally, the reason for the elevated expression of RNF223 was analyzed, and KLF4 was shown to contribute to the increased expression of RNF233. In conclusion, this study comprehensively analyzed the clinical significance of E3 ligases. Functional assays revealed that RNF223 promotes cancer by regulating cell metabolism. Finally, the elevated expression of RNF223 was attributed to KLF4-mediated transcriptional activation. This study broadens our knowledge regarding E3 ubiquitin ligases and signal transduction and provides novel markers and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfang Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Chaoyi Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenjie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dual Knockdown of Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 and MSI-2 Attenuates Putative Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics and Therapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111502. [PMID: 34768932 PMCID: PMC8584030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, therapy resistance mechanisms complicate cancer cell eradication. Targeting Musashi RNA-binding proteins (MSI) may increase therapeutic efficacy. Database analyses were performed to identify gene expression associations between MSI proteins and key therapy resistance and cancer stem cell (CSC) genes. Then, ovarian cancer cells were subjected to siRNA-based dual knockdown of MSI-1 and MSI-2. CSC and cell cycle gene expression was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blots, and flow cytometry. Metabolic activity and chemoresistance were assessed by MTT assay. Clonogenic assays were used to quantify cell survival post-irradiation. Database analyses demonstrated positive associations between MSI proteins and putative CSC markers NOTCH, MYC, and ALDH4A1 and negative associations with NOTCH inhibitor NUMB. MSI-2 expression was negatively associated with the apoptosis regulator p21. MSI-1 and MSI-2 were positively correlated, informing subsequent dual knockdown experiments. After MSI silencing, CSC genes were downregulated, while cell cycle progression was reduced. Metabolic activity was decreased in some cancer cells. Both chemo- and radioresistance were reduced after dual knockdown, suggesting therapeutic potential. Dual knockdown of MSI proteins is a promising venue to impede tumor growth and sensitize ovarian cancer cells to irradiation and chemotherapy.
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Veronez LC, das Chagas PF, Corrêa CAP, Baroni M, da Silva KR, Nagano LF, Borges KS, Queiroz RGP, Tone LG, Scrideli CA. MSI2 expression in adrenocortical carcinoma: Association with unfavorable prognosis and correlation with steroid and immune-related pathways. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1925-1935. [PMID: 34581457 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, but highly aggressive cancer of the adrenal cortex with a generally poor prognosis. Despite being rare, completely resected ACCs present a high risk of recurrence. Musashi-2 (MSI2) has recently been recognized as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in many cancers. However, no studies have evaluated the clinical significance of MSI2 expression in ACC. Here, we addressed MSI2 expression and its association with ACC prognosis and clinicopathological parameters. MSI2 expression was analyzed in TCGA, GSE12368, GSE33371, and GSE49278 ACC datasets; and its correlation with other genes and immune cell infiltration were investigated by using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and TIMER databases, respectively. Enrichment analysis was performed with the DAVID Functional Annotation Tool. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox regression analyses were used to explore the prognostic role of MSI2 in ACC. Our findings demonstrated the potential value of MSI2 overexpression as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with completely resected ACC (hazard ratio 6.715, 95% confidence interval 1.266 - 35.620, p =.025). In addition, MSI2 overexpression was associated with characteristics of unfavorable prognosis, such as cortisol excess (p = .002), recurrence (p =.003), and death (p =.015); positively correlated with genes related to steroid biosynthesis (p < .05); and negatively correlated with immune-related pathways (p < .05). Our findings demonstrate that MSI2 has value as a prognostic marker for completely resected ACC and reinforce the investigation of its role as a possible therapeutic target for patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo F das Chagas
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina A P Corrêa
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirella Baroni
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keteryne R da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis F Nagano
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kleiton S Borges
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosane G P Queiroz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Prognostic role and biologic features of Musashi-2 expression in colon polyps and during colorectal cancer progression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252132. [PMID: 34237057 PMCID: PMC8266110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) controls the translation of proteins that support stem cell identity and lineage determination and is associated with progression in some cancers. We assessed MSI2 as potential clinical biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) and tubulovillous adenoma (TA) of colon mucosa. Methods We assessed 125 patients, of whom 20 had polyps of the colon (TAs), and 105 had CRC. Among 105 patients with CRC, 45 had stages I-III; among metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients, 31 had synchronous and 29 metachronous liver metastases. We used immunohistochemistry to measure MSI2 expression in matching specimens of normal tissue versus TAs, primary CRC tumors, and metastases, correlating expression to clinical outcomes. We analyzed the biological effects of depleting MSI2 expression in human CRC cells. Results MSI2 expression was significantly elevated in polyps versus primary tissue, and further significantly elevated in primary tumors and metastases. MSI2 expression correlated with decreased progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), higher tumor grade, and right-side localization (p = 0.004) of tumors. In metastases, high MSI2 expression correlated with E-cadherin expression. Knockdown of MSI2 in CRC cells suppressed proliferation, survival and clonogenic capacity, and decreased expression of TGFβ1, E-cadherin, and ZO1. Conclusion Elevated expression of MSI2 is associated with pre-cancerous TAs in the colonic mucosa, suggesting it is an early event in transformation. MSI2 expression is further elevated during CRC progression, and associated with poor prognosis. Depletion of MSI2 reduces CRC cell growth. These data imply a causative role of MSI2 overexpression at multiple stages of CRC formation and progression.
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22
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhu XQ, Wang ZF, Wu XL, Zhou CH, Yan JY, Hu BY, Kong B, Fu DL, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin LX, Dong QZ. The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:249. [PMID: 34219130 PMCID: PMC8255319 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis. Due to the high heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer, patients benefit little from current conventional therapy. Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification, thus expanding clinical therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression. We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies. We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Fang Wang
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key laboratory of whole-period monitoring and precise intervention of digestive cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Shanghai, China.
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23
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Palacios F, Yan XJ, Ferrer G, Chen SS, Vergani S, Yang X, Gardner J, Barrientos JC, Rock P, Burack R, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Kharas MG, Abdel-Wahab O, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N. Musashi 2 influences chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell survival and growth making it a potential therapeutic target. Leukemia 2021; 35:1037-1052. [PMID: 33504942 PMCID: PMC8024198 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results from the expansion of a small fraction of proliferating leukemic B cells. When comparing the global gene expression of recently divided CLL cells with that of previously divided cells, we found higher levels of genes involved in regulating gene expression. One of these was the oncogene Musashi 2 (MSI2), an RNA-binding protein that induces or represses translation. While there is an established role for MSI2 in normal and malignant stem cells, much less is known about its expression and role in CLL. Here we report for the first time ex vivo and in vitro experiments that MSI2 protein levels are higher in dividing and recently divided leukemic cells and that downregulating MSI2 expression or blocking its function eliminates primary human and murine CLL and mature myeloid cells. Notably, mature T cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are not affected. We also confirm that higher MSI2 levels correlate with poor outcome markers, shorter time-to-first-treatment, and overall survival. Thus, our data highlight an important role for MSI2 in CLL-cell survival and proliferation and associate MSI2 with poor prognosis in CLL patients. Collectively, these findings pinpoint MSI2 as a potentially valuable therapeutic target in CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Prognosis
- RNA, Small Interfering
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Palacios
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Jie Yan
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Gerardo Ferrer
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Vergani
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gardner
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaqueline C Barrientos
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset and New Hyde Park, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Philip Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard Burack
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset and New Hyde Park, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Steven L Allen
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset and New Hyde Park, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kanti R Rai
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset and New Hyde Park, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset and New Hyde Park, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Sun J, Sheng W, Ma Y, Dong M. Potential Role of Musashi-2 RNA-Binding Protein in Cancer EMT. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1969-1980. [PMID: 33762829 PMCID: PMC7982713 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s298438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Local invasion and distant metastasis are the key hallmarks in the aggressive progression of malignant tumors, including the ability of cancer cells to detach from the extracellular matrix overcome apoptosis, and disseminate into distant sites. It is generally believed that this malignant behavior is stimulated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Musashi (MSI) RNA-binding proteins, belonging to the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins (RBP) family, were originally discovered to regulate asymmetric cell division during embryonic development. Recently, Musashi-2 (MSI2), as a key member of MSI family, has been prevalently reported to be tightly associated with the advanced clinical stage of several cancers. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways mediated by MSI2 play vital roles in EMT. Here, we systematically reviewed the detailed role and signal networks of MSI2 in regulating cancer development, especially in EMT signal transduction, involving EGF, TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Sheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuteng Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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25
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Topchu I, Karnaukhov N, Mazitova A, Yugai V, Voloshin M, Tikhomirova M, Kit O, Frantsiyants E, Kharin L, Airapetova T, Ratner E, Sabirov A, Abramova Z, Serebriiskii I, Boumber Y, Deneka A. Musashi 2 (MSI2) expression as an independent prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1370-1379. [PMID: 33841930 PMCID: PMC8024834 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Musashi-2 (MSI2) is a member of RNA-binding protein family that regulates mRNA translation of numerous intracellular targets and influences maintenance of stem cell identity. This study assessed MSI2 as a potential clinical biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The current study included 40 patients with NSCLC, of whom one presented with stage 1, 14 presented with stage II, 15 presented with stage III, and 10 patients had stage IV. All patients received standard of care treatments. All patient samples were obtained before treatment started. We used immunohistochemical (IHC) approach to measure MSI2 protein expression in matching specimens of normal lung versus tumor tissues, and primary versus metastatic tumors, followed by correlative analysis in relation to clinical outcomes. In parallel, clinical correlative analysis of MSI2 mRNA expression was performed in silico using publicly available datasets (TCGA/ICGC and KM plots). Results MSI2 protein expression in patient samples was significantly elevated in NSCLC primary tumors versus normal lung tissue (P=0.03). MSI2 elevated expression positively correlated with a decreased progression free survival (PFS) (P=0.026) combined for all stages and with overall survival (OS) at stage IV (P=0.013). Elevated MSI2 expression on RNA level was confirmed in primary tumor versus normal tissue samples in TCGA dataset (P<0.0001), and positively correlated with decreased OS (P=0.02). No correlation was observed between MSI2 expression and age, sex, smoking, and treatment type. Conclusions Elevated MSI2 expression in primary NSCLC tumors is associated with poor prognosis and can be used as a novel potential prognostic biomarker in NSCLC patients. Future studies in an extended patient cohort are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Topchu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai Karnaukhov
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Mazitova
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Mark Voloshin
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | | | - Oleg Kit
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Frantsiyants
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Kharin
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Tamara Airapetova
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Ratner
- Tatarstan Regional Clinical Cancer Center, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Sabirov
- Tatarstan Regional Clinical Cancer Center, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Iliya Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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26
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Guo QQ, Gao J, Wang XW, Yin XL, Zhang SC, Li X, Chi LL, Zhou XM, Wang Z, Zhang QY. RNA-Binding Protein MSI2 Binds to miR-301a-3p and Facilitates Its Distribution in Mitochondria of Endothelial Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:609828. [PMID: 33553241 PMCID: PMC7859344 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.609828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous miRNAs have been detected in mitochondria, which play important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the dynamic changes of miRNA distribution in mitochondria and their mechanisms in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endothelial injury remain unclear. Therefore, miRNA levels in whole cells and mitochondria of H2O2-treated endothelial cells were analyzed by small RNA sequencing in the present study. The results showed that H2O2 significantly reduced the relative mitochondrial distribution of dozens of miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among the high-abundance miRNAs, miR-301a-3p has the most significant changes in the redistribution between cytosol and mitochondria confirmed by absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To unravel the mechanism of miR-301a-3p distribution in mitochondria, RNA pull-down followed by label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed, and RNA-binding protein Musashi RNA binding protein 2 (MSI2) was found to specifically bind to miR-301a-3p. Western blotting and immunofluorescence colocalization assay showed that MSI2 was located in mitochondria of various cell types. H2O2 significantly downregulated MSI2 expression in whole endothelial cells, promoted the distribution of MSI2 in cytosol and decreased its distribution in the mitochondria. Moreover, overexpression of MSI2 increased the mitochondrial distribution of miR-301a-3p, whereas inhibition of MSI2 decreased its distribution in mitochondria. Thus, MSI2 might be responsible for the distribution of miR-301a-3p between cytosol and mitochondria in endothelial cells. Our findings revealed for the first time that MSI2 was involved in the regulation of miRNA distribution in mitochondria and provided valuable insight into the mechanism of mitochondrial distribution of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xian Lun Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Cui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lian Li Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Ming Zhou
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Division of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Ye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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27
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Emerging roles of the long non-coding RNA 01296/microRNA-143-3p/MSI2 axis in development of thyroid cancer. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221036. [PMID: 31693087 PMCID: PMC6881211 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is an endocrine malignancy with rising incidence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for TC. Thus, we studied roles of LINC01296 in TC progression. Initially, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to detect the differentially expressed genes in human TC samples and the potential mechanism. Expression of LINC01296 and miR-143-3p in TC tissues and cells was measured. The transfection of TC cells was conducted with si-LINC01296, si-Musashi 2 (MSI2), mimic or inhibitor of miR-143-3p to determine their effects on TC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway. Finally, in vivo assay was performed to verify role of miR-143-3p in tumorigenesis of TC cells in nude mice. LINC01296 was predicted to bind to miR-143-3p to modulate MSI2 expression, thus regulating the occurrence and development of TC. LINC01296 was up-regulated, while miR-143-3p was down-regulated in TC cells and tissues. LNC01296 specifically bound to miR-143-3p and MSI2 was a target of miR-143-3p. Besides, LINC01296 silencing or miR-143-3p overexpression inhibited migration, invasion, proliferation and advanced apoptosis of TC cells. Additionally, silenced LINC01296 or overexpressed miR-143-3p reduced phosphorylated STAT3/STAT3, phosphorylated AKT/AKT, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and CyclinD1 levels but elevated BCL2-associated X (Bax), Cleaved Caspase3 and Caspase3 levels. Also, tumorigenesis of TC cells in nude mice was inhibited with the silencing of LINC01296. In summary, LINC01296/miR-143-3p/MSI2 axis regulated development of TC through the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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28
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Wu C, Wu Z, Tian B. Five gene signatures were identified in the prediction of overall survival in resectable pancreatic cancer. BMC Surg 2020; 20:207. [PMID: 32943033 PMCID: PMC7499920 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although genes have been previously detected in pancreatic cancer (PC), aberrant genes that play roles in resectable pancreatic cancer should be further assessed. Methods Messenger RNA samples and clinicopathological data corrected with PC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Resectable PC patients were randomly divided into a primary set and a validation set. Univariable Cox regression analysis, lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis, and multivariable Cox analysis were implemented to distinguish survival-related genes (SRGs). A risk score based on the SRGs was calculated by univariable Cox regression analysis. A genomic-clinical nomogram was established by integrating the risk score and clinicopathological data to predict overall survival (OS) in resectable PC. Results Five survival-related genes (AADAC, DEF8, HIST1H1C, MET, and CHFR) were significantly correlated with OS in resectable PC. The resectable PC patients, based on risk score, were sorted into a high-risk group that showed considerably unfavorable OS (p < 0.001) than the low-risk group, in both the primary set and the validation set. The concordance index (C-index) was calculated to evaluate the predictive performance of the nomogram were respectively in the primary set [0.696 (0.608–0.784)] and the validation set [0.682 (0.606–0.758)]. Additionally, gene set enrichment Analysis discovered several meaningful enriched pathways. Conclusion Our study identified five prognostic gene biomarkers for OS prediction and which facilitate postoperative molecular target therapy for the resectable PC, especially the nomic-clinical nomogram which may be used as an effective model for the postoperative OS evaluation and also an optimal therapeutic tool for the resectable PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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29
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Fan X, Liu L, Shi Y, Guo F, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhong D, Li G. Integrated analysis of RNA-binding proteins in human colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:222. [PMID: 32828126 PMCID: PMC7443297 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although RNA-binding proteins play an essential role in a variety of different tumours, there are still limited efforts made to systematically analyse the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods Analysis of CRC transcriptome data collected from the TCGA database was conducted, and RBPs were extracted from CRC. R software was applied to analyse the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of RBPs. To identify related pathways and perform functional annotation of RBP DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out using the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of these DEGs were analysed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Based on the Cox regression analysis of the prognostic value of RBPs (from the PPI network) with survival time, the RBPs related to survival were identified, and a prognostic model was constructed. To verify the model, the data stored in the TCGA database were designated as the training set, while the chip data obtained from the GEO database were treated as the test set. Then, both survival analysis and ROC curve verification were conducted. Finally, the risk curves and nomograms of the two groups were generated to predict the survival period. Results Among RBP DEGs, 314 genes were upregulated while 155 were downregulated, of which twelve RBPs (NOP14, MRPS23, MAK16, TDRD6, POP1, TDRD5, TDRD7, PPARGC1A, LIN28B, CELF4, LRRFIP2, MSI2) with prognostic value were obtained. Conclusions The twelve identified genes may be promising predictors of CRC and play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, further investigation of the underlying mechanism is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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30
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RNA-binding protein Musashi2 regulates Hippo signaling via SAV1 and MOB1 in pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol 2020; 37:84. [PMID: 32780197 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Musashi 2 (MSI2), a member of the Musashi RNA-binding family, is reported to be an oncoprotein in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but the mechanisms of MSI2 in the development and progression of PDAC have not been fully demonstrated. In this research, we studied the clinical significance, biologic effects and the underlying mechanism of MSI2 in the progression of PDAC. The expression of MSI2, Mps-binding protein 1 (MOB1) and Salvador family WW domain-containing protein 1 (SAV1) in PDAC tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically. The biologic effects of MSI2 regarding PDAC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were studied using gain- and loss-of-function assays. MSI2 regulated Hippo signaling pathway via SAV1 and MOB1 was tested in several PDAC cell lines, and the mechanisms were studied using molecular biologic methods. The expression of MSI2 was significantly increased in PDAC cell lines and tissues, and positively associated with tumor poorer differentiation, lymph nodes metastasis and TNM stages. Overexpression of MSI2 promoted PDAC cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Further studies demonstrated that MSI2 regulated the Hippo signaling pathway via directly binding to the mRNAs of SAV1 and MOB1, and controlled the translation and stability of SAV1 and the translation of MOB1. This study demonstrated that MSI2 regulated the Hippo signaling pathway via suppressing SAV1 and MOB1 at post-transcriptional level and promoted PDAC progression.
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Knockdown of MSI2 inhibits metastasis by interacting with caveolin-1 and inhibiting its ubiquitylation in human NF1-MPNST cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 32606289 PMCID: PMC7326958 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive Schwann cell-derived sarcomas, and they are either associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or sporadic. Our previous study found that high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) regulates NF1-MPNST growth through Musashi-2 (MSI2); however, whether MSI2 regulates MPNST metastasis and what the mechanism is remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the protein caveolin-1 (CAV1) directly interacts with MSI2 in human NF1-MPNST cells. Moreover, we discovered that knockdown of MSI2 induces CAV1 protein expression by inhibiting its ubiquitylation level in NF1-MPNSTs. In addition, CAV1 mediates the suppressive function of MSI2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. These results help to reveal the potential mechanisms of MSI2 as a target of antimetastatic treatment for human NF1-MPNST.
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32
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KLF4-mediated upregulation of CD9 and CD81 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma development via JNK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:299. [PMID: 32350244 PMCID: PMC7190708 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 frequently serve as the surface markers of exosomes, which are involved in intercellular communication during tumor progression. KLF4 is a well-known tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study aims to investigate the relationship between KLF4 and CD9/CD81 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results showed that CD9 and CD81 were transcriptionally activated by KLF4 in HCC cell lines. Decreased expressions of CD9 and CD81 were found in most HCC tumor tissues and predicted advanced stages. Furthermore, KLF4 expression was positively associated with CD9 and CD81 expression in HCC specimens. Functionally, overexpression of CD9 and CD81 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and silencing CD9 and CD81 displayed opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, we found that JNK signaling pathway may be involved in the growth suppression mediated by CD9 and CD81. In addition, increased expression of KLF4, CD9 or CD81 had no obvious impact on exosome secretion from HCC cells. Collectively, we identified CD9 and CD81 as new transcriptional targets of KLF4 and the dysregulated KLF4-CD9/CD81-JNK signaling contributes to HCC development. Our findings will provide new promising targets against this disease.
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Wang M, Sun XY, Zhou YC, Zhang KJ, Lu YZ, Liu J, Huang YC, Wang GZ, Jiang S, Zhou GB. Suppression of Musashi‑2 by the small compound largazole exerts inhibitory effects on malignant cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1274-1283. [PMID: 32319553 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA‑binding protein Musashi‑2 (MSI2) serves as a regulator of numerous pivotal biological processes associated with cancer initiation, development and resistance to treatment, and may represent a promising drug target. However, whether MSI2 inhibition is of value in antitumor treatment remains to be determined. The present study demonstrated that MSI2 was upregulated in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and was inversely associated with the clinical outcome of the patients. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the small compound largazole binds to and may be a potential inhibitor of MSI2. Largazole markedly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of MSI2 and suppressed its downstream mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Largazole also inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of NSCLC and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells (including bone marrow mononuclear cells harvested from CML patients). These results indicate that MSI2 is an emerging therapeutic target for NSCLC and CML, and the MSI2 inhibitor largazole may hold promise as a treatment for these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Chao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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Zhao R, Liu Z, Xu W, Song L, Ren H, Ou Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Helicobacter pylori infection leads to KLF4 inactivation in gastric cancer through a TET1-mediated DNA methylation mechanism. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2551-2563. [PMID: 32017451 PMCID: PMC7131848 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has a tumor suppressor role in the progression of gastric cancer (GC), and inhibition or loss of KLF4 expression was identified in GC. The aim of this study was to explore the new molecular mechanism of KLF4 inactivation in gastric cancer. Herein, we report that Helicobacter pylori infection or Cag pathogenicity island protein A (CagA) gene transduction resulted in KLF4 expression downregulation and promoted gastric epithelial cell and gastric cancel cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Mechanistically, we found that CagA gene transduction led to DNA methylation of the KLF4 promoter, an effect that was relevant to the significant downregulation of TET1 expression. Causally, knockdown of TET1 expression decreased KLF4 expression, whereas overexpression of TET1 had the opposite effect. Clinically, we found that KLF4 expression and the 5-hmC levels were lower in GC cells with H pylori infection than in GC cells without H pylori infection. Thus, our study not only sheds new light on how H pylori infection promotes the progression of GC but also elucidates a novel mechanism of KLF4 inactivation in GC pathogenesis. During pathogenesis, an alteration in the H pylori/CagA-TET1-KLF4 signaling pathway plays a critical role, suggesting that this pathway may be a prospective target for gastric carcinoma intervention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengxia Liu
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Le Song
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haifeng Ren
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chagas PF, Baroni M, Brassesco MS, Tone LG. Interplay between the RNA binding‐protein Musashi and developmental signaling pathways. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3136. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ferreira Chagas
- Department of GeneticsRibeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mirella Baroni
- Department of GeneticsRibeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of GeneticsRibeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
- Department of PediatricsRibeirão Preto Medical School São Paulo
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36
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Liu L, Liu FB, Huang M, Xie K, Xie QS, Liu CH, Shen MJ, Huang Q. Circular RNA ciRS-7 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer by regulating miR-7-mediated EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:580-586. [PMID: 30898507 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most deadly type of tumor, and its pathogenesis remains unknown. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may be functional and bind to microRNAs and consequently, influence the activity of targeted mRNAs. Recent researches indicate that one circRNA, ciRS-7, acts as a sponge of miR-7 and thus, inhibits its activity. It is well known that miR-7 is a cancer suppressor in many cancers. However, the relationship between ciRS-7 and miR-7, and the role of ciRS-7 in PDAC, remains to be elucidated. METHODS miR-7 and ciRS-7 expression in 41 pairs of PDAC tumors and their paracancerous tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationships between their expression levels and clinicopathological features in PDAC tissues were assessed. The relationship between miR-7 and ciRS-7 was also assessed by Spearman's correlation. We also used cell lines to evaluate the role of ciRS-7 in cell line behavior. The ciRS-7 interfere RNA (siRNA) and its empty vector were transfected into PDAC cells. PDAC cells proliferation and invasion abilities were detected by MTT assay and invasion analysis. The expression of proteins was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS ciRS-7 expression was significantly higher in PDAC tissues than paracancerous tissues (P = 0.002). However, miR-7 expression showed the opposite trend (P = 0.048). Moreover, ciRS-7 expression was inversely correlated with miR-7 in PDAC (rs = -0.353, P = 0.023). ciRS-7 expression was also significantly elevated in venous invasion (3.72 ± 2.93 vs. 2.14 ± 1.26; P = 0.028) and lymph node metastasis (4.19 ± 2.75 vs. 2.32 ± 1.90; P = 0.016) in PDAC patients. Furthermore, ciRS-7 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and invasion of PDAC cells (P < 0.05), and the downregulation of ciRS-7 resulted in miR-7 overexpression and subsequent inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). CONCLUSIONS Circular RNA ciRS-7 plays an oncogene role in PDAC, partly by targeting miR-7 and regulating the EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Fu-Bao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qing-Song Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chen-Hai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Min-Jing Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei 230001, China; Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China.
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37
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Wang ZL, Wang C, Liu W, Ai ZL. Upregulation of microRNA-143-3p induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation, invasion, and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by targeting MSI2. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 112:104342. [PMID: 31738908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a tumor-associated biological molecule, microRNA-143-3p (miR-143-3p) is implicated in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We conducted this study to elucidate the effects of miR-143-3p mediated by Musashi RNA binding protein 2 (MSI2) on the biological activities of PTC cells. The K1 cells with the lowest miR-143-3p expression were selected for the experiments. The targeting relationship between miR-143-3p and MSI2 was verified. The biological functions of miR-143-3p and MSI2 with respect to K1 cell proliferation, cycle distribution, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis were studied using gain- and loss-of-function assays both in vitro and in vivo. MSI2 was verified to be a target gene of miR-143-3p. Cells treated with upregulation of miR-143-3p or silencing of MSI2 exhibited significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2, PCNA, MCM2, Ki67, MSI2, MMP-2, and MMP-9. This was accompanied by inhibited cell proliferation, cell invasion, and migration, as well as a significant increase in Bax expression, cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis. More importantly, the tumor inhibitory effects of upregulated miR-143-3p were also confirmed in the tumor xenografts in nude mice. Our results indicate that upregulation of miR-143-3p suppresses the progression of PTC by impeding cell growth, invasion, and migration via downregulation of MSI2, highlighting the potential of miR-143-3p as a target for future PTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Lin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhi-Long Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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38
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Lan L, Xing M, Kashipathy M, Douglas J, Gao P, Battaile K, Hanzlik R, Lovell S, Xu L. Crystal and solution structures of human oncoprotein Musashi-2 N-terminal RNA recognition motif 1. Proteins 2019; 88:573-583. [PMID: 31603583 PMCID: PMC7079100 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Musashi‐2 (MSI2) belongs to Musashi family of RNA binding proteins (RBP). Like Musashi‐1 (MSI1), it is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is a promising therapeutic target. Both MSI proteins contain two N‐terminal RNA recognition motifs and play roles in posttranscriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Previously, we have identified several inhibitors of MSI1, all of which bind to MSI2 as well. In order to design MSI2‐specific inhibitors and compare the differences of binding mode of the inhibitors, we set out to solve the structure of MSI2‐RRM1, the key motif that is responsible for the binding. Here, we report the crystal structure and the first NMR solution structure of MSI2‐RRM1, and compare these to the structures of MSI1‐RBD1 and other RBPs. A high degree of structural similarity was observed between the crystal and solution NMR structures. MSI2‐RRM1 shows a highly similar overall folding topology to MSI1‐RBD1 and other RBPs. The structural information of MSI2‐RRM1 will be helpful for understanding MSI2‐RNA interaction and for guiding rational drug design of MSI2‐specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Minli Xing
- Bio-NMR Core Facility, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Maithri Kashipathy
- Protein Structure Laboratory, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Justin Douglas
- Bio-NMR Core Facility, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kevin Battaile
- IMCA-CAT, Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Robert Hanzlik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Wang Q, Xu J, Chen Y, Liu L. KLF4 overexpression decreases the viability, invasion and migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3493-3501. [PMID: 31602225 PMCID: PMC6777314 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has been implicated in a number of different types of cancer; however, the role of KLF4 in papillary thyroid cancer remains elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the role of KLF4 in papillary thyroid cancer and its potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression of KLF4 in thyroid tumor tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were detected via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The papillary thyroid cancer cell line, KTC1, was transfected with viruses carrying KLF4 overexpression vectors. The relative expression of KLF4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9 and collagen was detected via quantitative-PCR. The viability of KTC1 cells was detected using a cell counting kit-8 assay at 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell invasion was examined via a transwell invasion assay. Cell migration was examined via a scratch migration assay at 0 and 24 h. Compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues, the expression of KLF4 was significantly lower in thyroid tumor tissues. The expression of KLF4 in KTC1 cells were significantly increased compared with the blank or negative control groups. The expression of N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9 and collagen was significantly decreased in the KLF4 overexpression group. The viability of KTC1 cells was markedly decreased in KLF4 overexpression group at 24, 48 and 72 h when compared with the blank or negative control groups. The invasion of KTC1 cells in the KLF4 overexpression group was markedly decreased. Compared with the negative control group, the KTC1 cell migration in the KLF4 overexpression group was markedly decreased at 24 h. The expression of KLF4 was also significantly lower in thyroid tumor tissues. The cell viability, tumor invasion and migration ability and expression levels of N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9 and collagen in papillary thyroid cancer cells were markedly decreased with KLF4 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
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40
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Cheng T, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Tang J, Tan Z, Liang Z, Chen T, Liu Z, Li J, Zhao J, Zhou R. ETV4 promotes proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma by transcriptionally upregulating MSI2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:278-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Mohibi S, Chen X, Zhang J. Cancer the'RBP'eutics-RNA-binding proteins as therapeutic targets for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107390. [PMID: 31302171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in the regulation of various RNA processes, including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, transport, translation and degradation of coding RNAs, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Recent studies indicate that RBPs not only play an instrumental role in normal cellular processes but have also emerged as major players in the development and spread of cancer. Herein, we review the current knowledge about RNA binding proteins and their role in tumorigenesis as well as the potential to target RBPs for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States.
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42
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Small-molecule targeting of MUSASHI RNA-binding activity in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2691. [PMID: 31217428 PMCID: PMC6584500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The MUSASHI (MSI) family of RNA binding proteins (MSI1 and MSI2) contribute to a wide spectrum of cancers including acute myeloid leukemia. We find that the small molecule Ro 08-2750 (Ro) binds directly and selectively to MSI2 and competes for its RNA binding in biochemical assays. Ro treatment in mouse and human myeloid leukemia cells results in an increase in differentiation and apoptosis, inhibition of known MSI-targets, and a shared global gene expression signature similar to shRNA depletion of MSI2. Ro demonstrates in vivo inhibition of c-MYC and reduces disease burden in a murine AML leukemia model. Thus, we identify a small molecule that targets MSI's oncogenic activity. Our study provides a framework for targeting RNA binding proteins in cancer.
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43
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Tsujino T, Sugito N, Taniguchi K, Honda R, Komura K, Yoshikawa Y, Takai T, Minami K, Kuranaga Y, Shinohara H, Tokumaru Y, Heishima K, Inamoto T, Azuma H, Akao Y. MicroRNA-143/Musashi-2/KRAS cascade contributes positively to carcinogenesis in human bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2189-2199. [PMID: 31066120 PMCID: PMC6609826 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that microRNA (miR)‐143 is downregulated in human bladder cancer (BC). Recent precision medicine has shown that mutations in BC are frequently observed in FGFR3, RAS and PIK3CA genes, all of which correlate with RAS signaling networks. We have previously shown that miR‐143 suppresses cell growth by inhibiting RAS signaling networks in several cancers including BC. In the present study, we showed that synthetic miR‐143 negatively regulated the RNA‐binding protein Musashi‐2 (MSI2) in BC cell lines. MSI2 is an RNA‐binding protein that regulates the stability of certain mRNAs and their translation by binding to the target sequences of the mRNAs. Of note, the present study clarified that MSI2 positively regulated KRAS expression through directly binding to the target sequence of KRASmRNA and promoting its translation, thus contributing to the maintenance of KRAS expression. Thus, miR‐143 silenced KRAS and MSI2, which further downregulated KRAS expression through perturbation of the MSI2/KRAS cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tsujino
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Translational Research Program, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Honda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.,Translational Research Program, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takai
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Kuranaga
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Haruka Shinohara
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Heishima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Teruo Inamoto
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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44
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Li L, Yu S, Wu Q, Dou N, Li Y, Gao Y. KLF4-Mediated CDH3 Upregulation Suppresses Human Hepatoma Cell Growth and Migration via GSK-3β Signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:953-961. [PMID: 31182916 PMCID: PMC6535787 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin (CDH3), a classical cell adhesion molecule involved in tissue integrity and cell localization, has been implicated in many types of cancer. However, little is known about its function and regulatory mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report that CDH3 was positively regulated by kr¨uppel-like transcription factor 4 (KLF4), which is a crucial tumor suppressor gene in HCC, at mRNA level in HCC cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that KLF4 directly bound to CDH3 promoter and transcriptionally activated CDH3 expression. Consistently, CDH3 expression was closely related with KLF4 expression in patients' samples and both proteins exhibited a downregulated expression pattern in cancer samples. Functionally, enforced CDH3 expression suppressed and silenced CDH3 expression promoted HCC cell growth and migration in vitro. Mechanistically, we observed that GSK-3β was regulated by CDH3 and may function as a possible downstream effector of CDH3. Knockdown of GSK-3β showed a similar phenotype with CDH3 silencing. Taken together, these findings establish the KLF4/CDH3/GSK-3β axis as an important regulatory mechanism in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ning Dou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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Yan X, Wan H, Hao X, Lan T, Li W, Xu L, Yuan K, Wu H. Importance of gene expression signatures in pancreatic cancer prognosis and the establishment of a prediction model. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:273-283. [PMID: 30643453 PMCID: PMC6312063 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common tumors with a poor prognosis. The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, based on the anatomical features of tumors, is insufficient to predict PC outcomes. The current study is endeavored to identify important prognosis-related genes and build an effective predictive model. Methods Multiple public datasets were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and survival-related genes (SRGs). Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs was used to identify the main biological processes and pathways involved in PC. A risk score based on SRGs was computed through a univariate Cox regression analysis. The performance of the risk score in predicting PC prognosis was evaluated with survival analysis, Harrell's concordance index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), and calibration plots. A predictive nomogram was built through integrating the risk score with clinicopathological information. Results A total of 945 DEGs were identified in five Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and four SRGs (LYRM1, KNTC1, IGF2BP2, and CDC6) were significantly associated with PC progression and prognosis in four datasets. The risk score showed relatively good performance in predicting prognosis in multiple datasets. The predictive nomogram had greater C-index and AUC values, compared with those of the AJCC stage and risk score. Conclusion This study identified four new biomarkers that are significantly associated with the carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis of PC, which may be helpful in studying the underlying mechanism of PC carcinogenesis. The predictive nomogram showed robust performance in predicting PC prognosis. Therefore, the current model may provide an effective and reliable guide for prognosis assessment and treatment decision-making in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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Li Z, Huang J, Shen S, Ding Z, Luo Q, Chen Z, Lu S. SIRT6 drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer via snail-dependent transrepression of KLF4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:323. [PMID: 30577808 PMCID: PMC6303940 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the invasion and metastasis of epithelial tumors. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, is known to promote metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS In this work, we determined the role of SIRT6 in the EMT of NSCLC cells and identified the key EMT-related genes involved in the oncogenic activity of SIRT6. RESULTS We report that depletion of SIRT6 inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells, which is rescued by ectopic expression of SIRT6. Knockdown of SIRT6 leads to a reduction in Snail protein without affecting the mRNA level. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate a physical association between SIRT6 and Snail. SIRT6 deacetylates Snail and prevents its proteasomal degradation. Silencing of Snail blunts SIRT6-induced NSCLC cell migration and invasion, while overexpression of Snail restores the invasion and EMT in SIRT6-depleted NSCLC cells. SIRT6 depletion leads to an upregulation of kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and reduced Snail binding to the promoter of Klf4 in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of KLF4 rescues the invasive capacity in SIRT6-depleted NSCLC cells. Conversely, co-expression of KLF4 impairs SIRT6-induced aggressive behavior. In vivo data further demonstrate that SIRT6-induced NSCLC metastasis is antagonized by overexpression of KLF4. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide mechanistic insights into the pro-metastatic activity of SIRT6 and highlight the role of the SIRT6/Snail/KLF4 axis in regulating EMT and invasion of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengping Shen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenping Ding
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang L, Shen F, Stroehlein JR, Wei D. Context-dependent functions of KLF4 in cancers: Could alternative splicing isoforms be the key? Cancer Lett 2018; 438:10-16. [PMID: 30217565 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is an important transcription factor that is expressed in a variety of tissues and regulates many critical physiologic and cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, stem cell reprogramming, maintenance of genomic stability, and normal tissue homeostasis. KLF4 has both tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions in gastrointestinal and other cancers. These functions are thought to be context dependent, but how KLF4 exerts these differential functions and the molecular mechanisms behind them remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that the KLF4 gene undergoes alternative splicing, and the protein products of certain transcripts antagonize wild-type KLF4 function, suggesting an additional layer of regulation of KLF4 function. Therefore, detailed study of KLF4 alternative splicing may not only provide new insights into the complexity of KLF4 functions but also lead to rational targeting of KLF4 for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John R Stroehlein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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The FOXC1/FBP1 signaling axis promotes colorectal cancer proliferation by enhancing the Warburg effect. Oncogene 2018; 38:483-496. [PMID: 30171256 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors plays vital roles in carcinogenesis. However, the function of the FOX family member FOXC1 in maintenance of colorectal cancer (CRC) malignancy is unknown. Herein, FOXC1 expression in CRC specimens in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was analyzed and validated using immunohistochemistry with a tissue microarray. The effect of FOXC1 expression on proliferation of and glycolysis in CRC cells was assessed by altering its expression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation was carried out using cell and molecular biological approaches. Our results showed that FOXC1 expression was higher in CRC specimens than in adjacent benign tissue specimens. Univariate survival analyses of the patients from whom the study specimens were obtained, and validated cohorts indicated that ectopic FOXC1 expression was significantly correlated with shortened survival. Silencing FOXC1 expression in CRC cells inhibited their proliferation and colony formation and decreased their glucose consumption and lactate production. In contrast, FOXC1 overexpression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, increased expression of FOXC1 downregulated that of a key glycolytic enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1). Mechanistically, FOXC1 bound directly to the promoter regions of the FBP1 gene and negatively regulated its transcriptional activity. Collectively, aberrant FBP1 expression contributed to CRC tumorigenicity, and decreased FBP1 expression coupled with increased FOXC1 expression provided better prognostic information than did FOXC1 expression alone. Therefore, the FOXC1/FBP1 axis induces CRC cell proliferation, reprograms metabolism in CRCs, and constitutes potential prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Lan L, Liu H, Smith AR, Appelman C, Yu J, Larsen S, Marquez RT, Wu X, Liu FY, Gao P, Gowthaman R, Karanicolas J, De Guzman RN, Rogers S, Aubé J, Neufeld KL, Xu L. Natural product derivative Gossypolone inhibits Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:809. [PMID: 30097032 PMCID: PMC6086024 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Musashi (MSI) family of RNA-binding proteins is best known for the role in post-transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Elevated MSI1 levels in a variety of human cancer are associated with up-regulation of Notch/Wnt signaling. MSI1 binds to and negatively regulates translation of Numb and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), negative regulators of Notch and Wnt signaling respectively. METHODS Previously, we have shown that the natural product (-)-gossypol as the first known small molecule inhibitor of MSI1 that down-regulates Notch/Wnt signaling and inhibits tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Using a fluorescence polarization (FP) competition assay, we identified gossypolone (Gn) with a > 20-fold increase in Ki value compared to (-)-gossypol. We validated Gn binding to MSI1 using surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and cellular thermal shift assay, and tested the effects of Gn on colon cancer cells and colon cancer DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS In colon cancer cells, Gn reduced Notch/Wnt signaling and induced apoptosis. Compared to (-)-gossypol, the same concentration of Gn is less active in all the cell assays tested. To increase Gn bioavailability, we used PEGylated liposomes in our in vivo studies. Gn-lip via tail vein injection inhibited the growth of human colon cancer DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice, as compared to the untreated control (P < 0.01, n = 10). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PEGylation improved the bioavailability of Gn as well as achieved tumor-targeted delivery and controlled release of Gn, which enhanced its overall biocompatibility and drug efficacy in vivo. This provides proof of concept for the development of Gn-lip as a molecular therapy for colon cancer with MSI1/MSI2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
- Current address: School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Amber R Smith
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Carl Appelman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sarah Larsen
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Rebecca T Marquez
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Frank Y Liu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, Lawrence, USA
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto N De Guzman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Steven Rogers
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristi L Neufeld
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Hu F, Liu C, Xie F, Lin X, Yang J, Wang C, Huang Q. MSI2 knockdown represses extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma growth and invasion by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4035-4046. [PMID: 30034243 PMCID: PMC6049051 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s170739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the expression and functional role of Musashi2 (MSI2), an RNA-binding protein, in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). Patients and methods We measured MSI2 expression in human specimens and cell lines using Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and we analyzed its association with clinicopathologic features in eCCA patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival. Functional experiments were used to study the mechanisms of MSI2 in regulating eCCA cell growth, migration, and invasion. Results MSI2 expression was upregulated significantly in both human specimens and cell lines, and high MSI2 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor prognosis in eCCA patients. Additionally, MSI2 overexpression promoted eCCA cell growth, migration, and invasion, while MSI2 knockdown repressed eCCA cell migration and invasion by inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Conclusion MSI2 is an independent prognostic factor for eCCA patients, and MSI2 downregulation inhibits eCCA cell growth and metastasis. MSI2 may be a potential therapeutic target for eCCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Heifei, China,
| | - Chenhai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Heifei, China,
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Heifei, China,
| | - Xiansheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Heifei, China,
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Heifei, China,
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Heifei, China,
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Heifei, China,
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